Global Positioning and Geographical Information Systems

Global Positioning and Geographical Information Systems INSTRUCTOR'S LESSON PLAN Instructor: Mr. Miller Unit # GPSGIS-01 Unit Name Global Positioning and Geographical Information Sys Lesson # 1 of 15 Lesson Title: Basic terminology associated with GPS and GIS. Lesson Objective: After lecture and discussion, the student will know basic GPS and GIS terminolog and will know basic GPS and GIS terminology and will demonstrate by scoring a minimum 70% accuracy on a unit test. Materials: Notebooks Handouts References: Mapping Our World Equipment: Smart board GIS Lessons for Educators, ESRI Press Computers http://earth.google.com Garmin GPS Unit http://worldwind.arc.nasa.gov/download.h Garmin Data OVERSpace Program I. Preparation (of the learner) The days of navigation by compass and rule are entering into the age of extinction thanks to satellite technology and scientific Instruments and software. By harnessing a signal from space, we can find our approximate location, elevatio grid coordinate, and upload the data to see where we are on a digital map. We can also research any continent, state, province, city, town, county, or country (with available data), to determine population, income, industry, water tables, rates, death rates, acreage, medical, and land usage (just to name a few queries). Sound like magic? Not really, just technology! Until recently, most GPS/GIS information & capabilities were used and processed under strict governmen guidelines and top secret military operations. In this unit, we are going to learn the basics of GPS and GIS. In this first we'll begin by learning some technology that is essential to understanding this powerful new frontier. With these thoug before us, let's begin our lesson! GPS - Global Positioning System. A system of satellites, computer signals from different satellites to reach the receiver. Terminology and receivers that is able to determine the latitude and longit of a receiver on Earth by calculating the time difference for GIS – Geographical information System. A computer system for cap checking, integrating, manipulating, analyzing and displayin related to positions on the Earth's surface. Typically, a GIS is for handling maps of one kind or another. These might be represented as several different layers where each layer hold data about a particular kind of feature (e.g. roads). Each featu linked to a position on the graphical image of a map. Layers data are organized to be studied and to perform statistical a (i.e. a layer of customer locations could include fields for Name Address, Contact, Number, Area). Uses are primarily govern related, town planning, local authority & public utility management, environmental, resource management, engineering, business, marketing, and distribution. Geospatial - pertaining to the geographic location and characterist natural or constructed features and boundaries on, a or below the earth's surface. Longitude - Angular distance on the earth's surface, measured east or west from the prime meridian at Greenwich, England, to the meridian passing through a position, expressed in degrees (or hours), minutes, and seconds. II. Presentation of the Information. Terminology (continued) Latitude - The angular distance north or south of the earth's equator, measured in degrees along a meridian, as on a map o ArcGis - Computer software for implementing a geographic informa system. ESRI - Environmental Systems Research Institute. Formed in 1969 in Redlands California. Inventors and manufacturers of ArcGis a ArcView software. ArcView - Desktop GIS software that includes ArcMap for displaying interacting with maps and layouts, and ArcCatalog for reviewing data and metadata. Data - Factual information, especially information organized for anal reason or make decisions. Numerical or other information represented in a form suitable for processing by computer. Metadata - Data about data. In data processing, meta-data is definitio data that provides information about or documentation o other data managed within an application or environmen For example, meta-data would document data about dat elements or attributes, (name, size, data type, etc) and data about records or data structures (length, fields, colu associated, ownership, etc.). Meta-data may include descriptive information about the context, quality and condition, or characteristics of the data. Attribute - A piece of information that describes a geographic featu a GIS map. The attributes of an earthquake might includ date it occurred, its latitude and longitude, depth and magnitude. Query - database, information. A user's request for information, gene as a formal request to a database or search engine. Attribute table - A table that contains all of the attributes for like fea on a GIS map, arranged so that each row repre one feature and each column represents one fe attribute. Axis - The vertical (V-axis) or horizontal (X-axis) lines in a graph on which measurements can be illustrated and coordinated with other. Each axis in a GIS graph can be made visible or invisi and labeled. Spatial - Of, relating to, involving, or having the nature of space. Bookmark - In ArcMap, a shortcut you can create to save a particular geographic extent on a map so you can return to it later Also known as a spatial bookmark. Color selector - The window that allows you to change the color of geographic features and text on your GIS Comma-delimited values file - A data table in text form where the values are separated by commas. Popular format for transferring dat from spreadsheet programs to ArcMap. Coordinate system - A system of intersecting lines that is used to l features on surfaces such as the earth's surfa a map. Data folder - A folder on the hard drive of your computer or your network's computer that is available for storage of GI data and map documents that you create. Data frame - A map element that defines a geographic extent, a pa extent, a coordinate system, and other display propert for one or more layers in ArcMaD. II. Presentation of the information Terminology (continued) Decimal degrees - Degrees of latitude and longitude expressed in decimals instead of in degrees, minutes and s Feature - A geographic object on a map represented by a point, a li or a polygon. Point feature - a point on a map that represents a geographic objec small to show as a line or a polygon. Line feature - A line on a map that represents a geographic object t narrow to show as a polygon at a particular scale. Polygon feature - An area on a map that represents a geographic o too large to show as a point or a line. Feature class - A collection of geographic features with the same geometry type (point, line or polygon), the same attributes, and the same spatial reference. Spatial reference - Coordinate system and map projection. Field - The column in a table that contains the values (information) fo single attribute of each geographic feature in a GIS layer. Field name - The column heading in an attribute table. - An ArcMap button used for locating one or more map features that have a particular attribute value. without having to enter the entire oath. Find button Folder Connection Geodatabase - A shortcut that allows you to navigate to a fo - A database used to organize and store geographic in ArcGIS. Georeference - To assign coordinates from a reference system, su latitude/longitude, to the page coordinates of an im map. Graduated color map sequence of numeric values. Graph - A graphic representation of tabular data. Identify tool - A map that uses a range of colors to show - An ArcMap tool used to display the attributes of featur in the map. Image - A graphic representation of data such as a photograph, scan picture, or a satellite photograph. Join - An operation that appends the fields of one table to those of another through an attribute field common to both tables. Label- Text placed next to a geographic feature on a map to descr identify it. Layer - A layer is a set of geographic features of the same type alo with it's associated attribute table, or an image. Symbology Layer file - The study or interpretation of symbols or symbolism. The use of symbols. - In ArcGIS, a file with a .Iyr extension that stores the p include mapos, graphs, tables, text, and images. data source and other laver properties, including symbo Layout - In ArcMap, an on-screen presentation document that ca Layout view - A view in ArcMap in which geographic data and map elements, such as titles, legends, and scale bars are olaced and arranaed for orintina. Legend - A list of symbols on a map that contains a sample of eac symbol as well as text that identifies what the symbol -- - -------------- -- ---- ---- Terminology (continued) III. Summary - Closure - (oral questioning, etc.) Measure tool- An ArcMap tool used to measure distance on a m Pan - To move your map up. down, or sideways without changing th viewing scale. Record Relate - A row in an attribute table that contains all of the attribute values for a single feature. records in two tables using a field common to both. - An operation that establishes a temporary connection bet corresponding distance or area on the ground, commonly expressed as a fraction or a ration. Scale - The relationship between a distance or area, on a map and Selected feature - A geographic feature that is chosen and put in subset so that various functions can be performe the feature. Shapefile (.shp) Sort ascending - A data storage format for storing the location, sh lowest values to the highest values in a field. and attribute information of geographic features. - To arrange an attributes table's rows in order fro highest values to the lowest values in a field. Sort descending - To arrange an attributes table's rows in order fro Symbol selector - The dialog in ArcMap for selecting symbols and also show how the data is symbolized. changing their color, size, outline, or other prop Table of contents - A list of data frames and layers on a map that Toolbar A set of commands that allow you to carry out related ta Vertex - One of the points that defines a line or polygon feature. - Zoom - To display a larger or smaller extent of a GIS map or imag 1. What is GIS? 2. What is GPS? 3. How may the two be combined for use productively? 4. Who uses GPS and GIS locally? IV. Application (drill, practice, task sheets, assignments) 1. Interview a professional (Engineer, Surveyor, Mapper, Court Clerk) and see if and how they are currently using GPS o GIS. If they are, to what capacity? If not, do they plan to include it in the future for their businesses? 2. Research the ESRI website and type a two page paper on the history of ESRI. Include early history and what prompte the need for GIS. 3. Research the Militaries need and usage for GIS and GPS. Include in your five page paper, the differences and similar of military and civilian demands. V. Evaluation (psychomotor checklist(s), quiz, lesson test, unit test, written or oral report, Checklists f affective domain. Unit Test Crosswalk to Virginia's All Aspects of Industry 1. Planning 2. Management 4. Technical and production skills. 5. Underlying principles of technology. 8. Health, safety I and environmental issues. Reading Assignment - None The next assignment is: learning to use the Garmin GPS Instrument.