Questions for Locke 1. Summarize the first paragraph in your own words. 2. Explain why, a free man in the state of nature would be willing to give up some of his freedom. 3. Summarize the three reasons Locke gives for why property is not protected in the state of nature. 4. What are the two powers that Locke says man has in the state of nature? 5. Summarize paragraph 131 in your own words. 6. Define democracy, oligarchy, monarchy, and mixed government according to Locke. 7. Locke is famous for his „social contract‟ theory of government. Based on what you just read, what do you think the social contract is?
Reading Questions for Chapter Two: The Constitution
Use your own words to answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. This should be typed. 1. Make a list of the points that the text makes on what the “Colonial Mind” was thinking at the time of the Revolution. 2. Make a detailed list of the weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation. 3. What was Shays‟s Rebellion and what role did that play in the push for changing the Articles of Confederation? 4. Make a chart comparing and contrasting the Virginia Plan, New Jersey Plan, and the Great Compromise 5. What were the other compromises involving the president and the Supreme Court decided at the Convention? 6. What is the difference between a democracy and a republic and how did the Constitution strike a balance between these two forms of government? 7. What is judicial review? 8. List and define the two major principles of American representative democracy? 9. What was the founders‟ solution to the problem that people will pursue their own self-interest? How is that different from what ancient philosophers believed? What did Madison argue and propose in this context? 10. Make a chart showing the Federalist and Antifederalist arguments about the Constitution. Leave room to add to it.
11. The book lists liberties that are guaranteed in the body of the Constitution. Learn that list. Define writ of habeas corpus, bill of attainder, and an ex post facto law. 12. What arguments did the Federalists use against having a bill of rights? 13. Summarize the three provisions in the Constitution regarding slavery. Why didn‟t the Founders abolish slavery? 14. Study the box on p. 41 outlining how to propose and ratify an amendment. Read over the language in Article V of the Constitution. Memorize these methods. 15. What was Charles Beard‟s interpretation of the Framers of the Constitution? What is now known to counter his interpretation? 16. In the ratifying conventions, what were the economic divisions of who favored the Constitution? 17. Outline the criticisms presented of the separation of powers and the counter arguments. 18. What are the proposals of those who the government is too large and who would seek changes in the Constitution to limit the government? What are the counter arguments?
By the end of the unit, you will be responsible for being able to define and explain all these items.
1. 2. 3. 4. John Locke social contract Natural Rights State of Nature 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. Federalist Papers Virginia Plan New Jersey Plan The Great (or Connecticut Compromise Republic judicial review separation of powers federalism Popular sovereignty Federalists and Antifederalists James Madison Alexander Hamilton Federalist Nos. 10 and 51 Coalition Bill of Attainder 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. Ex post facto law Bill of Rights Proportional Representation Enumerated Powers Separated Powers Necessary and Proper Clause Apportionment Supremacy Clause Treason Fugitive Slave Clause Veto Electoral College Original Jurisdiction Appellate Jurisdiction Charles Beard
5. unalienable rights 6. Thomas Hobbes 7. 8. 9. 10 . . 12 . 13. 14. 15. Democracy Oligarchy Monarchy Mixed Government
11 Articles of Confederation Constitutional Convention Shays‟s Rebellion Northwest Ordinance factions
Define federalism and explain how such a system differs from a unitary or a confederal system. 2.
Make a chart listing the positive and negative aspects of federalism. Leave room for additions 3. Using the chart on p. 54 and the rest of the material in the book to list the elements of the Constitution that 1) restrict the powers of the states 2) protect the powers of the states 3) describe how the states should deal with each other and 4) have been used to expand the power of the federal government 4. What was the principle of nullification? 5. Define initiative, referendum, and recall 6. Why did the GOP in Congress embrace the idea of devolution and what was the effect of the reform of AFDC? 7. Why was it possible to enact devolution for AFDC but not for Medicaid? 8. What are the explanations that the book gives for why members of Congress pass laws that cause governors and mayors to complain about the role of the federal government? 1. Fletcher v. Peck (1810) 2. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) 3. Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) 4. National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel (1937) 5. Wickard v. Filburn (1942) 6. Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States (1964) 7. South Dakota v. Dole (1987) 8. United States v. Lopez (1995) 9. Printz v. United States (1997)
10. United States v. Morrison (2000) 11. Gonzales v. Raich (2005) 12 Gonzales v. Oregon (2006)
Identifications 1. Federalism 14. Concurrent Powers 27. referendum 2. Devolution 15. Implied Powers 28. recall 3. Sovereignty 16. Denied Powers 29. grants-in-aid 4. Unitary System 17. John Marshall 30. categorical grants 5. Confederation 18. Nullification 31. block grants
6. Tenth Amendment 19. Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions 32. revenue sharing grants 7. Supremacy Clause (Article VI) 20. John C. Calhoun 33. Mandates 8. Elastic or “Necessary and Proper” Clause (Art. I, Section 8, Clause 18) 21. Dual Federalism 34. 104th Congress 9. Commerce Clause (Art. I, section 8, clause 3) 22. Layer Cake Federalism 35. Unfunded Mandates 10. “Full Faith and Credit” Clause (Art. IV, Sec. 1) 23. Marble Cake Federalism 36. Conditions of Aid 11. “Privileges and Immunities Clause (Art. IV, sec. 2) 24. Creative Federalism and The Great Society (LBJ) 37. Devolution 12. Enumerated Powers (national) {also called Expressed or Delegated Powers} 25. New Federalism (Competitive Federalism) 38. Second-order devolution 13.
Reserved Powers (state) 26. initiative 39. Third-order devolution
Significant Laws Here we go again. I recommend that you start flash cards for these laws. Include a short summary of what the law did and its significance. Some of these laws will appear several times in the course.
1. Civil Rights Act (1964) 4. National Voter Registration Act or Motor Voter Registration Act (1993) 2. Clean Air Act (1970) 5. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (1995) 3. Americans with Disabilities Act (1990) 6. Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 or Welfare Reform Act 7. No Child Left Behind (2002)