Artificial Intelligence Strong vs. Weak

Artificial Intelligence Travis Eichner Peter Forcey Matt Hammock Nick Kelly Overview   Intelligence Artificial Intelligence       Robotics NASA Artificial Intelligence Humanoids Domestic Robotics Military and Tactical Interesting Facts ◦ History ◦ Weak Artificial Intelligence ◦ Strong Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence: Business?  Objective – The Benefits as an IS Major Remote Communication  Analysis / Problem Solving  Multi-agent collaboration  Real-time reasoning  Cost Reductions  Technology Advancements  What is Intelligence?       Adaptability to a new environment or to changes in the current environment. Capacity for knowledge and ability to acquire it. Capacity for reason and abstract thought. Ability to comprehend relationships. Ability to evaluate and judge. Capacity for original and productive thought. http://giftedkids.about.com/od/glossary/g/intelligence.htm History of Artificial Intelligence  Alan Turing (1947) ◦ “Turing Test”  Speculated about the possibility of creating machines with true intelligence.  Allen Newell & Herbert Simon (1955) ◦ “Logic Theorist”  Program that could prove theorems and find new and more elegant proofs for others. http://www.atariarchives.org/deli/artificial_intelligence.php History of Artificial Intelligence  Field of Artificial Intelligence –Summer 1956 ◦ The birth of AI; founded at a conference on the campus of Dartmouth College.  AI gained its name, its mission, its first success and its major supporters at the conference. “…intelligence can be so precisely described that a machine can be made to simulate it." http://www.atariarchives.org/deli/artificial_intelligence.php Weak Artificial Intelligence  Machines can ACT as if they are intelligent. ◦ There is no conscious thinking. ◦ Some “thinking-like” features can be added to computers to make them more useful tools. ◦ The machines can simulate human cognition (act as if they are intelligent). Examples: ◦ Stoplights ◦ Speech recognition software ◦ GPS http://www.units.muohio.edu/psybersite/cyberspace/ai/weak.shtml  Strong Artificial Intelligence  Match or exceed human intelligence. ◦ Perform any intellectual task that a human can.  Solve problems of reasoning based on trial and error. ◦ If one method does not succeed, it can analyze different possibilities, like a human mind. ◦ It will make an effort to understand what the problem is, and why the previous solutions failed. http://www.units.muohio.edu/psybersite/cyberspace/ai/strong.shtml Strong Artificial Intelligence  Required aspects of Strong AI: ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Reason (use strategy, make judgments) Represent commonsense knowledge Plan Learn Communicate (natural language) Perceive (see) Social intelligence Move and manipulate objects http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong_AI Strong Artificial Intelligence  Advanced aspects of Strong AI: ◦ Consciousness ◦ Self-awareness (aware of oneself as a separate individual, aware of one's own thoughts) ◦ Sentience: the ability to "feel." ◦ Sapience: the capacity for wisdom. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong_AI Kismet Robotics The science and technology of robots: the design, manufacture, and application.  Can refer to both physical robots and virtual software agents.  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotics Robotics  Properties of a typical robot: ◦ Artificially created. ◦ Sense, manipulate or interact with its environment. ◦ Make choices based on the environment. ◦ Programmable. ◦ Move with one or more axes of rotation. ◦ Make coordinated movements. ◦ Move without direct human intervention. ◦ Appears to have „agency.‟ (agency determines whether to call a machine a robot, or just a machine) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robot Robotics  What is not a robot? ◦ All robots are machines ◦ All machines are not robots ◦ Machine  Generally performs one task  It has an input  An output  Some defined procedures or operations to correlate the two Machine Ceiling Fan Clock Hand Drill Lawnmower Pencil Sharpener ◦ Robot  Specific kind of machine that carries out a complex set series of tasks automatically http://www.leftfieldpress.com/glossary.html Telephone Toaster Robotics  Robots are widely used in: ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Manufacturing Assembly and packing Transport Earth and space exploration Surgery Weaponry Laboratory research Mass production of consumer and industrial goods. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robot Manufacturing Surgery Robotics  Common Robotics Jobs: ◦ Domestic Robots - used for household chores.  Human or Robot:  Desire ◦ Telerobots - the control of robots from a distance, chiefly using wireless connections, "tethered" connections, or the  Risk Internet.  Likeliness of Error ◦ Military Robots - autonomous or remote-controlled devices designed for military applications.  Capability of Robot ◦ Assistive Domotics Robots- focuses on making it  Profitability possible for the elderly and disabled to live at home and still be safe and comfortable. ◦ Industrial Robots - as an automatically controlled, reprogrammable, multipurpose manipulator http://www.buzzle.com/articles/types-of-robots.html http://www.go-advanced.com/robot-classes/types-robots.html National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA Artificial Intelligence  Benefits to Information Systems: ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Remote Communication Redundancy Team Effort Analysis / Problem Solving ◦ Cost Reductions ◦ Time and Efficiency NASA Artificial Intelligence  NASA is developing Artificial Intelligence software to make missions more practical. ◦ Help astronauts and robots make swift decisions and plan quickly, without much assistance from Earth.  The Phoenix Mission – Mars North Pole Quest ◦ The Lander's robotic arm will dig into the arctic terrain in search of clues to the geologic history of water on Mars. ◦ The spacecraft also will look for evidence of zones that could support microbial life. http://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/research/exploringtheuniverse/spiffy.html NASA Artificial Intelligence "Human beings make decisions in response to their environment. How do you encapsulate this behavior into a rover, or a robot, sitting on a planet millions of miles away?“  Remote Communication Time Lapse ◦ At the speed of light (186,000 mps) radio messages take at least 11 minutes to reach Mars. http://www.nasa.gov/vision/universe/roboticexplorers/robust_artificial_intelligence_jb.html NASA Artificial Intelligence  Mars Exploration Rovers are directed by large teams of human beings on Earth. ◦ MER activity planning takes the human about 1.5 hours every day. ◦ The goal is to reduce time to about 10 minutes.  Cost-Benefit Analysis ◦ Cost reductions - less need for large teams on Earth to make detailed daily plans for deep space missions http://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/research/exploringtheuniverse/spiffy.html NASA Artificial Intelligence  Mixed-initiative Activity Plan Generator ◦ Artificial Intelligence planning software ◦ Ability for Planetary Rovers to be much more self reliant and make basic decisions. "A scientist may say, 'Go look at that rock,' and the computer could say, 'in order to look at the rock, you must consider x-y-z.' There is a dialogue between the human beings and the robots.” http://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/research/exploringtheuniverse/spiffy.html NASA Artificial Intelligence "What we expect to do within the next 10 years is to not only deploy one AI-based rover, but a collection of rovers using the AI-based IDEA architecture.“  Teams of robots will be able to map large tracts of the Mars surface. ◦ Better coverage of a large area of land. ◦ Redundancy; if one or more of the robots fails, you still can accomplish the mission. ◦ Complex tasks that a single rover could not do. “Better science results from a team effort, whether it is by robots, humans or even a robot-human team." http://www.nasa.gov/vision/universe/roboticexplorers/robust_artificial_intelligence_jb.html NASA Artificial Intelligence "Creating strong AI software is a very exciting and challenging problem, and it inspires us and our students to work on this bold effort.“ -Milind Tambe,University of California, Los Angeles ◦ UCLA Computer Science students work with NASA Computer Scientists. “Their eyes light up, and then they understand what this research could mean for the future." http://www.nasa.gov/vision/universe/roboticexplorers/robust_artificial_intelligence_jb.html Humanoids RoboCup Artificial Intelligence  Benefits to Information Systems: ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Design principles of autonomous agents Multi-agent collaboration Sensor Fusion Strategy Acquisition Real-time reasoning What is RoboCup?   Internationally joint project (July 1997) ◦ promote Artificial Intelligence and robotics Central topic of research - Soccer ◦ aiming at innovations to be applied for socially significant problems and industries  Attempt to foster Artificial Intelligence research ◦ provide a standard problem where wide range of technologies can be integrated and examined. http://www.robocup.org/overview/2.html Chess vs. RoboCup  Comparison of Chess and RoboCup Chess Environment State Change Info accessibility Sensor Readings Static Turn Taking Complete Symbolic Robocup Dynamic Real time Incomplete Non-Symbolic Control Central Distributed http://www.robocup.org/overview/22.html Growth of RoboCup Coming soon RoboCup 2009 Graz Event RoboCup 2008 Suzhou RoboCup 2007 Atlanta RoboCup 2006 Bremen RoboCup 2005 Osaka Number of Teams 373 321 440 330 Countries/Regio ns 35 39 35 31 RoboCup 2004 Lisbon Robocup 2003 Padua 345 238 37 35 http://www.iau.dtu.dk/robocup/about_robocup.html RoboCup RoboCup Soccer (Primary Emphasis)  Simulation League (2D, 3D)  Small Robot League (F-180)  Middle Size Robot League (F-2000)  Sony 4-Legged Robot League  Humanoid League http://www.tzi.de/4legged/bin/view/Website/WebHome RoboCup‟s Goal “By 2050, develop a team of fully autonomous humanoid robots that can win against the human world champion team in soccer” The road to RoboCup 2050 Burkhard, H.D.; Duhaut, D.; Fujita, M.; Lima, P.; Murphy, R.; Rojas, R. Videos of RoboCup   Robocup 2008 Highlights RoboCup 2008 Humanoid Soccer Final: NimbRo vs.Team Osaka http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ASsbCufbn2I&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iMM_XQXJUUc Technology Incorporated in RoboCup  Design principles of autonomous agents ◦ Senses the environment, and acts on it, over time, in pursuit of its own agenda  Agenda evolves from drives or programmed goals  Multi-agent collaboration ◦ Eliminate single-point failure ◦ team of single robots for performing complex tasks http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~pstone/Papers/97synthetic-challenge/node2.html Technology Incorporated in RoboCup   Robotics ◦ Design and fabrication to accomplish agenda Sensor-fusion ◦ combining of data derived from sensory data from disparate sources resulting in information that is “better” than possible when these sources were used individually http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~pstone/Papers/97synthetic-challenge/node2.html Technology Incorporated in RoboCup  Strategy acquisition ◦ Planning of controlling a resource  Real-time reasoning ◦ Ability to sense environment and create the adequate response to it http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~pstone/Papers/97synthetic-challenge/node2.html Technical Challenges  Integration of a broad range of technologies ◦ High intelligence, real time perception ◦ Control software ◦ Development of physical components  High performance RoboCup: A Challenge Problem for AI and Robotics Hiroaki Kitano, Minoru Asada, Yasuo Kunivoshi, Itsuki Noda, Eiichi Osawai, and Hitoshi Matsubara  Batteries  Motors Domestic Robotics Benefits to Information Systems  R&D Ability to transfer to manufacturing to further automate  Research in speech recognition and visuals  Balance control  Autonomy  ◦ Wakamaru has face recognition/name association database ◦ Toyota and Honda transferring research to autos What are Domestic Robots?  A robot designed to be used at home ◦ Entertainment ◦ Chores ◦ Smart Environment (autonomous)  Examples: ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Aibo Roomba Husqvarna Automower Robosapien Wakamaru Current Domestic Robots Robosapien has sold millions. Although it is a toy, it‟s functionality has increased significantly with each generation.  iRobot‟s Roomba, has sold over 1.5 million units worldwide.  In Japan, key players such as Honda and Toyota are developing advanced humanoid robots, and spinning off technologies into other products.  http://www.dni.gov/nic/PDF_GIF_confreports/disruptivetech/appendix_E.pdf Wakamaru Developed by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries.  Target Market:  ◦ Initial: Elderly and Disabled ◦ Current: Businesses Specifications – 1 meter Tall, 30 kg, Linux OS, WIFI, speech and voice recognition, etc.  Price - $14,000  Sale to personal users ended in 2005  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wakamaru Wakamaru Features Human-Like Qualities  Visuals  ◦ Face recognition – 100 faces ◦ Movement detection/reaction  Movement ◦ Free-moving within defined area ◦ Customizable times for Wakamaru to be “awake” ◦ Obstacle Avoidance http://www.mhi.co.jp/kobe/wakamaru/english/top.html Wakamaru Features continued…  Network ◦ Reception  Can be used as a greeter, will send email to person in charge ◦ News  Can provide news information  Weather ◦ Remote operation http://www.mhi.co.jp/kobe/wakamaru/english/top.html Wakamaru Customization      Name Activity/Break Times Greetings Field of Activity/Basic Speech Schedule Settings ◦ News ◦ Weather ◦ Time Viewing point, Remote Operation  Etc  http://www.mhi.co.jp/kobe/wakamaru/english/top.html Effects  Advanced Research and Development in other applications ◦ Toyota and Honda – using information gained in robotics for vehicles  Easier to complete daily tasks http://www.dni.gov/nic/PDF_GIF_confreports/disruptivetech/appendix_E.pdf Military and Tactical Benefits to Information Systems  Technology Advancements ◦ Remote controlled technology ◦ Vision Systems ◦ Global Positioning Systems  Keeping humans out of harms way Use of Robotics in the Military  Unmanned Arial Vehicles (UAV) ◦ Predator Series (MQ-9 Reaper)  Currently being used by United States Air Force, the United States Navy, and the British Royal Air Force.  First Hunter/Killer UAV designed for longendurance and high-altitude surveillance.  Can be equipped for video reconnaissance or assault missions. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RQ-9_Predator_B Use of Robotics in the Military  Combat Robots ◦ TALON-SWORDS  Controlled through a two-way radio or fiber optic line from a portable or wearable Operator Control Unit  Provides continuous data and video feedback for precise vehicle positioning.  Transmits in color, black and white, infrared, and/or night vision to its operator  Remote range of 1,000 miles  8.5 hour battery life at normal operating speeds  7 days on standby http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foster-Miller_TALON Use of Robotics in the Military  Transportation / Utility ◦ MULE (Multifunction Utility/Logistics and Equipment)  2.5-ton Unmanned Ground Vehicle that supports dismounted and air assault operations  Used for transportation, counter mine operations, and the Armed Robotic Vehicle  Can carry 1,900-2,400 pounds of equipment and rucksacks for dismounted infantry squads See also: BigDog http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multifunctional_Utility/Logistics_and_Equipment Use of Robotics in the Military  Explosive Ordinance Disposal (EOD) ◦ PackBot  Can be controlled by radio or wired control to handle situations involving potential explosives  Significantly reduces risk of personal injury  Weighs approx. 40lbs and can be dropped six feet without being damaged  Has a camera head equipped with multiple cameras, laser pointers, audio and other sensors  More than 1500 PackBots are currently on station in Iraq and Afghanistan http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PackBot Interesting Facts Google  Released a statement in February of 2007 announcing that they are working on AI. ◦ Computer can listen to your TV. ◦ Within 5 seconds, determine what show it is. ◦ Create targeted web advertisements based on show. www.google.com/news Google  Revamped search engine ◦ An engine that knows exactly what you are looking for. ◦ Understand the question you are asking even better than you do. ◦ Find exactly the information that you are looking for. www.google.com/news Darpa Grand Challenge Competition sponsored by Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)  Driverless Cars  Mock Urban Environment in 2007  ◦ DARPA Urban Challenge  Goals ◦ Advance Autonomous Vehicle Technology ◦ Use Technology to create vehicles for the military http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA_Grand_Challenge Artificial Intelligence: Business?  Objective – The Benefits as an IS Major Remote Communication  Analysis / Problem Solving  Multi-agent collaboration  Real-time reasoning  Cost Reductions  Technology Advancements  Questions? Sources                            http://giftedkids.about.com/od/glossary/g/intelligence.htm http://www.atariarchives.org/deli/artificial_intelligence.php http://www.units.muohio.edu/psybersite/cyberspace/ai/weak.shtml http://www.units.muohio.edu/psybersite/cyberspace/ai/strong.shtml http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong_AI http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotics http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robot http://www.leftfieldpress.com/glossary.html http://www.buzzle.com/articles/types-of-robots.html http://www.go-advanced.com/robot-classes/types-robots.html http://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/research/exploringtheuniverse/spiffy.html http://www.nasa.gov/vision/universe/roboticexplorers/robust_artificial_intelligence_jb.html http://www.robocup.org/overview/2.html http://www.robocup.org/overview/22.html http://www.iau.dtu.dk/robocup/about_robocup.html http://www.tzi.de/4legged/bin/view/Website/WebHome http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~pstone/Papers/97synthetic-challenge/node2.html http://www.dni.gov/nic/PDF_GIF_confreports/disruptivetech/appendix_E.pdf http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wakamaru http://www.mhi.co.jp/kobe/wakamaru/english/top.html http://www.dni.gov/nic/PDF_GIF_confreports/disruptivetech/appendix_E.pdf http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RQ-9_Predator_B http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foster-Miller_TALON http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multifunctional_Utility/Logistics_and_Equipment http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PackBot www.google.com/news http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA_Grand_Challenge