Chapter 19 Industrialization and Nationalism, 1800-1870 I. The Industrial Revolution 1. The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain • reasons (1870s) • capital/definition/role of • entrepreneurs/definition/role of • first mechanized industry • cottage industry transformation> inventions involved • James Watt/significance • steam engine/fuel/significance • produced since Middle Ages • puddling/inventor/result • railroads/role/trace development • first main line/famous engine • economic cycle of growth/definition • factories/significance • shift work
2. The Spread of Industrialization • greatest industrial nation (18th century) data to support • reasons for spread • U.S. industrialization/background/need • Robert Fulton/steamboat/significance • significant transportation development> result • labor demographics 3. Social Impact in Europe • two new social classes, • population trends • Irish potato famine/results • migration trends/characterize • urban living conditions/characterize • industrial capitalism/definition/results • working conditions/characterize • The Factory Act of 1833 (Britain)> elements • sexual division of labor/characterize • socialism/definition/response to • means of production/ownership result • Marx (German)/significance • Owen (Scot)/significance
II. Reaction and Revolution 1. The Congress of Vienna/date/attendees> goals, • Metternich/principal of legitimacy> definition/goal/popularity • territorial actions/results 2. The Conservative Order • conservatism/beliefs/goals • Concert of Europe/goals • principal of intervention/definition> supporters/opponents/results 3. Forces of Change • Liberalism/beliefs/goals • American Bill of Rights/significance • nationalism/definition/beliefs/results • conservatives’ relationship with> nationalists/results • liberals’ relationship with nationalists> results • areas of nationalistic rebellions,1830-47
4. The Revolutions of 1848 • dominant ideology in Europe,1848> significance • economic/political situation in France> 1846/result • universal male suffrage/definition> significance • national workshops/results • Second Republic/leader/characterize • political situation in the German> Confederation/characterize • Frankfurt Convention/goals/results • political situation in Austria/characterize • rebellions/locations/results • political situation in Italy/revolt results
III. National Unification and the National State 1. Breakdown of the Concert of Europe • Crimean War/causes/main results • _____ v. _____ • goals of each country involved • why Russia sued for peace • Treaty of Paris (1856)/elements • Concert of Europe/fate • Russia/Austria/status 2. Italian Unification • Austria/Italian state relationship • Piedmont/role in unification • Cavour/Louis Napoleon/relationship • Piedmont-Austria conflict/ results • Garibaldi/location/goal • Kingdom of the Two Sicilies/location> role in unification • first ruler/Kingdom of Italy • full unification/regions added/how
3. German Unification • Prussia/militarism/role in unification • Bismarck/role in unification • realpolitik/definition • role of the legislature (1862-1866) • foreign wars/___ v. ___ /results • North German Confederation/location • religion/geographical distribution • Franco-Prussian War/causes/results • Alsace, Lorraine/location/importance • kaiser/definition/first kaiser/date • Second German Empire/characterize 4. Nationalism and Reform in Europe • British stability/causes • Queen Victoria/characterize reign • France/plebiscite/date//result • Napoleon III rule/characterize • Paris redesign/characterize/purpose • fall of the Second Empire/causes • Austria/nationalism/result • Hapsburg rulers/government of • Compromise of 1867/results • Vienna/capital of • Budapest/capital of
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Francis Joseph/duties Russia (1800)/characterize Russia (1856)/characterize/main cause Czar Alexander II/reforms emancipation/serfs/date/results Czar Alexander II/fate Czar Alexander III/characterize
5. Nationalism in the United States • U.S. Constitution/ideological commitment> main problem • Federalists/goals • Republicans/goals • War of 1812/results • Andrew Jackson/characterize change • universal male suffrage/definition • slavery/South/reasons • Abolitionism/definition/place of origin • Abraham Lincoln/1860 election/results, • secede/definition/first state to • Confederation Sates of America/members date/result • Emancipation Proclamation/date/result • American Civil War/dates/results
6. The Emergence of a Canadian Nation • Seven Years’ War/result • French/English geographical distribution> result/dates • John Macdonald/goal • British North America Act/result • new government/characterize/leader IV. Culture: Romanticism and Realism 1. Romanticism • definition/relation to enlightenment ideas> characteristics/date • influence on architecture/London example • authors/titles/plot lines • 2 beliefs of romantic artists • famous French painter • famous German composer/characterize> life’s work 2. A • • • • New Age of Science influence of the Industrial Rev. Pasteur/discovery Mendeleyev/accomplishment Faraday/theory
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secularization/definition/significance Darwin/work of 1859 organic evolution/definition/significance natural selection/definition/significance Darwin/work of 1871/significance
3. Realism • definition • relationship w/romanticism • authors/titles • painters/works