Ch. 7.2-Rev.BringReform-Terror.ppt

							Revolution Brings Reform and
           Terror
           Ch. 7.2
    The National Assembly Reforms
                          France
The Rights of Man - Aug. 1789
• National Assembly adopts
  Declaration of the Rights of Man
  and of the Citizen
• Ended all the special rights the 1st
  and 2nd Estates enjoyed
• Revolutionary leaders use the
  slogan, “Liberty, Equality,
  Fraternity”
• For men, not for women
A State-Controlled Church
• National Assembly seizes church
  lands, turns clergy into public
  officials
• This action alarms many peasants,
  who are devout Catholics
• Many opposed the Revolution’s
  reforms
     The National Assembly Reforms
                 France
Louis Tries to Escape
• For months, the assembly
   worked on plans for a new
   govn’t
• Louis, worried about his future
   & attempts to escape France
• Revolutionaries catch the royal
   family near Netherlands’ border
• Louis and Marie Antoinette are
   imprisoned
The Escape attempt
1) Made the King and queen more
   unpopular
2) Decreased the power of the
   king
3) Increased the power of the
   king’s enemies
A Limited Monarchy   Divisions Develop
• In September 1791, National Assembly
   finishes new constitution
• A constitutional monarchy is formed in
   France (for awhile) taking away most of the
   King’s power
• Legislative Assembly—new body created
   to pass laws (the National Assembly turned
   over power)
Factions Split France
• Major problems, including debt, food
   shortages remain
Assembly split into
• Radicals – wanted sweeping changes in the
   way govn’t was run
• Moderates – wanted some change in govn’t
• Conservatives - wanted a limited monarchy
   and few changes in govn’t
Groups outside of the Assembly wanted
   influence:
• Émigrés—nobles who flee country, want Old
   Regime back in power (i.e. Nobles)
• Sans-culottes (w/o short pants)—lower
   class (wage earners and small shopkeepers)
   who want more change from the Revolution
   and a greater voice in govn’t
                 War and Execution
What caused French people to
   take extreme measures?
Problems with Other Countries
• Austrians and Prussians want
   Louis XVI in charge of France;
   France declares war
France at War
• Prussian forces soon threaten
   to attack Paris, France
• The French people thought the
   King and Queen were planning
   on helping the enemy
• Mob breaks into prisons and
   released the inmates
• killed over 1,000, including
   many nobles who support king
• Pressured by mob, Legislative
   Assembly deposes the king
   then dissolves the assembly
• National Convention takes
   office in September, forming
   French republic
       continued War and Execution
Jacobins Take Control
• Jacobins—radical political
  organization behind 1792
  governmental changes
• *The Monarchy was deposed &
  abolished in Aug. 1792. The Royal
  Family was imprisioned
• Declared Louis XVI a common citizen
  and tried for treason
• After a close vote, Louis XVI is found
  guilty of treason and beheaded (Jan.
  1793)
  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gv
  NxAVaGtaA
• Guillotine—machine designed during
  the Revolution to behead people

• National convention order thousands
  of people into the army
      Robespierre Assumes Control

Robespierre Assumes Control
Maximilien Robespierre—Jacobin
  leader rules France for a year
• Becomes leader of the Committee for
  Public Safety, a dictator
Reign of Terror (1793 – 1794) —
  Robespierre’s rule, which includes
  killing many opponents “enemies of
  the Rev.”
• Thousands die during the Terror,
  including former allies and Marie
  Antoinette
• 85 percent of those who die during
  the Terror are middle or lower class
            Reign of Terror
• Marie Antoinette was
  convicted of treason
  executed (Oct. 1793)
http://www.youtube.com
  /watch?v=ls6HiYVkt0
  M&feature=related&s
  afety_mode=true&per
  sist_safety_mode=1
End of the Terror
         Another Change in Government
         • In July 1794, Robespierre
           arrested, executed ending the
           Reign of Terror
         • Terror results in public opinion
           shifting away from radicals
         • Over 40,000 die
         Moderate leaders write new
           constitution
         • Two-house legislature and five-
           man Directory restore order
         New government makes Napoleon
           Bonaparte commander of
           armies
      Whatever Happened to
         Robespierre?
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=agMMD
  I-84bk&feature=related