History Of Compact Disc

							CD’s and DVD’s
           CD’s and DVD’s
► The following presentation is intended for
 the layperson who only wants to know how
 to use CD’s and DVD’s.

► Theprimary focus of this presentation will
 be CD’s although DVD’s will be briefly
 addressed.


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             CD’s and DVD’s
► History:
   The Compact Disc, and more specifically audio
    compact disc (CD-DA), was introduced to the
    market in 1982 (Japan) by the Philips and Sony
    Corporations as an alternative to the vinyl disc
    and audio cassette.

   Beethoven’s 5th Symphony established the
    capacity of the first audio CD’s.
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               CD’s and DVD’s
► History:   (conti.)
   In 1984 both companies extended the
    technology so it can be used to store and
    retrieve data and so the CD-ROM was born.

   In 1990 again Philips and Sony expanded the
    technology and created the recordable compact
    disc (CD-R). Up to then, the CD-ROMs were
    manufactured by industrial stamping with a
    master made from the original.
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                 CD’s and DVD’s
► History:   (conti.)
   In 1991 the Pioneer Corporation began development of
    a new Digital Video Disc format. During this time
    significant advances in software development, specialty
    compression algorithms for video applications were
    developed so that the CD disk size could be maintained.

   In 1995 Sony led a 9 company consortium to introduce
    a standard for recordable DVDs. Today, though, the
    DVD recordable is not standardized and two types of
    systems coexists: DVD-R and DVD+R.
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                  CD’s and DVD’s
►   CDs and DVDs although they look the same they are all
    different.

►   On each disk is a media descriptor that tells the computer
    what type of disk it is.

►   CD-Rs technically WORMs (Write Once Read Many) are
    once written too and are read-only. Approximate capacity
    is 80 minutes of audio or 700 MB of data.

►   CD-RWs are read writeable (or reusable) and with proper
    software can be used like a floppy disk. Approximate
    capacity is 74 minutes of audio or 650 MB of data.
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                CD’s and DVD’s
► CD   Formats:
   CD-DA (Compact Disk – Digital Audio), the original
    format, is a variable length file format and is used
    exclusively for audio.
   The files (Tracks) are a digital representation of audio.
   Its specification is defined in what is called the “Red
    Book”.




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                CD’s and DVD’s
► CD   Formats: (conti.)
   CD-FS (Compact Disk – File System) is also a variable
    length file format and is used to store computer data
    files.
   Its specification is defined in what is called the “Yellow
    Book”.




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                CD’s and DVD’s
► CD   Formats: (conti.)
   CD-RW (Compact Disk Rewritable) disks, depending on
    how they are formatted, can be either a variable file
    length, as the CD-R, or a fixed file length (packet) as
    floppy disks.
   Its specification is defined in what is called the “Orange
    Book”.
   Other types of CD formats are VCD (Video CD), PCD
    (Photo CD), CD-I and other proprietary formats.


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► CD-RW   disk formats:
  CD-RW disks can be formatted two ways:
    ►Streaming (variable length) – files are added as in
     the same way as CD-Rs are. Only erasure of the
     entire disk is possible (reusable).
    ►Packet (fixed length) – uses the same architecture as
     floppy disks and require packet writing software
     (UDF) such as Direct CD, CD-In.




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              CD’s and DVD’s
► Equipment:
   CD-R drives, the original, will only read CDs.
   CD-RW drives, besides reading CDs can also write to
    CDs. Making separate drives in a computer redundant.
   DVD-R drives will only read CDs and DVDs. Most drives
    will read both DVD standards.
   DVD-RW drives, will read and write to both CDs and
    DVDs.
   CD-RW/DVD combo drives, will both read and write to
    CDs as well as read DVDs.

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               CD’s and DVD’s
► Equipment:     (conti.)
   When buying a CD burner or DVD burner make sure it is
    “Burn Proof” or has a “write cache”. This will minimize
    the making of coasters (unusable CDs). Also buy a good
    quality unit.




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               CD’s and DVD’s
► Software:
   Microsoft’s Operating System (XP) includes the software
    needed to read either CD’s and DVDs.
   CD and DVD writing (burning) require special software.
    Such as:
     ►Nero
     ►Easy Media Creator (formally known as Easy CD
       Creator.
     ►NTI



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