Weather Forecasting

							Weather Maps
What are they used for?
How do we make them?

                Bob Howell - Manager
                Greenwood Weather Services Centre


               Meteorological Service of Canada
  The Job of the Meteorologist:
• To understand the atmospheric processes
  responsible for the weather,
• To communicate that understanding in a
  manner tailored to the needs of “the client”
            Weather Maps:
• Help us organize and process information,
• Help us communicate the weather situation
• To accomplish both these requirements the
  weather map must therefore show not only
  the clouds, precipitation, temperatures etc,
• but also the structures associated with the
  processes that create them.
Weather Map Format:
           • Pressure centres
             and patterns show
             air movements
           • Fronts depict air
             mass boundaries
             and help show
             heating and cooling
             processes
To Create a Weather Map:
     We need Data!
                 • Conventional
                   reports from
                   surface
                   stations
To Create a Weather Map:
     We need Data!
                 • Upper air
                   reports from
                   weather
                   balloons
To Create a Weather Map:
     We need Data!
                   • Processed
                     depictions
                     of reported
                     and forecast
                     data
To Create a Weather Map:
     We need Data!
                 • Satellite
                   Images
To Create a Weather Map:
     We need Data!
                 • Radar
To Create a Weather Map:
     We need Data!
                 • Data from
                   other sensors
                       Data Flow
Winnipeg      256K
                                          Data received via
                     Greenwood           landline and Satellite feeds
   Trenton                                Several Gigabytes flow
             256K
                              512K
                                         per day:
                512K
                                                Text
  Halifax            512K
                                             Charts     / Maps
                            CMC Dorval
                                                Radar
                                             Satellite   Images
                                             Lightning     Data
                                             Binary     data files
Weather Maps - Creating a
    Surface Analysis
Weather Maps - Creating a
    Surface Analysis
Weather Maps - Creating a
    Surface Analysis
Weather Maps - Creating a
    Surface Analysis
Weather Maps - Creating a
    Surface Analysis
Weather Maps - Creating a
    Surface Analysis
   Useful URL’s
http://www.ems.psu.edu/~fraser/BadMeteorology.html
http://www.cmc.ec.gc.ca/
http://weather.ec.gc.ca/ensemble/index_e.html

http://www.ec.gc.ca/air/introduction_e.cfm

http://www.atl.ec.gc.ca/weather/ozone.html

 http://www.epa.gov/airnow/canada/
        Meteorologist Careers
• Graduation with Degree or Diploma in
  Meteorology
     • (UBC, U of A, UQAM, Dalhousie)
• ~8 months Operational Training
     • Hailfax, Montreal, Edmonton
• Internship training at a Weather Centre
     • 2 months first level
     • 18 months more to certification
• Relocation to another Centre
             Meteorologist Careers
• Graduation with Degree or Diploma in Meteorology
     • (UBC, U of A, UQAM, Dalhousie)
• ~8 months Operational Training
     • Halifax, Montreal, Edmonton
• Internship training at a Weather Centre
     • 2 months first level
     • 18 months more to certification
• Relocation to another Centre
Approx 500 operational meteorologists
       working at centres in:
 •   Vancouver, Kelowna,
 •   Edmonton, Calgary, Winnipeg,
 •   Thunder Bay, Ottawa, Toronto,
 •   Montreal, Quebec, Rimouski,
 •   Fredericton, Dartmouth, Gander,
 •   Comox, Trenton, Halifax, Greenwood
      Pay Scale
MT - METEOROLOGY GROUP ANNUAL RATES OF PAY
MT-1   23796 to    34414
MT-2   38046 40059 420777 44091 46109 48130   50145   52157
MT-3   52029 54039 56037 58044 60043 62039    65350
MT-4   53318 55487 57601 59501 61301 63102    65777   68455
MT-5   58928 60985 62872 64757 66648 68539    71233   73930
MT-6   64198 66291 68383 70481 72581 76213    79844
MT-7   69853 72182 74510 76834 79159 82695    86231
 Useful URL’s
http://emplois.gc.ca/jobs/p021039e.htm

http://www.msc.ec.gc.ca/jobs_emplois/index_e.cfm