1990s - Faculty

							Max Brittenham, Irina Kuchevski & Meredith Mahr-Edmunds
1. Oklahoma City Bombing (1995)
2. Columbine High School Shooting (1999)
3. September 11 Attacks (2001)
4. Iraq War (2003 – Present)
5. Hurricane Katrina (2005)
• April 19, 1995
• Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building
• Timothy McVeigh & Terry Nichols
• 168 dead, 800+ injured
• Congress passes Antiterrorism and
Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996
• The attack led to improvements in
engineering for the purpose of
constructing buildings that would be
better able to withstand tremendous
forces
• Deadliest Act of Terrorism in the
United States until September 11,
2001
• April 20, 1999
• 24 injured, 15 deaths (including the shooters
and one teacher)
• Crimes committed by Eric Harris and Dylan
Klebold
• Debate in regard to gun control laws, the
availability of firearms and gun violence within
American culture
    o Music, movies, video games, and internet
    use also came into question
    o Violent music (Marilyn Manson, Eminem,
    etc.) blamed for influencing the behavior of
    the individuals who commit these crimes
    o Retaliation from the music industry

•Virginia Tech Shooting – Seung-Hui Cho
• 33 dead (including Cho), 23 wounded
• People believe it is becoming a trend in the
United States
• 2,974 died
• World Trade Center 2,603 (American Airlines
Flight 11, 88) (United Airlines Flight 175, 59)
• Pentagon 125 (American Airlines Flight 77, 59)
• Shanksville – United Airlines Flight 93 40
• Attack on our freedoms
• President Bush declares “a war on terrorism”
• Proceeds to raid the Middle East to arrest
members of Al-Qaeda, hunt for Osama Bin Laden
• Leads to hate crimes within the US
• Anti-terrorist movement (security measures,
media etc)
• Overthrow the Taliban rule in Afghanistan
• Increased military readiness  Homeland
Security Act and Patriot Act instated to ensure
security against terrorist attacks
• Increased nationalism, pride, sympathy etc.
• Conflict began in March, 2003
• Iraq was believed to possess and be
actively developing weapons of mass
destruction by President George W. Bush,
Prime Minister Tony Blair and other world
leaders
• Requires the occupation of Iraq by
American troops
• Overthrow Saddam Hussein and help Iraq
to install a new government to benefit their
own human rights and their society in
general
• Topics have created controversy around
the world  are we dealing with the war in a
decent manner?
• Are we actually accomplishing the goals we
had set before we entered Iraq?
• Formed on August 23, 2005  lasted until
August 31
• The costliest and one of the five deadliest
hurricanes in the history of the United States
• First touched down in the Bahamas, before
moving onto Florida and up the Gulf of Mexico
• 1,836 casualties
• Greatest damage done to New Orleans, LA
because of the collapse of the levee system 
caused worse flooding to the area
• Approximately $86 Billion in damage
• Winds reached 175 mph
• Reaction of disgust towards the government for
not dealing with the situation in an efficient and
effective manner
• Many hip-hop artists, including Jay-Z and Lil
Wayne spoke out against the President and the
government in regard to their “reaction” to the
devastation
          A Breakdown of Music
   1990-1992
         Techno, House, Hip-Hop
   Late1992-1995
         Grunge and literally Alternative Rock
   1995-1997
         Happy Rock
   1997-2000
         Bubblegum Pop
   2000-2007
         Pop, Sexed-up Hip-Hop, Indie, Alternative Rock
         Popular Artists of the 90s
   Michael Jackson
   Madonna
   AC/DC
   Aerosmith
   Spice Girls
   Green Day
   Metallica
   Nirvana
   Oasis
   U2
   Dave Matthews Band
   Eminem
   Boy Bands
            98 Degrees, N*Sync, Backstreet Boys
   Bruce Springstein
   Britney Spears
   Christina Aguilera
    Top 20 Performers in the 90s
                               U2
   Nirvana
                               Stone Temple Pilots
   Pearl Jam
                               Dave Matthews Band
   Metallica
                               Soundgarden
   Smashing Pumpkins
                               Rage Against the
   Radiohead                   Machine
   Green Day                  Live
   Oasis                      Bush
   Red Hot Chili Peppers      KoRn
   Limp Bizkit                Offspring
   Creed                      Eminem
                               Blink 182
       Billboard Charts 2000-2002
                 Hot 100
   2000
          Faith Hill
          Santana
          Joe
          Vertical Horizon
   2001
          Lifehouse
          Alicia Keys
          Janet Jackson
          Train
          Jennifer Lopez/Ja Rule
   2002
          Nickelback
          Ashanti
          Nelly
          The Calling
       Billboard Charts 2003-2005
                 Hot 100
   2003
          50 Cent
          R. Kelly
          Sean Paul
          Beyonce/Jay-Z
          Three Doors Down
   2004
          Usher
          Alicia Keys
          Maroon 5
          Outkast
   2005
          Mariah Carey
          Gwen Stefani
          Mario
          Kelly Clarkson
          Ciara
Music & History
  An Interaction
       The Past 10-15 Years

   Music a reflection of changing values
    of American people.

   Music influences society


   Ex: Grunge bands starting trends such as
    flannel clothing.
   Late 1990’s- rise of hip hop

   Artists express dissatisfaction with
    society’s problems.
   After many wars, artists protest
    through their music.
   Over time, branches of music
    become more politicized, others
    became less meaningful, focused on
    the financial aspects.
       Music Attempts To Make A
              Difference?
   http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ITZZ6-
    qCYIE

   (“Dear Mr. President”)

   The song addresses issues such as
    poverty, homelessness, war, and
    homosexuality. All of these issues are a
    source of contention in today’s society.
                …or not?
   http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T
    -99HbI8zec

   (Fergie’s “Fergalicious”)

   Fergie glamorizes her own sex
    appeal and describes the way men
    want her body– pure entertainment.
   Green Day “American Idiot”

   “Don’t want to be an American idiot. /One nation
    controlled by the media. / Information age of
    hysteria. / I’m calling out to idiot America.

   Reference to media’s increasing presence in our
    every day lives.
   Society’s current events and shifting
    values shape the material of the
    artists, who produce songs that both
    reflect today’s values & try to change
    them.
    Modern society has had a gradual
    shift towards the concept of instant
    gratification.
              Conclusions
   Some artists are embracing the trend
    of instant gratification and profiting
    from it.




   Others are voices of cultural change.
    Encouraging awareness and activism.
         Further Conclusions
   The 1990’s saw the emergence of
    boy bands that sang about sappy,
    commercialized love.




   But also, hip-hop artists that voiced
    concerns about the real issues-
    poverty, violence, etc.
   Today the music has evolved, but
    the patterns of profit vs. conscience
    remain the same.

   Some artists seem to be after
    entertainment value, while others
    seek to make a difference.
What are your thoughts?
    Questions for Thought/Discussion
   Is music meaningful in today’s
    society?

   How has music evolved in the last
    10-15 years?