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Ministry of New and
Renewable Energy, GoI
Site Selection and Site Planning
GRIHA Evaluators and Trainers Programme
TERI
India Habitat Centre
Lodhi Road, New Delhi
2011.08.01
And So is also stated in Ancient Culture
A quote from Vishnu Purana states: "As the wide-
spreading nargodha (Sanskrit for banyan) tree is
compressed in a small seed, So at the time of dissolution,
the whole universe is comprehended in Thee as its germ;
as the nargodha germinates from the seed, and becomes
just a shoot and then rises into loftiness, so the created
world proceeds from Thee and expands into magnitude.”
Constitution’s Forty Second Amendment
In 1976, under the leadership of the then Prime Minister, Smt. Indira
Gandhi, the Constitution (Forty Second Amendment) Act was passed and
the provisions relating to the protection of environment for the first time
were incorporated by adding a new provision Article 48-A in the Chapter,
Directive Principles of State Policy.
According to Article 48-A “the State shall Endeavour to protect and
improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of
the country”.
Further, a new provision Article 51-A in the form of “Fundamental Duties”
was also incorporated by the 42nd Amendment. According to the sub-
clause (g) of Art. 51-A, “it shall be the duty of every citizen of India to
protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes,
rivers and wildlife and to have compassion for living creatures”. The
above two provision impose two-fold responsibilities. On the one hand, it
gives directive to the State for protection and improvement of environment,
and on the other hand it casts/imposes a duty on every citizen to help in the
preservation of natural environment.
What goes into sustainable site planning?
Compliance and Appraisal
The following documents will be submitted. Maximum points 1 - partly mandatory
1.2.1 Document to prove conformity to 1.3.1 The site plan must be in
the development plan/master conformity to the development plan /
plan/UDPFI guidelines. master plan / UDPFI guidelines
1.2.2 Site plan (one AutoCAD (mandatory). This should also comply with the
provisions of the eco-sensitive zone regulations, coastal
[computer aided design] drawing) zone regulations, heritage areas (identified in the master
showing the site and its surrounding plan or issued separately as guidelines), water body
zones (in such zones, no construction is permitted in the
areas (up to 2 km radius) water spread and buffer belt of 30 m minimum around the
FTL), various hazard prone area regulations, and others if
1.2.3 Site plan (one Auto CAD
the site falls under any such area (mandatory
drawing) showing the site connectivity
to public transport corridors and with no point allocation).
details of the existing site and/or its 1.3.2 The site should be located within
feasibility to be converted for ½ km radius of an existing bus stop
redevelopment if the selected site is a commuter rail, light rail or metro
brown field site. station and/or select Brownfield site (to
rehabilitate damaged sites where
development is hindered by
environmental contamination, thereby
reducing pressure on undeveloped
land. (1 point)
Compliance and Appraisal
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How can a ‘green building’ be built?
By ensuring the site conditions complement the thermal and visual comfort
requirements of the building (very low-cost intervention)
By adopting sound architectural practices and taking examples from
India’s traditional architecture (very low-cost intervention)
By following India’s national codes and standards (low-cost intervention)
By following regional development plans (such as the master plan) and
local building by-laws (low-cost intervention)
By adopting locally available construction materials and giving impetus to
local arts, crafts, architecture and artisans (low-cost intervention)
By reducing the resource consumption of the building and its inhabitants
so that the waste generating there-from is reduced (low-cost intervention)
By adopting energy efficient technologies and equipments (High-cost
intervention)
By adopting renewable energy technology applications to reduce the
demand on conventional energy (High-cost intervention)
BUT HOW DOES ONE KNOW WHAT COMBINATION OF THE ABOVE
FACTORS CAN HELP ATTAIN THE ‘GREENEST’ POSSIBLE BUILDING?
NBC Part 0 – Integrated Design Approach
This section is titled ‘prerequisite to the successful
application of the code’
It calls for an approach to design and construction that
includes all the consultants from the beginning itself
This drastically reduces later confusion (time and material
overruns and increased project costs)
What to refer to for sustainable site planning
UDPFI guidelines
Chapter 6 – Contents of plans of Projects/Schemes
Appendix A – Simplified planning techniques
Appendix B – Norms and Standards
National Building Code 2005 sections
Part 3 – Development Control Rules and general building
requirements
Part 10 – Landscape, signs and outdoor display structures
Site Selection
The Intention
Site selection and analysis should be carried out to create
living spaces that are in harmony with the local
environment.
The development of a project should not cause damage to
the natural surroundings of the site but,
should try to improve it by restoring its balance.
Thus, site selection should be carried out in light of a
holistic perspective of land use, development intensity,
social well-being, and preservation of the environment.
Points to be considered for site selection
The selected site should be in conformity with the development
plan/master plan/UDPFI (Urban Development Plans Formulation and
Implementation) guidelines (mandatory).
This should comply with the provisions of
eco-sensitive zone regulations,
coastal zone regulations,
heritage areas (identified in the master plan or issued separately as
specific guidelines),
water body zones (in such zones, no construction is permitted in the
water-spread and buffer belt of 30 m minimum around the FTL [full
tank level]),
various hazard prone area regulations,
and others if the site falls under any such area.
Site planning
Gurgaon 2006
Gurgaon 2010
Lavasa 2004
Lavasa 2010
And So is also stated in Ancient Culture
In the Charak Sanhita, destruction of forests is taken as
destruction of the state, and reforestation an act of
rebuilding the state and advancing its welfare. Protection
of animals is considered a sacred duty.
Basic amenities around a site
The selected site should be located within ½ km radius of
an existing bus stop,
commuter rail, light rail or metro station and/or
select brownfield site (to rehabilitate damaged sites where
development is hindered by environmental contamination,
thereby reducing pressure on undeveloped land).
Other requirements
Medical facilities
Grocery store
Bank / ATM
Vegetable shops
Places of worship
Health facilities
Understanding site selection
Site selection process includes analysis of land-use,
ecosystem and diversity history and heritage, urban
context and environmental considerations.
Land use
Suitability: The proposed building/s should be in
conformity with
Designated use on the ‘development plan’
Or the land-use zones in which they fall (as specified by the
‘master plan’).
And the ‘development regulations’ of that area as well.
Analysis of urban context considerations
Analyse the city form – urban / macro context
Review the potential of views – local / micro context
http://www.lpisd.org/Campuses/bse/new/BayshoreElementarySchool20090520.jpg
Resource and needs assessment of the project should be
done at the pre-design stage.
Issues which need to be identified at the pre-design and
site selection stage are
Proximity or remoteness of the site from existing
transportation corridors, and its ability to match the needs
of the building owner, users, and their occupancy patterns.
Natural resources, geographical features, solar path,
vegetation, and identification of on-site sources and sinks
connectivity to infrastructure and public transport network,
power requirement and power source,
water requirement and water source, and
waste management on the site
If these issues are given a thought at the site selection
stage itself, the expenditure incurred on them (eventually)
can be minimized, along with their energy consumption.
Points and Evaluation
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Preserve & protect existing landscape
(NBC Part 10 – Landscaping, signs and outdoor display
structures)
Select proper timing for the construction activity to
minimize site disturbance such as soil pollution due to
spilling of the construction material and its mixing with
rainwater.
This can help prevent additional expenditure on
de-watering of site,
wastage of materials getting washed away with the rains
Stabilization of excavated area’s sides
11th November, 2000
12th October, 2003
2009
Site planning
JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL
S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S
MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST
S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S
SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER
S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S
Interiors and finishing
works only. No external /
structural work.
Use staging and spill prevention and control plan to restrict the spilling of the contaminated
material on-site.
Other useful resources from site
Top soil is often excavated by us and discarded and then
fresh top soil is taken from another site to be brought onto
our sites, and we pay for the fresh top soil
So…
Protect the topsoil from erosion
Use collection storage and reapplication of the topsoil,
sediment basin,
contour trenching,
mulching, and
soil stabilization methods
to protect the topsoil from erosion during construction.
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Construction site management
Specify and limit construction activity in pre-planned and pre-
designated areas.
Advantages
Reduction of wastage (of materials, time, man-power, etc.)
Protection of the ecology (reducing unnecessary site
clearing)
Reduction of spill-over from the site, pollution control, etc.
Efficient movement on site with due concern for safety.
Eventually leading to saving money
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NBC Part 10, Section 4 Protection of Landscape
during construction
Preserve existing mature trees on-site during the course
of construction by preserving and transplanting them.
Compensate the loss of trees due to the construction
activity by compensatory plantation. Replant the same
number of mature or fully-grown trees as eliminated
during the construction of the proposed landscape
design. Replant the same native and/or non-invasive
species, which existed on the site before elimination, in
the proportion of 1:3.
Plant in excess of 25% to the requirement prescribed in
commitment 2.1.6 within the site premises (plantation to
follow same criteria as above).
And So is also stated in Ancient Culture
The Varah Purana says, "One who plants one peepal, one
neem, one bar, ten flowering plants or creepers, two
pomegranates, two oranges and five mangos, does not go
to hell."
Compliance
The following documents are to be submitted
2.2.1 Certificate of architect confirming proper timing of construction.
2.2.2 CAD drawing showing site plan of existing and proposed buildings, existing vegetation, existing
slopes, and drainage pattern. Demarcate areas on the site plan to which site activities will be limited.
2.2.3 Site plan showing staging and spill prevention measures, erosion and sedimentation control
measures.
2.2.4 Post construction document describing with photographs that other areas have not been
disrupted during construction; records to show erosion and sedimentation control measures adopted.
This shall be time-lined.
2.2.5 Site plan (one CAD drawing) along with a narrative to demarcate areas on site from which top
soil has to be gathered, designated area where it will be stored, measures adopted for top soil
preservation.
2.2.6 One CAD drawing of proposed landscape plan with identified trees (different colour coding for
protected, preserved, transplanted, removed trees) corresponding to the existing tree survey table (to
be included in the drawing), existing and new buildings, proposed site drainage pattern. Explain in
brief measures adopted for protecting existing landscape (limit to 250 words).
2.2.7 Certificate of landscape architect confirming protection and preservation of existing trees.
2.2.8 Landscape plan, clearly highlighting the trees removed areas (indicating the number of trees), if
applicable, with the number of replanted trees in the proportion of 1:3 in the proposed landscape
design. List details about species, which existed, and the species that have been replanted on-site.
2.2.9 Landscape plan to show that plantation in excess of 25% than minimum requirement has been
done.
Appraisal
Maximum points 5 - partly mandatory, if applicable
2.3.1 Ensure proper timing of construction with respect to rain, and
2.3.2 Confine construction activity to pre-designated areas (1 point).
2.3.3 Proper implementation of staging and spill prevention plan and
2.3.4 Effective erosion and sedimentation control to prevent erosion, (1 point).
2.3.5 Preserve top soil by employing suitable measures (1 point).
Non Applicability condition: Contaminated sites/sites that do not have good quality top soil (as
per soil test report) that is considered worth storing for reuse. Soil test has to be carried out as
per criteria 3 and the test report has to be endorsed by the landscape architect. The landscape
architect has to provide certificate that the top soil is not worth storing for landscaping
purposes and cannot be restored to applicable standard.
2.3.6 Preserve existing vegetation by means of non-disturbance or damage to the trees and
other form of vegetation, Or
2.3.7 Trees/plants replanted within site premises in ratio of 1:3, (1 point – mandatory).
Non Applicability condition: Sites that are devoid of trees.
2.3.8 Trees/shrubs replanted within site in excess of 25% than minimum requirement (1
point).
Non Applicability condition: Sites that are devoid of trees.
Note If mandatory points are not complied, other points in this criterion will not be considered.
Soil conservation (till post-construction)
Commitment
Ensure adequate fertility of the soil to support vegetative
growth.
Ensure adequate top soil laying for vegetative growth.
Ensure stabilization of soil in areas where the topsoil is
vulnerable to erosion.
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Compliance and Appraisal
The following documents to be submitted. Maximum points 2
3.2.1 Site contour plan (one CAD 3.3.1 Proper top soil laying for
drawing) showing drainage pattern vegetative growth (1 point)
and demarcating (a) areas where top 3.3.2 Proper stabilization of soil (1
soil laying is done, and (b) area where point)
vegetation cover is provided for top Non Applicability condition: For sites in
soil protection. which top soil could not be stored for
3.2.2 Narrative explaining the methods reasons as cited in Criterion 2.
of soil stabilization used; wherever
required, accompanied by
photographs with brief description.
3.2.3 Certificate by the landscape
architect on topsoil laying, soil
stabilization, and adequate primary
soil nutrient and pH [(supported by test
results performed at Indian Council of
Agricultural Research (ICAR) –
accredited laboratory].
Criterion 4: Design to include existing site features
4.1 Commitment
4.1.1 Carry out a comprehensive site analysis to identify
site characteristics that can be used to harness natural
resources (like solar energy, wind, and water) and the
potential qualities of the landforms that could contribute
to making different areas of the site visually and thermally
more comfortable for users.
4.1.2 Locate various activities of the scheme after careful
site analysis and assessment so as to protect ecologically
sensitive areas and reduce damage to the natural
ecosystem.
4.1.3 Identify areas of the site that were damaged during
construction and take steps to mitigate the harm and
improve the natural site conditions.
Buildings as a ‘third skin’
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Image source: http://www.tribuneindia.com
http://www.eac.edu/events/images/Eskimos.jpg
http://www.flickr.com/photos/26035026@N06/2706293388/
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Young_Maori_man
http://student.britannica.com/elementary/art/print?id=87518&articleTypeId=0 _dancing.jpg/398px-Young_Maori_man_dancing.jpg
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http://www.traderscity.com/abcg/pic1.htm
Fortunately we have culture…
Culture is born of the climate
The climate dictates our
Food (Kerala, Rajasthan, Shillong, Manipur, J&K,
Bengal)
Clothing (Kerala, Rajasthan, Shillong, Manipur, J&K,
Bengal)
Festivals (Kerala, Rajasthan, Shillong, Manipur, J&K,
Bengal)
Dance forms (Kerala, Rajasthan, Shillong, Manipur, J&K,
Bengal)
Architecture (Kerala, Rajasthan, Shillong, Manipur, J&K,
Bengal)
Social traditions (Kerala, Rajasthan, Shillong, Manipur, J&K,
Bengal)
Colours (Kerala, Rajasthan, Shillong, Manipur, J&K,
Bengal)
Etc.
Site inventory
characteristics Building design element Site design element
Building layout for solar orientation Location of green and paved areas
Location of windows, entrances, and loading docks Selection of vegetation and integration with the native
Geographical latitude and landscape
microclimatic factors such
Location of air inlets Biodiversity
as wind loads
Architectural elevations Use of landscape elements as buffer zones
Surface to volume ratios
Building proportions Gravity-fed sewer lines
Topography and adjacent Wind loads Land filling
landforms Architectural elevations Natural site features for rain/storm water drainage
Drainage strategies Location of groundwater detention ponds
Building position for daylighting, photovoltaics, and Location of energy-efficient features such as solar
solar passive techniques pond
Solar access Construction of walls Placement of selective species of trees (such as
deciduous trees on the south of the site)
Selection of building materials and finishing
Foundation type Structural specifications Structural considerations for site landscaping like
Geologic and seismic data
retaining walls and fixed seating
Soil types, textures, and Foundation design and location Site-grading procedures that minimize erosion
load-bearing capacity Plant selections as per soil type
Placement of wind towers Site layout of building structures to trap wind for
ventilation
Air movement patterns
Location of fenestration on the basis of pressure
differentials, passive solar cooling design
Parcel shape and access Planning for the capacity to accommodate the Marking the potential access points that do not burden
with adjacent land use and proposed development the lower density or adjacent land use
buildings
Neighbouring or proposed Design flexibility for future extension Location of utility and infrastructure for future
future developments extension
(http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3299/3579493519_13c5002837_b.jpg
Compliance and Appraisal
The following documents to be submitted. Maximum points 4
4.2.1 Provide drawings along with a If all compliances are fulfilled (4
narrative to demonstrate that the points)
zoning of areas on-site is appropriate
to existing site features (such as
slopes, vegetation, water bodies, and
other natural formations). Support
these with visual documentation such
as photographs and land survey
records before and after construction.
4.2.2 Carry out detailed site analysis
and provide narrative to demonstrate
sustainable site planning.
Reduce hard paving on-site and/or provide
shaded hard-paved surfaces
NBC PART 9 PLUMBING SERVICES - Section 1 Water
Supply, Drainage and Sanitation (Including Solid Waste
Management)
section 5.5.11 Storm water drainage
Sub section – 5.5.11.2.1 Imperviousness
Total paved area of the site under parking, roads, paths or
any other use should not exceed 25% of the site area or
net imperviousness of the site not to exceed the
imperviousness factor as prescribed by the NBC 2005
(BIS 2005b), whichever is more stringent.
Google Earth - Kalkaji
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Treatment of paved surfaces
Total surface parking should not exceed the area as
permissible under the local by-law and more than 50% of
the paved area to have
pervious paving / open-grid pavement / grass paver or
a minimum 50% of the paved area (including parking) to
have shading by vegetated roof/pergola with planters or
a minimum 50% of the paved area (including parking) to be
topped with finish having solar reflectance of 0.5 or higher.
Site area= 12500 m2
Building Footprint= 500 m2
Road= 1050 m2
Pedestrian Walkway= 145 m2
Surface Parking= 60 m2
Landscape walkway= 608 m2
Hard paving around the
building= 935 m2
Paved area % = Impervious area on ground / (total site area-building
footprint)
= 2798 / (12500-500)
= 23%
Compliance
The following may be submitted.
5.2.1 Calculations to support design commitment, as per following equations (1–6)
Net impervious area on ground (sq. m.) x 100
Net paved area (%) =
Total site area minus building footprint (sq. m.) eq.(1)
Impervious paved area on-site to include parking, driveways, sidewalks, roads, boundary wall, often
plazas walkways, etc. Exclude areas that have pervious paving (grass pavers, open grid pavements,
gravel paving, etc.) Total site area is an area of plot used for calculation of floor area ratio / floor space
index.
Net imperviousness of site (m2) = Surface area × Runoff coefficient Eq.(2)
Net imperviousness of site as per eq.2(m2) x 100
Imperviousness (%) =
Total site area(m2) eq.(3)
(Pervious paving+paving with vegetated roof/shading+paving with high SRI ) > 50%
Eq.(4)
Total Paved area
5.2.2 Site plan with area statements clearly showing all paved areas (paved areas should be labelled
as per use, e.g. walkways, driveways, parking, sit out etc.).
Demarcate areas that have vegetated roof. Provide details of vegetated roof.
In case high reflectance surface is provided, submit details of reflectance of surface finish.
Demarcate areas having previous paving.
5.2.3 Certificate by Architect to certify that total surface parking does not exceed local bylaw.
Appraisal
Maximum points – 2 - partly mandatory
5.3.1 Net paved area of site under parking, roads, paths, or any other use not to
exceed 25% of site area or net imperviousness of site should not exceed the
imperviousness factor as prescribed by National Building Code 2005, Part 9
(Plumbing services) section 5.5.11.2.1, whichever is more stringent. As per clause
equation 1 and equation 4 (Reference documents: 5.2.1 and 5.2.2) (1 point)
5.3.2 Total surface parking not to exceed as permitted by local bylaw (mandatory)
and
more than 50% of the total paved area to have pervious paving/open grid
pavement/grass pavers (equation 4), or
minimum 50% of the total paved area (including parking) to have shading by
vegetated roof/pergola with planters (equation 4), or
minimum 50% of the total paved area (including parking) to be topped with finish
with solar reflectance of 0.5 or higher (equation 4). (Reference documents: 5.2.1
and 5.2.2)
Minimum 50 % of total paved area (including parking) to have any combination of
the above mentioned strategies where common area having two or more strategies
shall be calculated only once (equation 4). (1 point)
Plan utilities efficiently and optimize on-site
circulation efficiency
Design a site plan to minimize road length and building
footprint. Shade all pedestrian roads by vegetated
roofs/any other shading devices.
Use aggregate utility corridors.
Consolidate utility corridors along the previously
disturbed areas or along new roads, in order to minimize
unnecessary cutting and trenching and to ensure easy
maintenance. Local codes and requirements for water,
sewer, and electrical/telecommunication lines should be
considered.
Consolidate services, pedestrian, and automobile paths.
“With temperatures now in the 90s, these (shaded) spots will be at a premium.”
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7.2 Compliance
The following documents are to be submitted.
7.2.1 A narrative (maximum 300 words) along with supporting
drawings to prove that road lengths and building footprint are
minimized and that all pedestrian roads have permanent
shading.
7.2.2 Site plan (CAD file) showing section of aggregate utility
corridor with utility lines.
7.2.3 Site plan (CAD file) showing that all services along with
the pedestrian and vehicular paths are consolidated.
Compliance and Appraisal
The following documents will be submitted. Maximum points – 3
7.2.1 A narrative (maximum 300 7.3.1 Demonstrated use of
words) along with supporting drawings minimization and consolidation of
to prove that road lengths and building transportation/service corridors and
footprint are minimized and that all shading of pedestrian roads (1 point).
pedestrian roads have permanent 7.3.2 Use of aggregate utility corridors,
shading. (1 point).
7.2.2 Site plan (CAD file) showing 7.3.3 Consolidation of utility corridors
section of aggregate utility corridor along the previously disturbed areas
with utility lines. or along new roads in order to
7.2.3 Site plan (CAD file) showing that minimize unnecessary cutting and
all services along with the pedestrian trenching and ensure easy
and vehicular paths are consolidated. maintenance (1 point).
Provide minimum level of sanitation / safety
facilities for construction workers
Comply with the safety procedures, norms and guidelines
(as applicable) as outlined in NBC 2005 (BIS 2005c).
Adopt additional best practices and prescribed norms as
in NBC 2005 (BIS 2005).
Provide clean drinking water to all workers.
Provide adequate number of decentralized latrines and
urinals to construction workers.
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Compliance and Appraisal
The following documents will be submitted. Maximum points – 2 - mandatory
8.2.1 Signed letter by competent 8.3.1 Compliance with National
authority (architect/contractor) to Building Code norms on construction
demonstrate compliance with NBC safety for ensuring safety during
2005 (BIS 2005c) and proposed construction (1 point)
additions. 8.3.2 Provision for health and
8.2.2 Proof in the form of relevant sanitation facilities as specified in the
sections of tender document to show criterion (1 point)
that the safety norms and procedures
as committed to be complied with are
included in the scope of work of the
contractor.
8.2.3 Site photographs to demonstrate
compliance by the contractor.
8.2.4 Detailed narrative (not more than
250 words) on provision for safe
drinking water and sanitation facility
for construction workers and site
personnel.
Reduce air pollution during construction
Adopt measures to prevent air pollution in the vicinity of the
site due to construction activities. There is no standard
reference for this.
The best practices (referred in Box 9. 1) should be followed (as
adopted from international best practice documents and
codes).
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Provision in the contract document that the contractor will undertake
the responsibility to prevent air pollution (dust and smoke);
ensure that there will be adequate water supply / storage for dust
suppression;
devise and arrange methods of working and carrying out the work in
such a manner so as to minimize the impact of dust on the
surrounding environment;
and provide experienced personnel with suitable training to ensure
that these methods are implemented.
Prior to the commencement of any work, the methods of working,
plant equipment, and air-pollution-control system to be used on-site
should be made available for the inspection and approval of the
engineer-in-charge to ensure that these are suitable for the project.
Compliance and Appraisal
The following documents will be submitted. Maximum points – 2 - mandatory
9.2.1 Narrative (not more than 300 9.3.1 Demonstrated use of air pollution
words) explaining the air pollution preventive measures (2 points).
preventive measures that have been
adopted on-site. Site photographs
showing different stages of
construction along with preventive
measures to support the claim.
9.2.2 Relevant sections of tender
document showing that air pollution
prevention measures are mandatory
are to be adopted by contractors
during construction.
Thank You
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be printed or presented without the permission of
GRIHA Secretariat
