The Danish Model University Mergers to Meet the Future
Per Holten-Andersen
The Danish Model
Dias 1
Changing the Landscape
I II 1 2 3 4 5 The political level Changing the University Landscape Innovation Act 1999 University Act 2003 University mergers 2007 The road to Barcelona 2008-2012 Competetive basic funding
III
IV
The new University of Copenhagen
Curriculum change since 1773: From Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture to Life Sciences
V
Creating a new University
The Danish Model Dias 2
Changing the landscape – the political level
I Danish Governments – minority governments since 1968…
Liberals, Conservatives Social Democrats Social Democrats, Social-Liberals, Justice-Liberals Social Democrats, Social-Liberals Social Democrats Social-Liberals, Conservatives, Liberals Social Democrats Liberals Social Democrats Social Democrats, Liberals Social Democrats Conservatives, Liberals, Centre Democrats, Christian Democratics 1988 Conservatives, Liberals, Social-Liberals 1990 Conservatives, Liberals 1993 Social Democrats, Social-Liberals, Centre Democrats, Christian Democratics 1994 Social Democrats, Social-Liberals, Centre Democrats 1996 Social Democrats, Social-Liberals ----------------------------------------------------------------------2001 Liberals, Conservatives 2005 Liberals, Conservatives
The Danish Model Dias 3
1950 1953 1957 1960 1964 1968 1971 1973 1975 1978 1979 1982
Changing the Landscape
I II 1 2 3 4 5 The political level Changing the University Landscape Innovation Act 1999 University Act 2003 University mergers 2007 The road to Barcelona 2008-2012 Competetive basic funding
III
IV
The new University of Copenhagen
Curriculum change since 1773: From Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture to Life Sciences
V
Creating a new University
The Danish Model Dias 4
Changing the University Landscape
II-1 1999: Act on inventions at public research institutions
Disclosed inventions at the university/faculty
The Danish Model Dias 5
Changing the University Landscape
II-1 Increased interaction with industry and society Danish Agricultural Council Danish Association of the Pharmaceutical Industry (Lif) Confederation of Danish Industries (DI)
The Danish Model Dias 6
Changing the University Landscape
II-2 2003: New University Act: Self-governing universities
• Strengthening management structure 1. Board with a majority of external members 2. Chairman of board external 3. Management team is appointed, not elected 4. Responsibility linked to persons, not collective bodies (except Academic Council and Study Boards)
• Deregulation of state control of curriculum content
• Deregulation of state rules in general (!)
The Danish Model Dias 7
Changing the University Landscape
II-2 Quotations from The University Act 2003:
• “The Rector shall be an acknowledged researcher within one of the university's academic fields and have knowledge of the educational sector. The Rector shall be an experienced manager and organiser of research environments and have knowledge of a university's activities and relationship with society.” • “The Dean shall be an acknowledged researcher with experience and knowledge of teaching, management and the interaction of a university with society.” • “The Head of Department shall be an acknowledged researcher and have teaching experience.”
The Danish Model Dias 8
Changing the University Landscape
II-3 2007 University and Sector Research mergers: 27 (12+15) 11 (8+3)
2008-2012 Barcelona: + 50 % government funding annually from 2012 2009Competitive basic funding for Universities Competitive basic funding for Sector Research
II-4
II-5
The Danish Model Dias 9
II-3 Danish Universities
University of Aarhus + Aarhus School of Business + Danish Institut for Agricultural Sciences + Danmarks Miljøundersøgelser + Danish School of Education University of Copenhagen + The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University + The Danish University of Pharmaceutical Sciences Technical University of Denmark
+ Research Center Risø + Danish Institute for Food and Veterinary Research + Danish Institute For Fisheries Research + Danish National Space Center + Danish Transport Research Institute
Aalborg University + Danish Building Research Institute
Copenhagen School of Business
IT University of Copenhagen
University of Southern Denmark
+ National Institute of Public Health
Roskilde University
The Danish Model Dias 10
II-3 Danish Universities (2006 figures)
Universities Merger Partners Turnover (mio. kr.) Employees
Total Of this Ac Staff
Number of students
Bach. and Master Ph.d.
1 University of Copenhagen
University of Copenhagen Farmaceutial University Royal Veterinary and Agr. Uni.
University of Aarhus Aarhus Business School DK Institut of Agricultural Sci. National Envir. Research Inst. University of Education Technical University of DK Research Center Risø DK Inst. for Food and Vet. Research DK Nat. Space Center DK Inst. for Fisheries Research DK Transport Research Inst. University of Southern DK National Inst. of Public Health
5.056
(1.170) 3.699
7.462
(1.700)
3.584
(760) 3.317
36.769
(2.900) 28.426
1.771
(400) 1.079
2 University of Aarhus
6.014
3 Technical University of DK
2.881
4.153
2.439
6.274
670
4 University of Southern DK
1.472 1.446
2.212 2.225
1.240 1.371
12.534 10.816
452 504
5 University of Aalborg University of Aalborg University of Southern Denmark DK Building Research Institute + National Institute of Public Health 6 Roskilde University Roskilde University
554
858
524
7.954
205
7 Copenhagen Business School
Copenhagen Business School
807
1.245
704
12.080
201
8 IT University of Copenhagen
IT University of Copenhagen
112
166
93
1.041
38
The Danish Model Dias 11
Changing the University Landscape
II-4 Government-funded research
16.1 billion DKK/year = 2.5 billion Euro/year + 5.2 billion DKK/year = + 47.7 %
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
The Danish Model Dias 12
Changing the University Landscape
II-4 1479 1829 1858 1892 1917 1928 1939 1966 1972 1974 1999 2000 Investing in Danish Universities University of Copenhagen Technical University of Denmark Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University Danish Pharmaceutical University Copenhagen Business School University of Aarhus Aarhus School of Business University of Southern Denmark Roskilde University Aalborg University IT University of Copenhagen Danish University of Education
The Danish Model Dias 13
Changing the Landscape
I II 1 2 3 4 5 The political level Changing the University Landscape Innovation Act 1999 University Act 2003 University mergers 2007 The road to Barcelona 2008-2012 Competetive basic funding
III
IV
The new University of Copenhagen
Curriculum change since 1773: From Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture to Life Sciences
V
Creating a new University
The Danish Model Dias 14
BEFORE
The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University The Pharmaceutical University The University of Copenhagen
THE NEW UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN
8 faculties The largest university in Scandinavia in number of researchers with app. 5,500 researchers (incl. PhD) and 37,000 students.
One of Europe’s largest university clusters within Health and Life Sciences.
The Danish Model Dias 15
The Danish Model Dias 16
Faculty of Theology
Faculty of Social Sciences
Faculty of Science
Rectorate
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Director
Board
Faculty of Life Sciences
Faculty of Law
Central Administration
Faculty of Health Sciences
The Danish Model Dias 17
Faculty of Humanities
Changing the Landscape
I II 1 2 3 4 5 The political level Changing the University Landscape Innovation Act 1999 University Act 2003 University mergers 2007 The road to Barcelona 2008-2012 Competetive basic funding
III
IV
The new University of Copenhagen
Curriculum change since 1773: From Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture to Life Sciences
V
Creating a new University
The Danish Model Dias 18
LIFE M.Sc. programmes – spot the trend?
Veterinary medicine -------------------------------Agricultural sciences Horticultural Sciences Forestry -------------------------------Dairy science Landscape Architecture Food Science Food Economics Environmental Chemistry Human Nutrition Landscape Management Biology - Biotechnology Parasitology Agricultural Development Envir. and Natural Resource Economics Clinical Nutrition Process Analytical Technology (PAT) Sustainable Development in Agriculture (EM) Sustainable Tropical Forestry (EM) Sustainable Forest and Nature Management (EM) Gastronomy and Health Soil, Water and Biodiversity
The Danish Model Dias 19
1773
1858 1863 1863 1921 1960 1971 1992 1995 1996 2000 2002 2002 2002 2003 2004 2006 2006 2006 2006 2007 2007
The trend?
Graduates
100 % 80 % 60 % 40 % 20 % 0% 1773 Food Science Agricultural Science Health Veterinary Medicine
Year
1860 1920 1997 2006 2050
The Danish Model Dias 20
The trend
Graduates
100 % 80 % 60 % 40 % 20 % 0%
10 20 % Food science 60 50 % Natural resources
Clinical Nutrition Human Nutrition Dairy Science Food Science Landscape Management Landscape Architecture Horticultural Sciences Forestry Environmental Chemistry
Environmental and Natural Resource Economics Biology - Biotechnology Agricultural Science Agricultural Economics Agricultural Development Parasitology Veterinary Medicine
30 30 % Veterinary medicine
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
05
19
19
19
20
20
20
20
20
20
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20
06
The trend
Food science Production efficiency
food safety human nutrition and health gastronomy
multifunctional land use
Natural resources Focused primary production Veterinary medicine Production animal health
pet animal health animal models human health and medicine
The Danish Model Dias 22
Changing the Landscape
I II 1 2 3 4 5 The political level Changing the University Landscape Innovation Act 1999 University Act 2003 University mergers 2007 The road to Barcelona 2008-2012 Competetive basic funding
III
IV
The new University of Copenhagen
Curriculum change since 1773: From Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture to Life Sciences
V
Creating a new University
The Danish Model Dias 23
Implementing the new University Act (2003) at LIFE
• •
organisational efficiency leadership at all levels
• • • • dean department heads research groups study programmes
• • •
•
management training programme performance contracts department/dean strategy for internationalisation
enthusiasm & job satisfaction
The Danish Model Dias 24
Thematic packages Scientific potentials 2007
Biggest brainstorm ever?
12 thematic packages
1. Improving livelihood, environment and health conditions in developing countries 2. E- in science 3. Natural resources and the environment 4. Science - ethics and communication 5. The universe of the cell 6. Identities 7. Modern medicine, food and health 8. Creation of societies through demographic movements 9. Future technologies 10. Global challenges 11. Welfare and democracy 12. Pharma, brain, mind
The Danish Model Dias 25