103

							                           PART 1
                       Pages 321-327
MAIN IDEA:              As the nation grew, differences
                        in economic activities & need,
                        increased socialism




  Why sectional differences grew in the 1820’s
  The effect the Monroe Doctrine had on our foreign policy
                        1820
   1816                                   1823
                        Missouri
   James                Compromise        Monroe
   Monroe               passed            Doctrine
   elected                                issued
   President



“If we look to the history of other nations, ancient or modern, we find
no example of growth so rapid, so gigantic, of a people so prosperous
& happy”
                                       - President James Monroe (1817)
Federalist powers were weakened.
Political differences seemed to fade
way. Monroe represented a united
America, free from political strife. He
was a man of the people, going to visit
them as often as he could. In 1820 he
was re-elected for president

Regional differences soon came to the surface ending the
national harmony that was in the country. Many
Americans felt strong allegiance to the region where they
lived. They through of themselves as Westerners or
Southerners or Northerners.
Sectionalism, loyalty to a region,
became more intense as differences
arose over national politics.
Southerners  Slavery important
for economy
Northerners  Did not believe in
Slavery
To protect slavery, the south stressed the
importance of States’ rights that was listed
in the Constitution
The different regions also disagreed on the need for tariffs, a nat’l
bank, and internal improvements. Internal improvements are
federal, state, and privately funded projects such as canals and
roads to help develop the national’s transportation system
Calhoun was a planter from S.
Carolina and was on of the War
Hawks who wanted war with G.
Britain in 1812. He supported
internal improvements and
developing industries, and he
wanted a national bank. But in
1820, his view changed to
supporting state sovereignty,
the idea that states have        Why do you think,
autonomous power. Calhoun        the south, our
became a strong opponent of      producers would be
nationalist programs such as     against high
high tariffs.                    tariffs?
        AMERICAN
       FLAG DURING
           1818
              Pg. 323

Daniel Webster was first elected to congress in 1812
to represent New Hampshire. In later years he
represented Mass. In the House and Senate. He
began his political career as a supporter of free trade
and the shipping interest of New England. In time,
Webster favored the Tariff of 1816 which protected
American industries from foreign competition.

Henry Clay of Kentucky, a leader who represented
Western states, became speaker of the House in 1811.
He served as a member of the group who negotiated
the Treaty of Ghent to end the War of 1812. Clay (War
Hawk) became known as the national leader who tried
to resolve sectional disputes and conflicts through
compromise.
                                                    Pg
                                                    324

Sectional tensions reached new heights in 1820 over the
issue of admitting new states to the Union. The problem
revolved around slavery. The South wanted Missouri
(Lou.Purch) admitted as a slave state. Northerners
wanted Missouri to be free of slavery. While Congress
considered the Missouri question, Maine (who was part
of Massachusetts) wanted statehood.


Henry Clay helped work out a compromise that
preserved the balance between the North and South.
The Missouri Compromise reached in March 1820
provided for the admission of Missouri as a slave state &
Main as a free state.
Henry clay proposed a program called the American
System included a protective tariff, a program of
internal improvements, especially the building of
roads and canals, to stimulate trade: and a national
bank to control inflation and to lend money to build
developing industries
Tariffs  would provide government with $ to build
roads and canals
Healthy Business  use profits to buy more
agricultural goods from South & ship these goods
northward.
The second national bank was built in 1816, but it
remained an object of controversy.
Not everyone agreed.
Thomas Jefferson thought
that the American system
favored the wealthy
manufacturing classes of
New England. The South
agreed with Jefferson and
Congress adopted some
internal improvements &
created the controversial
Second Bank of the United
States
The state of Maryland imposed a tax on
the Baltimore branch of the 2nd Bank of
the United States – a federal institution.
The Bank refused to pay the state tax
(1819) John marshal ruled that the
state had no right on imposing a tax on
a federal bank



Established that states could not enact legislation that
would interfere with congressional power over interstate
commerce. This ruling strengthened the national
government.
                                            PAGE 325-326



President Monroe signed 2 agreements to resolve
long-standing disputes with Britain.
Rush-Bagot Treaty (1817), signed in 1817. It set
limits on the number of naval vessels each could
have on the Great Lakes. It also provided for the
disarmament, or removal of weapons, along the
border between British Canada and the US

Convention of 1818, the official boundary of the
Louisiana Territory was set at the 49th parallel and
became a demilitarized zone, one without armed
forces. America also was given the right to settle in
Oregon Territory.
When General Andrew Jackson invaded Spanish East Florida
in April 1818 and took control of 2 Spanish forts, he went
beyond his orders to stop Seminole raids on American
territory. The Spanish minister to the United States, Luis de
Onis, protested and Secretary of War John Calhoun said that
Jackson should be court-martialed. Sec. of State John Quincy
Adams disagreed.
Spain signed the Adams-Onis Treaty (1819) in which Spain
gave East Florida to the United States and gave up claims to
West Florida. In return the US gave up claims to Spanish
Texas. We also agreed to pay $5 million that American
citizens claimed Spain owed them for damages. The border
between the US & Spanish possessions in the Northwest was
extended from the Gulf of Mexico to the 42nd parallel & then
west to the Pacific. The US gained a large piece of territory on
the Pacific northwest as a result of this treaty.