Trafficking in Persons

Report as inappropriate Your report has been received

Shared by: aw9Z78P

Tags

Stats

views:: 0
posted:: 1/29/2013
language:: English
pages:: 176

Public Domain

Document Sample

PRESS “F5” ON YOUR KEY BOARD
TO PROPERLY START THIS
TRAINING MODULE.

Then, click the arrow at the bottom right of this slide
to begin the training module.
General AwarenessTraining
INTRODUCTION

The Defense Security Cooperation Agency
Office of General Counsel
sponsored training

FY 2013
Combating Trafficking in Persons
“General Awareness Training”

Note, this training module has modified from its original
version.
INTRODUCTION
Proclamation from the President

"Yet even today, the darkness and
inhumanity of enslavement exists.
Millions of people worldwide are held in
compelled service, as well as thousands
within the United States. We
acknowledge that forms of slavery still
exist in the modern era, and we
recommit ourselves to stopping the
human traffickers who play this horrific
trade.”
-President Barack Obama, 2009
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM

International Scope
It is estimated:
• 12 million people enslaved around the world today
• 600,000-800,000 TIP victims trafficked internationally annually
• 80% of victims are women
• 50% of victims are children
• $32 billion generated from TIP annually
• TIP is one of the fastest growing criminal industries worldwide

Source: United Nations, International Organization
INTRODUCTION
SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM

U.S. National Scope
It is estimated:
• 14,500-17,500 TIP victims trafficked into the U.S. annually
• 100,000 American children are victims of prostitution
annually

Source: U.S. State Department, National Center for Missing and Exploited Children
Module 1 - What is Trafficking in Persons?

Objectives:
• Identify common myths about TIP
• Define TIP
• Identify Sex Trafficking
• Identify Labor Trafficking (Forced Labor)
• Identify Child Soldiers
MODULE 1 - What is Trafficking in Persons?

Hillary Clinton Statement on
Trafficking in Persons
"It is modern slavery, a crime that spans
the globe, providing ruthless employers
with an endless supply of people to
abuse for financial gain. Human
trafficking is a crime with many victims:
not only those who are trafficked, but
also the families they leave behind, some
of whom never see their loved ones
again.”

- Hillary Clinton, U.S. Secretary of State
MODULE 1 - What is Trafficking in Persons?

Myth 1: TIP must involve Reality: TIP does not require
some form of travel, or transportation, although it may be
involved in the crime. TIP is more
movement across accurately described as “compelled
international or national service” where a victim does not
borders. have consent or control due to
force, fraud or coercion.

Reality: TIP is not the same as
smuggling, but is a separate
criminal offense. Smuggling
primarily involves illegally
transporting people across borders.
MODULE 1 - What is Trafficking in Persons?

Myth 2: TIP must Reality: TIP does not
involve physical require the use of
restraint, physical force,
bodily harm, or physical physical force or
bondage. restraint. Other forms
of control can include
coercion (e.g., threats)
and psychological
manipulation.
MODULE 1 - What is Trafficking in Persons?

Myth 3: TIP only occurs Reality: TIP is a
in other countries and serious crime that
victims are only foreign
nationals. occurs all TIP victims
can be foreign
nationals and U.S.
citizens.
MODULE 1 - What is Trafficking in Persons?

Myth 4: Prostitution is Reality: Prostitution is
always voluntary and not voluntary when
consensual. force, fraud or coercion is
used to compel a victim
to provide sex. This is
TIP.
Reality: Under U.S. law,
children identified in the
commercial sex trade are
automatic victims of TIP.
MODULE 1 - What is Trafficking in Persons?

Myth 5: If a person is Reality: Some TIP
paid for their services – victims may be paid for
whether for sex or their services, but when
labor, they cannot be force, fraud or coercion is
TIP victims. used against them, they
are no longer in control.
This often results in their
inability to leave without
violence or threat of
violence.
MODULE 1 - What is Trafficking in Persons?
MODULE 1 - What is Trafficking in Persons?

Sex Trafficking
• Commercial sex compelled by force, fraud or coercion
• Victims found in: brothels, street prostitution, escort services or
pornography
• Child sex tourism: traveling to countries to have sex with children
• Any minor (18 and under) identified in commercial sex activities is
an automatic TIP victim
• 43% of identified TIP victims are for sex trafficking
• 98% of identified sex trafficking victims are women and children
• Demand for the sex trade allows sex trafficking to flourish

Source: United Nations, International Labor Organization, U.S.
State Department
MODULE 1 - What is Trafficking in Persons?

Labor Trafficking
• Labor or service compelled by force, fraud or coercion
• Victims found in any location or industry: factories, farms,
construction, restaurants, mines or personal homes
• Children are also labor trafficking victims
• Debt bondage: using a debt to compel labor from a person
• 32% of identified TIP victims are used for forced labor
• 56% of identified forced labor victims are women and girls

Source: United Nations, International Labor Organization, U.S.
State Department
MODULE 1 - What is Trafficking in Persons?

Labor Trafficking
• Child soldiering: unlawful recruitment of children under 18 by
government or nongovernment armed forces
• Children are used as combatants, cooks, servants, messengers,
spies or sex slaves
• Children are often sexually and physically abused
• Children are forced to commit atrocities against others
• 200,000-300,000 children in over 57 armed conflicts worldwide
• Average age: 15-18, but young as 7

Source: United Nations, International Labor Organization, U.S.
State Department
MODULE 1 - What is Trafficking in Persons?

Protocol for Reporting Child Soldiering

The US is party to the Optional Protocol to the United Nations Convention on
the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict.

• “Child” shall mean any person less than eighteen years of age.
• Many children are abducted and forcibly recruited; others are driven into
armed forces by poverty, hardship and alienation. The Optional Protocol
outlaws compulsory recruitment of children under the age of 18 by both
government and non-government armed forces.
• Each military member should notify their immediate chain of command if
they are under 18 years of age and scheduled for deployment.
• The unit commander under consultation with the chain of command and
the Service’s personnel center shall determine if the deployment is
authorized for the minor service-member.
MODULE 1 - What is Trafficking in Persons?

Protocol for Reporting Child Soldiering (continued)

• Units should conduct training on the applicable sections of
the AR 190-8 to ensure proper handling of enemy casualties
and prisoners who may in fact be considered children.
• New U.S. legislation – Child Soldier Prevention Act is a
foreign assistance restriction on countries that recruit/use or
support armed groups that recruit/use child solders, as
defined in the Act. Child Soldier Accountability Act makes
it a crime to recruit/use anyone under the age of 15 and
makes such recruitment/use a ground for inadmissibility
and deportation in the United States.
MODULE 1 – QUIZ

1) TIP involves the use of ___________ to compel a
person in order to exploit them for profit

a. Force
b. Fraud
c. Coercion
d. Force and Coercion
e. All the above
MODULE 1 – QUIZ

a. INCORRECT. Under U.S. law, TIP
involves the use of force, fraud or coercion
to compel a person into commercial sex or
labor. The correct answer is e. All the
above.
MODULE 1 – QUIZ

b. INCORRECT. Under U.S. law, TIP
involves the use of force, fraud or coercion to
compel a person into commercial sex or labor.
The correct answer is e. All the above.
MODULE 1 – QUIZ

c. INCORRECT. Under U.S. law, TIP
involves the use of force, fraud or coercion to
compel a person into commercial sex or labor.
The correct answer is e. All the above.
MODULE 1 – QUIZ

d. INCORRECT. Under U.S. law, TIP
involves the use of force, fraud or coercion to
compel a person into commercial sex or labor.
The correct answer is e. All the above.
MODULE 1 – QUIZ

e. CORRECT!
MODULE 1 – QUIZ

2) TIP often involves exploiting people for ____________.

a. Labor
b. Commercial sex
c. Child soldiering
d. All the above
MODULE 1 – QUIZ

a. INCORRECT. Under U.S. law, TIP involves
exploiting people for labor, services,
commercial sex, and as child soldiers. The
correct answer is d.
MODULE 1 – QUIZ

b. INCORRECT. Under U.S. law, TIP involves
exploiting people for labor, services,
commercial sex, and as child soldiers. The
correct answer is d.
MODULE 1 – QUIZ

c. INCORRECT. Under U.S. law, TIP involves
exploiting people for labor, services,
commercial sex, and as child soldiers. The
correct answer is d.
MODULE 1 – QUIZ

d. CORRECT!
MODULE 1 – QUIZ

3) TIP must involve some form of travel, transportation,
or movement across international or national borders.

True
False
MODULE 1 – QUIZ

True. INCORRECT. Under U.S. law, TIP does
not require transportation. TIP is more
accurately described as compelled service
where a victim does not have consent or control
due to force, fraud, or coercion. The correct
answer is False.
MODULE 1 – QUIZ

CORRECT! The answer is “False.”
MODULE 1 – QUIZ

4) _________ is the unlawful recruitment of children by
government or nongovernment armed forces.

a. Child soldiering
b. Child sex tourism
c. Child bonded labor
d. All the above
MODULE 1 – QUIZ

a. CORRECT!
MODULE 1 – QUIZ

b. INCORRECT. Under the U.N. Optional
Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the
Child (Children in Armed Conflicts), child
soldiering is defined as the unlawful
recruitment of children by government or
nongovernment armed forces. The correct
answer is a.
.
MODULE 1 – QUIZ

c. INCORRECT. Under the U.N. Optional
Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the
Child (Children in Armed Conflicts), child
soldiering is defined as the unlawful
recruitment of children by government or
nongovernment armed forces. The correct
answer is a.
MODULE 1 – QUIZ

d. INCORRECT. Under the U.N. Optional
Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the
Child (Children in Armed Conflicts), child
soldiering is defined as the unlawful
recruitment of children by government or
nongovernment armed forces. The correct
answer is a.
MODULE 1 – QUIZ

5) Prostitution is always voluntary and consensual when
the woman is paid.

True
False
MODULE 1 – QUIZ

True. INCORRECT. If the a person is being
compelled into prostitution by force, fraud, or
coercion—even if they are paid—they are not
acting voluntarily nor are they consenting. The
person is a victim of TIP. The correct answer is
False.
MODULE 1 – QUIZ

CORRECT! The answer is “False.”
Module 2 - Who is Involved in Trafficking in Persons?

Objectives:
• Identify Victims
• Identify Vulnerable Populations
• Identify Traffickers
MODULE 2 - Who is Involved in Trafficking in Persons?

TIP is about exploiting people’s VULNERABILITY in their current
circumstances—whether it is a man desperate for a job to take care
of his family or a young girl with low-self esteem getting caught up
with a pimp.

Victims can be:
• Any gender, age, race, nationality, social
status or economic status
• Men or women, adults or children, foreign
nationals or U.S. citizens
• TIP victims can be anyone
MODULE 2 - Who is Involved in Trafficking in Persons?

Vulnerable Populations may include:
• Undocumented migrants
• Runaway and homeless youth
• Women and children with limited
resources
• Oppressed social cultural groups
• People displaced by natural disasters
or civil conflicts
• Victims of prior sexual or physical
abuse
Photo by: Kay Chernush for the U.S. State Department
MODULE 2 - Who is Involved in Trafficking in Persons?

Traffickers can be:
• International organized crime
• National or local gangs
• Corrupt government and police
• Business owners
• Pimps
• Diplomats
• Ordinary citizens
• U.S. military or civilian personnel
• U.S. contractors
MODULE 2 – QUIZ

1) Traffickers can be ___________.

a. Corrupt governments
b. Organized crime
c. U.S. military and civilian personnel
d. Anyone willing to exploit for profit, including all the
above
MODULE 2 – QUIZ

a. INCORRECT. While answers a-c are
correct, they are not the exclusive traffickers.
Anyone willing to exploit another person for
profit of personal benefit can become a
trafficker. The correct answer is d.
MODULE 2 – QUIZ

b. INCORRECT. While answers a-c are
correct, they are not the exclusive traffickers.
Anyone willing to exploit another person for
profit of personal benefit can become a
trafficker. The correct answer is d.
MODULE 2 – QUIZ

c. INCORRECT. While answers a-c are correct,
they are not the exclusive traffickers. Anyone
willing to exploit another person for profit of
personal benefit can become a trafficker. The
correct answer is d.
MODULE 2 – QUIZ

d. CORRECT!
MODULE 2 – QUIZ

2) TIP is about exploiting a person’s vulnerability in order
to lure or force them into situations of TIP.

True
False
MODULE 2 – QUIZ

CORRECT! The answer is “True.”
MODULE 2 – QUIZ

False. INCORRECT. Traffickers target people
with different vulnerabilities as it makes it
easier for them to manipulate and exploit them.
The correct answer is true.
MODULE 2 – QUIZ

3) Victims can be _____________.

a. Men
b. Children
c. U.S. citizens
d. All the above
MODULE 2 – QUIZ

a. INCORRECT. While answers a-c are
correct, they are not the exclusive victims.
Anyone can be a victim when their
vulnerabilities are exploited by others for
personal gain. The correct answer is d.
MODULE 2 – QUIZ

b. INCORRECT. While answers a-c are
correct, they are not the exclusive victims.
Anyone can be a victim when their
vulnerabilities are exploited by others for
personal gain. The correct answer is d.
MODULE 2 – QUIZ

c. INCORRECT. While answers a-c are correct,
they are not the exclusive victims. Anyone can
be a victim when their vulnerabilities are
exploited by others for personal gain. The
correct answer is d.
MODULE 2 – QUIZ

d. CORRECT!
MODULE 2 – QUIZ

4) Some of the most vulnerable populations likely to be
targeted by traffickers include ____________.

a. Homeless and runaway youth
b. Oppressed or marginalized social groups
c. Undocumented migrants
d. Women with prior sex or physical abuse
e. All the above
MODULE 2 – QUIZ

a. INCORRECT. While answers a-d are
correct, they are not the exclusive vulnerable
populations. Anyone can be a victim when their
vulnerabilities are exploited by others for
personal gain. The correct answer is e.
MODULE 2 – QUIZ

b. INCORRECT. While answers a-d are
correct, they are not the exclusive vulnerable
populations. Anyone can be a victim when their
vulnerabilities are exploited by others for
personal gain. The correct answer is e.
MODULE 2 – QUIZ

c. INCORRECT. While answers a-d are
correct, they are not the exclusive vulnerable
populations. Anyone can be a victim when their
vulnerabilities are exploited by others for
personal gain. The correct answer is e.
MODULE 2 – QUIZ

d. INCORRECT. While answers a-d are
correct, they are not the exclusive vulnerable
populations. Anyone can be a victim when their
vulnerabilities are exploited by others for
personal gain. The correct answer is e.
MODULE 2 – QUIZ

e. CORRECT!
Module 3 - Why Does Trafficking in Persons Occur?

Objectives:
• Identify Victim Push and Pull Factors
• Identify Trafficker’s Motivations
• Identify the Demand for TIP
MODULE 3 - Why Does Trafficking in Persons Occur?

PUSH & PULL FACTORS

Push Factors: Pull Factors:
Conditions that influence Conditions that influence
or encourage people to people to go to a new
leave a bad or unsafe location with better
situation. opportunities.
• Violence • Chance of a better life
• Civil conflicts • Freedom and liberty
• No job opportunities • Job opportunities
• No civil rights
• Poverty Note: These factors alone do not cause TIP, but a combination of
factors coupled with violence/threats increases the risk of
• Corruption exploitation.
MODULE 3 - Why Does Trafficking in Persons Occur?

Traffickers see the trafficking of people as a high profit
and low risk—meaning minimal punishment due to
corruption, lack of a strong criminal justice system, or
where TIP is not seen as a serious crime.

Compared to drug trafficking and arms trafficking,
TIP is one of the fastest growing criminal
enterprises in the world—generating over $32
billion each year from exploiting victims
MODULE 3 - Why Does Trafficking in Persons Occur?

TIP Supply and Demand

• Basic economic principle: Where there is a demand for a product,
someone will supply it.
• TIP: Where there is a demand for sex or labor, someone will
provide it.
• When demand increases, supply increases, profits increases and
number of exploited victims increases.
MODULE 3 - Why Does Trafficking in Persons Occur?

Incentives for Traffickers to Engage in TIP
• $32 billion generated from TIP every year
• $15 billion generated from TIP in the U.S. and Western
Europe
• Unlike drugs, TIP victims can be used over and over
again to make traffickers money
• End Goal: Money Source: International Labor
Organization
MODULE 3 – QUIZ

1) Push factors that influence people to leave a bad
situation include ____________.

a. Civil conflict
b. Poverty
c. Corruption
d. All the above
MODULE 3 – QUIZ

a. INCORRECT. While answers a-c are
correct, they are not the exclusive push factors.
Push factors are diverse and different people
have different push factors depending on their
circumstances. The correct answer is d.
MODULE 3 – QUIZ

b. INCORRECT. While answers a-c are
correct, they are not the exclusive push factors.
Push factors are diverse and different people
have different push factors depending on their
circumstances. The correct answer is d.
MODULE 3 – QUIZ

c. INCORRECT. While answers a-c are correct,
they are not the exclusive push factors. Push
factors are diverse and different people have
different push factors depending on their
circumstances. The correct answer is d.
MODULE 3 – QUIZ

d. CORRECT!
MODULE 3 – QUIZ

2) Traffickers are involved in TIP because it is ______ risk
and ______ profit.

a. High; low
b. Low; low
c. Low; high
d. High; high
MODULE 3 – QUIZ

a. INCORRECT. Traffickers are involved in
TIP because it is low risk and high profit due to
corruption, lack of a strong criminal justice
system, or where TIP is not seen as a serious
crime. The correct answer is c.
MODULE 3 – QUIZ

b. INCORRECT. Traffickers are involved in
TIP because it is low risk and high profit due to
corruption, lack of a strong criminal justice
system, or where TIP is not seen as a serious
crime. The correct answer is c.
MODULE 3 – QUIZ

c. CORRECT!
MODULE 3 – QUIZ

d. INCORRECT. Traffickers are involved in
TIP because it is low risk and high profit due to
corruption, lack of a strong criminal justice
system, or where TIP is not seen as a serious
crime. The correct answer is c.
MODULE 3 – QUIZ

3) "Demand" for commercial sex and forced labor can
include __________.

a. Women or men
b. U.S. military personnel
c. U.S. contractors
d. All the above
MODULE 3 – QUIZ

a. INCORRECT. While answers a-c are
correct, they are not the exclusive demand or
“customers.” The demand is diverse—whether
for commercial sex or cheap labor. The demand
contributes to TIP where traffickers seek to
supply the demand. The correct answer is d.
MODULE 3 – QUIZ

b. INCORRECT. While answers a-c are
correct, they are not the exclusive demand or
“customers.” The demand is diverse—whether
for commercial sex or cheap labor. The demand
contributes to TIP where traffickers seek to
supply the demand. The correct answer is d.
MODULE 3 – QUIZ

c. INCORRECT. While answers a-c are correct,
they are not the exclusive demand or
“customers.” The demand is diverse—whether
for commercial sex or cheap labor. The demand
contributes to TIP where traffickers seek to
supply the demand. The correct answer is d.
MODULE 3 – QUIZ

d. CORRECT!
MODULE 3 – QUIZ

4) Purchasing sex, even in countries where prostitution is
legal, contributes to TIP where more people become
victims of forced commercial sex.

True
False
MODULE 3 – QUIZ

CORRECT! The answer is “True.”
MODULE 3 – QUIZ

a. INCORRECT. Purchasing sex contributes to
TIP because traffickers are often seeking to
supply a demand for commercial sex. Even in
countries where prostitution is legal, DoD
personnel and contractors are not permitted to
purchase sex as it is illegal under U.S. law. The
correct answer is true.
MODULE 3 – QUIZ

5) TIP generates over __________ worldwide each year
and is one of the fasted growing criminal enterprises in
the world.

a. $32 million
b. $32 billion
c. $15 billion
d. $15 million
MODULE 3 – QUIZ

a. INCORRECT. According to the
International Labor Organization, TIP generates
over $32 billion every year. The correct answer
is b.
MODULE 3 – QUIZ

b. CORRECT!
MODULE 3 – QUIZ

c. INCORRECT. According to the
International Labor Organization, TIP generates
over $32 billion every year. The correct answer
is b.
MODULE 3 – QUIZ

d. INCORRECT. According to the
International Labor Organization, TIP
generates over $32 billion every year. The
correct answer is b.
Module 4 - How People Become TIP Victims.

Objectives:
• Identify How People become TIP Victims
• Identify Means of Control over Victims
• Understand Victims’ Mindset
Module 4 - How People Become TIP Victims.

Luring Victims into TIP
Victims are often lured, tricked or
entrapped in TIP situations by:
• Fake job offers
• Promises of love and marriage
• Promises of better education and
life for their family
• Debt bondage
• Kidnapping/Abduction
• Blackmail/Extortions
Photo by: Kay Chernush for the U.S. State Department.
• Smuggling turned into TIP via
Note: This is not an exhaustive list of means of force, fraud or coercion for
luring victims into TIP, but a select list of examples
seen around the world—including in the U.S. exploitation
Module 4 - How People Become TIP Victims.

Once entrapped, traffickers maintain control over victims by:

Physical Violence Threats Psychological
Beatings Harming Manipulation
Rape family Brainwashing
Isolation Deportation Traumatic
Starvation Shaming bonding
Restraint Detention
Module 4 - How People Become TIP Victims.

Victim Mindset: Unable to Leave
Victims are unable to leave a TIP
situation because they may be:
• Fearful of traffickers
Photo by: Kay Chernush for the U.S. State Department.

• Dependent on traffickers (e.g. child
victims)
• Distrustful of law enforcement and
fearful of deportation
• Thinking that no one cares
• Unaware they are victims of a crime
• Unfamiliar with language and culture
• Addicted to drugs or alcohol
Note: This is not an exhaustive list, but a select list • Without personal identification
of examples seen around the world—including in
the U.S.
• Unaware that they have basic rights
Module 4 - How People Become TIP Victims.

Physical & Mental Health Issues
Victims often face physical and mental health issues related to their TIP situations.
PHYSICAL HEATH PROBLEMS
•STDs, HIV or AIDs
•Malnutrition
•Immune or Respiratory problems
•Lame limbs or broken bones
•Head trauma
•Botched abortion complications

MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS
•Depression or suicidal behavior
•PTSD or chronic stress
•Substance abuse (alcohol or drugs)
•Nightmares, tremors or insomnia
MODULE 4 – QUIZ

1) Victims are often lured into TIP situations by

a. Fake job offers
b. Extortion
c. Promises of love and marriage
d. All the above
MODULE 4 – QUIZ

a. INCORRECT. While answers a-c are
correct, they are not exclusive means of luring
victims. There are diverse means of luring
victims into TIP situations. The correct answer
is d.
MODULE 4 – QUIZ

b. INCORRECT. While answers a-c are
correct, they are not exclusive means of luring
victims. There are diverse means of luring
victims into TIP situations. The correct answer
is d.
MODULE 4 – QUIZ

c. INCORRECT. While answers a-c are correct,
they are not exclusive means of luring victims.
There are diverse means of luring victims into
TIP situations. The correct answer is d.
MODULE 4 – QUIZ

d. CORRECT!
MODULE 4 – QUIZ

2) Traffickers only use physical violence to control their
victims after luring them into a situation.

True
False
MODULE 4 – QUIZ

True. INCORRECT. Traffickers use both
physical violence and psychological coercion or
manipulation as means to control victims. The
correct answer is “False.”
MODULE 4 – QUIZ

CORRECT! The correct answer is “False.”
MODULE 4 – QUIZ

3) Smuggling can turn into TIP when ___________ is used
to compel a person against their will.

a. Force
b. Coercion
c. Fraud
d. Force and coercion
e. All the above
MODULE 4 – QUIZ

a. INCORRECT. Smuggling is a separate
crime than TIP, but when force, fraud, or
coercion is used to compel a person against
their will, it because a TIP situation. The correct
answer is e.
MODULE 4 – QUIZ

b. INCORRECT. Smuggling is a separate
crime than TIP, but when force, fraud, or
coercion is used to compel a person against
their will, it because a TIP situation. The correct
answer is e.
MODULE 4 – QUIZ

c. INCORRECT. Smuggling is a separate crime
than TIP, but when force, fraud, or coercion is
used to compel a person against their will, it
because a TIP situation. The correct answer is e.
MODULE 4 – QUIZ

d. INCORRECT. Smuggling is a separate
crime than TIP, but when force, fraud, or
coercion is used to compel a person against
their will, it because a TIP situation. The
correct answer is e.
MODULE 4 – QUIZ

e. CORRECT!
MODULE 4 – QUIZ

4) Victims are unable to leave their TIP situations because
they distrust law enforcement, fearful of traffickers,
ashamed, and are often unaware they have basic rights.

True
False
MODULE 4 – QUIZ

CORRECT! The correct answer is “True.”
MODULE 4 – QUIZ

False. INCORRECT. Victims are unable to
leave traffickers because of various reasons that
include distrust of law enforcement, fearful of
traffickers, etc. Victims do not have to be
locked up as the only means for them not being
able to leave their TIP situation. The correct
answer is “True.”
MODULE 4 – QUIZ

5) Some of the physical health problems experienced by
TIP victims include __________.

a. Lame limbs or broken bones
b. STDs/HIV/AIDs
c. Depression or suicidal behavior
d. A and B
e. All the Above
MODULE 4 – QUIZ

a. INCORRECT. Responses a and b are
physical health issues whereas response c is a
mental health issue. The correct answer is d.
MODULE 4 – QUIZ

b. INCORRECT. Responses a and b are
physical health issues whereas response c is a
mental health issue. The correct answer is d.
MODULE 4 – QUIZ

c. INCORRECT. Response c is a mental health
issue whereas responses a and b are physical
health issues. The correct answer is d.
MODULE 4 – QUIZ

d. CORRECT!
MODULE 4 – QUIZ

e. INCORRECT. Responses a and b are
physical health issues whereas response c is a
mental health issue, so it’s not all of the above.
The correct answer is d.
Module 5 - Combating TIP

Objectives:
• Identify Where Victims Are Found
• Identify Victim Indicators
• Take Appropriate Action against TIP
Module 5 - Combating TIP

Locations Victims May be Found
Some locations that military personnel, civilian personnel, and contractors
may likely come across victims while serving abroad or in the U.S. can
include:
Sex Trafficking:
•Dance clubs, strip clubs or bars
•Massage parlors or spas
•Street-based prostitution
•Escort services

Labor Trafficking:
•Food services
•Domestic services
•Construction
•Factories
•Hotels Photo by: Kay Chernush for the U.S. State Department.
Module 5 - Combating TIP

Victim Identification Indicators

Physical/Environmental
Signs of abuse
No identification
Unable to speak local
language
Lives and confined at worksite
Escorted or monitored
Indebted to employer
Note: This is not an exhaustive list of indicators, but a select list of examples seen around the
world—including in the U.S.
Module 5 - Combating TIP

Reporting TIP
Module 5 - Combating TIP

Warning: If you detect a TIP situation, do not get directly involved. Your
actions may worsen the situation for the victim(s).

Appropriate Actions:
•Do not purchase sex
•Do not complicit or turn a blind eye to
TIP if peers are involved
•Education peers about TIP
•Take and promote DoD TIP Awareness
Training
•Avoid establishments that show
indicators of TIP
•Report suspected establishments
involved in TIP to your command
•Report TIP situations to your chain of
command
MODULE 5 – QUIZ

1) Locations where DoD personnel may come across TIP
victims include _________.

a. Hotels
b. Street-based prostitution
c. Dance clubs
d. Construction sites
e. All the above
MODULE 5 – QUIZ

a. INCORRECT. While answers a is correct, it
is not an exclusive location where TIP victims
will be found. Victims can be found in any
location or industry where someone is willing
to exploit them for a profit. The correct answer
is e.
MODULE 5 – QUIZ

b. INCORRECT. While answers b is correct, it
is not an exclusive location where TIP victims
will be found. Victims can be found in any
location or industry where someone is willing
to exploit them for a profit. The correct answer
is e.
MODULE 5 – QUIZ

c. INCORRECT. While answers c is correct, it
is not an exclusive location where TIP victims
will be found. Victims can be found in any
location or industry where someone is willing
to exploit them for a profit. The correct answer
is e.
MODULE 5 – QUIZ

d. INCORRECT. While answers d is correct, it
is not an exclusive location where TIP victims
will be found. Victims can be found in any
location or industry where someone is willing
to exploit them for a profit. The correct answer
is e.
MODULE 5 – QUIZ

e. CORRECT!
MODULE 5 – QUIZ

2) Physical/Environmental victim indicators include
___________.

a. No ID
b. Submissive
c. Does not speak the local language
d. A and C
e. All the above
MODULE 5 – QUIZ

a. INCORRECT. While answer a is an
indicator, it is not the only indicator listed. The
correct answer is d.
MODULE 5 – QUIZ

b. INCORRECT. While answer b is an
indicator, it is more of a
psychological/behavior indicator. The correct
answer is d.
MODULE 5 – QUIZ

c. INCORRECT. While answer c is an
indicator, it is not the only
physical/environmental victim indicator listed.
The correct answer is d.
MODULE 5 – QUIZ

d. CORRECT!
MODULE 5 – QUIZ

e. INCORRECT. While answers a-d are types
of indicators, a and c are
physical/environmental indicators. The correct
answer is d.
MODULE 5 – QUIZ

3) Taking appropriate action includes _____________.

a. Only buying sex in countries where prostitution is
legal
b. Educate peers about TIP
c. Report suspected establishments involved in TIP to
your command
d. B and C
e. All the above
MODULE 5 – QUIZ

a. INCORRECT. Under U.S. law, purchasing
sex is illegal and a criminal act—even in
countries where prostitution is legal. DoD
personnel will be held accountable if caught.
The correct answer is d.
MODULE 5 – QUIZ

b. INCORRECT. Under U.S. law, purchasing
sex is illegal and a criminal act—even in
countries where prostitution is legal. DoD
personnel will be held accountable if caught.
The correct answer is d.
MODULE 5 – QUIZ

c. INCORRECT. Under U.S. law, purchasing
sex is illegal and a criminal act—even in
countries where prostitution is legal. DoD
personnel will be held accountable if caught.
The correct answer is d.
MODULE 5 – QUIZ

d. CORRECT!
MODULE 5 – QUIZ

e. INCORRECT. Under U.S. law, purchasing
sex is illegal and a criminal act—even in
countries where prostitution is legal. DoD
personnel will be held accountable if caught.
The correct answer is d.
MODULE 5 – QUIZ

4) If you come across a TIP situation, you should
immediately intervene and then call the authorities.

True
False
MODULE 5 – QUIZ

True. INCORRECT. If you detect a TIP
situation, do not get directly involved. Your
actions may worsen the situation for victims.
Call the proper authorities immediately and
report any identified indicators, locations, and
people descriptions, and number of possible
victims. The correct answer is false.
MODULE 5 – QUIZ

CORRECT! The correct answer is “False.”
Module 6 - TIP Policy & Legal

Objectives:
• Review the TVPA
• Review the PROTECT Act
• Accountability for TIP
Module 6 - TIP Policy & Legal

TIP Zero Tolerance Policy
Module 6 - TIP Policy & Legal

Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (TVPA)
The U.S. enacted the TVPA to
comprehensively combat TIP by:
•Prevention: public awareness
•Protection: victim assistance
•Prosecution: new criminal laws

The U.S. recognizes:
•TIP occurs within and across borders
•Victims can be foreign nationals or U.S.
citizens
Module 6 - TIP Policy & Legal

Prosecuting Remedies and Tools Against the Exploitation of
Children Today Act of 2003 (PROTECT)
The PROTECT Act strengthens
the ability to prevent, investigate,
prosecute and punish violent
crimes committed against
children. The Act established the
AMBER Alert Program to help
recover abducted children. The
Act targets child sexual
exploitation such as child sex
tourism. Photo by: Kay Chernush for the U.S. State Department.
Module 6 - TIP Policy & Legal

Punishment: Military Personnel Involved in TIP
All military personnel serving overseas or in the U.S. are subject to punishment if they
engaged in TIP—whether as a trafficker or as a customer who exploits victims. Although
prostitution may be legal in a host country, it is illegal under U.S. law.
Military personnel will be held accountable under:

Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) Military personnel are subject to UCMJ
jurisdiction 24-hours a day, 7-days a week, while on or off duty, while on or off a
military installation, and worldwide.

U.S. Federal & State Criminal Codes Military personnel can be prosecuted for TIP
offenses under federal or state criminal codes addressing TIP or related offenses. In most
states, TIP is a felony offense. At the federal level, TIP sentences can be as high as life in
prison. Under the TVPA and PROTECT Acts, the U.S. government has jurisdiction over
TIP offenses committed overseas by U.S. citizens, including military personnel.
Module 6 - TIP Policy & Legal

Punishment: Civilians & Contractors
All civilian personnel and contractors serving overseas or in the U.S. are subject to
punishment if they engage in TIP—whether as a trafficker or as a customer who exploits
victims. Although prostitution may be legal in a host country, it is illegal under U.S. law.
Civilian personnel and contractors engaging in TIP will be held accountable under:

Military Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Act (MEJA) MEJA allows for serious crimes committed overseas be
punishable in the U.S. The Act ensures that DoD civilians and civilian contractors are governed by U.S. law even
when operating in other regions of the world.

Uniformed Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) Civilians and contractors are subject to UCMJ jurisdiction in a
time of declared war or during a contingency operation when they are serving with or accompanying an armed
force in the field.

U.S. Federal & State Criminal Codes
Civilian personnel and contractors are liable for prosecution of TIP offenses under federal or state criminal codes if
the crimes were committed in the U.S. In most states, TIP is a felony offense. At the federal level, TIP sentences
can be as high as life in prison. Under the TVPA and PROTECT Acts, the U.S. government has jurisdiction over
TIP offenses committed overseas by U.S. citizen.
MODULE 6 – QUIZ

1) The U.S. government, including the DoD, has a zero
tolerance policy on TIP.

True
False
MODULE 6 – QUIZ

CORRECT! The correct answer is “True.”
MODULE 6 – QUIZ

False. INCORRECT. The U.S. government has
a zero tolerance policy on TIP. National
Presidential Security Directive 22 establishes
DoD’s zero tolerance policy on TIP. The correct
answer is true.
MODULE 6 – QUIZ

2) The U.S. takes a comprehensive approach to combating
TIP by focusing on ____________.

a. Protection and Prevention
b. Prosecution and Prevention
c. Prevention, Protection, Prosecution
d. Prevention, Protection, Prosecution, Deportation
MODULE 6 – QUIZ

a. INCORRECT. The U.S. takes a
comprehensive and victim-centered approach
by focusing on prevention, protection and
prosecution. The U.S. does not seek to deport
victims of TIP, but rather seeks to assist them.
The correct answer is c.
MODULE 6 – QUIZ

b. INCORRECT. The U.S. takes a
comprehensive and victim-centered approach
by focusing on prevention, protection and
prosecution. The U.S. does not seek to deport
victims of TIP, but rather seeks to assist them.
The correct answer is c.
MODULE 6 – QUIZ

c. CORRECT!
MODULE 6 – QUIZ

d. INCORRECT. The U.S. takes a
comprehensive and victim-centered approach
by focusing on prevention, protection and
prosecution. The U.S. does not seek to deport
victims of TIP, but rather seeks to assist them.
The correct answer is c.
MODULE 6 – QUIZ

3) The PROTECT Act strengthens the ability to
___________ violent crimes committed against children.

a. Prevent
b. Investigate
c. Prosecute and punish
d. All the above
MODULE 6 – QUIZ

a. INCORRECT. While answers a-c are
correct, they are not exclusive means of
addressing violent crimes against children. The
correct answer is d.
MODULE 6 – QUIZ

b. INCORRECT. While answers a-c are
correct, they are not exclusive means of
addressing violent crimes against children. The
correct answer is d.
MODULE 6 – QUIZ

c. INCORRECT. While answers a-c are correct,
they are not exclusive means of addressing
violent crimes against children. The correct
answer is d.
MODULE 6 – QUIZ

d. CORRECT!
MODULE 6 – QUIZ

4) Military, civilians, or contractors who purchase sex in a
country where prostitution is legal will not face
punishment.

True
False
MODULE 6 – QUIZ

True. INCORRECT. The U.S. government can
prosecute individuals who purchase
commercial sex in countries where prostitution
is legal. Prostitution is illegal under U.S. law.
The correct answer is false.
MODULE 6 – QUIZ

CORRECT! The correct answer is “False.”
MODULE 6 – QUIZ

5) Military, civilians, and contractors can be prosecuted
for engaging in TIP overseas under _________.

a. UCMJ
b. U.S. federal and state criminal codes
c. U.S. government does not have jurisdiction overseas
d. A and B
MODULE 6 – QUIZ

a. INCORRECT. While answer a is correct, it
is not an exclusive means of prosecuting
individuals engaging in TIP. The correct
answer is d.
MODULE 6 – QUIZ

b. INCORRECT. While answer b is correct, it
is not an exclusive means of prosecuting
individuals engaging in TIP. The correct answer
is d.
MODULE 6 – QUIZ

c. INCORRECT. The U.S. has jurisdiction over
TIP offenses even if committed overseas. The
correct answer is d.
MODULE 6 – QUIZ

d. CORRECT!
CONGRATULATIONS!

You have completed the FY 2013 CTIP
Training Module!

To ensure you receive credit for meeting this
annual requirement, click the link below to
complete the automated email notification as well
as obtain a copy of your certificate for your records.

(CLICK HERE)