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MONGOLIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
MONGOLIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
№ 13 (39)
Ulaanbaatar
2012
Editorial board:
Editorial-in-Chief: Acad. Prof. Batsuren D
Dr.Minjigmaa A
Members: Acad. Amgalan J
Acad. Regdel D
Acad. Purevsuren B
Acad.Temuujin J
Sc.D. Gan-Erdene T
Sc.D. Avid B
Dr. Odontuya G
Dr. Bayarmaa B
Dr. Ganbaatar J
Dr. Bayarjargal M
Dr. Khasbaatar D
Dr.Enkhtuul S
Prepared by: M.S Otgonsuren D
MAS, 4th building, Peace Avenue,
Ulaanbaatar 51, Mongolia.
Fax: 976-11-453133
email: icct.khimi2012@yahoo.com
w w w .icct.mas.ac.mn
Preface
Mongolian Journal of Chemistry provides a unique forum for the publication of
significant and original work across a variety of disciplines including chemistry, biology,
physics, chemical engineering and material science, which is likely to be of interest to the
multidisciplinary community that the journal addresses. Readership-Mong.J.Chem coverage
is highly relevant to a variety of industrial and academic sectors including: pharmaceuticals;
plant chemistry, analytical science; coal and petrochemistry, bio- and nanotechnology and
material science.
The Editors at Mongolian Journal of Chemistry are committed to publishing high
quality new work which makes a significant contribution to the both academic and industrial
sectors development. In order to meet this aim, submitted manuscripts were evaluated by the
professional Mong.J.Chem Editors to ensue they meet essential criteria for publication in the
journal.
We thank you for your submission to our journal and look forward to get another
submission next year.
Organizing Committee:
Dr. Minjigmaa A
Dr.Bayarmaa B
Dr.Ariunaa A
Dr.Otgonjargal E
Contents
1. A new humic acid remedy with addition of silver nanoparticles
G.P.Alexandrova, G. Dolmaa, U.Enkhbadral, G.L.Grishenko, Sh.Tserenpil,
B.G.Sukhov, D.Regdel, B.A.Trofimov 7-11
2. Biochemical study on the meat and oil of Mongolian fishes
B.Chantsalnyam, Ch.Otgonbayar, P.Odonmajig , N.Tsevegsuren 12-15
3. Catalase, protease and urease activity in some types of soil
D.Purev, J.Bayarmaa, B.Ganchimeg, B.Ankhtsetseg, O.Anumandal 16-18
4. Chemical composition and quality of some river of Mongol Altai
G.Erdenechimeg, Munguntsetseg 19-22
5. Coumarins of Peucedanum Baicalense and their cytotoxic activity
J. Ganbaatar, E.E.Shults, Т.N.Petrova, M.М. Shakirov, D.Оtgonsuren, E.Munkhbat,
D. Badamkhand, А.G. Pokrovskii, G.А. Тоlstikov 23-27
6. Comparative study of essential oil constituents of Bupleurum species from
Mongolia
Sh.Altantsetseg, S.Shatar, N.Javzmaa 28-30
7. Comparison of hematological and histological analysis of Clinomon and
Litovit-M in mice
J.Oyuntsetseg, P.Odnoo, J.Ganbaatar, L.Mandakhsaikhan, L.Tsogtzandan 31-36
8. Determination of phenolic compounds in Moravian wines
S. Badamtestseg, Ignc Hoza, Pavel Valášek, Vlastimil Kubáň 37-40
9. Determination of Alkaloids from the aerial parts of Caryopteris mongolica Bunge.
M.Dumaa, Ya.Gerelt-Od, Zh.Puzhao, L.Yinggang, S.Javzan, D.Selenge, G. Zhang 41-45
10. The comparison between novel reagent H-142, H-143, H-145 and xanthate for
flotation behaviour of molybdenum-containing ores
Z.Zolzaya, G.Burmaa, S.Enkhtuul, D.Khasbaatar, M.Munkhshur, E.Otgonjargal 46-48
11. Investigation of glucan polysaccharide derived from Fomes fomentarius.
( L ) Fr.grow ing in Mongolia
Ts.Bolor, N.Erdenechimeg, B.Amartuvshin, L.Munkhgerel, P.Odonmajig 49-54
12. Investigation of medical mud from Holboolj lake
G.Dolmaa, B.Nomintsetseg, G.Ganzaya 55-57
13. Investigation on characterization and liquefaction of coals from
Tsaidamnuur and Khoot deposits
S.Batbileg , Ya.Dabaajav, B.Purevsuren, J.Namkhainorov 58-65
14. Investigation of phenolic compounds of Scabiosa comosa, structure
elucidation of cosmosine
D.Batsuren, A.Tuvshintugs, B.Ganpurev, B.Sodbayar, B.Enkhjargal, J.Tunsag 66-71
15. Phytochemical constituents on leaves of Mongolian Sea buckthorn (Hippophae
rhamnoides L.)
G.Davaakhuu, N.Tsevegsuren, Ts.Bulgan 72-74
16. Phytochemical and pharmacological study of Mongolian Traditional drug
GARIDI-5
E.Sugarjav, B.Uuganbayar, Z.Oyun, Z.Ariunaa,G.Davaakhuu, Ch.Chimedragchaa 75-77
17. Preliminary results on characterization of various coal combustion products
from Mongolian thermal power stations and their application for preparation
of geopolymers
A.Minjigmaa, Ts.Zolzaya, B.Davaabal, U.Bayarzul, J.Temuujin 78-81
18. Protein and amino acid compositions in some Mongolian wood-rotting fungi
Sh.Naranmandakh 82-86
19. Removal characteristics of arsenic by Fe-Mn layered double hydroxide
and double oxide
E.Otgonjargal, Kitae Baek, Ts.Batjargal, Jung-Seok Yang 87-97
20. Relationship between structure and thermodynamic activity of carbon black
A.M.Amdur, V.V.Pavlov, B.Purevsuren, L.Munkhtuul 98-101
21. Some phytochemical constutients and bioactivity of water- and ethanolic
extract of Rumex acetosella L
D.Punsaldulam, E.Munkhbat, D.Otgonsuren 102-107
22. Synthesis and their photodynamic activity of new Photosensitizers for PDT
B.Bayarmaa, Young Key Shim 108-113
23. Synthesis and catalytic test of bimetallic Pd-Ag nanoparticle prepared by the
impregnation method
Sh.Nyamdelger, G.Burmaa, Christian Weilach and Karin Föttinger 114-119
24. Spectroscopic study and implications for biological reactive oxygen space sensing
of the inorganic DMSO/POCl3 reaction with BODIPY
N.Amgalan, Taehong Jun, Kang Mun Lee, HyuDavid, G.Churchill 120-122
25. Study of biological activity compounds in some Mongolian medicinal plants
S.Bayaraa, J.Batkhuu, A.Byayanmunkh, L.Khurelbaatar 123-124
26. Study biological activity of alkaloid protopine
S.Javzan, Y.Jamyansan, R.I.Alexandrova, D.S.Bae , Ch.W.Nho 125-133
27. Study on the washability of Baganuur coal by using float sink test
A.Ariunaa, G.Tsatsral, J.Narangerel, R.Erdenechimeg, J.Dugarjav,
B.Purevsuren, S.Jargalmaa 134-138
28. Study on biological activity of Hyoscyamus niger L. grown in Mongolia
J.Irekhbayar, G.Davaakhuu, S.Odontuya, Burm-Jong Lee 139-142
29. Use of modifed zeolites for chromium removal from tannery wastewater
D.Batgerel, S.Erkhembayar, E.Anudari, G.Ariunzul 143-145
A new humic acid remedy with addition of silver nanoparticles
G.P. Alexandrova1, G. Dolmaa2, U.Enkhbadral3, G.L.Grishenko1, Sh.Tserenpil2,
B.G. Sukhov1, D. Regdel1, B.A.Trofimov1
1
Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of
RAS, Irkutsk, Russia
2
Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology,
MAS, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
e-mail:dolmaa_g@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT: Previously known biogenic stimulator humic acid (HA) was the subject of this current study and HA
based new remediation was developed by addition of silver (Ag) nanoparticles in its macromolecule. Extracted HA
from a healing mud was characterized and used as reducing agent for Ag ion as well as a stabilizer for the formed Ag
nanoparticles. The properties of the obtained hybrid composite were examined by XRD, UV and FTIR spectroscopic
techniques. The diameter of the nanoparticles in the HA polymer was up to 8.6 nm and they were identified to be
metallic Ag.
Keywords: Composite; Healing mud; Humic acid; Silver nanoparticles
INTRODUCTION biomaterials, as well as film castings for
A
romatic nucleus and functional groups electronic and optoelectronic devices. The
in the HA molecule react with cell walls formation of Ag nanoparticiples in a variety of
of organisms and with receptors in a polymers (e.g., natural and syntetic) has been
derma; furthermore, it shows a therapeutic examined as size and dispersion pattern of metal
effect by penetrating through tissues [1]. HA is particles were unique for each case. Also natural
a major proportion of organic matters in polymers are biocompatible making them
Mongolian healing mud [2] and it tends to form particularly interesting for researchers.
an organomineral particles. A hypothesis, For obtaining metal nanoparticles, the most
therefore, was developed that HA may possess a important controlling parameters include
stabilizing character for metal nanoparticles as reducing agent type, stabilizer and the matrix in
other natural polymers do [3-4] and such which nanoparticles are formed. Dendrimers
behaviour has been recently investigated [5]. usually take on a spherical three dimensional
Humic substances from the healing mud differ structure, which is very different from linear
from coal, turf and soil derived counterparts by polymers. Additionally, it is predicted that HA
their low molecular weight and high content of may provide more active sites for stabilization
reactive functional groups [6]. Silver shows an of metal nanoparticles.
antibacterial characteristic in addition to its Akaihge et al examined the formation of Ag
chemical stability, good thermal and electrical nanoparticle in the presence of HA (i.e, from the
conductivity and catalytic properties. Therefore fresh water and marine sediment) under
organic and inorganic hydrid composites environmentally relevant conditions (e.g.,
bearing Ag nanoparticles were synthesized and concentration, pH and temperature), and
studied for a different purposes; for instance, as discussed the possible formation by the natural
medical preparations, antimicrobial coatings for processes and their stability depending on HA
7
Biochemical study on the meat and oil of Mongolian fishes
B.Chantsalnyam1, Ch.Otgonbayar1, P.Odonmajig1, N.Tsevegsuren2
1
Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS
2
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, NUM
e-mail:chantsaa_001@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to determine the meat quality and fish oil’s physical and chemical
characteristics of the Mongolian fishes: Syrok (Coregonus peled), and Lenok (Brachymystax lenok). Lipid content was
3.1 to 14.15%, moisture was 72.14 to 80.5%, protein content was 8.54 to 9.8% and total mineral element was 0.5 to
3.1%. The caloric value Lenok (Brachymystax lenok) was 68.7 and Syrok (Coregonus peled) - 142.8 Kj/100g,
respectively. Minerals included potassium (46.32 to 52.22%), phosphorous (39.06 to 41.3%), calcium (3.26 to 5.87%),
magnesium (2.08 to 3.97%) and silicon (1.14 to 2.24%), while zinc, iron and copper were present intrace amounts.
Eight non essential amino acids with total amount of 58.61 to 59.64% were identified, and histidine detected as in
highest value in all the species, followed by arginine. The data showed that the Mongolian fishes are of high nutritional
value and good source of proteins, minerals as well as non essential amino acids. The physical and chemical
characteristics of Syrok (Coregonus peled), and Lenok (Brachymystax lenok) fish oil were analyzed. These parameters
are: iodine value (IV), peroxide value (PV), acid value (AV), saponification value (SV), percentage of free fatty acid
(%FFA), refractive index (RI) and colour.
The extracted lipid content obtained from muscles of Syrok and Lenok was about 14.15% and 3.1%. The percentages of
unsaturated fatty acids were higher than saturated fatty acids accounting for 74.37% and 25.6%, 83.83% and 16.46%
respectively.
Keywords: Syrok (Coregonus peled), Lenok (Brachymystax lenok), protein, fish oil,
macro- and micro-elements, amino acid, infrared spectrophotometer
INTRODUCTION hypolipidemic agent an antiarthristic agent) [1].
F ish and other sea foods remain an
important source of white meat for the
human diet to its beneficial effect in
reducing coronary heart diseases. This effects
especially, due to the fat for the fish. Fishes
It is known to be that Mongolia is rich in fishes.
From ancient times Mongolian people have
been used fish oil as food and remedy in
traditional and physical treatment of some
illnesses. Therefore, we have used fish Syrok
living in fresh water and ocean are contained (Coregonus peled) and Lenok (Brachymystax
oils which used as food and in medicine. Fresh Lenok) which are widely distributed in
water’s and ocean’s fish oil are contained 14-35 Mongolia. The purpose of our study was
highly unsaturated fatty acids. The fatty acid biochemical study of meat obtained from two
pattern of triacylglycerol and phospholipids of species of Syrok (Coregonus peled) and Lenok
various fish oils were also assessed [1]. (Brachymystax Lenok)
Epidemiological studies on the last assure that
omega-3 fatty acids are derived from fish and EXPERIMENTAL
fish oil to decrease the risk of coronary heart Methods. Moisture content was determined by
disease, hypertension and stroke, and their gravimetric method. The ash content was
complications [2]. The liver obtained from fish determined by incinerating in a muffle furnance
has high pharmacological activity (serve as at 5500C. Composition of the ash was measured
12
Catalase, protease and urease activity in some types of soil
D.Purev, J.Bayarmaa, B.Ganchimeg, B.Ankhtsetseg, O.Anumandal
School of Biology and Biotechnology, NUM
e-mail: purev_21@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT: Enzymes in the soil are closely related to the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the soil
and regulate the formation of soil fertility, organic matter, nutrient mineralization and cycling in nature. Soil contains
phosphatase, urease, dehydrogenase, catalase, peroxidase, saccharase, protease, amylase, β-glucosidase, arylsulphatase
and other enzymes. The purpose of the given work was estimation of catalase protease and urease activity on three
different types of soil as high mountained steppe and dry steppe roughly humusified soil; mealy brown carbonated soil
and mountain meadow forest soil which are common in the mountain and steppe regions of our country in correlation
with soil depth and anthropogenic impacts. In all soil samples the highest enzymatic activities were detected in the
depth of 0-15 cm from the soil surface. For all soil samples the enzymes activities decreased more rapidly with
increasing soil depth affected to anthropogenic impacts in comparison with samples not exposed to human impacts.
Keywords: soil enzymes, catalase, protease, urease, anthropogenic impacts
INTRODUCTION depend on microbial community of soils and
E nzymes in soils mainly come from
plants, soil animals and microorganisms
and connected covalently, crosslinked,
copolymerized, adsorbed and included in the
microcapsules of soil particles (Girish S., Ajit
expresses the biological activity of the soil. The
enzyme associated with soil fertility, regulating
the amount of available nitrogen in plant and
plant growth. (Girish S.et al., 2011). Peroxide in
soil is formed during respiration and oxidation
V., 2011). Soil enzyme activities vary of organic matter (Andersen D.W., Gregorich
seasonally and have been related to soil E.G., 1980). Catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) decomposes
physiсo-chemical characters, microbial peroxide and its activity depends from organic
community structure, vegetation, disturbance oxygen concentration, microbe biomass,
and succession (Caldwell B. A. (2005). That is changes in CO2, and depends from
why soil enzymes play an important role in dehydrogenase, amidase, glucosidase and
formation, converting and decomposition of esterase activity in soils. Therefore an important
organic matter to the plant digestible forms, indicator of soil fertility and aerobic
decomposition of xenobiotics, involved in the microorganisms (Burns R.G., 1982). Urease (EC
nitrogen and other elements cycle and life 3.5.1.5) activity in soils depends from organic
cycling of soil microorganisms (Schaller K., and inorganic matter content; especially urease
2009). Nowaday soil enzyme activities have is very sensitive to heavy metals (Girish S.et al.,
been used as indicators in evaluation of soil 2011).
quality, climate changes, destruction and
toxification in ecosystems. Protease (EC 3.4.4…) EXPERIMENTAL
in soil plays a significant role in nitrogen Three types of soils samples were used in our
mineralization, more active in soils with a high study (table 1). In all soil samples moisture,
water and humus content forest soils and soluble protein, protease, catalase and urease
landfills. Activity of this enzyme does not activities were estimated.
16
Chemical composition and quality of some river of Mongol Altai
G.Erdenechimeg1, Munguntsetseg2
1
School of Pharmacy, HSUM
2
Faculty of Chemistry, NUM
e-mail:Chimge_5@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT: Main ions and guality of Hovd River and, its subrivers were studied.
Keywords: Hovd River, main ions, mineralization
INTRODUCTION EXPERIMENTAL
T
he surface water of Mongolia is classified Hydrochemical studies of the water samples were
into three groups according to its watershed; done using methods of O.A.Alekin (1973),
Arctic Ocean, Pacific Ocean and Continental U.U.Lurie (1971-1947) V.Leite (1975),
watershed. The continental watershed involves 68 % L.P.Sokolova (1989), L.A.Reznikov (1970),
of the surface area of Mongolia and 40 % of water D.Darimaa (1985), A.Munguntsetseg (2003). We
capacity. The system of Khovd River is in Khyargas have taken samples from the points of Khovd river
Lake Basin. The system of Khovd River involves 99 and its subrivers, and determined the location of
% of surface area of Bayan-Ulgii province, 21.0 % groundwater by JPS until October, 2010. We did
of surface area of Khovd province and 21.0 % of chemical composition analysis complex in Barnayl
surface area of Uvs province. Khovd river is the Laboratory of water institution in Russia
seventh longest and the fifth largest river in
Mongolia. Its source is the top glacials of Altai
Tavan Bogd Mountains and it flows to Khar-Us
Lake. Several other rivers, Tsagaan, Ikh, Uigar,
Sogoo, Sagsai, Khatuu, Khavchig, Shijigt, Uliastai,
Shurag, Shiver, whose sources are in the glacials of
Altai Tavan Bogd mountains flow to Khovd river.
G.N. Potanin /1883/, B.A. Smernov /1932/,
N.D.Bespalov /1951/, Sh.Luwsandorj /1959, 1968/,
D.Dawaasuren /1961/, N.Tsend, Sh.Sodnombaljer
/1964/, J.Tserensodnom /1971, 1975/, B. Tsendee
/1980/, B. Ariyadagva /1985/ did hydrochemical
studies from the points of the sample from Hovd
river. According to the classification of O.A.Alekin
from that research result Khovd river and its
subrivers and lakes waters belong to the group of
hydrocarbonate with low mineralization and low
hardness water. Beside that do some research and
summerize some materials, determine the
composition water from Mongol Altai mointain,
water gualified estimation, defermine pollution
source, collect some etalon materials. Figure 1. The points of the sample
19
Coumarins of Peucedanum baicalense and cytotoxic
activity of some isolated coumarins
J.Ganbaatar1, E.E.Shults2, Т.N.Petrova2, M.М.Shakirov2, D.Оtgonsuren1,
E.Munkhbat1, D.Badamkhand1, G.A.Tolstikov2, D.Batsuren1
1
Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS
2
Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SO RAN
ABSTRACT: It was shown that the plant Peucedanum baicalense (Redow.) Koch is the source of valuable coumarins.
Five linear furocoumarins – isoimperatorin, fellopterin, 8-(1,1-dimethylallyloxy) bergapten, deltoin and marmesin were
isolated from the roots of Peucedanum baicalense (Redow.) Koch. The structures of these compounds were elucidated
by spectroscopic methods. The cytotoxicity of isoimperatorin, fellopterin, 8-(1,1-dimethylallyloxy)bergapten and
deltoin was studied on models of human СEM-13, MT-4 and U-937 tumor cells. Compound 8-(1,1-
dimethylallyloxy)bergapten had the greatest cytotoxicity.
Keywords: Peucedanum baicalense, furocoumarins, isoimperatorin, fellopterin, 8-(1,1-dimethylallyloxy)bergapten,
deltoin, cytotoxic activity, tumor cells, X-ray analysis
INTRODUCTION Mongolian territory [3]. To our knowledge a
P lants of the genus Peucedanum sp. attract
an attention of many researchers as a
source of coumarins. Previously, we
isolated pyranocoumarin (+)-pterixin from
Peucedanum terebinthaceum Fischer et Turcz.
systematic phytochemical investigation of this
plant has not been properly carried out yet. The
aim of this study was to investigate coumarins
of Peucedanum baicalense (Redow.) Koch and
cytoxic activity some of the pure coumarins.
of the Mongolian flora [1]. Plants belonging to
Peucedanum species characterized as the source EXPERIMENTAL
of angular furocoumarins [2]. Coumarins are Roots of P. baicalense were
considered as phytoalexins since plants produce collected near the place Baruun buren, Selenge
them as defence substances when wounded or aimag, Mongolia in its butonization-flowering
attacked by other organisms. Coumarins can be period in 2012.
suggested to be beneficial for the plants . Air-dried ground
themselves as natural biocontrolling roots of Peucedanum baicalense (Redow.) Koch
antipathogenic compounds as well as for (400 g) were exhaustively extracted by
humans as remedy for hyperproliferative skin maceration with 96% EtOH (3x500 ml) at room
deseases and as reference compounds in various temperature. The EtOH extract was evaporated
bioactive tests. Furthermore, coumarin to an aqueous residue, which diluted with
containing plants are valuable as dietary distilled water (1:1), and filtered. The filtrate
supplements on the basis of their mild was fractionated by solvents with increasing
antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. polarity, i. e., n-hexane, diethyl ether and
Coumarins are also active in a plant ethylacetate, respectively. Each fraction was
metabolism, taking part in growth regulation. condensed by a rotatory evaporator. Then, the
Peucedanum baicalense (Redow.) Koch is a fractions were separated by column
plant which widely spread throughout the chromatography over silica gel.
23
Comparative study of essential oil constituents of Bupleurum
species from Mongolia
Sh.Altantsetseg, S.Shatar, N.Javzmaa
Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Ttechnology, MAS
e-mail: altaa12000@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT: Essential oils have been isolated from the Mongolian plant species Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd,
Bupleurum sibiricum Vest and Bupleurum multinerve DC by a hydro distillation method. The compositions of the
essentials oils were analyzed by GC and GC-MS methods. Indicating the following main constituents: limonene
(15.21%), p-cymene (11.54%), (E)-β-ocimene (10.50%), myrcene (8.09%), sabinene (6.56%), α-pinene (6.33%),
germacrene-D (4.08%), β-pinene (3.13%), δ-cadinene (2.73%), spathulenol (2.71%) and caryophyllene oxide (2.53%)
for B.scorzonerifolium; caryophyllene oxide (16.97%), spathulenol (7.25%), pentodecane (6.33%), α-pinene (4.20%),
limonene (3.30%), myrcene (3.09%), cis-carvylacetate (1.69%) and β-cubebene (1.43%) for B.sibiricum; germacrene-D
(19.41%), (E)-β-ocimene (18.63%), myrcene (9.13%), limonene (7.81%), E-caryophyllene (4.60%), sabinene (2.80%),
β-elemene (2.72%), bicyclogermacrene, β-pinene, γ-terpinene, (Z)- β-ocimene (2.00-2.10%), and caryophyllene oxide
(1.11%) for B.multinerve.
Keywords: Bupleurum scorzonerifolium, B.sibiricum, B.multinerve (Apiaceae), essential oil
composition
INTRODUCTION cardiovascular diseases, in addition to infectious
diseases4. A literature search is revealed many
T he genus Bupleurum is a very common
wild growing perennial and 150 species
of those originate from Euro-Asia[1].
The roots are collected in the spring and autumn
of those bitter herbs are used in herbal medicine
references of previous work those are on the
essential oils of Bupleurum species[6-8].
Volatile components of Bupleurum
scorzonerifolium and Bupleurum sibiricum from
that contain rutin, quercetin, organic acids the Mongolian flora have been
(oleic, linolenic, palmetic, stearic et al), investigated[9,10] previously, while there is no
stigmasterol and bupleuromol, as well as report on the volatile constituents of the aerial
calcium and potassium[2.3]. parts of Bupleurum multinerve.
The Bupleurum root is considered an herbal The aim of this paper was to investigate the
anti-inflammatory and antibacterial agent that chemical compositions of the essential oils of
may be useful for treating rheumatoid arthritis B.scorzonerifolium, B.sibiricum and
as well as it is a popular plant in traditional B.multinerve from the Mongolian forest-steppe
medical systems in Europe and Asia with region.
reputation in treatment of chronic enlarged liver
or spleen which are caused by chemicals and EXPERIMENTAL
other hepatic affects, liver stasis, liver Plant material. The aerial parts of the
congestion, depression and irregular B.sibiricum Vest were collected from Zuun-
menstruation[5]. haraa of the Selenge aimag, B.multinerve DC
In Mongolian traditional therapy, the aerial and B. scorzonerifolium Willd were collected
parts of Bupleurum species are used in some from Terelj, Hentii mountains in Mongolia
28
Comparison of hematological and histological analysis
of “Clinomon” and “Litovit-M” in mice
J.Oyuntsetseg1, P.Odnoo2, J.Ganbaatar1, L.Mandakhsaikhan1 L.Tsogtzandan2
1
Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS
2
Mongolian International University
ABSTRACT: Based on earlier studies we activated Mongolian Tsagaantsav zeolite by tribo-mechanical avtivation and
utilized it as a food additive, giving it the name Clinomon. This research is devoted to investigation whether the
supplementations of 2 levels (0.5%and 10%) of Clinomon and Litovit-M in the concentrate feed of mice have any
effects on their hematological parameters and compare parameters of Clinomon and Litovit-M.
Keywords: Tsagaantsav zeolite, Clinomon, Litovit-M, clinoptilolite, dietary supplement ,
hematological parameters, histo-pathology analysis.
INTRODUCTION clinoptilolite powders. Two mice were
M ongolia is rich in many types of
mineral resources; zeolite which has
unique properties is deservedly one of
them. Zeolite from the Mongolian Tsagaantsav
deposit has certain advantages like having
sacrificed from each group after 10, 20 and 30
days, and blood samples from these mice were
collected for hematological parameters and liver
and kidney were obtained for histopathological
analysis. The mice fed Clinomon and Litovit-M
similar chemical composition and physico- didn’t lose weight. Liver and kidney
chemical properties to zeolite from the Russian histopathology were not affected. Clinomon,
Kholinskii deposit. Based on earlier studies we made by Mongolian Tsagaantsav deposit’s
activated Mongolian Tsagaantsav zeolite by clinoptilolite and Litovit-M, made by Russian
tribo-mechanical avtivation and utilized it as a Kholinskii deposit’s clinoptilolite at the levels
food additive, giving it the name Clinomon. The of 0.5% and 10% in the concentrates doesn’t
aim of this research was to investigate whether have any adverse effect on RBC, WBC and
the supplementations of 2 levels (0.5%and 10%) HGB. From these results, we concluded that
of Clinomon and Litovit-M in the concentrate there were no significant differences between
feed of mice have any effects on their Clinomon and Litovit-M on hematological and
hematological parameters and compare histological analysis. In further, we should study
parameters of Clinomon and Litovit-M. it in long term with large variants animals.
Clinoptilolite were added to the standard mouse This paper was based on the animal welfare
ration. Four preparations differing in particle application of zeolite. We focused more on
size were tested: grilled by vibration mill (VC), previous studies about biomedicine and the
natural clinoptilolite (NC), tribomechanically animal nutrition of zeolite. Various biomedical
micronized clinoptilolite by attritor mill, named applications of natural zeolite. Clinoptilolite is
Clinomon (MC) and Russian dietary non-toxic and safe for use in human and
supplement Litovit-M (LM). A total of 54 CBA veterinary medicine. Animal fodder containing
strain mice were divided into 9 groups (n=6) zeolites has been shown to increase biomass
and supplied with food containing 0.5% or 10% production in fisheries [1], to promote weight
31
Determination of phenolic compounds in Moravian wines
S.Badamtestseg1, Ignc Hoza2, Pavel Valбšek2, Vlastimil Kubбň3
1
Department of Biological Active Products,
Drug Research Institute, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
2
Department of Biochemistry and Food Analysis,
Tomas Bata University, Zlin, Czech Republic
3
Institute of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry,
Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
e-mail:Badamtsetseg.s@monos.mn
ABSTRACT: Wines were made from Grьner Veltliner and Zweigelt and cultivars were grown in four different
geographical regions of Austria and Czech Republic; two wineries in Austria (Poysdorf, GroЯriedenthal) and two
wineries in the Czech Republic (Velkě Bнlovice, Bošovice). Eleven individual phenolics were quantified using a
HPLC/UV-VIS method.
Keywords: Moravian wine, phenolics, HPLC/UV-VIS, phenolic acids
INTRODUCTION The phenolic profiles in wine depend on the
phenols contained in the grapes, the extraction
T he phenols compounds in wine include a
large group of several hundred chemical
compounds, known as polyphenols that
affect the taste, color and mouthfeel of wine.
This large group can be broadly separated into
parameters, yeast strain, processing enzymes,
cap management, and alcohol concentration
[4,5], while the phenolic compounds of grapes
are affected by many factors such as genetic
variation, maturity, climatic and geographical
two categories such as flavonoids and non- conditions [6,7]. Other factors that influence the
flavonoids. Flavonoids include anthocyanins extent of phenolic extraction are the molecular
and tannins which contribute to the color and weight, size and type of phenolic molecules, the
mouthfeel of the wine. Non-flavonoids include surface area for the concentration gradient, other
stilbenes sach as resveratrol and compounds temperature treatments including grape and
derived from acids in wine like benzoic, caffeic must freezing and thermovinification, and
and cinnamic acid. factors that affect cell permeability [8].
White wine contains significantly lower In this study some flavonoids, phenolic acids,
amounts of total polyphenols compared with red flavonols and resveratrol were determined.
wines, mainly hydroxycinnamic acids, These compounds could be key agents of the
hydroxybenzoic acids and flavan-3-ols antioxidant action on the human metabolism
[1]. As a material for winemaking, the phenolic pathway, the reason why we wanted to obtain
compounds of wine grape are one of the most indication to qualify the wine from a nutritional
important aspects determining wine quality. A point of view. Also, the environmental
large number of published works have focused condition (temperature, rainfall/humidity, high
on the essential contributions of phenolic above sea level and geochemical characteristics)
profiles to wine quality and sensory properties can affect the wine maturation and consequently
[2, 3]. the concentration of its phenolic compounds.
37
Two new alkaloids from the aerial parts of Caryopteris mongolica Bunge.
M.Dumaa1, Ya.Gerelt-Od1, Zh.Puzhao2, L.Yinggang2, S.Javzan1,
D.Selenge1, G.Zhang2
1
Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS,
Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
2
Chengdu Institute of Biology, CHAS,
Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Two new alkaloids moncaryopterine A and moncaryopterine B were isolated from the aerial parts of
Caryopteris mongolica Bunge. by the column chromatography and HPLC methods. Molecular structures of them were
elucidated by MS, 1H, 13C, HSQC, HMBC, 1H/1H COSY, and 1H/1H NOESY NMR methods.
Keywords: Caryopteris mongolica Bunge. Verbenaceae, alkaloids,
moncaryopterine A, moncaryopterine B
INTRODUCTION Caryopteris iridoids, steroid glucosides,
C
aryopteris mongolica Bunge. is a phenylethanoids, diterpenoids, phenolic acids,
deciduous shrub and belongs to the α-caryopterone, a new pyranojuglone,
Verbenaceae family. It is widely clandonoside and its acetylated derivatives have
distributed throughout the Mongolian territory been isolated, respectively [10, 11, 12, 13, 14].
[1]. In addition, this plant species grows in some To the best of our knowledge there are no data
provinces of Hebei, Shanxi of Inner Mongolia on alkaloids in all species of Caryopteris.
and Gansu, China [2]. In fact, Caryopteris However, we are reporting here of the
mongolica is only species grown in Mongolia, molecular structure elucidation of two alkaloids
whereas about 16 other species are discovered isolated from the aerial parts of C. mongolica.
in different places of the world.
In Mongolian traditional medicine aerial parts EXPERIMENTAL
of C. mongolica have been used for the Plant material. The aerial parts of Caryopteris
treatment of haemorrhage, chronic bronchitis mongolica Bunge. were collected from Terelj
and for an increasing of the muscle strength and Mountain chains, vicinity of Ulaanbaatar,
urinary excretion [3]. In Chinese folk medicine during the flowering period in August 2010. Dr.
Caryopteris terniflora has been used as B. Mandakh, Institute of Botany, MAS has
antipyretic, expectorant and for the treatment of identified the plant species and voucher
tuberculosis, rheumatism and cold [4]. Some specimen was deposited at the Herbariums of
species of Caryopteris are cultivated for a the Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory,
decoration arrangement and ornamental Institute of Chemistry and Chemical
purposes. Technology of the Mongolian Academy of
Previous chemical investigations of Caryopteris Sciences.
mongolica showed the presence of essential Extraction and isolation of alkaloids. The air
oils, mono and sesquiterpenoids [5], hypolaetin- dried and powdered aerial parts (3.3 kg) of
7-glucoside [6], iridiod glucosides and steriods Caryopteris mongolica were extracted with
[7, 8, 9]. Moreover, from other species of 94% ethanol at room temperature for 3 times.
41
The comparison between novel reagent H-142, H-143, H-145 and xanthate for
flotation behaviour of molybdenum-containing ores
Z.Zolzaya, G.Burmaa, S.Enkhtuul, D.Khasbaatar,
M.Munkhshur, E.Otgonjargal
Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS
ABSTRACT: In this study, a novel flotation collector reagents were tested for molybdenum containing ore. H-142 (E)-
4-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-3-penten-2-one, H-143 (Z)-4-[(2-[(E)-1-methyl-3-oxo-1-byteny]) aminoethyl) amino]-3-
penten-2-one and H-145 (E)-4-[(6-[(E)-1-methyl-3-oxo-1-butenyl] aminohexyl) amino]-3-penten-2-one collector
reagents were used in flotation process for molybdenum containing ore. Maximum metal recoveries of molybdenum
were 63.61%, 67.80% and 68.13%, respectively. Molybdenum recovery of traditional collector butyl xanthate was
15.8%.
Keywords: Synthetic reagent, Flotation, Molybdenum, Collector
INTRODUCTION different capacity are used in the flotation
M olybdenum does not naturally occur
as a free metal on the Earth, but rather
in various states in minerals, which is
most frequently used as an alloying addition in
alloy and stainless steels [1]. Its alloying
process. Flotation chemicals are divided as
collector, coordinator and foaming according to
their purpose.
Here, we present the possibility use of novel
collector reagents such as (E)-4-[(2-
versatility is unmatched because its addition hydroxyethyl)amino]-3-penten-2-one (H-142),
enhances strength, hardenability, weldability, (Z)-4-[(2-[(E)-1-methyl-3-oxo-1-byteny])
toughness, elevated temperature strength and aminoethyl) amino]-3-penten-2-one (H-143)
corrosion resistance. and (E)-4-[(6-[(E)-1-methyl-3-oxo-1-butenyl]
Approximately, 50% all molybdenum aminohexyl ) amino]-3-penten-2-one) (H-145)
production comes from Cu-Mo ore as a by- that recover the molybdenum from the Cu-Mo
product [2]. Mongolia is a major producer and ore and compare the result with the traditional
exporter of copper and molybdenum collector BX.
concentrate, accounting for 1.2% of the world's
molybdenum production [3]. Molybdenum EXPERIMENTAL
recovery of Erdenet mining what is only one Main analysis and experiments were carried out
Cu-Mo mining industry in Mongolia is only in the laboratory of precious and rare metals,
45%. It needs to find a way to increase Institute of Chemistry and Chemical
molybdenum recovery. One of main minerals of Technology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences
molybdenum is molybdenite (MoS2) that begins and Central Laboratory of Geology. Samples
from primary process of geochemistry. were prepared from copper and molybdenum
Flotation means to concentrate the minerals ore of Erdenet mining in 2007. Novel reagents
according to their physical and chemical H-142, H-143 and H-145 as collectors that
diversity of surface, and specific character to be synthesized in the Irkutsk Institute of Organic
soaked with water. A several chemicals of
46
Investigation of glucan polysaccharides derived from
Fomes fomentarius (L.) Fr. grown in Mongolia
Ts.Bolor, N.Erdenechimeg, B.Amartuvshin, L.Munkhgerel, P.Odonmajig
1
Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS
e-mail: p_odonmajig@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT: This study was aimed to analyze chemical composition and to isolate the glucan polysaccharides of
fruiting bodies of F.fomentarius (L.) Fr. grown in Mongolia. Extraction with hot water (yield 0.91%) and alkali-
soluble extraction (yield 3.7%) were purified and examined by using PC, IR and viscometric analysis, respectively.
Water fraction showed mainly glucose, rhamnose and arabinose. This preparation contained 0.16% protein and
molecular weights were about 6829.3 Da. And Alkali- soluble extraction consist of glucose and rhamnose. The
molecular weight of these polysaccharides was 507.9 Da and contained 0.2% protein. Element analysis of Fomes
fomentarius (L.) Fr. showed that this fungus contains K, Mg, Ca, Zn and other elements favoring health.
Keywords: Fomes fomentarius ( L.) Fr., polysaccharide, monosaccharide, glucan
INTRODUCTION antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and
M edicinal mushrooms have been
widely used as tonic food and herb
remedy in many Asian countries since
ancient times. They comprise a vast and yet
largely untapped source of powerful new
antitumor activities [1, 3, 4]. As a result of its
perceived health benefits, F.fomentarius has
gained wide popularity as an effective medicine
and has become one of the valuable mushrooms
in China. The fall in supply and the increase in
pharmaceutical products and represent a source demand have stimulated interest in the search
of polysaccharides with antitumor and for substitutes of the natural products of the
immunostimulating properties [1, 2]. Therefore, fungus [5-10]. Also, methanol extract of
searching for alternative medicines and natural F.fomentarius had immunomodulatory activity
therapeutics for cancer therapy, medicinal [1]. Wasser S.P and Weis A.L have shown that
mushrooms are among the most promising the beta-glucans from fruiting body and
targets. Fomes fomentarius (Tender polypore) submerged and cultured mycelial biomass of
is a fungus of the Polyporaceae family. It is also F.fomentarius had antitumor activity [11].
used to make a popular drink, which is believed Mushroom’s polysaccharides, especially,
in Japan to be a tonic and to have an anticancer the high molecular weight β-D-glucan have
effect. It has also been reported that Fomes been considered to have anti-cancer activity.
fomentarius has an inhibitory effect of virus Many polysaccharides (glucans) purified from
infection on plants [1]. The fruiting body has mushroom fungi belong to either homoglycans
been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for or heteroglycans while others mostly bind to
many centuries for the treatment of various protein residues as polysaccharide-protein
diseases, including oral ulcer, gastro enteric complexes. The fungal antitumor
disorder, hepatocirrhosis, inflammation, and polysaccharides are mainly present as glucans
various cancers. Recent study has shown that with different types of glycosidic linkages, but
F.fomentarius has the effect of being some are true heteroglycans. Glucan from the
49
Investigation of medical mud from Holboolj Lake
G.Dolmaa, B.Nomintsetseg, G.Ganzaya
Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS
e-mail: ganzaya_g@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT: We have studied physicochemical properties and yield of free and linked organic compound, mineral
components, element and yield of macromolecular compounds of healing mud, which is collected from Holboolj Lake.
Minerals enter peloids underground as well as from the surface. They are leached out of the surrounding earth into the
peloid bed. We determined microcline -K(Si3AI)O8, quartz- SiO2 which is most common mineral on the face of earth
and albite - Na (AISi3O8) by X-Ray diffraction analysis. The organic matter of medical mud investigated using
chemical analysis and analytical technique. Some classes of biomolecules including humin, lipid, and carbohydrate
were identified. Humic acid which is the major part of peloid organic matter concentration varied 0.59% and 41.54% of
total organic matter of peloid. Composition of organic matter in peloid is to affect its chemical and physical property
and to empower bio-chemical process in mud. Holboolj Lake belongs to continental hydrosulfide peloid.
Keywords: peloid, hydrosulfide, mineral
INTRODUCTION Holboolj Lake and to provide some fundamental
P eloids are natural great product and multi-
component system, which consists of
minerals, water, salt, free and linked
organic matter and organo-mineral complex,
micro and macro elements, macromolecular
data which are useful to explain the therapeutic
effects of peloid.
EXPERIMENTAL
Sampling area. We selected and collected the
compounds. Peloids formed a very long period samples of the peloid from the bottom
of time by chemical, physical, biological and sediments of the Holboolj Lake that located at
geological processes, and that became 1330 m above the sea level and situated
healthfulness.[1]The first recorded use of southwest from Bogd sum, Baynkhongor
medical mud goes back to ancient Greek but province. The size of the lake is 0.6 km by 1,2
research work of medical mud was not km [2]. Water in this lake is highly mineralized.
performed until 19th century. Nowadays, many Methods. For investigation we have used MNS
country studied chemical composition and 5849:2008 [3] standard for determination of
properties of own country’s peloid. For general characteristics of peloid and organic
example, Russian scientists carried out matters isolated from dried peloids, that
extensive research on the chemical nature and preliminary washed by distilled water with the
therapeutic properties of the sapropel and peat. purpose of cleaning from salts, consistently
There are more than hundred lakes with medical extracted with hexane, chloroform, acetone, and
mud in Mongolian but we have studied mixture of ethanol: benzene (1:9). The
physicochemical properties and some organic concentration of total organic carbon (TOC)
compound of healing mud, which is collected was determined using rapid dichromate
from 30 lakes. The main objective of this paper oxidation of organic matter (Nelson and
is to determine the chemical, physical Sommers, 1996). The composition of organic
composition of natural healing mud from compounds was determined by IR method. IR
55
Investigation on characterization and liquefaction of coals
from Tsaidamnuur and Khoot deposits
S.Batbileg , Ya.Dabaajav, B.Purevsuren, J.Namkhainorov
Institiute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS
ABSTRACT: On the basis of proximate, ultimate, petrographic and IR analysis results have been confirmed that the
Khoot coal is a middle-rank D mark stone coal and Tsaidamnuur coal is a low-rank B mark lignite brown coal. The
results of X-ray fluorescence analysis of coal ash show that the Khoot and Tsaidamnuur coals are subbituminous coal.
The ash of Khoot coal has an acidic character and the ash of Tsaidamnuur coal has an alkaline character. The results of
pyrolysis of Khoot coal at different heating temperatures show that a maximum yield-10,3% of liquid product can be
obtained at 600oC. Also the results of pyrolysis of Tsaidamnuur coal at different heating temperatures show that a
maximum yield-13,7% of liquid product can be obtained at 500oC. The results of thermal dissolution of Khoot coal in
tetralin with constant mass ratio between coal and tetralin (1:1,8) at 450oC show that 60,8% of liquid product can be
obtained after thermal decomposition of the coal organic mass. Also the results of thermal dissolution of Tsaidamnuur
coal in tetralin with constant mass ratio between coal and tetralin (1:1,8) at 450 oC show that 80,0% of liquid product
can be obtained after thermal decomposition of the coal organic mass.
Keywords: pyrolysis, petrographic, mineral compounds, thermal dissolution
INTRODUCTION coal basin (Jurassic origin), which contains the
C
oal has been believed to be the major Baganuur, Ovdogkhudag, Aduunchuluun,
energy source and feedstock of chemical Tevshiin govi, Khoot, Tsaidam nuur and Shivee
industry among fossil resources in the ovoo deposits and this is located in the central
coming century because of its abundant economic region of Mongolia [1 ]. The most
reserves and easy availability. Because of important features of these deposits are accessed
instability on world oil market , the by opencast mining and coal can be transported
diversification of energy carriers is practically using the nearby railway. In Mongolia coal is
implemented in many countries with currently the main energy carrier for thermal
involvement of various nontraditional types of power plants and local boiler houses and there is
organic raw materials, primarily, coal, whose almost no other form of large-scale coal
reserves are much greater than oil and gas utilization industry [2 ]. Now Mongolia exports
reserves. Mongolia is the country of lack of oil about 15 million tons raw coal by trucks from
source with relative rich in coal resource. the South gobi to China. However, coal samples
Mongolia has 20 billion tons of proven coal from the Tavan tolgoi deposit have been
reserves and estimated resources totalling 163 assessed for benefication [3] and coke
billion tons, mostly of them is low-rank brown production [4 ], samples from Baganuur,
coal, but remain undeveloped due to a lack of Bayanteeg and Shivee ovoo deposits as fuel for
infrastructure. Such reserves include the huge pyrolysis [5], hydrogenation[6] and gasification
Tavan tolgoi deposit in the South Gobi, which [7,8]. Also samples from Ovdogkhudag and
contains over 5 billion tons of high quality stone Aduunchuluun deposits have been assessed for
and coking coal, but lies more than 400 km their liquefaction potential using facilities in
from the nearest railway. There is a large brown Japan [9]. However, the coals of Khoot and
58
Investigation of Phenolic Compounds of Scabiosa comosa,
structure elucidation of cosmosine
D.Batsuren1, A.Tuvshintugs1, B.Ganpurev2, B.Sodbayar2, B.Enkhjargal1, J.Tunsag1
1
Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS,
2
Health Sciences University of Mongolia
e-mail: dubatsuren@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT: From the areal parts of Scabiosa comosa Fisch. has been isolated cosmosine. The structure was
confirmed by chemical and spectral analysis.
Keywords: Scabiosa comosa, flavonoid, cosmosine, phenolic compounds, diethyl ester of caffeic acid,
apigenin, apigenin-O-glycoside, NMR
INTRODUCTION EXPERIMENTAL
I n traditional Mongolian medicine aerial
parts of Scabiosa comosa used for treatment
of diseases of urino-genital system and
kidney diseases.[1] From 88g ethylacetate
fraction of the aerial parts of Scabiosa comosa
For structure elucidation of compounds we used
1
H, 13C NMR, DEPT, two dimensional (H-H-
2D COSY HSQC HMBC) spectral methods.
Spectra recorded on BRUKER 500MHz NMR
spectrometer. Solvent dimethyl sulfoxide
isolated biologically active compound which (DMSO) is used. Chemical shifts expressed
has yellow colour. This compound was with ppm, spin-spin coupling – Hz, the quantity
crystallized by chloroform-acetone mixture and of protons calculated by integral curve.
filtrated, after drying we obtained 5,9mg For structure elucidation of the compound S-2
compound (S-2) belonging to flavonoid group. we dissolved it in DMSO and recorded their 1H
Compound S-2 separated by using of NMR spectra (Pig.1).
chloroform-methanol (98:2) system as eluent. According to 1H NMR spectra showed the
This work is the continuation of previous work presence of two protons at chemical shift 7.96
[2,3] concerning to isolation of caffeic acid’s ppm (2H, d, J=8Hz) and 6.93 ppm (2H, d,
diethyl ether and apigenin from Scabiosa J=8,5Hz), as well as two signals of aromatics
comosa. In papers [2,3] described this plant, protons with J=8Hz. Thus, compound S-2 might
date of collection, methods for isolation of be included to flavones, 4’ position of C-cycle
compounds as well as chromatographical substituted by functional groups. Because of
methods. This paper contain material influence of substituted groups protons H-2’, H-
concerning to isolation of S-2 (flavon 6’, H-3’, H-5’ transfer to magnitude equivalent
compound 7-O--D-glycopyranoside) and condition and detected signal of those two
structure elucidation by 1H, 13C NMR and two proton. This is common properly of two
dimensional spectral methods. substituted aromatic protons and referred to
66
Phytochemical constituents on leaves of Mongolian
Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.)
G.Davaakhuu1, N.Tsevegsuren1, Ts.Bulgan2
1
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, NUM,
Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
2
School of Technology MUST,
Darkhan, Mongolia
ABSTRACT: Sea buckthorn (H.rhamnoids L.), a member of the family Elaeagnaceae, is a deciduous spiny shrub or
small tree and widely distributed in cold regions of Mongolia such as Khangai, Mongol Daguur, Khovd, Mongol Altai,
Gobi Altai and Great Lakes regions. They are rich source of vitamins (especially vitamin C), sugars, organic acids and
bioactive compounds. We have conducted biochemical and phytochemical studies of leaves Mongolian Sea buckthorn
varieties (Ayaganga, B-32, and Prevoskhodnaya). The contents of flavonoids and proteins in Mongolian sea buckthorn
leaves were ranged 0.29-0.35%, 16.43-19.50%. We conclude that leaves of Sea buckthorn growing in Mongolia contain
similar biologically active substances and vitamin C (110.8-154.3 mg%) like berries and might be serve as raw material
for producing of essential dietary products.
Keywords: Sea buckthorn, H.rhamnoids L., Elaeagnaceae
INTRODUCTION isoprenols (Salenko et al, 1986; Uransanaa et al,
S
ea buckthorn (H.rhamnoids L.), a member 2003; Tiffany et al, 2005; Gupta et al., 2005; Zu
of the family Elaeagnaceae, is a et al., 2006; Ranjith, 2009; Efterpi, 2012). The
deciduous spiny shrub or small tree plant has been used extensively in oriental
between 2-4 m high, hard, drought and usually traditional system of medicine for treatment of
cold tolerant, useful for the land reclamation asthma, skin diseases, gastric ulcers and lung
and farmstead protection (Ligaa et al, 2005; disorders (Ligaa et al, 2005; Ranjith, 2009).
Camelia et al, 2008). Sea buckthorn (SBT) is Besides the berries and seeds, leaves of Sea
widely distributed in cold regions of Mongolia buckthorn have also been reported as having
such as Khangai, Mongol Daguur, Khovd, nutritional properties and have been used in
Mongol Altai, Gobi Altai and Great Lakes some countries to produce leaf extract, tea, tea
regions (Juuperelmaa, 2011). In Mongolia SBT powder, animal feed, pharmaceuticals and
grows approximately 4000 hector area and cosmetics (Tiffany et al, 2005; Suryakumar and
covers major part of the forest area in the region Gupta, 2011; Efterpi, 2012;). The phenolic
and is being used as food and pharmaceutical compounds found in the leaves have been
applications (Avdai, 2012). reported as useful antioxidants (Bandoniene et
All parts of Sea buckthorn are considered to be al, 2000; Vaher and Koel, 2003). The
rich source of a large number of bioactive phytochemical information of Mongolian Sea
substances like flavonoids, carotenoids, buckthorn leaves is scarce in the literature. In
vitamins (C, E, K), tannins, phenols, this study were investigated in detail for
triterpenoids, glycerides, proteins, some phytochemical composition and antioxidant
essential amino acids, minerals (Ca, Mg and K), properties of Mongolian Sea buckthorn
folic acid, free and esterified sterols and varieties.
72
Phytochemical and pharmacological studies on the traditional
Mongolian drug Garidi-5
E.Sugarjav1, B.Uuganbayar1, G.Davaakhuu2, Z.Oyun1, P.Molor-Erdene3,
Z.Ariunaa1, Ch.Chimedragchaa1, S.Oldokh3
1
Traditional Medical Science, Technology and Production Corporation
2
School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering,NUM,
3
Health Sciences University of Mongolia
e-mail: suugii324@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT: Garidi-5, a traditional medicine composed of 5 herbs including Terminalia chebula Retz., Aconitum
Kusnezoffii Reichb., Acorus calamus L., Saussurea lappa L., and musk of Moschus moschiferus, has been used in
traditional Mongolian medicine as an analgesic and antibacterial medicine. Bioactive compounds of Garidi-5 were
determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu method. An antioxidant potential of the methanol extract of Garidi-5 was evaluated
by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay. Writhing was induced in mice by an intraperitoneal
injection of 0.6 % acetic acid solution (10 ml/kg). Water extract of Garidi-5 was given orally at concentrations of 20
mg/kg, 80 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg. Aspirin was used as a standard medicine (100 mg/kg). Gallic acid, α-azarone,
costunolide, alkaloids and testosterone were detected in Garidi-5. Methanol extract of Garidi-5 showed the highest
(95.11%) DPPH radical scavenging activity at concentration of 0.05 µg/ml. Moreover, Garidi-5 significantly reduced
the number of writhes induced by acetic acid in mice by 40.4-47.9% suggesting that it has peripheral antinociceptive
effect.
Keywords: Garidi-5, antioxidant, antinociceptive effect
INTRODUCTION is rich in sesquiterpenoid lactones and
G
aridi-5 has been used in traditional terpenoids [7]. In the present study,
Mongolian medicine as an antibacterial antioxidative and antinociceptive activities of
and analgesic agent for treatments of Garidi-5 were examined. Phytochemical
various diseases including typhus, dyphteria, screening was also performed to determine the
joint conditions, neurological and skin presence of some bioactive components
disorders. Garidi-5 is composed of 5 herbs including gallic acid, total alkaloids, α-azarone,
including Terminalia chebula Retz., Aconitum costunolide, and testosterone.
Kusnezoffii Reichb., Acorus calamus L.,
Saussurea lappa L., and musk of Moschus EXPERIMENTAL
moschiferus [1,2]. As written in traditional Animals. Specific pathogen-free white mice
medical sourcebooks the compounds of Gairidi- weighing 20-30 g were used for the study and
5 mainly balance humors, detoxify the body, all were housed in a quiet room with 12 h
kill bacteria and relieve pain [2]. A variety of light/dark cycle. The study protocol was
bioactive substances have been detected in the approved by the Ethical Committee of the
components of Garidi-5. Terfalvin B and gallic Health Sciences University of Mongolia and the
acid have been found in Terminalia chebula care and handling of animals were in
Retz. [3]. Diterpene alkaloids [4,5,6] and accordance with the principles of the Helsinki
polysaccharides have been isolated from the Declaration.
root of Terminalia chebula. Saussurea lappa L.
75
Preliminary results on characterization of various coal combustion products
from Mongolian thermal power stations and their application for preparation of
geopolymers
A.Minjigmaa, Ts.Zolzaya, B.Davaabal, U.Bayarzul, J.Temuujin
Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS
ABSTRACT: At present, over 90% of Mongolian electricity is produced by combined heat and thermal power stations.
The main coal deposits used for Central power system's power stations are Baganuur, Shivee-ovoo lignite type coal and
Shariin gol bituminous coal. In Mongolia almost 600,000 tonnes of coal combustion by-products are disposed of in
waste ponds. In this paper we report preliminary characterisation of Mongolian coal combustion by-products including
fly ashes sourced directly from thermal power stations and ash retrieved from ponds. It was determined that fly ashes
generated from Baganuur and Shivee-ovoo coal deposits are class C, while ash from Shariin gol coal is class F
(according the ASTM C618). All ash products were characterised by chemical, mineralogical, granulometrical,
porosity, FE-SEM and radiation methods. Fly ashes sourced directly from power stations were found to be more
suitable for manufacture of geopolymers for building materials application.
Keywords: coal, coal combustion by-products, synthesis, geopolymers
INTRODUCTION million tonnes. Ash products are usually
T he most common usage of coal is
burning as a solid fuel to produce
electricity. It is estimated that around
40% of total electricity produced in the world is
generated by coal burning
disposed of in landfill or in ash ponds, but with
such enormous volumes it is creating
environmental problems and becoming costly
overhead for coal fired power generation. Thus,
there is a strong incentive to find useful and
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal) and this is sustainable ways to utilise ash products (Wang
likely not to be decreased by near future. and Wu, 2006). Currently worldwide utilisation
Approximately 10-30% of the original coal is is about 16% of total the total ash produced,
not consumed in the burning process and though it varies from country to country. For
remains as coal combustion by-products. instance, Japan utilises over 97% of coal ash
Generally, the chemical, mineralogical (http://www.jcoal.or.jp/coaltech_en/coalash/ash
composition and volume of the coal combustion 01e.html) while in Australia over 40% of the
by-products are determined by the content and ash isutilised
composition of the inorganic constituent of the (http://www.adaa.asn.au/documents/ADAA_Ms
original coal and design and operation of the hip_Report_2010.pdf). Recent reports have
power station (Jha et al., 2008). Coal indicated that Mongolia has total coal reserves
combustion by-products also can be divided into of over 150 billion tonnes located in more than
different types; namely bottom ash or boiler 200 coal deposits within 12 coal basins
slag, fly ash and flue gas desulphurisation (http://www.mmre.energy.mn/branch/now/103/
materials. In a review on fly ash utilisation detail/1004090003/). In Mongolia over 90% of
Ahmaruzzaman (2010) states that the world's electricity is produced by coal fired power
current annual production of coal ash is around stations. The maximum energy production of all
600 million tonnes of which fly ash is about 500 the power stations is 4,256 million kWh,
78
Protein and amino acid compositions in some
Mongolian wood-rotting fungi
Sh.Naranmandakh
School of Biology and Biotechnology, NUM
e-mail: smandakh@num.edu.mn
ABSTRACT: In this study the contents of total nitrogen, crude protein, easy extracted protein and the compositions of
free and protein’s amino acids in five wood-rotting fungi, growing in Mongolia were analyzed. All those fungi are
medicinal and the medicinal use of them has a very long tradition in the Asian countries. Dried wood-rotting fungi
Fomitopsis officinalis (Vill. ex Fr.) and Inonotus obliquus (Pers. ex Fr.) contain very low crude protein (8.06% and
9.12%, respectively) in comparison with edible mushrooms. The protein content of the other 3 species Fomes
fomentarus (L. ex Fr.), Fomitopsis pinicola (Schwarts. ex Fr.) and Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull. ex Fr.) were range from
20.79 to 28.31% such as in most medicinal mushrooms. All investigated fungi are a good source of brain amino acids as
aspartic and glutamic acids. A high amount of essential free amino acids such as tryptophan, cysteine and methionine
was determined in all investigated wood-rotting fungi although some of them showed a low content of protein.
Keywords: medicinal fungi, nitrogen content, protein, essential amino acids
INTRODUCTION
F ungi have influenced human affairs for (Hobbs, 1995). Mushrooms are considered to be
thousands of years, either as a direct food a good source of digestible protein, with protein
source and in a food process, or as a content greater than most vegetables, but
medicine. The nutritive and medicinal values of somewhat less than meat and milk. The protein
mushrooms have been recognized all over the content in mushrooms can vary between 10-
world. Mushrooms and primarily 40% by dry mass. As well, mushrooms contain
basidiomycetes contain a high amount of all essential amino acids: however, hold limited
proteins, essential amino acids, minerals, amounts of the sulphur-containing amino acids
vitamins and fibers (Chang, 1996). Some of such as cysteine and methionine (Breene, 1990).
them produce substances having potential In Mongolia many species of basidiomycetes
medical effects, are called medicinal are growing, which are widely used in
mushrooms. Researchers suggested that they traditional medicine. In Mongolian tradition a
use for treatment of certain types of cancer, wood-rotting basidiomycetes mainly used as a
boost the immune system and reduce the risk of tea. According on this reason we have chosen
coronary heart disease, because some of the wood-rotting fungi. Main biological active
edible mushroom species possess compositions of medicinal fungi are proteins
pharmacological properties (Kalac, 2009). and amino acids. But proteins and amino acid’s
Mushrooms are low in calories, lack cholesterol composition of Mongolian medicinal fungi have
and virtually do not contain fat and sodium. never been investigated up to now.
Selenium and niacin that play important role in The aim of the present study was to determine
the immune system, thyroid system and the the contents of proteins and composition of the
male reproductive system and cancer prevention free and protein amino acids in five wood-
are sufficiently contained in mushrooms rotting fungi, growing in Mongolia.
82
Removal characteristics of arsenic by Fe-Mn layered
double hydroxide and double oxide
E.Otgonjargal1, Kitae Baek2, Ts.Batjargal3, Jung-Seok Yang4
1
Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS
2
Department of Environment Engineering,
Chonbuk National University, Republic of Korea
3
Ministry of Environmental and Green Development, Mongolia
4
KIST-Gangneung Institute, Republic of Korea
e-mail: otgoo8425@gmail.com
ABSTRACT: In this study, Fe-Mn-CO3 layered double hydroxides (Fe-Mn LDHs) and Fe-Mn double oxide (Fe-Mn
DOs) were prepared by the co-precipitation methods to remove arsenite and arsenate. The physico-chemical
characteristics of adsorbents were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectrum, Fourier transform
infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The adsorption characteristics of arsenite and arsenate were
investigated in points of adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics usaing batch and column experiments.
The adsorption of As(III) onto Fe-Mn LDHs and Fe-Mn DOs were occurred five times faster than that of As(V), where
pseudo-second order model was well fitted with the experimental data compared to other kinetic models. The
adsorption capacity of arsenic from solution by Fe-Mn LDH and Fe-Mn DOs were more fitted to both the Langmuir
and Freundlich isotherms compared to Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich adsorption isotherm models. The adsorption
of arsenic onto the Fe-Mn LDH and Fe-Mn DOs increased with the decrease in pH because of more positive charge of
surface due to protonation.The results indicate that the Fe-Mn LDHs and Fe-Mn DOs are a novel and excellent
adsorbents for the removal of arsenic.
Keywords: Arsenite, Arsenate, Layered Double oxide, Double oxide, Adsorption
INTRODUCTION it is difficult to remove As(III) by adsorption
A
rsenic (As) pollution in drinking or processes, and, therefore, As(III) requires
surface water has become a worldwide oxidation before adsorption.
environmental issue and is a serious Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are two-
threat to human health. In many countries, dimensional nanostructured anionic clays found
numerous people have been made ill by arsenic- in naturally occurring minerals. Generally,
contaminated groundwater. In 2006, the World LDHs contain divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent
Health Organization (WHO) lowered the metal cations and hydroxyl groups in octahedral
standard for As in drinking water to 0.01 mg/L sheets, and oxyanions or water molecules are
[1]. In nature, As exists as the inorganic imported into the interlayer region between the
oxyanionic forms As(V) and As(III): As(III) is sheets[4, 5]. Many research groups have
more toxic than As(V), and its removal is more reported the potential of LDHs to remove
difficult [1]. A common choice to remove toxic inorganic contaminants such as oxyanions and
compounds from aqueous streams is the process mono-atomic anions from aqueous solutions by
of adsorption. As(V) can be easily removed by the processes of adsorption and ion exchange.
adsorption technology using adsorbents Recently, great interests on Fe-Mn oxide have
including iron oxyhydroxide[2], activated been increasing for arsenic removal.
alumina, and steel-making slags [3]. However, Chakravarty et al. [6] and Deschamps et al. [7]
87
Relationship between structure and thermodynamic
activity of carbon black
A.M.Amdur1, V.V.Pavlov1, B.Purevsuren2, L.Munkhtuul1
1
Ural State Mining University, Yekaterinburg, Russia
2
-Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
ABSTRACT: The role of carbon black is especially important in cokeless metallurgy. Carbon black can be isolated at
less hot zones (less than 720oC) in metallurgical ovens according to equation of Buduara: 2CO = C +CO 2. The
particles of carbon black obtained by the reaction of Buduara are characterizing with complicated open-work structure
including globular amorphous parts and graphitized crystalline elements connected by crosspieses with size in
nanometric range ( from 0,1 µm to 3µm). The carbon black is characterizing with increased Gibbs’s energy and high
kinetic activity because of its dispersed and amorphous structure.
Keywords: carbon, carbon black, reduction reaction, globular amorphous
INTRODUCTION - r after which a new surface SV will be created, a
work A=σSV will be done, and the thermodynamic
C
arbon black is a more active reductor in
metallurgical process in comparison with potential (G) will be increased by the same value
other solid fuels. It can be isolated at less hot ΔG o = A = σSV. If we accept that the particles have
zones (less than 720 oC) in metallurgical ovens spherical form, then specific surface S is equal to
according to equation of Buduara [1]. their surface 4рr2, divided onto the volume V=(
4рr3)/3, S = (4рr2) / ( 4рr3)/3 =3/r, then
2CO = C +CO2 (1)
ΔGo =A=σ S V = 3σM/dr (2)
The role of carbon black is especially important in
cokeless metallurgy. The content of carbon in a The pressure P of steam, thermodynamic activity
metalized pellets (briquette) should correspond to and constant K of reaction equilibrium, in which
the mark of smelting steel. It can be regulated by participate dispersed substance depends from the
saturation of spongy iron carbon with carbon black, potential G0 by exponent. Therefore increasing the
being a product of methane decomposition in a potential Go of liquid by the value (2) brings to
cooler zone of shaft furnace. The important growth of the pressure P of steam and constant K in
advantage of carbon black in comparison with other exp (3 σM/d r RT) once in comparison with the
solid fuels consists in the fact that it is isolated or value for weight of substances P0, K0:
formed from the gas phase and therefore does not
contain ash and other admixtures of ordinary fuel. P / P0= ехр(3σМ / d r RT); ( 3 )
Increased thermodynamic and kinetic activity of К / К0 = ехр(3σМ / d r RT).
carbon black is based on its high dispersion, highly
developed reaction surface and also by unstable Therefore for example the pressure of water steam
internal structure of the atomic packing, often increases when the size of water drops decrease.
having not crystalline but amorphous structure. Lets to see a mist consists of nano-drops of water
Let’s consider the increase of thermodynamic with radius 1 nanometer. The tension of water σ =73
activity after dispersing. If there is a mole of the mJ/m2, molecular weight M = 18 10-3 kg/mole,
substance with a volume V=M/d (M-molecular density d=1000 kg/м3. So for such drops with radius
weight, d-density) pound onto particles with radius
98
Some phytochemical constituents and bioactivity of water and
ethanolic extract of Rumex acetosella L.
D.Punsaldulam1, E.Munkhbat2, D.Otgonsuren2
1
Institute of Botany, MAS,
2
Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS
e-mail: puunaa0925_mn@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT: Total flavonoids, anthocyanins and hydrolysable tannin’s contents were determined in water and
alcoholic extract in different parts of Rumex acetosella L. Antioxidant assays and brine shrimp cytotoxicity assay were
followed. Maximum amount of flavonoid (59.67±0.4 mg/g) determined in leaf’s ethanolic extract, the hydrolyzable
tannins - in root’s ethanolic extract (94.78±1.45 mg/g) and the anthocyanins (0.14%) in flower’s ethanolic extract.
Maximum correlation occurred between hydrolyzable tannins and reducing power or antioxidant capacity (p = 0.001,
R2 = 65.5% and 85.8%, p = 0.001, respectively). In preliminary result of brine shrimp assay, significant deaths of
nauplii were observed only in root extracts (LD50≈160µg/ml in ethanol and≈1000 µg/ml in water extract).
Keywords: flavonoids, anthocyanins, condensed tannins, brine shrimp assay
INTRODUCTION reveal anticancer compound - taxol, which is
R umex are plants distributed widely in
Mongolia. Totally, 13 species are found.
Some of these species are used in
traditional medicine to treat several unhealthy
conditions (1). Rumex plants are reported to
used in chemotherapy against cancer (7).
EXPERIMENTAL
Plant materials were collected in June, 2012 in
flowering stage from Batnorov sum, Dornod
contain anthraquinones, flavonoids (2,3), province. After collection, plants were separated
naphthalenes (4), proanthocyanidins (5,6), into flower, leaf, stem and root and air dried at
phloroglucinol (6). R. acetosa L. (2), room temperature. Extraction was done in three
R.nepalensis L. (4) showed cytotoxic activity. different conditions: 1 hour in distilled water at
However, there is no enough scientific boiling water bath, 48 hours in distilled water
information about phytochemicals and their and in 70% ethanol. Phytochemicals and
bioactivity of R.acetosella L. A medicinal plant bioactivity assays were conducted in these
book said that this plant had purgative, diuretic, extracts. Brine shrimp cyst was purchased from
antibacterial and wounds repairing activity (1). local fish store and kept in dark, cool place. All
Therefore, we aimed at investigating some chemicals used were analytical grade.
phenolics of R.acetosella L. and their Spectrophotometric determination of total
relationship with antioxidant capacity. Many flavonoids. Quantitative determination of
biological activities such as antioxidant activity flavonoids in water and ethanol extract of
are attributed to plant phenolics. Also, possible different parts of plants were carried out using
usage of polyphenolics as remedy for cancer aluminium chloride spectrophotometric method
treatment is extensively studied recently. In this described by Ruch with slight modifications
study, brine shrimp cytotoxicity assay was used (8,9). In short, 200µl of previously prepared
to assess possible cytotoxic effect. According plant extracted were mixed with same amount
to J.B. Harborn (1998), this test was used to of AlCl3 in ethanol and final volume was made
102
Synthesis and their photodynamic activity
of new photosensitizers for PDT
B.Bayarmaa1, Young Key Shim2
1
Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology of MAS, Ulaanbaatar Mongolia,
2
PDT Research Institute, School of Nano Systems Engineering,
Inje University, Gimhae, Republic of Korea
e-mail: bbayarma@gmail.com
ABSTRACT: The main goal of this research is to synthesize new candidates of chlorin based photosensitizers and to
evaluate their the antitumor photodynamic effect. In this research we used A549 (human lung carcinoma cell). The
cytotoxic activity was measured by microculture tetrazolium (MTT) assay, and morphological changes induced by PDT
were checked by microscopy. The cytotoxic effect of photosensitizers was shown to increase depending upon the
concentration of photosensitizers. New chlorin derivative photosensitizers were low toxic to tumor cells in the absence
of light, while there was remarkable tumor cell death after photodynamic therapy.
Keywords: photodynamic therapy, photosensitizer, tropolone, lung cancer cell
INTRODUCTION particular substituents on the chlorin parent ring
P hotodynamic therapy (PDT) is relatively
new method for the treatment of
cancerous and nonmalignant tumors
using a combination of visible or near-infrared
light and a ligth -activated drug, or
may have a large influence on the
photosensiting properties of the compound
when used in PDT treatments.
Chlorin-based photosensitizers, with a variety of
substituents on the periphery of the parent ring,
photosensitizer [1,2]. The photosensitizer is have been synthesized and exhibit strong
activated by light to produce a cytotoxic absorption in the red visible region. This strong
species, which in turn promotes the destruction absorption allows for deeper light penetration
of the target tissue [3]. and therefore higher efficiency for singlet
In the presence of molecular oxygen, the oxygen generation. In addition, the ease with
photosensitizer elicits a photochemical reaction which these compounds can be chemically
resulting in the production of highly a reactive modified allows tailoring of properties such as
species, particularly singlet oxygen [4], which is aggregation and cellular uptake.
toxic to the cells in which it is produced. The Modification of the β-position on the porphyrin
behavior of the photosensitizer is thus or chlorin ring increases the degree of cell
paramount to understanding, and improving, the penetration and affords many advantageous
efficacy of the PDT-based treatments. Emphasis pharmacological properties. Seven-membered
in the development of new photosensitizers has cyclic compounds linked to a chlorin skeleton,
been placed primarily on the natural chlorins, such as 2-hydroxy-2,4,6-cycloheptatriene-1-
which differ markedly from symmetric one, also known as tropolone (TRN), may
porphyrins, the former having substantially exhibit several pharmacological advantages.
stabilized S1-energies, strong Q-absorption The chemical structure of tropolone has been
bands, and unique redox reactivities. Previous known since 1945, and contains aromatic
reports [5] suggest that the placement of features [6]. Lung cancer are a frequent cause of
108
Synthesis and catalytic test of bimetallic Pd-Ag nanoparticle
prepared by the impregnation method
Sh.Nyamdelger1, G.Burmaa1,Christian Weilach2 and Karin F ttinger2
1
Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS,
Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
2
Institute of Materials Chemistry,
Vienna University of Technology, Austria
e-mail:nyamdelger@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT: We have synthesized mono and bimetallic catalysts (Pd,Ag, Pd-Ag, Ag-Pd) supported on γ-Al2O3 by
the sequential impregnation method. The bimetallic catalysts were prepared with a fixed Pd loading (4 wt.%) by
incipient impregnation of one metal precursor and calcination, followed by the impregnation of the second metal
precursor and a second calcinations step. Obtained materials were characterized by TEM, XRD and IRAS and
catalytic test measurements. The temperature programmed CO oxidation and IR results showed that the bimetallic
catalysts consisted of alloyed nanoparticles and indicated that the surface mainly consists of isolated Pd atoms in
a Ag matrix. The catalytic activity of the catalysts for hydrodechlorination of TCE was tested. For the pure Pd/γ-
Al2O3 catalyst, the catalytic activity was observed in the hydrodechlorination reaction of TCE. The catalytic
performance of the bimetallic samples was poor under these conditions, but may be increased by changing the Pd/Ag
ratio or the H2/TCE ratio e.g. during reaction.
Keywords: nanoparticles; bimetallic catalysts; impregnation method; hydrodechlorination
INTRODUCTION waste [Gentsler,2008]. These are:
E nvironmental pollution
polychlorinated aromatic (PCA) and
aliphatic (PCAl) species is of great
concern today. Such compounds are distributed
by
widely throughout the world due to their diverse
1. Hydrogenation leads to complete conversion
of original organic compound to its non
harmful derivative in mild condition
2. Selective reaction take place during
recycling allowing dechlorination of
use. Such compounds can be released into chlorinated organic compounds of different
water, soil and air from household or concentration.
industrial facilities. The options of their 3. During hydrogenation no secondary toxic
disposal related to incineration, pyrolysis, compounds (e.g. chlorine NOx, phosgene
biological treatment and catalytic oxidation are and dioxin) will be produced
associated with drawbacks of high toxic 4. No energy needed during catalytic
emissions such as dioxins, low rate of reaction convertion
and high energy cost [Beteley, 2011]. The most For the establishment of method for
challenging method for recycling and hydrogenation of chloroaromatic compounds,
dechlorination of such compound is conversion an establishment of catalytic system fulfilling
to ecologically friendly derivatives. On the other condition for stable catalysator with high
hand, catalytic dechlorination and activity is of utmost importance. Noble metals
hydrogenation are methods of choice for are very active for the hydrodechlorination of
detoxication and recycling of halogenorganic chlorine organic compounds producing fully
114
Spectroscopic study and implications for biological reactive oxygen space
sensing of the inorganic DMSO/POCl3 reaction with BODIPY
N.Amgalan1, 2, Taehong Jun2, Kang Mun Lee2, HyuDavid G.Churchill2
1
Department of General and Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, NUM, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia,
2
Molecular Logic gate Laboratory, Department of Chemistry,
KAIST, Republic of Korea
e-mail: n_amgalan@num.edu.mn
ABSTRACT: The reaction of boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) species with DMSO and POCl 3 to afford the 2-
chloro,6-methylsulfido derivatives [1]. Systems underwent reaction to give the 4,4-difluoro-2-chloro-6-methylsulfido-8-
(C4H3X)-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (Compounds 2a-2d). The species were characterized completely by NMR (1H,
13
C) and X-ray diffraction.
Keywords: BODIPY; Sulfido; Sulfur oxidation; Fluorescence; DMSO.
INTRODUCTION state increases; subsequent fluorescence or
B
asic fluorescent properties of fluorescent colorimetric changes may ensure. The novel 4-
probe are heavily dependent on the difluoro-2-chloro-6-methylsulfido-1,3,5,7-8-phenyl-
fluorophore, that is selected as the main 4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene was synthesized with
skeleton of the fluorescent probe.In our case, the DMSO/POCl3.
choice of difluoroboradiaza-s-indacenes, commonly
denoted boron-dipyrromethene dyes (F- EXPERIMENTAL
BODIPY)reflects the thinking that this class of General Considerations. All chemicals used herein
compounds would act as a very efficient fluorescent were used as received from commercial suppliers
label and that the surrounding decoration might act (Aldrich, Acros, and Junsei companies). The
as the recognition sites for many different analytes. synthetic details for the preparation of the
Furthermore, the optical properties can be tuned to dipyrromethanes and for the BODIPY systems
an incredible large extended by modifying the follow literature methods [2].1H and 13C NMR
pyrrole core,the central meso-position and the boron spectra were acquired using a BrukerAvance 300 or
substituents. 400 MHz spectrometer. TMS was used as an
BODIPY is a fluorescent probe for indexing lipid internal standard. 1H and 13C NMR spectral signals
peroxidation and antioxidant efficacy in model were calibrated internally by the respective protio
membrane systems and living cells, with excellent impurity or carbon resonance of the CDCl 3 (1H
characteristics; emission in the visible range of the NMR: δ 7.24; 13C NMR: δ 77.0) or CD2Cl2 solvent
electromagnetic spectrum, with good spectral (1H: δ 5.32, 13C: δ 53.8). C, H, N elemental
separation of the monoxidized (595 nm) and analyses were measured using a Vario EL III CHNS
oxidized (520 nm) forms [1]. elemental analyzer. High resolution matrix-assisted
Herein, we report the facile synthesis and properties laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass
of a new BODIPY dye bearing a methylthioether spectrometry was performed on a VG AUTOSPEC
group. Compounds 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d have been ULTIMA by the research support staff at KAIST.
previously reported by this research group [2]. This instrument possesses a tri sector double
Sulfide substitutions can become chemically focusing magnetic sector analyzer and was operated
oxidized species and give rise to discrete valence at a resolution of 80,000. To introduce the desired
120
Study of biological activity compounds in some
Mongolian medicinal plants
S.Bayaraa, J.Batkhuu, A.Bayanmunkh, L.Khurelbaatar
Drug research institute
e-mail:sb0330@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT: The aim of this study is to investigate biological activity compounds in Mongolian traditional medicinal
plants, such as Vaccinium Vitisidaea L., Iris tenufolia Pall., Oxytropis pseudoglandulos and Ribes diacanthum Pall. We
were determined total flavonoid, total coumarin, tannin and saponin by method of Mongolian National Pharmacopeia
[1] and antibacterial activity by paper-disk method [2]. Content of biological activite compounds in plant raw material
were: 1.25-7.40% of total flavonoids, 2.06-4.13% of total coumarins, 2.13-6.30% of tannins and 2.80-4.71% saponins
in plants and 43.43-233.58 mg% of total flavonoids and 4.00-752.66 mg% of total coumarins in extracts of plants.
Vaccinium Vitisidaea L., Iris tenufolia Pall. and Oxytropis pseudoglandulos have antibacterial activity. But Ribes
diacanthum Pall. was not determine antibacterial acitivity.
Keywords: Vaccinium Vitisidaea L., Iris tenufolia Pall., Oxytropis pseudoglandulos, Ribes diacanthum Pall,
antibacterial acitivity
INTRODUCTION and saponin were determined by method of
T he kidney diseases are increasing year by
year in our country. In traditional
medicine many plants used for treatment
of kidney diseases. The biological activity of
all compounds and antibacterial activity of the
Mongolian National Pharmacopeia, MNS
4163:2009, MNS 4166:1993 and MNS
4441:1997[1]. Vaccinium Vitisidaea L. was
extracted with water (1:10), Ribes diacanthum
was extracted in water (1:5), Iris tenufolia and
extract of Vaccinium Vitisidaea L., root of Iris Oxytropis pseudoglandulos were extracted with
tenufolia Pall., herb of Oxytropis ethanol 70%. (1:10). Extract of Iris tenufolilia,
pseudoglandulos and Ribes diacanthum Pall Oxytropis pseudoglandulos was concentrated to
have been done. In literature, those plants are 1g/ml, 0.5g/ml (respectively). Extracts of
rich in phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids Vaccinium Vitisidaea L. and Ribes diacanthum
and phenoilic acids, which exhibit wide range of were not concentrated.
biological effects including antioxidant and
antibacterial activity. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Content of biological activity compounds in
EXPERIMENTAL plants are shown in Table1.
Medicinal plants were harvested in 2011 from
Bogd-Kan Uul and Chingeltei Uul. We studied Table1. Content of biological activity
leaves of Vaccinium Vitisidaea L., roots of Iris compounds in plant raw material
tenufolia Pall., herb of Oxytropis
pseudoglandulos and herb of Ribes diacanthum
Pall. Anticbacterial activity of extracts was
evualuated by paper-disk method of Kirby –
Bauer [2].Total flavonoid, total coumarin, tannin
123
Study biological activity of alkaloid protopine
S.Javzan 1, Y.Jamyansan1, R.I.Alexandrova2, D.S.Bae3 , Ch.W.Nho4
1
Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS,
Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
2
Institute of Experimental Pathology and Parasitology,
BAS, Sofia, Bulgaria
3
Department of Biology Education, College of Education,
Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 3
4
Functional food Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology,
Gangneung, Republic of Korea
e-mail: S_Javzan@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT: Protopine is an isoquinoline alkaloid contained in plants in northeast Asia. In this study, we investigated
whether protopine derived from H. erectum L could suppress lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory
responses in murine macrophages (Raw-264.7cells). Protopine was found to reduce nitric oxide (NO), cyclooxygenase-
2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2) production by LPS-stimulated Raw-264.7 cells, without a cytotoxic effect. Pre-
treatment of Raw 264.7cells with protopine reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These inhibitory
effects were caused by blocking phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP kinases) and also
blocking activation of a nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB). Also cytotoxic and
antiproliferative activities of the protopine on tumour (LSCC-SF-Ms29, LSR-SF-SR) and nontumour (L 929, MDBK)
cells were evaluated. The maximal nontoxic concentrations (MNC) as well as concentrations required to reduce cell
viability by 50% (CC50) at 24h and 48h were determined using the trypan blue dye exclusion test. Comparable CC 50
(24h) data were obtained for protopine (25µM; 92 µM) and mytomycin C (24 µM≥30 µM) for LSCC-SF (Ms29) and
LSR-SF(SR) cells, respectively. In MNC the alkaloid decreased the proliferation of LSCC-SF-Ms29, MDBK and L929
by 58, 42, 19 and 21%, respectively. The alkaloid was much less toxic and cytostatic for cells from L929 and MDBK as
compared to cells from tumour lines. The compound inhibited the colony-forming ability of tumour cells in a dose
dependent manner. In doses ≥0.001 µM the protopine blcked the colony-forming capacity of normal murine-marrow
cells.
Keywords: Hypecoum erectum; protopine, cytotoxic, antiproliferative, inflammation activity
INTRODUCTION coridamine, hypecorine, hypecorinine,
H ypecoum erectum L. belongs to the
family Hypecoaceae in which
belongs only one genus. The genus
Hypecoum is represented by three species in
Mongolian flora. H. erectum is widely spread in
berberine) from H.erectum grown in Mongolia,
5 of which named by us as 8-oxyhunnemanine,
8-oxyallocryptopine, tautomer of hyperectine,
8-oxyprotopine A, 8-oxyprotopine B, were
found to be as novel natural compounds.
Khentei, Khangai, Mongol Daurian, Middle Elucidation of the structures of 8-
Khalkha, Mongolian Altai, East Mongolia and oxyhunnemanine, 8-oxyallocryptopine, 8-
East Gobi regions [1]. Russian scientist have oxyprotopine C, 8-oxyprotopine D allowed us
been found nine isoquinoline alkaloids from to conclude about the existence of a new group
H.erectum [2.3], but only protopine has been of naturally occurring 8-oxyprotopine alkaloids
isolated the same from species of Mongolian [5]. In the traditional medicine of Tibet and
origin [4]. We have been some alkaloids Mongolia the plant is named “bar ba da” and
(protopine, allocryptopine, oxyhydrastinine, has been used for many years due for as
125
Study on the washability of Baganuur coal
by using float sink test
A.Ariunaa1, G.Tsatsral1, J.Narangerel2, R.Erdenechimeg1,
J.Dugarjav1, B.Purevsuren1, S.Jargalmaa1
1
Institiute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology MAS,
2
Mining Research Laboratory, MRAM
ABSTRACT: The wash ability of coal sample from seam number 4 of Baganuur deposit, which is located in Nyalga-
Choir basin, was studied. The proximate and ultimate analyses of the sample were done by standard methods. The
sample was crushed and pulverized in order to obtain 3 fractions with particle sizes of 3-1.5mm, 1.5-1.0mm and 1.0-
0.63mm. Heavy liquids were obtained by dissolving different amounts of ZnCl 2 salt in water. The liquids having <1.3;
1.3-1.4; 1.4-1.5; 1.5-1.6; 1.6-1.7; 1.7-1.8 and >1.8g/cm3 densities were used for float sink test of the fractions. Float
sink test was done by using Russian standard GOST 4790-93. Results of the proximate and ultimate analyses showed
that the coal has Vdaf=47.0%, Ad=13.3%, Cdaf=70.53%. According to the coal classification, the coal belongs to the B2
class of brown coal. Yields and ash contents of the fraction with 3-1.5mm, 1.5-1.0mm particle size were 51.8 and 7.7%,
46.6% and 7.4% respectively, when for the separation was used heavy liquid with 1.4g/cm 3 density. In general, it can be
concluded that the Baganuur coal belongs to the category of coals with very poor washability.
Keywords: ash, coal washability, float sink test
INTRODUCTION geological expedition (B.Chuluun and
C
oal is the most important mineral L.Monkhtogoo) has estimated total geological
resource of Mongolia. Total geological resource of the coal as 713 million tonnes [1,2].
resource of coal in the country has been Proximate analyses. Mongolian National
estimated approximately 163 billion tones and Standards (MNS) were used for proximate
the number can be increased in future. analyses; moisture (MNS 655-72), ash (MNS
Approximately half of this resource is low rank 652-72), volatile matter (MNS 654-72),
coal or brown coals. Due to high moisture and calorific value (MNS 669-72), sulphur content
ash contents, low rank coals have a limited (MNS 656-72).
application in the industrial use, especially in Ultimate analyses. Contents of C, H, N, O
gasification and liquefaction plants. Upgrading elements of the sample were determined by
of low rank coals is an important step for further using CHN analyser of the Irkutsk Institute of
processing of coal. Chemistry, Russia.
Purpose of the research was to determine a Float sink test procedure. In laboratory
possibility to reduce ash content of Baganuur condition, coal washability is determined by
coal through dense medium separation. GOST 4790-93 standard. Fractions with particle
sizes of 3-1.5mm, 1.5-1.0mm and 1.0-0.63mm
EXPERIMENTAL were separated by float sink test procedure into
Baganuur coal deposit, which belongs to the sub-fractions with densities having <1.3; 1.3-
Nyalga-Choir basin, is located at 110 km to the 1.4; 1.4-1.5; 1.5-1.6; 1.6-1.7; 1.7-1.8 and
south east from Ulaanbaatar in the Central >1.8g/cm3. Heavy liquids were obtained by
economic region of Mongolia. In 1988 Central dissolving different amounts of ZnCl2 salt in
134
Study on biological activity of Hyoscyamus niger
L. grown in Mongolia
J.Irekhbayar1, G.Davaakhuu1, S.Odontuya2, Burm-Jong Lee3
1
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, NUM, Mongolia
2
Central Geological Laboratory, Mongolia
3
Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Inje University,
Obang-Dong, Gimhae, 621-749, South Korea
e-mail: oogii_1881@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT: This study was aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities, hepatoprotective effects of the
aerial parts of Hyoscyamus niger L. grown in Mongolia. The ethanol crude extract of H.niger L. was suspended in
water and consequently fractionated with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and butyl alcohol. All of the fractions were
examined for their antioxidant and cytotoxic activities by using DPPH and MTT assays, respectively. Hexane fraction
showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity at concentration of 50 µg/mL by 87.36% with the IC 50 value of
18.16 µg/mL. MTT results showed that ethyl acetate fraction demonstrated significant cytotoxicity against A549 cell
line, with values of 90.47% at 48 h (50 µg /mL). The water fraction notably protected HepG2 cells against the
cytotoxicity of t-BHP than EGCG. H.niger L. is an important medicinal plant and reported to be used for the treatment
of various ailments.
Keywords: Hyoscyamus niger L., antioxidant, cytoxicity
INTRODUCTION [3, 4]. This is a very poisonous plant that should
T he genus Hyoscyamus belongs to the
family Solanaceae, which comprises a
group of some 50 species all over the
world. One of them (Hyoscyamus niger L.) is
distributed in Mongolia [1, 2]. It is used
be used with great caution, and only under the
supervision of a qualified practitioner [4, 5].
The seeds are used in Tibetan medicine, they
are said to have a bitter, acrid taste with a
neutral and poisonous potency. Anthelmintic,
extensively as a sedative and pain killer and is antitumor and febrifuge, they are used in the
specifically used for pain affecting the urinary treatment of stomach/intestinal pain due to
tract, especially when due to kidney stones. Its worm infestation, toothache, inflammation of
sedative and antispasmodic effect makes it a the pulmonary region and tumours [4].
valuable treatment for the symptoms of To the best of our knowledge, there are no
Parkinson's disease, relieving tremor and published reports on the biological activities of
rigidity during the early stages of the disease the extracts of H.niger L. grown in Mongolia.
[3]. The plant is used internally in the treatment Therefore, the present study was conducted.
of asthma, whooping cough, motion sickness,
Meniere’s syndrome, tremor in senility or EXPERIMENTAL
paralysis and as a pre-operative medication [4]. Plant material. The aerial parts of H.niger L.
H.niger L. reduces mucous secretions, as well were gathered from Selenge aimag, Mongolia in
as saliva and other digestive juices. Externally, July, 2010. Similarly, soil was taken from the
it is used as an oil to relieve painful conditions same place. Voucher specimens have been dried
such as neuralgia, dental and rheumatic pains separately in room temperature.
139
Use of modifed zeolites for chromium removal from
tannery wastewater
D.Batgerel1, S.Erkhembayar2, E.Anudari1, G.Ariunzul3
1
School of Chemistry and Chemical Enjineering, NUM,
2
School of Civil Enjineering and Architecture, MUST,
3
Energy Resources LLC
e-mail:dgerelee-2005@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT: Adsorption of heavy metal ions specifically, Cu (II), Zn (II), As (V) and Cr (VI) from waste
water by modified zeolite was evaluated. The modified zeolite was synthesized previously by
dehydroxylation of low grade at 450°C and reacted hydrothermally with 2-4 M NaOH solution at 100°C for
2 h. The adsorption capacity decreased in the order Cu(II) > Zn(II) > As(V)>Cr(VI) ions. Almost complete
adsorption was achieved for Cr(VI) was 91% and 52.3% at pH 7.0 and 8.4, respectively. The results also
showed that the grain size of the modified zeolite has a little effect on the adsorption capacity. The
experimental data was compared with two adsorption isotherms, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The
experimental results showed a good agreement with the Langmuir plots .
Keywords: Chromium, Adsorption, Zeolite, Modification, Tannery Wastewater
INTRODUCTION calcining of law grade for 4 h in air at 450°C
Z eolites are well known for their ion
exchange capacity. The role of zeolites
in the conversion of solid and liquid
Tannery wastes into environmentally acceptable
products has also been demonstrated. Modified
and reacted hydrothermally with 2-4 M NaOH
solution at 100°C for 2 h. The obtained gel was
filtered first, then washed till pH 10, afterwards,
the product was dried at 100°C for 24 h. The
produced zeolite is characterized as average
zeolites are useful because of their controlled particle size of 1-5 mm.
and known physico-chemical properties relative Batch Adsorption Experiments. The pH values
to that for natural zeolites. The focus of the of the solutions were adjusted from 1 to 11 with
present study was evaluation of the 0.5 M NaOH and 0.5 M HClO4 and measured
effectiveness of the modified zeolites in their with a pH meter. The pH value of solution was
NH4 forms for removal of chromium from water kept at a specific value during the experiments
over a wide range of pH. A similar reaction is using a pH controller. The liquid samples were
possible for adsorption of chromium onto filtered after adsorption for metal ions analysis
zeolites, where terminal aluminol or silanol by FEC.
hydroxyl groups develop at the edges of the Adsorption Capacity. The adsorbents (0.25 g)
zeolite particle. were left in contact with 100 mL of each of Cr
solutions in the range of 50-5 mg L-1 with the
EXPERIMENTAL initial pH value of 10 for 30 min. The amount of
Adsorbent. Natural zeolite was provided by the metal ions adsorption onto the zeolite can be
deposits of Tragabtsav and Urgun, Mongolia. calculated by: Qe=(Ci-Ce)/S where, qe is the
The zeolite was synthesized previously by metal ions adsorbed onto the zeolite (mg g -1), Ci
143
