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Overview
of
Power Sector
and
Demand Side Management
(DSM)
Journey Begins
Alok Gupta, Chief Engineer, CEA
09868913762
alokgupta53@yahoo.co.in
cedpdcea@yahoo.co.in
OUTLINE
OVERVIEW OF POWER SECTOR-PRESENT AND FUTURE
WHY DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT
ASSESSMENT OF PEAK REDUCTION
THRUST ON ENERGY EFFICIENT TRANSFORMERS
TYPICAL DISCOMs INITIATIVES
DSM AND SMART GRID
TARIFF PATTERNS IN VARIOUS COUNTRIES
CONCLUSION
INSTALLED CAPACITY IN INDIA (GW)
Renewable, Nuclear, 4.78,
20.16, 11% 2%
Hydro, 38.75,
21%
Diesel and liquid
fuels, 1.20, 1% Coal and lignite,
Gas, 17.74, 9%
104.02, 56%
Total 186.65 GW
POWER SUPPLY POSITION FOR 2010-11
Energy Peak
April, 2010 - March, 2011 April, 2010 - March, 2011
Peak Peak Surplus / Deficit
Requirement Availability Surplus / Deficit (-)
Demand Met (-)
Region ( MU ) ( MU ) ( MU ) (%) ( MW ) ( MW ) ( MW ) (%)
NR 258,780 237,985 -20,795 -8.0 37,431 34,101 -3,330 -8.9
WR 268,488 232,871 -35,617 -13.3 40,798 34,819 -5,979 -14.7
SR 229,904 217,981 -11,923 -5.2 33,256 31,121 -2,135 -6.4
ER 94,558 90,526 -4,032 -4.3 13,767 13,085 -682 -5.0
NER 9,861 8,992 -869 -8.8 1,913 1,560 -353 -18.5
All India 861,591 788,355 -73,236 -8.5 122,287 110,256 -12,031 -9.8
POWER SUPPLY POSITION (up to Nov 2011)
Energy Peak
April, 2011 - December, 2011 April, 2011 - December, 2011
Surplus / Peak Peak Surplus /
Requirement Availability
Deficit (-) Demand Met Deficit (-)
Region ( MU ) ( MU ) ( MU ) (%) ( MW ) ( MW ) ( MW ) (%)
NR 208,318 195,034 --13284 -6.4 40,248 37,117 -3,131 -7.8
WR 214,858 190,655 -24,203 -11.3 42,352 35,952 -6,400 -15.1
SR 189,552 176,110 -13,442 -7.1 34,072 31,489 -2583 -7.6
ER 73,612 70,452 -3160 -4.3 14,505 13,971 -534 -3.7
NER 8,440 7,657 -783 -9..3 1,920 1,782 -138 -7.2
All India 694,780 639,908 -54,872 -7.9 127,724 114,233 -13,491 -10.6
PEAK POWER SHORTAGES(%)
25.00
20.49
20.00
18.79 18.28
18.31
17.97
16.66 16.60
15.00 16.45 13.80
15.53
13.79 13.93 12.72
12.29
11.72 12.35 12.20
11.66 12.50 11.24 9.84
12.73 12.35
11.66 11.86
11.30 11.79
10.00
5.00
0.00
6
PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION (kWh)
7
SNAP SHOT OF PRESENT AND FUTURE
Expected GDP growth 8-9%
Power sector to grow @ 10% or more
17000 MW is to be added during 2011-12
50000 MW+ during 11th plan
75000 MW planned during 12th plan
150000 MVA transformation capacity planned during 12th plan (220
kV and above)
100000 ckm (220 kV and above) planned for 12th plan
13 Lakh ckm (33 kV and below ) to be added in 12th plan
AT&C losses expected around 15% from present level of 27%
Commercial losses of DISCOMs with subsidy Rs 42415 Crs
DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT
LOAD MANAGEMENT
+
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
+
ELECTRIFICATION
Thermal storage and customer load
shifting.
Flexible load shape involves
making the load shape responsive
to reliability conditions.
WHY DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT
Peak Shortages
Energy Shortages
Coal Shortages
Dependence on import of Coal
Paucity of Gas and Liquid Fuels
To optimise Generation Resources
WHY DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT
Reduction in infrastructural cost –peak reduction
Reduction in Line Losses
Increase in effective system capacity
Reliability improvement
Improved markets
Less dependence on foreign resources
Low carbon emissions and environment improvement
WHY DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT
Reduction in energy consumption
Lower energy Bills
Better equipment performance and longer life
Employment generation and load research programmes
(ESCO & Utilities)
Use of Innovative technologies and services(ESCO)
ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION PATTERN(2010-11)
(Utilities & Non-Utilities)
Misc
Traction 29,929
Commercial 13,381 4% Domestic
63,689 2% 153,193
Agriculture 9% 22%
129,051
18%
Industrial
321,431
45%
Total 710,674 GWh (provisional) 13
kW
re ss
kW
Addre ss
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
797 / DVC
a tion Na me
00:00
00:30
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
5,000
Loca tion Na me
00:00
01:00
00:30
01:30
01:00
02:00
01:30
02:30 02:00
03:00 02:30
03:30 03:00
04:00 03:30
04:30 04:00
CCL Rajarappa SM
05:00 04:30
CCL Rajarappa SM
05:30 05:00
06:00 05:30
06:30 06:00
07:00 06:30
07:30 07:00
08:00 07:30
DVC\GOMD V\Gola\CCL RAJRAPPA\
08:00
08:30
DVC\GOMD V\Gola\CCL RAJRAPPA\
08:30
09:00
09:00
09:30
09:30
10:00
04-12-2011
10:00
10:30
10:30
10-12-2011
11:00
11:00
11:30 11:30
12:00 12:00
12:30 12:30
Net Load Curve
Net Load Curve
13:00 13:00
13:30 13:30
14:00 14:00
14:30 14:30
15:00 15:00
15:30 15:30
16:00 16:00
16:30 16:30
17:00 17:00
17:30
17:30
18:00
18:00
18:30
18:30
19:00
19:00
19:30
19:30
20:00
20:00
20:30
20:30 21:00
21:00 21:30
21:30 22:00
22:00
MINING INDUSTRY LOAD CURVE (KW)
22:30
For Date :
22:30 23:00
For Date :
23:00 23:30
23:30 00:00
00:00
04/12/2011
10/12/20
kW kW
re ss
re ss
/ DVC
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
-1,000
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
0
a tion Na me
a tion Na me
00:00 00:00
00:30 00:30
01:00 01:00
01:30 01:30
02:00 02:00
02:30 02:30
03:00 03:00
03:30 03:30
04:00 04:00
Yash Alloy M1
Yash Alloy M1
04:30 04:30
05:00 05:00
05:30 05:30
06:00 06:00
06:30 06:30
07:00 07:00
07:30 07:30
08:00 08:00
08:30 08:30
DVC\GOMD V\Gola\SW ASTIC INGOTS\
DVC\GOMD V\Gola\SW ASTIC INGOTS\
09:00 09:00
09:30 09:30
10:00 10:00
04-12-2011
10:30 10:30
10-12-2011
11:00 11:00
11:30 11:30
12:00 12:00
12:30 12:30
Net Load Curve
Net Load Curve
13:00 13:00
13:30 13:30
14:00 14:00
14:30 14:30
15:00 15:00
15:30 15:30
16:00 16:00
16:30 16:30
17:00 17:00
17:30 17:30
18:00 18:00
18:30 18:30
19:00 19:00
19:30 19:30
20:00 20:00
20:30 20:30
21:00 21:00
21:30 21:30
22:00
STEEL INDUSTRY LOAD CURVE (KW)
22:00
22:30 22:30
For Date :
For Date :
23:00 23:00
23:30 23:30
00:00 00:00
04/12/20
10/12/20
ANTICIPATED SECTORWISE ELECTRICAL ENERGY SAVING
(2012-17)
Sl No Sector B.U %
1. Industries &SME 13.79 30.76
2. Equipment and appliances 17.00 37.91
3. Commercial Sector 5.07 11.31
4. Residential sector 4.40 9.81
5. Agriculture 0.70 1.56
6 Municipal 0.47 1.04
7. Awareness and awards 3.42 7.61
Total 44.85 100
AT BUS BAR -60.17 B.U Source:BEE 16
ALL INDIA DEMAND FOR 15-12-2011
110
Thousands
106793 MW
105
(18:34hrs)
100
96995 MW
95
Demand (MW)---->
90
Min 88451 MW
Gap between Peak and Avg-9798 MW
85 (04:00 hrs)
80
Gap between Min and Avg- 8544 MW
75
70
65
60
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
Time -->
PEAK CLIPPING THROUGH CFLs
Difference between peak and average load 9798 MW
Lighting load(assumed-30%) 2939 MW
Usage of Incandescent lamp (assumed 80%) 2351 MW
Assuming replacement of 50% load with 1176 MW
CFL in next five years
Net peak saving (40W-20W i.e 50%) 588 MW
18
PEAK CLIPPING THROUGH PF IMPROVEMENT
A. Total Distribution Transformer Capacity (MVA) 346537
B. Assuming p.f of load of 50% DTs at load end 0.85
C. Desired Improvement in p.f at load points 0.90
D. Loading factor on DTs at peak time 70%
E. Technical losses beyond DTs (assumed) 15%
F. Technical losses at 0.85 p.f(0.5*A*B*D*E) 15464
G. Saving in losses due to improvement in p.f of load {1- 10.8%
(pf1/pf2)2}*100
H. Net peak saving (G*F) MW at DT level 1670
I. Saving in MU 10241
J Saving in Rs Millions @ 3.0/kWh 30723
K. MVAr Required to improve power factor at DT say 20%- 34654
0.2*0.50*A
L Cost of capacitors @ 1200/kVAR –Rs millions 41584
M Pay back Period (L/J) -Years 1.35
19
Saving due to Energy Efficient Transformers
A. Total No of Distribution Transformer 4615025
B. Assuming 50% DTs to be changed to EET(0.5*A) 2307513
C. Average Capacity of transformer (KVA) 100
E. No Load losses/Load Losses(100%) (watts) of 3 star Tr 224/1186
F. No Load losses/Load Losses (100%) (watts) of 1 star Tr 260/1760
G. Capitalized cost (saving) of no load d losses in Rs/W 229
H. Loss load factor (LF=0.6) 0.43
I. Capitalised cost (saving) of load losses in Rs/W 99
J Capitalised Saving (one Tr) due to EET (8244+56826) Rs 65070
K Additional Cost 100kVA Xr (3 star vs 1star) Rs 40000
L Total investment for 50% transformers (Crs) 9230
M Additional Cost 100kVA Xr (3 star vs 1star) say in Rs 40000
N Payback period 0.6 years
O Peak Saving in MW(no load losses +70% load losses) 735 MW 20
ASSESSMENT OF PEAK REDUCTION*
Sector % share Connected Utilisation Operative Peak Peak Scope for Scope for
Load factor(%) Load(MW) Load(%) Load(MW) Peak Peak
reduction reduction
(%) (MW)
Domestic 37.94 154756 40% 61902
70% 43332 20% 8666
Industrial 25.23 102925 70% 72048
20% 14410 4% 576
Agriculture 19.83 80902 80% 64722
10% 6472 5% 324
Commercial 11.16 45507 70% 31855
80% 25484 4% 1019
Traction 1.40 5707 70% 3995
80% 3196 3% 96
Misc 4.43 18087 70% 12661
30% 3798 10% 380
Total 100.00 407885 247183
96692 11061
* Based on reasonable assumptions 21
HINDUSTAN LATEX SYSTEM
APFC installed by CDAC
Transformer capacity-630 kVA
APFC Capacity-150 kVAR
Power factor-Near Unity
Financial saving-0.8 lakh per annum
Max Demand reduced by 100 kVA
22
REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION
(PEAK HOURS)
Name of Sub- Transformer Reactive Current Current Power Power
Station capacity Compen (A) (A) with Factor Factor
(MVA) sation without capacitor without with
(MVAR) capacitor capacitor capacitor
Amravati 10 2 383 357 .86 .97
Trimurti Nagar- 10 2 494 461 .84 .95
Transformer I
Trimurti Nagar- 10 3 489 436 .81 .97
Transformer II
Chatrapati 10 3 498 457 .80 .97
Nagar
Total 40 10 1864 1711
Net relief 153 Amp. = 3 MW
23
Nila Building-IT Park Trivendrum Substation 2A,
Date : 12-11-10 Transformer – I
STATCOM - I
Reactive current and Neutral current compensation
Transformer Current Transformer Power Factor
Before After
Before After
Compensation Compensation
Compensation Compensation
(A) (A)
R – phase 1053 900 0.85 0.98
Y – phase 1090 921 0.84 0.98
B – phase 1053 926 0.86 0.99
Neutral 137 25.6 -- --
Nila Building-IT Park Trivendrum Substation 2A,
STATCOM - II Transformer – II
Date : 05-07-10 Reactive current compensation
Transformer Current Transformer Power Factor
Before After
Before After
Compensation Compensation
Compensation Compensation
(A) (A)
R – phase 637 611 0.92 0.99
Y – phase 622 578 0.91 0.98
B – phase 553 530 0.92 0.99
25
TYPICAL UTILITY INITIATIVES
Bachat Lamp Yojna
Replaced Refrigerators and ACs With Star Rated (discount)
Replaced Conventional hoardings with LED Hoardings
Raising or Lowering AC Temperature
LED Street Lights With Centralised Switching Off/On
Used Automatic Power Factor Correcting Devices
Used Adjustable Speed Drives With DVR/STATCOM
Replaced inefficient Pumps
Avoided Municipal Pumping in Evening and Morning Peak
Changed Metal Halide Lamps With LED Lamps
Segregation of Agriculture Feeders 26
TOD METERING-Bulk Consumers
ASSAM
BIHAR
CHATTISHGARH
GOA
GUJARAT
JHARKHAND
KARNATKA
MAHARASHTRA
Cost Benefit studies
MADHYAPRADESH
UTTAR PRADESH
WEST BENGAL Consumer survey
Real time data
27
LOAD RESEARCH
ADOPT FORECASTING TECHNIQUES TO
PREDICT LOAD DEMAND
SYSTEMATIC GATHERING AND ANALYSING OF
DATA
LOAD PROFILE TO BE MEASURED
PERIODICALLY
ANALYSE LOAD CHANGES PATTERN FOR
SPECIAL DAYS, SEASON
ANALYSE BEHAVIOUR OF CONSUMERS & LOAD
INTERACT WITH CONSUMERS
CREATE DATA BASE 28
DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT-SERVICES
Interrupted from
Center control
Triggered by
system Not from
contingencies Center
or high whole control
sale price
Voluntary cut but
not penalised
Demand side Bidding in Market to
resource not identify load and
connected to grid price
BASE LINE CONCEPT- DEMAND RESPONSE
TIME OF USE PRICING
31
Price rises with
electricity usage
Time block rates
Above TOU for fixed no of days on peak
For all 24 hours on max no of days
Half hourly or hourly
rates
CHILLER SYSTEM –`STORAGE MEETING FULL LOAD
CHILLER SYSTEM FOR LOAD LEVELLING
CHILLER SYSTEM FOR DEMAND LEVELLING STRATEGY
SMART GRID FIVE - CONTROL MODES
Utility DRED 1..n Device1..n
In mode five DRED
can be built in
Utility DRED Device1..n Smart Meter
Smart Smart
Utility DRED
Meter Devices
Other Non-Smart
Interfaces Devices
Smart
Utility DRED Smart
Meter
Devices
Customer
Other Smart
Interfaces Devices
DR MODES
37
SMART GRID ENABLES
ELECTRIC VEHICLE SMART CHARGING
GWh
Time-shifting
Electricity
Home Area Network
AMI/SmartGrid
VEHICLE TO GRID STANDARDS
Under development
Supply Equipment communication controller
Electrical vehicle Supply equipment
IEC 15118 –DSM with EV
IEC 62196 [3]-defines plugs, socket outlets, vehicle connectors and vehicle inlets.
IEC 61851 [4] standardises EV conductive charging systems based on either AC or DC
The Smart Charge Communication Protocol Suite (SCCPS) is part of a pilot project initiated in
order to fill the gap of standardisation for PLC- and IP-based communication between EVs and
EVSEs at that time.
IEEE 1547 covers grid connectivity
TRADITIONAL VS SMART GRID DEMAND RESPONSE
TRADITIONAL DEMAND RESPONSE SMART GRID DEMAND RESPONSE
Primarily Utility Control Utility as well as customer
controlled- Consumer options
Covers only few customers All Customers
Participation Incentives Participation Incentives
No device level control Device level control
Only Off peak and peak pricing Number of pricing options
No renewable integration Renewable integration
Only retail market Wholesale and retail market
linked
Focuses only few end use All end uses
No Real time information Consumer can visualize his
consumption
40
STATUS OF SMALL PILOTS IN INDIA
S.no Items Pilot 1 Pilot 2 Pilot 3 Pilot 4 Pilot 5 Pilot 6 Pilot 7
1 State Karnataka Karnataka Kolkata Haryana NCT Kolkata Region
wise
2 Utility BESCOM MESCOM WBREDA TERI NDMC WBSEDCL PGCIL
3 Project E-city / Kadari Rabirashmi RETREAT, NA GARIA Transmis
Area S8-sub heights Abasan, Gurgaon sion
division network
4 Customer 20217 85 25 In house NA 50000 (45 NA
size consumers, Apartments facility MW)
75 street
lights
5 Objective AMI Load 380 kW with Diverse Domestic To bring 8 PMU
Strength control, Roof top energy loads under single
ening minimum solar (58 sources Group of roof control
Automati power kW), 10.5 kW loads Generation
on – MV , alternate Solar Solar PV [Street Transmissio
LV lights thermal. Battery Lights] n
OMS/PM ON/OFF Estimated 3.2 kW Wind Roof top Distribution
S/TOU/ fund = Rs. 100 kW solar
CBM 4.8 million Biomass
Solar PV per Diesel
apartments.
STATUS OF SMALL PILOTS IN INDIA
S.no Items Pilot 1 Pilot 2 Pilot 3 Pilot 4 Pilot 5 Pilot 6 Pilot 7
6 Benefits PMS, PMS Green Local Peak Total System
OMS, Apartments loads Management Integratio visibility
Energy n
curtailment,
TOU
7 Achieve- To be POC done Feeding Optimal To be To be System
ments implemente excess power use of RE implemented impleme Reliabilit
d to WBSEDCL. power nted y
Net Metering
8 Status DPR / RFP Under Implemented Implement Planning Planning Under
submitted trial ed study
for
implementat
ion
9 Estimate Rs.87.00 Rs. 4.95 Rs. 4.8 NA NA Rs. 300 NA
Cr lakhs million Cr.
including
consultan
cy
10 Duration 18 months NA NA NA NA 2- 3 NA
Years
FUTURE OF AMI PILOTS IN INDIA
8 pilots with mix of functionalities are proposed
AMI for industrial ,domestic included
Other functionalities are DG integration, microgrid operation,
power quality improvement and outage mangement
Rfp and evaluation criteria being finalised
Contribution from DISCOMs sought
Working on cost effective meter in progress
Evaluation committee to examinee DPRs formed
Discoms and towns being identified
TYPICAL TARIFF PATTERN IN VARIOUS COUNTRIES
Country Tariff Peak/off peak
ratio
Australia(2009)-pilots 5.5/9.9/27.5/100/2000 5
cents/kWh
Australia(2013) 10/17/$5.0(50 hours) 1.7
cents/kWh
Australia 9.284/13.673/22.759 >2
(Queensland)
Cents/kWh
USA(PG&E) $.09781/$.17017/$.27883 >2.5
Ontario-cents/kWh 6.2/9.2/10.8 >1.5
TEPCO(yen/kWh) Night 8 hrs- 9.17/29.64 >3
Night 10 Hrs- 9.48/32.48
44
EDF ELECTRICITY PRICES IN UK
Standing Charges-Fixed Charges
PEAK CHOICE DR PROGRAMME –PG&E
Customer must elect one option from each feature below:
Minimum Event Notification Time
Event duration
Maximum no of events per summer season
Maximum consecutive event days
Event window (period when an event can occur)
Type of load commitment 46
PEAK CHOICE INCENTIVE DR PROGRAMME
PG&E
Programme Features Committed Load (CL) Best Effort Load Remarks
(BEL)
Customer Type Industrial,, Commercial and
Agriculture
Load Curtailment >= committed load 50% - 150% of BEL
At Least 10 kW
Non-Opearative days Holidays,Independence
day,Memorial day,Labor day
Penalties for non Yes No
compliance
Confirmation For Not required Required CL basis can also
Participation opt for additional
load on BEL
Delivered Load Committed Load (CB) – ( Actual Load)
Payment Committed Load* Committed Delivered Load * Best In CL option
Rate (CR) Effort Rate energy payment is
also made
Event Notification Time
2 days $4 $ 0.40/kWh
1 day $5 $ 0.50 /kWh
4.5 Hrs $7 $0.60 /kWh
30 Min $ 10 $1.00 /kWh
47
SMART METER PAYBACK
Frequency Description Price (Rs billions) Remarks
Fixed Costs
Once For 150mn consumers 600.00 @Rs 4000/- per consumer
Recurring Costs
Upto 10MB data on GPRS. No cost
Per year Recurring Expenditure 18.00 for RF
Benefits/Savings
Meter Reading cost is Rs 7 per point.
Per year Meter Reading 6.30 Bimonthly reading
Total amount for offering Offering 0.8 kWh load to the
Differential pricing to 50mn consumers @Rs10 per hour for 4
Per year consumers out of 150mn. 4.80 hours and to 50mn consumers.
40 consumers/100KVA, DT @Rs
DT burning and replacement 0.1mn. DT burning assumed 10%
Per year cost 125.00 percent in 3 years.
Cost of Disconnection and
Per year Reconnection 1.50 Assumed on 10% per year @Rs100
Reliability Costs from Rs 20/- per month. If SLA is meet of
Per year consumers 1.50 50% consumers.
Cummulative loss figure Rs 32678
Per year Commercial Loss Reduction 49.02 Cr. Assuming 15% reduction per year.
Total 170.12
Payback Period (In years) 3.53
DEMAND RESPONSE ARCHITECTURE
Smart Grid DR Architecture
BARRIERS
LACK OF LOAD PROFILE DATA BASE
LOW PRIORITY TO CAPACITOR INSTALLATION
LACK OF PROMOTIONAL STRATEGIES BY UTILITIES
IMPLEMENTATION OF DSM ONLY AS PILOT PROJECTS.
LOW CONFIDENCE LEVEL OF CONSUMERS ABOUT THE QUALITY OF THE
PRODUCT.
POOR FINANCIAL HEALTH OF DISCOMs AND CROSS SUBSIDISATION
LACK OF CONSUMER AWARENESS
ESCOs INVESTMENT CAPABILITY
MEASUREMENT AND VERIFICATION OF DSM PROCESS
51
CHURNING WHEEL FOR SUCCESFULL DSM
Smart
Appliances
& Renewables
DSM
Mass Load
Research
Movement
Flexible
Tariff
Road structure
Map
C o n s u mp tio n (MW) P ower C ons umption P attern
40
30
P o wer
20 C urrent L oad P rofile
10
0 L oad P rofile after
DS M
2:00
3:30
5:00
6:30
8:00
9:30
12:30
11:00
12:30
14:00
15:30
17:00
18:30
20:00
21:30
23:00
Hour of the day (30 min interval)
Journey is long
There are ups and downs
Destination is off course visible
Any
Suggestions
or
Questions
Alok Gupta, Chief Engineer, CEA
09868913762
alokgupta53@yahoo.co.in
cedpdcea@yahoo.co.in
55
56
Summary of Time of Day Tariff Schemes in India
Sl. Effective
No. Name of Utility dates Consumer Category & ToD Charges applicable
1 Assam HT Industries Tea, Coffee & Rubber Oil & Coal
Time 0600 - 1700 Hrs.(normal) 385 Paise/KWh 420 Paise/KWh 425 Paise/KWh
w.e.f.
Time 1700 - 2200 Hrs.(peak) 01.08.2009 530 Paise/KWh 600 Paise/KWh 600 Paise/KWh
Time 2200 - 0600 Hrs.(night) 335 Paise/KWh 395 Paise/KWh 410 Paise/KWh
2 Bihar All HT Consumers
Normal period (5:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.) Normal rate of energy charge
Evening peak hours (5:00 p.m. to 11:00 w.e.f.
p.m.) 01.09.2008 120% of normal rate of energy charge
Off-peak period (11:00 p.m. to 5:00 a.m.) 90% of normal rate of energy charge
3 Chhattisgarh All HT/EHT Industrial Consumers
Normal period ( 05.00 Hrs. to 18.00 Hrs.) Normal rate of energy charge
Evening Peak hours ( 18.00 Hrs. to 23.00 w.e.f.
Hrs.) 01.07.2009 130% of normal rate of energy charge
Off-peak period ( 23.00 Hrs. to 05.00 Hrs.) 85% of normal rate of energy charge
4 Goa All HT/EHT Industrial Consumers
Normal period ( 06.00 Hrs. to 18.00 Hrs.) Normal rate of energy charge
Evening Peak hours ( 18.00 Hrs. to 22.00 w.e.f.
Hrs.) 01.04.2002 150% of normal rate of energy charge
Off-peak period ( 22.00 Hrs. to 06.00 Hrs.) 75% of normal rate of energy charge
Sl.
Summary of Time of Day Tariff Schemes in India
No Effective
. Name of Utility dates Consumer Category & ToD Charges applicable
5 Gujarat All HT Consumers with contract demand 500 KVA & above
Morning Peak hours ( 07.00 Hrs. to w.e.f.
11.00 Hrs.) 01.04.2010 75 Paise/KWh in addition to normal energy charge
Evening Peak hours ( 18.00 Hrs. to
22.00 Hrs.) 75 Paise/KWh in addition to normal energy charge
Gujarat-(Torrent Power Ltd.,
6 Ahmadabad) HT Consumers with MD 100 KW & above HT Pumping Stations
billing demand upto billing demand above
i) For April to October period 300 KW 300 KW
w.e.f.
12.00 Hrs. to 17.00 Hrs. 01.04.2010
50 Paise/KWh above 70 Paise/KWh above 50 Paise/KWh above
18.30 Hrs. to 21.30 Hrs. normal energy charge normal energy charge normal energy charge
billing demand upto billing demand above
ii) For November to March period 300 KW 300 KW
8.00 Hrs. to 12.00 Hrs.
50 Paise/KWh above 70 Paise/KWh above 50 Paise/KWh above
18.00 Hrs. to 22.00 Hrs. normal energy charge normal energy charge normal energy charge
7 Gujarat-(Torrent Power Ltd., Surat) All HT Consumers with contract demand 500 KVA & above
Morning Peak hours ( 07.00 Hrs. to w.e.f.
11.00 Hrs.) 01.04.2010 70 Paise/KWh in addition to normal energy charge
Evening Peak hours ( 18.00 Hrs. to
22.00 Hrs.) 70 Paise/KWh in addition to normal energy charge
8 Jharkhand All HT Consumers
Morning Peak hours ( 06.00 Hrs. to
10.00 Hrs.) 120% of normal rate of energy charge
Evening Peak hours ( 18.00 Hrs. to w.e.f.
22.00 Hrs.) 01.05.2010 120% of normal rate of energy charge
Off-peak period ( 22.00 Hrs. to 06.00
Hrs.) 85% of normal rate of energy charge
Summary of Time of Day Tariff Schemes in India
Sl.
No Effective
. Name of Utility dates Consumer Category & ToD Charges applicable
9 Karnataka LT & HT Industrial, Heating, Motive Power etc. HT Public Water Works
22.00 Hrs to 06.00 Hrs (-) 80 Paise/KWh (-) 60 Paise/KWh
06.00 Hrs to 18.00 Hrs w.e.f.
01.12.2009 Nil Nil
18.00 Hrs to 22.00 Hrs (+) 80 Paise/KWh (+) 60 Paise/KWh
10 Madhya Pradesh For Industrial, Seasonal, Irrigation, PWW & Bulk Supply consumers
Normal period ( 06.00 Hrs. to 18.00 Hrs.) Normal rate of energy charge
Evening Peak hours ( 18.00 Hrs. to w.e.f.
22.00 Hrs.) 01.06.2010 115% of normal rate of energy charge
Off-peak period ( 22.00 Hrs. to 06.00
Hrs.) 92.5% of normal rate of energy charge
11 Maharashtra LT & HT Industrial, Commercial & Public Water Works
0600 hrs - 0900 hrs Nil
w.e.f.
0900 hrs - 1200 hrs 01.09.2010 (+)80 Paise/KWh
1200 hrs - 1800 hrs Nil
1800 hrs - 2200 hrs (+)110 Paise/KWh
2200 hrs - 0600 hrs (-)85 Paise/KWh
12 Maharastra - Mumbai-( B.E.S.T. & TATA Power Co.) LT & HT Industrial, Commercial
0600 hrs - 0900 hrs Nil
w.e.f.
0900 hrs - 1200 hrs 01.09.2010 (+)50 Paise/KWh
1200 hrs - 1800 hrs Nil
1800 hrs - 2200 hrs (+)100 Paise/KWh
2200 hrs - 0600 hrs (-)75 Paise/KWh
Sl.
Summary of Time of Day Tariff Schemes in India
Effective
No. Name of Utility dates Consumer Category & ToD Charges applicable
13 Maharastra - Mumbai-(Reliance Energy) LT & HT Industrial, Commercial
0600 hrs - 0900 hrs Nil
w.e.f.
0900 hrs - 1200 hrs 01.06.2009 (+)50 Paise/KWh
1200 hrs - 1800 hrs Nil
1800 hrs - 2200 hrs (+)100 Paise/KWh
2200 hrs - 0600 hrs (-)75 Paise/KWh
14 Uttarakhand LT & HT Industrial
For April to September
For October to March period period
06.00 Hrs. to 09.30 Hrs. 150% of normal rate of energy charge -----
w.e.f.
09.30 Hrs. to 17.30 Hrs. 01.04.2010 Normal rate of energy charge Normal rate
17.30 hrs - 22.00 hrs 150% of normal rate of energy charge 150% of normal rate
22.00 hrs - 06.00 hrs 90% of normal rate of energy charge 90% of normal rate
15 Uttar Pradesh Large & Heavy Power
22.00 Hrs to 06.00 Hrs 92.5% of normal rate of energy charge
06.00 Hrs to 17.00 Hrs w.e.f.
15.04.2010 Normal rate of energy charge
17.00 Hrs to 22.00 Hrs 115% of normal rate of energy charge
16 West Bengal
West Bengal-Kolkata-( CESC ) w.e.f.
Time of the Day (TOD) tariff details are available in Part-2 of the publication.
West Bengal-Durgapur Projects Ltd. 01.04.2010
West Bengal-DPSC Ltd.
TIPS TO CONSUMERS
USE NATURAL LIGHT DURING DAY AVOIDING ELECTRICITY USAGES
SWITCH OFF LIGHT AND FANS IF NOT IN USE.
AVOID UNNECESSARY DECORATION BY LIGHTING.
IN A VACANT HOUSE, LIMIT THE USE OF ELECTRICITY AS PER MINIMUM
REQUIREMENT.
USE STAR RATED EQUIPMENTS
IN AC BUILDINGS AND HOUSES, KEEP THE DOORS AND WINDOWS
CLOSE , CLEAN A.C. FILTER REGULARLY.
USE FLOURESCENT LIGHTS IN PLACE OF BULBS.
61
TIPS TO CONSUMERS
DEFROST THE FRIDGE WHEN ICE IS MORE THAN ¼” THICK.
PLACE THE FRIDGE WITH ITS COILS AT A DISTANCE FROM WALL
DO NOT PLACE THE REFRIGERATOR NEAR HEAT SOURCE.
USE OF LIGHT COLOURED WALLS REDUCES LIGHTING
REQUIREMENT.
ADJUST TIMING OF GEYSER.
AVOID PUMPING AND WASHING MACHINE DURING PEAK HOURS
USE SOLAR OR GAS GEYSERS
62
TIPS TO AGRICULTURAL CONSUMERS
REDUCE FRICTION IN FOOT VALVES IN TUBE WELL.
REPLACE DAMAGED BEARINGS OF MOTORS
KEEP MOTOR AND PUMP IN A STRAIGHT LINE.
USE GOOD QUALITY PVC SUCTION PIPE TO SAVE ENERGY.
USE APPROPRIATE PUMP SETS.
USE SHUNT CAPACITORS ACROSS MOTORS
USE STAR RATING PUMPS AND MOTORS
USE HIGHER SIZED DISCHARGE PIPE LINE WITH REDUCER TO CONTROL
FRICTION LOSSES.
AVOID SHARP BENDS. USE STREAM LINED ONES TO REDUCE LOSSES.
63
TIPS TO INDUSTRIAL CONSUMERS
MINIMIZE USE OF BELTS TO AVOID ENERGY LOSS
KEEP THE MOTOR NEAR LOAD.
USE SHUNT CAPACITORS WITH MOTOR TO IMPROVE VOLTAGE AND PF.
CHANGE DAMAGED BEARINGS IMMEDIATELY TO AVOID WASTE OF
ENERGY
USE MOTORS WITH PROPER CAPACITY AND SIZE FOR EACH WORK.
IF MULTI-TIER TARIFF IS IN PRACTICE, MANY PROCESS, IF POSSIBLE
CAN BE PLANNED DURING OFF PEAK HOURS.
USE THERMAL STORAGE FOR LOAD SHIFTING FROM PEAK HOURS
64
REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION
COMPONENTS APPROX REACTIVE POWER REQUIREMENT
TRANSFORMER 0.05 KVAR/KVA
INDUCTION MOTOR 0.6-0.9 KVAR/KW
FLOURESCENT 1.5 KVAR/KW
LINES 20-50 KVAR/KW
65
DEMAND RESPONSE INTERVENTIONS
