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3
How To Use This Soil Survey
Detailed Soil Maps
The detailed soil maps can be useful in planning the use and management of small areas.
To find information about your area of interest, locate that area on the Index to Map Sheets. Note the number of
the map sheet and turn to that sheet.
Locate your area of interest on the map sheet. Note the map unit symbols that are in that area. Turn to the
Contents, which lists the map units by symbol and name and shows the page where each map unit is described.
The Contents shows which table has data on a specific land use for each detailed soil map unit. Also see the
Contents for sections of this publication that may address your specific needs.
4
This soil survey is a publication of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effort
of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State
agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural
Resources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation Service) has
leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey.
Major fieldwork for this soil survey was completed in 1996. Soil names and
descriptions were approved in 2005. Unless otherwise indicated, statements in this
publication refer to conditions in the survey area in 1996. This survey was made
cooperatively by the Natural Resources Conservation Service, the Bureau of Land
Management, the National Park Service, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and the Arizona
Agricultural Experiment Station. The survey is part of the technical assistance furnished
to the Big Sandy Natural Resources Conservation District.
Soil maps in this survey may be copied without permission. Enlargement of these
maps, however, could cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping. If enlarged,
maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a
larger scale.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs
and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where
applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual
orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an
individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited
bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for
communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should
contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD).
To file a complaint of discrimination write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights,
1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272
(voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.
Cover: Romero, Chiricahua, and Lampshire soils in the Arroweed Canyon area, Mohave
County, Arizona. (Photo courtesy of the Bureau of Land Management, Kingman Field Office.)
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Contents
How To Use This Soil Survey ................................. 3 21—Carrizo-Riverwash complex, 3 to 8
Contents .................................................................. 5 percent slopes .............................................. 28
Foreword ............................................................... 11 22—Carrizo-Riverwash complex, 1 to 3
General Nature of the Area ................................. 13 percent slopes .............................................. 29
How This Survey Was Made .......................... 13 23—Cave gravelly sandy loam, 10 to 35
Detailed Soil Map Units ........................................ 15 percent slopes .............................................. 29
1—Akela-Rock outcrop-Rubble land complex, 24—Cave gravelly sandy loam, dry, 10 to
40 to 70 percent slopes ................................ 16 35 percent slopes ......................................... 30
2—Akela-Rock outcrop-Rubble land complex, 25—Cellar-Rock outcrop complex, 20 to 60
dry, 40 to 70 percent slopes ......................... 16 percent slopes .............................................. 30
3—Alko family cobbly loam, 2 to 15 percent 26—Cellar-Rock outcrop complex, dry, 20
slopes .......................................................... 17 to 60 percent slopes ..................................... 31
4—Alko family cobbly loam, dry, 2 to 15 27—Cellar-Topock-Rock outcrop complex,
percent slopes .............................................. 18 5 to 35 percent slopes .................................. 31
5—Amole sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes ...... 18 28—Cherioni very cobbly loam, 2 to 15
6—Amole sandy loam, dry, 1 to 3 percent percent slopes .............................................. 32
slopes .......................................................... 19 29—Chuckawalla-Riverbend complex,
7—Anthony-Dudleyville complex, 1 to 3 2 to 15 percent slopes .................................. 33
percent slopes .............................................. 19 30—Chuckawalla-Riverbend families
8—Aquarius-Akela-Rock outcrop complex, complex, 2 to 15 percent slopes ................... 34
1 to 25 percent slopes .................................. 20 31—Cipriano very stony loam, 2 to 10
9—Arizo-Franconia-Riverwash complex, percent slopes .............................................. 34
1 to 3 percent slopes .................................... 21 32—Cline very stony loam, 2 to 15 percent
10—Arizo-Franconia-Riverwash complex, slopes .......................................................... 35
dry, 1 to 3 percent slopes ............................. 22 33—Cline very stony loam, dry, 2 to 15
11—Bartmus very gravelly sandy loam, 2 to percent slopes .............................................. 35
15 percent slopes ......................................... 22 34—Continental-Tres Hermanos complex,
12—Bonita family very cobbly silty clay 2 to 15 percent slopes .................................. 36
loam, 2 to 10 percent slopes ........................ 23 35—Continental-Tres Hermanos complex,
13—Bonita family-Gonzales complex, 10 dry, 2 to 15 percent slopes ........................... 37
to 35 percent slopes ..................................... 24 36—Continental-Rillino complex, 2 to 15
14—Brazito family sand, 0 to 3 percent percent slopes .............................................. 37
slopes .......................................................... 24 37—Continental-Rillino complex, dry, 2 to
15—Bucklebar sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent 15 percent slopes ......................................... 38
slopes .......................................................... 25 38—Coolidge-Denure complex, 1 to 7
16—Cacique family extremely gravelly percent slopes .............................................. 39
loam, 1 to 7 percent slopes .......................... 25 39—Coolidge-Denure families complex,
17—Castaneda extremely gravelly loam, 1 to 7 percent slopes .................................... 40
1 to 7 percent slopes .................................... 26 40—Courthouse family-Rock outcrop-Rubble
18—Castaneda extremely gravelly loam, dry, land complex, 40 to 70 percent slopes ......... 41
1 to 7 percent slopes .................................... 26 41—Courthouse family-Rock outcrop-
19—Carrizo family very gravelly loamy sand, Wagonbow complex, 15 to 70 percent
1 to 3 percent slopes .................................... 27 slopes .......................................................... 41
20—Carrizo family-Riverwash complex, 1 42—Far-Rock outcrop complex, 10 to 45
to 3 percent slopes ....................................... 28 percent slopes .............................................. 42
6
43—Dutchflat sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent 66—Kinley gravelly loamy sand, 15 to 35
slopes .......................................................... 43 percent slopes .............................................. 57
44—Dutchflat fine sandy loam, dry, 1 to 3 67—Kinley-Poachie complex, 2 to 15
percent slopes .............................................. 43 percent slopes .............................................. 57
45—Gadsden silty clay, 0 to 1 percent slopes .... 44 68—Kofa silty clay, 0 to 1 percent slopes ........... 58
46—Gila-Glendale complex, 1 to 3 percent 69—Dudleyville-Vinton-Riverwash complex,
slopes .......................................................... 44 1 to 3 percent slopes .................................... 59
47—Gila-Glendale complex, dry, 1 to 3 70—Dudleyville-Vinton-Riverwash complex,
percent slopes .............................................. 45 dry, 1 to 3 percent slopes ............................. 60
48—Goldroad-Rock outcrop complex, 20 71—Lagunita sand, 0 to 1 percent slopes ........... 60
to 60 percent slopes ..................................... 46 72—Lagunita-Ripley complex, 0 to 3
49—Gonzales-Rock outcrop complex, 15 percent slopes .............................................. 61
to 35 percent slopes ..................................... 47 73—Lampshire-Rock outcrop complex,
50—Goodsprings family gravelly sandy 20 to 60 percent slopes ................................ 61
loam, 1 to 15 percent slopes ........................ 47 74—Lampshire-Rock outcrop complex, 30
51—Goodsprings family gravelly sandy to 70 percent slopes ..................................... 62
loam, dry, 1 to 15 percent slopes ................. 48 75—Lampshire-Rock outcrop complex, 15
52—Goodsprings family gravelly sandy to 60 percent slopes, stony .......................... 63
loam, 10 to 35 percent slopes ...................... 48 76—Lostman gravelly sandy loam, moist,
53—Goodsprings family gravelly sandy 1 to 5 percent slopes .................................... 63
loam, dry, 10 to 35 percent slopes ............... 49 77—Lostman sandy loam, dry, 1 to 3 percent
54—Graham-Arivaca complex, 2 to 15 slopes .......................................................... 64
percent slopes .............................................. 49 78—Lostman-Kinley complex, 1 to 7 percent
55—Graham-Rock outcrop complex, 10 slopes .......................................................... 64
to 40 percent slopes ..................................... 50 79—Marshes ...................................................... 65
56—Gunsight very gravelly loam, 2 to 15 80—Meloland very fine sandy loam, 0 to 1
percent slopes .............................................. 51 percent slopes .............................................. 65
57—Gunsight very gravelly sandy loam, 81—Mohon-Kinley complex, 2 to 15 percent
10 to 40 percent slopes ................................ 51 slopes .......................................................... 66
58—Hassell family-Lampshire-Rock outcrop 82—Mohon-Poachie complex, 2 to 15 percent
complex, 10 to 30 percent slopes ................. 52 slopes .......................................................... 66
59—Holtville silty clay, 0 to 1 percent slopes ..... 53 83—Mohon-Poachie complex, dry, 2 to 15
60—Huevi very gravelly loam, 2 to 15 percent slopes .............................................. 67
percent slopes .............................................. 53 84—Nickel-Topawa-Eba families complex,
61—Huevi very gravelly loam, 10 to 40 10 to 50 percent slopes ................................ 68
percent slopes .............................................. 54 85—Orwash family sandy loam, 1 to 3
62—Akela-Rock outcrop complex, 20 to 60 percent slopes .............................................. 69
percent slopes .............................................. 54 86—Orwash family sandy loam, dry, 1 to
63—Hyder-Rock outcrop-Rubble land 3 percent slopes ........................................... 70
complex, 40 to 70 percent slopes ................. 55 87—Penthouse-Gonzales complex, 5 to 35
64—Indio silt loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes ........... 56 percent slopes .............................................. 70
65—Ireteba family-Arizo complex, 1 to 3 88—Poachie very gravelly loam, 1 to 4
percent slopes .............................................. 56 percent slopes .............................................. 71
7
89—Poachie very gravelly loam, dry, 1 111—Stagecoach very gravelly loam, 10
to 4 percent slopes ....................................... 71 to 40 percent slopes ..................................... 86
90—Quilotosa-Rock outcrop complex, 112—Stagecoach very gravelly sandy loam,
20 to 60 percent slopes ................................ 72 5 to 35 percent slopes .................................. 86
91—Razorback extremely gravelly sandy 113—Stagecoach very gravelly sandy loam,
loam, 15 to 35 percent slopes ...................... 73 dry, 5 to 35 percent slopes ........................... 87
92—Razorback-Rock outcrop complex, 1 114—Stagecoach-Topawa family-Eba
to 25 percent slopes ..................................... 73 complex, 10 to 50 percent slopes ................. 87
93—Razorback-Rock outcrop complex, 15 115—Stagecoach-Topawa family-Eba
to 70 percent slopes ..................................... 74 complex, dry, 10 to 50 percent slopes .......... 88
94—Razorback-Rock outcrop complex, dry, 116—Sunrock extremely gravelly sandy
15 to 70 percent slopes ................................ 74 loam, 15 to 35 percent slopes ...................... 90
95—Razorback-Rock outcrop-Rubble land 117—Sunrock-Rock outcrop complex, 30
complex, 40 to 70 percent slopes ................. 75 to 65 percent slopes ..................................... 90
96—Razorback-Rock outcrop-Rubble land 118—Tombstone-Caralampi-Eloma
complex, dry, 40 to 70 percent slopes .......... 75 complex, 10 to 50 percent slopes ................. 91
97—Rillino gravelly loamy sand, 15 to 35 119—Torriorthents, 35 to 65 percent slopes ........ 92
percent slopes .............................................. 76 120—Torriorthents, dry, 35 to 65 percent
98—Rillino-Tres Hermanos complex, 2 to slopes .......................................................... 92
15 percent slopes ......................................... 77 121—Tumarion very cobbly loam, 2 to 15
99—Ripley silt loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes ......... 77 percent slopes .............................................. 93
100—Riverbend family very cobbly sandy 122—Tumarion very cobbly loam, dry, 2
loam, 2 to 15 percent slopes ........................ 78 to 15 percent slopes ..................................... 93
101—Riverbend very cobbly sandy loam, 123—Tyro extremely stony sandy loam,
2 to 15 percent slopes .................................. 78 3 to 35 percent slopes .................................. 94
102—Riverwash-Fluvaquents association, 124—Tyro very stony loam, 2 to 10 percent
0 to 3 percent slopes .................................... 79 slopes .......................................................... 94
103—Rock outcrop-Hyder complex, 35 to 125—Vekol family gravelly loamy sand, 2
65 percent slopes ......................................... 79 to 7 percent slopes ....................................... 95
104—Rock outcrop-Razorback complex, 126—Vekol family gravelly loamy sand,
20 to 70 percent slopes ................................ 80 dry, 2 to 7 percent slopes ............................. 95
105—Rock outcrop-Sunrock complex, 35 127—Water ......................................................... 96
to 65 percent slopes ..................................... 80 128—Whitehills very gravelly loam, 1 to 5
106—Romero-Chiricahua-Rock outcrop percent slopes .............................................. 96
complex, 5 to 35 percent slopes ................... 81 129—Whitehills very gravelly loam, dry,
107—Romero-Lampshire-Rock outcrop 2 to 15 percent slopes .................................. 96
complex, 35 to 70 percent slopes ................. 82 130—White House family very gravelly
108—Rositas family, Superstition and loamy sand, 2 to 15 percent slopes .............. 97
Torriorthents soils, 1 to 60 percent 131—White House gravelly loamy sand,
slopes .......................................................... 83 2 to 15 percent slopes .................................. 97
109—Rositas, Superstition family and 132—Wikieup-Mutang-Rock outcrop
Torriorthents soils, 1 to 60 percent slopes .... 84 complex, 5 to 35 percent slopes ................... 98
110—Stagecoach very gravelly loam, 2 to 15 133—Mutang-Wikieup-Rock outcrop
percent slopes .............................................. 85 complex, 3 to 30 percent slopes ................... 99
8
134—Wikieup-Rock outcrop complex, dry, Bucklebar Series .......................................... 128
20 to 60 percent slopes .............................. 100 Cacique family .............................................. 129
135—Yahana family silty clay loam, 1 to 3 Caralampi Series .......................................... 129
percent slopes ............................................ 100 Carri family ................................................... 130
136—Tumarion-Nickel family complex, 8 Carrizo Series ............................................... 131
to 35 percent slopes ................................... 101 Carrizo family ............................................... 131
137—Valena-Rock outcrop-Carri family Castaneda Series ......................................... 132
complex, 1 to 25 percent slopes ................. 102 Cave Series .................................................. 133
138—Nodman-Rock outcrop complex, Cellar Series ................................................. 133
15 to 65 percent slopes .............................. 103 Cherioni Series ............................................. 134
139—Nodman-Romero family complex, Chiricahua Series ......................................... 134
15 to 65 percent slopes .............................. 103 Chuckawalla Series ...................................... 135
Use and Management of the Soils ..................... 105 Chuckawalla family ....................................... 136
Interpretive Ratings ........................................... 105 Cipriano Series ............................................. 137
Rating Class Terms .......................................... 105 Cline Series .................................................. 137
Numerical Ratings ............................................ 105 Continental Series ........................................ 138
Prime Farmland ................................................ 105 Coolidge Series ............................................ 138
Rangeland ......................................................... 106 Coolidge family ............................................. 139
Forest Productivity ........................................... 107 Courthouse family ........................................ 140
Recreation ........................................................ 107 Denure Series ............................................... 140
Engineering ....................................................... 108 Denure family ............................................... 141
Building Site Development ................................ 109 Dudleyville Series ......................................... 142
Sanitary Facilities ............................................. 110 Dutchflat Series ............................................ 143
Construction Materials ...................................... 112 Eba taxadjunct ............................................. 143
Water Management ........................................... 113 Eba family .................................................... 144
Soil Properties .................................................... 115 Eloma Series ................................................ 145
Engineering Index Properties ............................ 115 Far Series .................................................... 146
Physical Properties ........................................... 116 Fluvaquents .................................................. 146
Chemical Properties .......................................... 117 Franconia Series .......................................... 147
Soil Features .................................................... 118 Gadsden Series ............................................ 147
Water Features ................................................. 118 Gila Series ................................................... 148
Classification of the Soils ................................... 121 Glendale Series ............................................ 149
Soil Series and Their Morphology ..................... 121 Goldroad Series ............................................ 149
Akela Series ................................................. 121 Gonzales Series ........................................... 150
Alko family ................................................... 122 Goodsprings family ....................................... 150
Amole Series ................................................ 123 Graham Series ............................................. 151
Anthony Series ............................................. 123 Gunsight Series ............................................ 152
Aquarius Series ............................................ 124 Hassell family ............................................... 152
Arivaca taxadjunct ........................................ 125 Holtville Series ............................................. 153
Arizo Series .................................................. 125 Huevi Series ................................................. 154
Bartmus Series ............................................ 126 Hyder Series ................................................ 155
Bonita family ................................................ 126 Indio Series .................................................. 155
Brazito family ............................................... 127 Ireteba family ............................................... 156
9
Kinley Series ................................................ 157 White House family ...................................... 183
Kofa Series .................................................. 158 Whitehills Series ........................................... 184
Lagunita Series ............................................ 158 Wikieup Series ............................................. 185
Lampshire Series .......................................... 159 Yahana family .............................................. 185
Lostman Series ............................................ 159 References ........................................................... 187
Meloland Series ............................................ 160 Glossary .............................................................. 189
Mohon Series ............................................... 161 Tables .................................................................. 199
Mutang Series .............................................. 161 Table 1.—Acreage and Proportionate Extent
Nickel family ................................................ 162 of the Soils ................................................. 200
Nodman Series ............................................. 163 Table 2.—Prime and Other Important
Orwash family .............................................. 163 Farmland .................................................... 204
Penthouse Series ......................................... 164 Table 3.—Rangeland and Forest Understory
Poachie Series ............................................. 165 Productivity and Characteristic Plant
Quilotosa Series ........................................... 166 Communities .............................................. 205
Razorback Series ......................................... 166 Table 4.—Forestland Productivity ..................... 255
Rillino Series ................................................ 167 Table 5.—Camp Areas, Picnic Areas, and
Ripley Series ................................................ 168 Playgrounds ............................................... 267
Riverbend Series .......................................... 168 Table 6.—Paths, Trails, and Golf
Riverbend family ........................................... 169 Fairways .................................................... 301
Romero Series .............................................. 170 Table 7.—Dwellings and Small Commercial
Romero family .............................................. 171 Buildings .................................................... 332
Rositas Series .............................................. 171 Table 8.—Roads and Streets, Shallow
Rositas family .............................................. 172 Excavations, and Lawns and
Stagecoach Series ....................................... 172 Landscaping ............................................... 359
Sunrock Series ............................................. 173 Table 9.—Sewage Disposal .............................. 393
Superstition Series ....................................... 173 Table 10.—Landfills .......................................... 417
Superstition family ........................................ 174 Table 11.—Source of Gravel and Sand ............. 447
Tombstone Series ........................................ 175 Table 12.—Source of Reclamation Material,
Topawa family .............................................. 175 Roadfill, and Topsoil ................................... 467
Topock Series .............................................. 176 Table 13.—Ponds and Embankments ............... 503
Torriorthents ................................................. 177 Table 14.—Engineering Properties .................... 528
Tres Hermanos Series .................................. 177 Table 15.—Physical Soil Properties .................. 576
Tumarion Series ........................................... 178 Table 16.—Chemical Soil Properties ................. 606
Tyro Series ................................................... 179 Table 17a.—Soil Features ................................ 634
Valena Series ............................................... 180 Table 17b.—Soil Features ................................ 647
Vekol family ................................................. 180 Table 18.—Water Features ............................... 658
Vinton Series ................................................ 181 Table 19.—Taxonomic Classification of
Wagonbow Series ......................................... 182 the Soils ..................................................... 682
White House Series ...................................... 182 NRCS Accessibility Statement ............................ 685
Issued 2006
11
Foreword
This soil survey contains information that affects land use planning in this survey
area. It contains predictions of soil behavior for selected land uses. The survey also
highlights soil limitations and the impact of selected land uses on the environment.
This soil survey is designed for many different users. Farmers, ranchers, foresters,
and agronomists can use it to evaluate the potential of the soil and the management
needed for maximum food and fiber production. Planners, community officials,
engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers can use the survey to plan land use,
select sites for construction, and identify special practices needed to ensure proper
performance. Conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, wildlife
management, waste disposal, and pollution control can use the survey to help them
understand, protect, and enhance the environment.
Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose
special restrictions on land use or land treatment. The information in this report is
intended to identify soil properties that are used in making various land use or land
treatment decisions. Statements made in this report are intended to help the land users
identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner or
user is responsible for identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations.
Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are
seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are shallow to bedrock. Some are too
unstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly
suited to use as septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly
suited to basements or underground installations.
These and many other soil properties that affect land use are described in this soil
survey. The location of each soil is shown on the detailed soil maps. Each soil in the
survey area is described. Information on specific uses is given for each soil. Help in
using this publication and additional information are available at the local office of the
Natural Resources Conservation Service or the Cooperative Extension Service.
David L. McKay
State Conservationist
Natural Resources Conservation Service
13
Soil Survey of
Mohave County, Arizona,
Southern Part
By Richard K. Strait, Natural Resources Conservation Service
Fieldwork by Wendell Jorgensen and Russell L. Barmore, Natural Resources
Conservation Service, and Paul Hobbs, Bureau of Land Management.
This survey was made cooperatively by the Natural Resources Conservation Service,
the Bureau of Land Management, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, the National Park
Service, and the Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station. The survey is part of the
technical assistance furnished to the Big Sandy Natural Resources Conservation
District.
General Nature of the Area Sonoran Basin and Range, and the Mogollon
Transition. The northern portion of the survey area falls
MOHAVE COUNTY, SOUTHERN PART, is located in the into the Mohave Desert Basin and Range, and the
southern portion of Mohave County, Arizona. Lake southern part is in the Sonoran Basin and Range. The
Havasu City, the largest city in the survey area, had a Mogollon Transition is restricted to the Hualapai and
population of 41,938 in 2000. The survey area Aquarius Mountains (USDA, 1981).
encompasses about 3,894 square miles or 2,492,300 Elevations of the survey area range from about 400
acres. Dominant land types include rangeland, to about 8,000 feet above mean sea level. Mean
recreation, urban land, farmland, and woodland. annual precipitation ranges from about 3 inches in the
Physiographically, the survey area consists of six lower elevations of the Mohave Desert and Sonoran
main mountain ranges and two broad valleys. The Desert to about 20 inches in the higher elevations of
Hualapai mountain range, the largest in the area, lies in the Hualapai Mountains. Mean annual air temperature
the center of the survey area. The Black Mountains ranges from about 48 degrees Fahrenheit in the higher
and the Mohave Mountains separate the Colorado mountains to 78 degrees Fahrenheit in the low deserts.
River drainage and the Mohave Valley from the
Sacramento Valley. The Arrastra Mountains and the How This Survey Was Made
Rawhide Mountains are located in the southern portion
of the area along the Bill Williams and the Santa Maria This survey was made to provide information about
rivers. The Aquarius Mountains lie in the eastern the soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey area.
portion of the area. The information includes a description of the soils and
Soils in the mountains formed primarily from miscellaneous areas and their location. Soil scientists
alluvium, colluvium, and residuum from igneous and observed the steepness, length, and shape of the
metamorphic rocks. Valley soils formed from mixed slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of
alluvium washed down from the mountains. Wind and crops and native plants; and the kinds of bedrock.
water erosion is a major concern in the area. Erosion They dug many holes to study the soil profile, which is
can damage areas such as paths and trails, the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil.
construction areas, and areas where vegetative cover The profile extends from the surface down into the
has been lost. Soils that have accumulations of salts unconsolidated material in which the soil formed. The
and sodium are also a concern in farmland areas. unconsolidated material is devoid of roots and other
Major Land Resource Areas within the survey area living organisms and has not been changed by other
include the Mohave Desert Basin and Range, the biological activity.
14
The soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey and character of soil properties and the arrangement of
area are in an orderly pattern that is related to the horizons within the profile. After the soil scientists
geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural classified and named the soils in the survey area, they
vegetation of the area. Each kind of soil and compared the individual soils with similar soils in the
miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind same taxonomic class in other areas so that they
of landform or with a segment of the landform. By could confirm data and assemble additional data based
observing the soils and miscellaneous areas in the on experience and research.
survey area and relating their position to specific While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some
segments of the landform, a soil scientist develops a of the soils in the area generally are collected for
concept or model of how they were formed. Thus, laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil
during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist to scientists interpret the data from these analyses and
predict with a considerable degree of accuracy the kind tests as well as the field-observed characteristics and
of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific location on the soil properties to determine the expected behavior
the landscape. of the soils under different uses. Interpretations for all
Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge of the soils are field tested through observation of the
into one another as their characteristics gradually soils in different uses and under different levels of
change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, management. Some interpretations are modified to fit
soil scientists must determine the boundaries between local conditions, and some new interpretations are
the soils. They can observe only a limited number of developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled
soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, from other sources, such as research information,
supplemented by an understanding of the soil- production records, and field experience of specialists.
vegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to Predictions about soil behavior are based not only
verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to on soil properties but also on such variables as climate
determine the boundaries. and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable
Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the over long periods of time, but they are not predictable
soil profiles that they studied. They noted soil color, from year to year. For example, soil scientists can
texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a
amount of rock fragments, distribution of plant roots, given soil will have a high water table within certain
reaction, and other features that enable them to depths in most years, but they cannot predict that a
identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey high water table will always be at a specific level in the
area and determining their properties, the soil soil on a specific date.
scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes After soil scientists located and identified the
(units). Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each significant natural bodies of soil in the survey area,
taxonomic class has a set of soil characteristics with they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial
precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a photographs and identified each as a specific map unit.
basis for comparison to classify soils systematically. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, roads, and
Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic classification rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries
used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind accurately.
15
Detailed Soil Map Units
The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the
in this survey represent the soils or miscellaneous data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure
areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions in taxonomic classes but rather to separate the
this section, along with the maps, can be used to landscape into landforms or landform segments that
determine the suitability and potential of a unit for have similar use and management requirements. The
specific uses. They also can be used to plan the delineation of such segments on the map provides
management needed for those uses. sufficient information for the development of resource
A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned,
area dominated by one or more major kinds of soil or however, onsite investigation is needed to define and
miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.
named according to the taxonomic classification of the An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name
dominant soils. Within a taxonomic class there are in the map unit descriptions. Each description includes
precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. general facts about the unit and gives the principal
On the landscape, however, the soils are natural hazards and limitations to be considered in planning for
phenomena, and they have the characteristic variability specific uses.
of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make
observed properties may extend beyond the limits up a soil series. Except for differences in texture of the
defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a surface layer, all the soils of a series have major
single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped horizons that are similar in composition, thickness, and
without including areas of other taxonomic classes. arrangement.
Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils Soils of one series can differ in texture of the
or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and some surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity, degree of
minor components that belong to taxonomic classes erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use.
other than those of the major soils. On the basis of such differences, a soil series is
Most minor soils have properties similar to those of divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on
the dominant soil or soils in the map unit, and thus the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The
they do not affect use and management. These are name of a soil phase commonly indicates a feature
called noncontrasting, or similar, components. They that affects use or management. For example, Tyro
may or may not be mentioned in a particular map unit very stony loam, 2 to 10 percent slopes, is a phase of
description. Other minor components, however, have the Tyro series.
properties and behavioral characteristics divergent Some map units are made up of two or more major
enough to affect use or to require different soils or miscellaneous areas. These map units are
management. These are called contrasting, or complexes or associations.
dissimilar, components. They generally are in small A complex consists of two or more soils or
areas and could not be mapped separately because of miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern or in
the scale used. The contrasting components are such small areas that they cannot be shown separately
mentioned in the map unit descriptions. A few areas of on the maps. The pattern and proportion of the soils or
minor components may not have been observed, and miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all areas.
consequently they are not mentioned in the Goldroad-Rock outcrop complex, 20 to 60 percent
descriptions, especially where the pattern was so slopes, is an example.
complex that it was impractical to make enough An association is made up of two or more
observations to identify all the soils and miscellaneous geographically associated soils or miscellaneous areas
areas on the landscape. that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of
The presence of minor components in a map unit in present or anticipated uses of the map units in the
16 Soil Survey
survey area, it was not considered practical or Parent Material: Alluvium and/or colluvium derived
necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas from volcanic rock
separately. The pattern and relative proportion of the Slope: 40 to 70 percent
soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar. Depth to restrictive feature: 4 to 20 inches to bedrock
Riverwash-Fluvaquents association, 0 to 3 percent (lithic)
slopes, is an example. Drainage class: Well drained
An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more Permeability: From 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate)
soils or miscellaneous areas that could be mapped Available water capacity total inches: 0.3
individually but are mapped as one unit because Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
similar interpretations can be made for use and Flooding hazard: None
management. The pattern and proportion of the soils or Runoff class: Very high
miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. Hydrologic group: D
An area can be made up of only one of the major soils Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and
or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made up of all of Range
them. Rositas family, Superstition and Torriorthents Land Resource Unit: 40-1AZ; Upper Sonoran Desert
soils, 1 to 60 percent slopes, is an undifferentiated Ecological site name: Basalt Hills 10-13" p.z.
group in this survey area. Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
This survey includes miscellaneous areas. Such vary in extent between delineations.
areas have little or no soil material and support little or Ecosystem site number: R040XA101AZ
no vegetation. Riverwash is an example. Present native vegetation: littleleaf palo verde, bush
Table 1 gives the acreage and proportionate extent muhly, big galleta, creosotebush, white brittlebush,
of each map unit. Other tables give properties of the desert globemallow, desert needlegrass, range
soils and the limitations, capabilities, and potentials for ratany, sideoats grama, slim tridens
many uses. The Glossary defines many of the terms Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
used in describing the soils or miscellaneous areas.
Typical Profile
A—0 to 1 inches; extremely cobbly loam
1—Akela-Rock outcrop-Rubble land Bw—1 to 5 inches; extremely cobbly loam
complex, 40 to 70 percent slopes 2R—5 inches; unweathered bedrock
Rock outcrop
Map Unit Setting
Exposures of bedrock, typically barren but may have
Landform: hills and mountains sparse vegetation growing in cracks and crevices or in
Elevation: 2,100 to 4,600 feet (640 to 1,402 meters) thin layers of alluvium or colluvium.
Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 12 inches (254 to 305
Rubble land
millimeters)
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15 Consists of areas of cobbles, stones, and boulders.
to 21 degrees C.) Rubble land is commonly at the base of mountains,
Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17 mesas, and escarpments.
to 23 degrees C.)
Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days
Map Unit Composition 2—Akela-Rock outcrop-Rubble land
complex, dry, 40 to 70 percent slopes
Akela and similar soils: 45 percent
Rock outcrop: 20 percent
Map Unit Setting
Rubble land: 20 percent
Minor components: 15 percent Landform: hills and mountains
Elevation: 2,100 to 4,600 feet (640 to 1,402 meters)
Properties and Qualities
Mean annual precipitation: 7 to 10 inches (178 to 254
millimeters)
Akela soils
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15
Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, to 21 degrees C.)
superactive, calcareous, thermic Lithic Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17
Torriorthents to 23 degrees C.)
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 17
Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days 3—Alko family cobbly loam, 2 to 15
Map Unit Composition percent slopes
Akela and similar soils: 45 percent
Map Unit Setting
Rock outcrop: 20 percent
Rubble land: 20 percent Landform: fan terraces
Minor components: 15 percent Elevation: 1,800 to 3,500 feet (549 to 1,067 meters)
Mean annual precipitation: 9 to 12 inches (229 to 305
Properties and Qualities
millimeters)
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15
Akela soils
to 21 degrees C.)
Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17
superactive, calcareous, thermic Lithic to 23 degrees C.)
Torriorthents Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days
Parent Material: Alluvium and/or colluvium derived
Map Unit Composition
from volcanic rock
Slope: 40 to 70 percent Alko family and similar soils: 85 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 4 to 20 inches to bedrock Minor components: 15 percent
(lithic)
Properties and Qualities
Drainage class: Well drained
Permeability: From 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate)
Alko family soils
Available water capacity total inches: 0.3
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low) Taxonomic Classification: Loamy, mixed, superactive,
Flooding hazard: None thermic, shallow Typic Haplodurids
Runoff class: Very high Parent Material: Alluvium derived from volcanic rock
Hydrologic group: D Slope: 2 to 15 percent
Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and Depth to restrictive feature: 5 to 20 inches to
Range duripan
Land Resource Unit: 40-2AZ; Middle Sonoran Desert Drainage class: Well drained
Ecological site name: Basalt Hills 7-10" p.z. Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and rapid)
vary in extent between delineations. Available water capacity total inches: 1.6
Ecosystem site number: R040XB201AZ Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Present native vegetation: white brittlebush, littleleaf Flooding hazard: None
palo verde, bush muhly, creosotebush, slim Runoff class: Very high
tridens, desert globemallow, white bursage Hydrologic group: D
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert
Land Resource Unit: 30-3AZ; Upper Mohave Desert
Typical Profile
Ecological site name: Limy Upland 10-13" p.z.
A—0 to 1 inches; extremely cobbly loam Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Bw—1 to 5 inches; extremely cobbly loam vary in extent between delineations.
2R—5 inches; unweathered bedrock Ecosystem site number: R030XC311AZ
Present native vegetation: blackbrush, big galleta,
Rock outcrop
bush muhly, Mojave yucca, creosotebush,
Exposures of bedrock, typically barren but may have goldenhead, red brome
sparse vegetation growing in cracks and crevices or in Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
thin layers of alluvium or colluvium.
Typical Profile
Rubble land
A—0 to 1 inches; cobbly loam
Consists of areas of cobbles, stones, and boulders. B—1 to 15 inches; gravelly loam
Rubble land is commonly at the base of mountains, 2Bqkm—15 to 31 inches; indurated
mesas, and escarpments. 2C—31 to 60 inches; extremely gravelly sand
18 Soil Survey
4—Alko family cobbly loam, dry, 2 to 15 5—Amole sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent
percent slopes slopes
Map Unit Setting Map Unit Setting
Landform: fan terraces Landform: fan terraces
Elevation: 1,800 to 3,500 feet (549 to 1,067 meters) Elevation: 1,500 to 2,700 feet (457 to 823 meters)
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 9 inches (152 to 229 Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 12 inches (254 to 305
millimeters) millimeters)
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15 Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15
to 21 degrees C.) to 21 degrees C.)
Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17 Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17
to 23 degrees C.) to 23 degrees C.)
Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days
Map Unit Composition Map Unit Composition
Alko family and similar soils: 85 percent Amole and similar soils: 75 percent
Minor components: 15 percent Minor components: 25 percent
Properties and Qualities Properties and Qualities
Alko family soils Amole soils
Taxonomic Classification: Loamy, mixed, superactive, Taxonomic Classification: Sandy, mixed, thermic
thermic, shallow Typic Haplodurids Typic Torriorthents
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from volcanic rock Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Slope: 2 to 15 percent sources
Depth to restrictive feature: 5 to 20 inches to duripan Slope: 1 to 3 percent
Drainage class: Well drained Drainage class: well drained
Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid)
rapid) Available water capacity total inches: 4.0
Available water capacity total inches: 1.6 Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low) Flooding hazard: None
Flooding hazard: None Runoff class: very low
Runoff class: Very high Hydrologic group: C
Hydrologic group: D Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and
Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert Range
Land Resource Unit: 30-2AZ; Middle Mohave Land Resource Unit: 40-1AZ; Upper Sonoran Desert
Desert Ecological site name: Sandy Loam Upland 10-13" p.z.
Ecological site name: Limy Upland 6-10" p.z. Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and vary in extent between delineations.
vary in extent between delineations. Ecosystem site number: R040XA118AZ
Ecosystem site number: R030XB214AZ Present native vegetation: black grama, bush muhly,
Present native vegetation: creosotebush, white big galleta, burrobush, Eastern Mojave wild
bursage, red brome, Mojave yucca, goldenhead buckwheat, Indian ricegrass, buckhorn cholla,
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c goldenhead, range ratany, whitestem paperflower
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
Typical Profile
Typical Profile
A—0 to 1 inches; cobbly loam
B—1 to 15 inches; gravelly loam A—0 to 1 inches; sandy loam
2Bqkm—15 to 31 inches; indurated C1—1 to 19 inches; sandy loam
2C—31 to 60 inches; extremely gravelly sand C2—19 to 60 inches; loamy coarse sand
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 19
6—Amole sandy loam, dry, 1 to 3 percent 7—Anthony-Dudleyville complex, 1 to 3
slopes percent slopes
Map Unit Setting Map Unit Setting
Landform: fan terraces Landform: flood plains and stream terraces
Elevation: 1,500 to 2,700 feet (457 to 823 meters) Elevation: 2,200 to 3,200 feet (671 to 975 meters)
Mean annual precipitation: 7 to 10 inches (178 to 254 Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 12 inches (254 to 305
millimeters) millimeters)
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15 Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15
to 21 degrees C.) to 21 degrees C.)
Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17 Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17
to 23 degrees C.) to 23 degrees C.)
Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days Frost-free period: 200 to 230 days
Map Unit Composition Map Unit Composition
Amole and similar soils: 75 percent Anthony and similar soils: 45 percent
Minor components: 25 percent Dudleyville and similar soils: 30 percent
Minor components: 25 percent
Properties and Qualities
Properties and Qualities
Amole soils
Anthony soils
Taxonomic Classification: Sandy, mixed, thermic
Typic Torriorthents Taxonomic Classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock superactive, calcareous, thermic Typic
sources Torrifluvents
Slope: 1 to 3 percent Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Drainage class: well drained sources
Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately Slope: 1 to 3 percent
rapid) Drainage class: Well drained
Available water capacity total inches: 4.0 Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid)
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low) Available water capacity total inches: 4.4
Flooding hazard: None Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Runoff class: Very low Flooding hazard: Occasional
Hydrologic group: C Runoff class: Very low
Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and Hydrologic group: B
Range Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and
Land Resource Unit: 40-2AZ; Middle Sonoran Desert Range
Ecological site name: Sandy Loam Upland 7-10" p.z. Land Resource Unit: 40-1AZ; Upper Sonoran Desert
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and Ecological site name: Sandy Bottom 10-13" p.z.
vary in extent between delineations. Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Ecosystem site number: R040XB218AZ vary in extent between delineations.
Present native vegetation: big galleta, creosotebush, Ecosystem site number: R040XA115AZ
bush muhly, black grama, Indian ricegrass, white Present native vegetation: Arizona cottontop, Mexican
bursage bladder sage, big galleta, bush muhly, catclaw
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c acacia, western honey mesquite, fourwing
saltbush, sand dropseed
Typical Profile
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
A—0 to 1 inches; sandy loam
Typical Profile
C1—1 to 19 inches; sandy loam
C2—19 to 60 inches; loamy coarse sand A—0 to 1 inches; gravelly sandy loam
20 Soil Survey
C1—1 to 35 inches; gravelly coarse sandy loam Rock outcrop: 20 percent
C2—35 to 60 inches; gravelly sandy loam Minor components: 5 percent
Dudleyville soils Properties and Qualities
Taxonomic Classification: Sandy-skeletal, mixed,
Aquarius soils
thermic Typic Torriorthents
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock Taxonomic Classification: Fine, smectitic, calcareous,
sources thermic Vertic Torriorthents
Slope: 1 to 3 percent Parent Material: Alluvium and/or colluvium derived
Drainage class: Excessively drained from volcanic rock
Permeability: Greater than 20 in/hr (very rapid) Slope: 10 to 25 percent
Available water capacity total inches: 3.1 Drainage class: Well drained
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low) Permeability: From 0.06 to 0.2 in/hr (slow)
Flooding hazard: None Available water capacity total inches: 8.6
Runoff class: Negligible Shrink-swell potential: About 10.0 LEP (very high)
Hydrologic group: A Flooding hazard: None
Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and Runoff class: Medium
Range Hydrologic group: C
Land Resource Unit: 40-3AZ; Sonoran-Mohave Desert Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and
Transition Range
Ecological site name: Sandy Bottom 10-12" p.z. Land Resource Unit: 40-1AZ; Upper Sonoran Desert
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and Ecological site name: Clay Loam Upland 10-13" p.z.
vary in extent between delineations. Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Ecosystem site number: R040XC343AZ vary in extent between delineations.
Present native vegetation: Arizona cottontop, Mexican Ecosystem site number: R040XA120AZ
bladder sage, big galleta, bush muhly, catclaw Present native vegetation: black grama, sideoats
acacia, western honey mesquite, fourwing grama, tobosa, big galleta, broom snakeweed,
saltbush, sand dropseed bush muhly, desert globemallow, false mesquite,
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c littleleaf palo verde, range ratany, shrubby
buckwheat
Typical Profile
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
A—0 to 2 inches; gravelly loamy sand
Typical Profile
C1—2 to 12 inches; gravelly loamy coarse sand
C—12 to 60 inches; very gravelly coarse sand A1—0 to 2 inches; very cobbly silt loam
A2—2 to 8 inches; silty clay loam
C1—8 to 24 inches; cobbly silty clay
8—Aquarius-Akela-Rock outcrop C2—24 to 42 inches; silty clay
complex, 1 to 25 percent slopes 2Btkb1—42 to 50 inches; silty clay
2Btkb2—50 to 60 inches; gravelly silty clay loam
Map Unit Setting Akela soils
Landform: plateaus and hills Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,
Elevation: 2,100 to 4,600 feet (640 to 1,402 meters) superactive, calcareous, thermic Lithic
Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 12 inches (254 to 305 Torriorthents
millimeters) Parent Material: Alluvium and/or colluvium derived
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15 from volcanic rock
to 21 degrees C.) Slope: 1 to 25 percent
Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17 Surface fragments: About 9 percent stones
to 23 degrees C.) Depth to restrictive feature: 4 to 20 inches to bedrock
Frost-free period: 200 to 230 days (lithic)
Drainage class: Well drained
Map Unit Composition
Permeability: From 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate)
Aquarius and similar soils: 45 percent Available water capacity total inches: 0.3
Akela and similar soils: 30 percent Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 21
Flooding hazard: None Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Runoff class: Very high sources
Hydrologic group: D Slope: 1 to 3 percent
Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and Drainage class: Excessively drained
Range Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid)
Land Resource Unit: 40-1AZ; Upper Sonoran Desert Available water capacity total inches: 2.4
Ecological site name: Basalt Hills 10-13" p.z. Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and Flooding hazard: Frequent
vary in extent between delineations. Runoff class: Very low
Ecosystem site number: R040XA101AZ Hydrologic group: B
Present native vegetation: littleleaf palo verde, bush Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert
muhly, big galleta, creosotebush, white brittlebush, Land Resource Unit: 30-3AZ; Upper Mohave Desert
Eastern Mojave wild buckwheat, desert Ecological site name: Sandy Bottom 10-13" p.z.
globemallow, desert needlegrass, range ratany, Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
sideoats grama, slim tridens vary in extent between delineations.
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c Ecosystem site number: R030XC317AZ
Present native vegetation: white burrobush, bush
Typical Profile
muhly, desert rabbitbrush, Anderson wolfberry, big
A—0 to 1 inches; extremely cobbly loam galleta, catclaw acacia, creosotebush, desert
Bw—1 to 5 inches; extremely cobbly loam willow, red brome, sand dropseed, white bursage
2R—5 inches; unweathered bedrock Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
Rock outcrop Typical Profile
Exposures of bedrock, typically barren but may have A—0 to 2 inches; gravelly sandy loam
sparse vegetation growing in cracks and crevices or in C1—2 to 11 inches; gravelly sandy loam
thin layers of alluvium or colluvium. C2—11 to 15 inches; sandy loam
C3—15 to 35 inches; extremely gravelly loamy
sand
9—Arizo-Franconia-Riverwash complex, 1 C4—35 to 60 inches; very gravelly loamy coarse
to 3 percent slopes sand
Franconia soils
Map Unit Setting
Taxonomic Classification: Sandy, mixed, thermic
Landform: flood plains and alluvial fans Typic Torrifluvents
Elevation: 2,300 to 3,900 feet (701 to 1189 meters) Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Mean annual precipitation: 9 to 12 inches (229 to 305 sources
millimeters) Slope: 1 to 3 percent
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 64 degrees F. (15 Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
to 18 degrees C.) Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid)
Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 66 degrees F. (17 Available water capacity total inches: 4.0
to 19 degrees C.) Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Frost-free period: 200 to 230 days Flooding hazard: Occasional
Runoff class: Very low
Map Unit Composition
Hydrologic group: B
Arizo and similar soils: 40 percent Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert
Franconia and similar soils: 30 percent Land Resource Unit: 30-3AZ; Upper Mohave Desert
Riverwash: 20 percent Ecological site name: Sandy Bottom 10-13" p.z.
Minor components: 10 percent Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
vary in extent between delineations.
Properties and Qualities
Ecosystem site number: R030XC317AZ
Present native vegetation: white burrobush, bush
Arizo soils
muhly, desert rabbitbrush, Anderson wolfberry, big
Taxonomic Classification: Sandy-skeletal, mixed, galleta, catclaw acacia, creosotebush, red brome,
thermic Typic Torriorthents sand dropseed, white bursage
22 Soil Survey
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c Present native vegetation: white burrobrush, catclaw
acacia, creosotebush
Typical Profile
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
A—0 to 2 inches; sandy loam
Typical Profile
C—2 to 33 inches; loamy sand
C3—33 to 60 inches; gravelly loamy sand A—0 to 2 inches; gravelly sandy loam
C1—2 to 11 inches; gravelly sandy loam
Riverwash
C2—11 to 15 inches; sandy loam
Barren fluvial channels, usually coarse-textured, C3—15 to 35 inches; extremely gravelly loamy
exposed along narrow drainageways, subject to shifting sand
during flood events. C4—35 to 60 inches; very gravelly loamy coarse
sand
10—Arizo-Franconia-Riverwash complex, Franconia soils
dry, 1 to 3 percent slopes Taxonomic Classification: Sandy, mixed, thermic
Typic Torrifluvents
Map Unit Setting Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
sources
Landform: flood plains
Slope: 1 to 3 percent
Elevation: 1,500 to 3,000 feet (457 to 914 meters)
Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 9 inches (152 to 229
Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid)
millimeters)
Available water capacity total inches: 4.0
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
to 21 degrees C.)
Flooding hazard: Occasional
Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17
Runoff class: Very low
to 22 degrees C.)
Hydrologic group: B
Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days
Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert
Map Unit Composition Land Resource Unit: 30-2AZ; Middle Mohave Desert
Ecological site name: Sandy Wash 6-10" p.z.
Arizo and similar soils: 40 percent
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Franconia and similar soils: 30 percent
vary in extent between delineations.
Riverwash: 20 percent
Ecosystem site number: R030XB218AZ
Minor components: 10 percent
Present native vegetation: white burrobrush, catclaw
Properties and Qualities acacia, creosotebush
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
Arizo soils
Typical Profile
Taxonomic Classification: Sandy-skeletal, mixed,
A—0 to 2 inches; sandy loam
thermic Typic Torriorthents
C1—2 to 18 inches; loamy sand
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
C2—18 to 33 inches; stratified loamy sand
sources
C3—33 to 60 inches; gravelly loamy sand
Slope: 1 to 3 percent
Drainage class: Excessively drained Riverwash
Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid)
Barren fluvial channels, usually coarse-textured,
Available water capacity total inches: 2.4
exposed along narrow drainageways, subject to shifting
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
during flood events.
Flooding hazard: Frequent
Runoff class: Very low
Hydrologic group: A 11—Bartmus very gravelly sandy loam, 2
Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert to 15 percent slopes
Land Resource Unit: 30-2AZ; Middle Mohave Desert
Ecological site name: Sandy Wash 6-10" p.z.
Map Unit Setting
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
vary in extent between delineations. Landform: mesas
Ecosystem site number: R030XB218AZ Elevation: 4,000 to 4,200 feet (1,219 to 1,280 meters)
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 23
Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 16 inches (305 to 406 12—Bonita family very cobbly silty clay
millimeters) loam, 2 to 10 percent slopes
Mean annual air temperature: 57 to 61 degrees F. (14
to 16 degrees C.)
Map Unit Setting
Mean annual soil temperature: 59 to 63 degrees F. (15
to 18 degrees C.) Landform: mesas
Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Elevation: 4,400 to 5,600 feet (1,341 to 1,707
meters)
Map Unit Composition
Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 16 inches (305 to 406
Bartmus and similar soils: 85 percent millimeters)
Minor components: 15 percent Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 61 degrees F. (15
to 16 degrees C.)
Properties and Qualities
Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 63 degrees F. (17
to 18 degrees C.)
Bartmus soils
Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days
Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,
Map Unit Composition
superactive, thermic, shallow Ustic Haplodurids
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from volcanic rock Bonita family and similar soils: 85 percent
Slope: 2 to 15 percent Minor components: 15 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 5 to 18 inches to duripan; 7
Properties and Qualities
to 30 inches to bedrock (lithic)
Drainage class: Well drained
Bonita family soils
Permeability: From 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate)
Available water capacity total inches: 0.4 Taxonomic Classification: Fine, smectitic, thermic
Shrink-swell potential: About 4.5 LEP (moderate) Typic Haplotorrerts
Flooding hazard: None Parent Material: Alluvium derived from volcanic rock
Runoff class: Very high Slope: 2 to 10 percent
Hydrologic group: D Drainage class: Well drained
Major Land Resource Area: 38; Mogollon Transition Permeability: From 0.06 to 0.2 in/hr (slow)
Land Resource Unit: 38-1AZ; Mogollon Transition Available water capacity total inches: 6.1
Interior Chaparral, Grassland, and Pinyon-Juniper Shrink-swell potential: About 7.5 LEP (high)
Savannah Flooding hazard: None
Ecological site name: Limy Upland 12-16" p.z. Runoff class: Medium
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and Hydrologic group: B
vary in extent between delineations. Major Land Resource Area: 38; Mogollon
Ecosystem site number: R038XA106AZ Transition
Present native vegetation: black grama, sideoats Land Resource Unit: 38-1AZ; Mogollon Transition
grama, needle and thread, birchleaf Interior Chaparral, Grassland, and Pinyon-Juniper
mountainmahogany, desert ceanothus, Savannah
muttongrass, range ratany, slim tridens, turbinella Ecological site name: Clayey Upland 12-16" p.z.
oak, western bottlebrush grass Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Land capability (nonirrigated): 6c vary in extent between delineations.
Ecosystem site number: R038XA102AZ
Typical Profile
Present native vegetation: tobosa, sideoats grama,
A—0 to 2 inches; very gravelly sandy loam muttongrass, western bottlebrush grass, broom
Bt—2 to 6 inches; very gravelly sandy clay loam snakeweed, globemallow, shrubby buckwheat,
2Bkqm—6 to 19 inches; indurated turbinella oak
3R—19 inches; unweathered bedrock Land capability (nonirrigated): 6c
24 Soil Survey
Typical Profile Land capability (nonirrigated): 6c
A—0 to 2 inches; very cobbly silty clay loam Typical Profile
C—2 to 35 inches; clay
A—0 to 2 inches; very cobbly silty clay loam
2Btkb—35 to 60 inches; very gravelly loam
C—2 to 35 inches; clay
2Btkb—35 to 60 inches; very gravelly loam
13—Bonita family-Gonzales complex, 10 Gonzales soils
to 35 percent slopes
Taxonomic Classification: Clayey, smectitic, thermic,
shallow Ustic Haplocambids
Map Unit Setting
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from volcanic rock
Landform: mesas Slope: 15 to 35 percent
Elevation: 3,800 to 5,800 feet (1,158 to 1,768 meters) Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock
Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 16 inches (305 to 406 (paralithic); 13 to 23 inches to bedrock (lithic)
millimeters) Drainage class: Well drained
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 61 degrees F. (15 Permeability: From 0.06 to 0.2 in/hr (slow)
to 16 degrees C.) Available water capacity total inches: 2.2
Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 63 degrees F. (17 Shrink-swell potential: About 7.5 LEP (high)
to 18 degrees C.) Flooding hazard: None
Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Runoff class: Very high
Hydrologic group: D
Map Unit Composition
Major Land Resource Area: 38; Mogollon Transition
Bonita family and similar soils: 60 percent Land Resource Unit: 38-1AZ; Mogollon Transition
Gonzales and similar soils: 30 percent Interior Chaparral, Grassland, and Pinyon-Juniper
Minor components: 10 percent Savannah
Ecological site name: Clayey Upland 12-16" p.z.
Properties and Qualities
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
vary in extent between delineations.
Bonita family soils
Ecosystem site number: R038XA117AZ
Taxonomic Classification: Fine, smectitic, thermic Present native vegetation: sideoats grama, desert
Typic Haplotorrerts ceanothus, birchleaf mountainmahogany, black
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from volcanic grama, blue grama, desert needlegrass, range
rock ratany, shrubby buckwheat, skunkbush sumac,
Slope: 10 to 15 percent sugar sumac
Drainage class: Well drained Land capability (nonirrigated): 6c
Permeability: From 0.06 to 0.2 in/hr (slow)
Typical Profile
Available water capacity total inches: 6.1
Shrink-swell potential: About 7.5 LEP (high) A—0 to 1 inches; very cobbly loam
Flooding hazard: None Bw—1 to 14 inches; clay
Runoff class: High 2Cr—14 to 17 inches; weathered bedrock
Hydrologic group: B 2R—17 inches; unweathered bedrock
Major Land Resource Area: 38; Mogollon Transition
Land Resource Unit: 38-1AZ; Mogollon Transition
Interior Chaparral, Grassland, and Pinyon-Juniper 14—Brazito family sand, 0 to 3 percent
Savannah slopes
Ecological site name: Clayey Upland 12-16" p.z.
Map Unit Setting
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
vary in extent between delineations. Landform: flood plains
Ecosystem site number: R038XA102AZ Elevation: 1,500 to 1,600 feet (457 to 488 meters)
Present native vegetation: tobosa, sideoats grama, Mean annual precipitation: 7 to 10 inches (178 to 254
muttongrass, western bottlebrush grass, broom millimeters)
snakeweed, globemallow, shrubby buckwheat, Mean annual air temperature: 64 to 70 degrees F. (18
turbinella oak to 21 degrees C.)
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 25
Mean annual soil temperature: 66 to 72 degrees F. (20 Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 66 degrees F. (17
to 23 degrees C.) to 20 degrees C.)
Frost-free period: 230 to 250 days Frost-free period: 200 to 230 days
Map Unit Composition Map Unit Composition
Brazito family and similar soils: 75 percent Bucklebar and similar soils: 80 percent
Minor components: 25 percent Minor components: 20 percent
Properties and Qualities Properties and Qualities
Brazito family soils Bucklebar soils
Taxonomic Classification: Mixed, thermic Typic Taxonomic Classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,
Torripsamments superactive, thermic Typic Haplargids
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock Parent Material: Alluvium and/or colluvium derived
sources from metamorphic rock
Slope: 0 to 3 percent Slope: 1 to 3 percent
Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained Drainage class: Well drained
Permeability: From 6.0 to 20 in/hr (rapid) Permeability: From 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate)
Available water capacity total inches: 4.2 Available water capacity total inches: 7.7
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low) Shrink-swell potential: About 4.5 LEP (moderate)
Flooding hazard: None Flooding hazard: None
Runoff class: Negligible Runoff class: Low
Hydrologic group: A Hydrologic group: B
Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and
Range Range
Land Resource Unit: 40-2AZ; Middle Sonoran Desert Land Resource Unit: 40-1AZ; Upper Sonoran
Ecological site name: Sandy Bottom 7-10" p.z. Desert
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and Ecological site name: Loamy Hills 10-13" p.z.
vary in extent between delineations. Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Ecosystem site number: R040XB216AZ vary in extent between delineations.
Present native vegetation: big galleta, bush muhly, Ecosystem site number: R040XA113AZ
Mexican bladder sage, shortleaf baccharis, blue Present native vegetation: black grama, big galleta,
palo verde, catclaw acacia, desert needlegrass, bush muhly, Arizona cottontop, Eastern Mojave
littleleaf palo verde, western honey mesquite, wild buckwheat, Joshua tree, banana yucca,
whitestem paperflower broom snakeweed, creosotebush, goldenhead,
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c plains bristlegrass, range ratany
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
Typical Profile
Typical Profile
A—0 to 7 inches; sand
C1—7 to 14 inches; very fine sand A—0 to 4 inches; sandy loam
C2—14 to 28 inches; fine sand Bt—4 to 37 inches; sandy clay loam
C3—28 to 60 inches; very fine sand C—37 to 60 inches; coarse sandy loam
15—Bucklebar sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent 16—Cacique family extremely gravelly
slopes loam, 1 to 7 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting Map Unit Setting
Landform: fan terraces Landform: fan terraces
Elevation: 3,000 to 3,300 feet (914 to 1,006 meters) Elevation: 1,800 to 2,400 feet (549 to 732 meters)
Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 12 inches (254 to 305 Mean annual precipitation: 7 to 10 inches (178 to 254
millimeters) millimeters)
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 64 degrees F. (15 Mean annual air temperature: 64 to 70 degrees F. (18
to 18 degrees C.) to 21 degrees C.)
26 Soil Survey
Mean annual soil temperature: 66 to 72 degrees F. (20 Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15
to 23 degrees C.) to 21 degrees C.)
Frost-free period: 230 to 250 days Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17
to 23 degrees C.)
Map Unit Composition
Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days
Cacique family and similar soils: 75 percent
Map Unit Composition
Minor components: 25 percent
Castaneda and similar soils: 75 percent
Properties and Qualities
Minor components: 25 percent
Cacique family soils Properties and Qualities
Taxonomic Classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,
Castaneda soils
superactive, thermic Argic Petrocalcids
Parent Material: Alluvium and/or colluvium derived Taxonomic Classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,
from metamorphic rock superactive, thermic Argic Petrocalcids
Slope: 1 to 7 percent Parent Material: Alluvium and/or colluvium derived
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to from metamorphic rock
petrocalcic Slope: 1 to 7 percent
Drainage class: Well drained Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to
Permeability: From 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate) petrocalcic
Available water capacity total inches: 4.7 Drainage class: Well drained
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low) Permeability: From 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate)
Flooding hazard: None Available water capacity total inches: 3.9
Runoff class: High Shrink-swell potential: About 4.5 LEP (moderate)
Hydrologic group: D Flooding hazard: None
Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and Runoff class: High
Range Hydrologic group: C
Land Resource Unit: 40-2AZ; Middle Sonoran Desert Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert
Ecological site name: Limy Upland 7-10" p.z. Land Resource Unit: 30-3AZ; Upper Mohave Desert
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and Ecological site name: Limy Upland 10-13" p.z.
vary in extent between delineations. Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Ecosystem site number: R040XB210AZ vary in extent between delineations.
Present native vegetation: creosotebush, bush muhly, Ecosystem site number: R030XC311AZ
littleleaf palo verde, big galleta, Anderson Present native vegetation: Eastern Mojave wild
wolfberry, Eastern Mojave wild buckwheat, black buckwheat, big galleta, bush muhly, goldenhead,
grama, sideoats grama, slim tridens range ratany, creosotebush, red brome
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
Typical Profile Typical Profile
A—0 to 1 inches; extremely gravelly loam A—0 to 1 inches; extremely gravelly loam
Bt—1 to 8 inches; gravelly sandy clay loam Bt—1 to 9 inches; gravelly clay loam
Btk—8 to 35 inches; gravelly clay loam Btk—9 to 17 inches; gravelly clay loam
2Bkm—35 to 60 inches; indurated Bk—17 to 32 inches; very gravelly loam
2Bkm—32 to 41 inches; indurated
3C—41 to 60 inches; extremely gravelly loamy
17—Castaneda extremely gravelly loam, 1 sand
to 7 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting 18—Castaneda extremely gravelly loam,
dry, 1 to 7 percent slopes
Landform: fan terraces
Elevation: 1,600 to 4,000 feet (488 to 1,219 meters)
Map Unit Setting
Mean annual precipitation: 9 to 12 inches (229 to 305
millimeters) Landform: fan terraces
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 27
Elevation: 1,600 to 4,000 feet (488 to 1,219 meters) 19—Carrizo family very gravelly loamy
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 9 inches (152 to 229 sand, 1 to 3 percent slopes
millimeters)
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15
Map Unit Setting
to 21 degrees C.)
Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17 Landform: flood plains and alluvial fans
to 23 degrees C.) Elevation: 500 to 1,800 feet (152 to 549 meters)
Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 7 inches (76 to 178
millimeters)
Map Unit Composition
Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F. (21
Castaneda and similar soils: 75 percent to 23 degrees C.)
Minor components: 25 percent Mean annual soil temperature: 72 to 76 degrees F. (23
to 25 degrees C.)
Properties and Qualities
Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days
Castaneda soils Map Unit Composition
Taxonomic Classification: Fine-loamy, mixed, Carrizo family and similar soils: 75 percent
superactive, thermic Argic Petrocalcids Minor components: 25 percent
Parent Material: Alluvium and/or colluvium derived
Properties and Qualities
from metamorphic rock
Slope: 1 to 7 percent
Carrizo family soils
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to
petrocalcic Taxonomic Classification: Sandy-skeletal, mixed,
Drainage class: Well drained hyperthermic Typic Torriorthents
Permeability: From 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate) Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Available water capacity total inches: 3.9 sources
Shrink-swell potential: About 4.5 LEP (moderate) Slope: 1 to 3 percent
Flooding hazard: None Drainage class: Excessively drained
Runoff class: High Permeability: Greater than 20 in/hr (very rapid)
Hydrologic group: C Available water capacity total inches: 2.1
Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Land Resource Unit: 30-2AZ; Middle Mohave Desert Flooding hazard: Frequent
Ecological site name: Limy Upland 6-10" p.z. Runoff class: Negligible
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and Hydrologic group: B
vary in extent between delineations. Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and
Ecosystem site number: R030XB214AZ Range
Present native vegetation: creosotebush, white Land Resource Unit: 40-4AZ; Lower Sonoran Desert
bursage, red brome, goldenhead, range ratany Ecological site name: Sandy Bottom 2-7" p.z.
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
vary in extent between delineations.
Typical Profile
Ecosystem site number: R040XD416AZ
A—0 to 1 inches; extremely gravelly loam Present native vegetation: ironwood, burrobush, big
Bt—1 to 9 inches; gravelly clay loam galleta, catclaw acacia, creosotebush, littleleaf
Btk—9 to 17 inches; gravelly clay loam palo verde, smoketree, white bursage, white ratany
Bk—17 to 32 inches; very gravelly loam Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
2Bkm—32 to 41 inches; indurated
Typical Profile
3C—41 to 60 inches; extremely gravelly loamy
sand A—0 to 1 inches; very gravelly loamy sand
28 Soil Survey
C1—1 to 9 inches; loamy sand C2—9 to 60 inches; very gravelly coarse sand
C2—9 to 60 inches; very gravelly coarse sand
Riverwash
Barren fluvial channels, usually coarse-textured,
20—Carrizo family-Riverwash complex, 1 exposed along narrow drainageways, subject to shifting
to 3 percent slopes during flood events.
Map Unit Setting
21—Carrizo-Riverwash complex, 3 to 8
Landform: flood plains and alluvial fans percent slopes
Elevation: 500 to 1,800 feet (152 to 549 meters)
Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 7 inches (76 to 178
Map Unit Setting
millimeters)
Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F. (21 Landform: flood plains
to 23 degrees C.) Elevation: 750 to 2,000 feet (229 to 610 meters)
Mean annual soil temperature: 72 to 76 degrees F. (23 Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 6 inches (76 to 152
to 25 degrees C.) millimeters)
Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F. (21
to 23 degrees C.)
Map Unit Composition
Mean annual soil temperature: 72 to 76 degrees F. (23
Carrizo family and similar soils: 65 percent to 24 degrees C.)
Riverwash: 20 percent Frost-free period: 280 to 320 days
Minor components: 15 percent
Map Unit Composition
Properties and Qualities
Carrizo and similar soils: 75 percent
Riverwash: 15 percent
Carrizo family soils
Minor components: 10 percent
Taxonomic Classification: Sandy-skeletal, mixed,
Properties and Qualities
hyperthermic Typic Torriorthents
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Carrizo soils
sources
Slope: 1 to 3 percent Taxonomic Classification: Sandy-skeletal, mixed,
Drainage class: Excessively drained hyperthermic Typic Torriorthents
Permeability: Greater than 20 in/hr (very rapid) Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Available water capacity total inches: 2.1 sources
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low) Slope: 3 to 8 percent
Flooding hazard: Frequent Surface fragments: About 70 percent gravel, about 5
Runoff class: Negligible percent cobbles, about 2 percent stones
Hydrologic group: B Drainage class: Excessively drained
Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and Permeability: From 6.0 to 20 in/hr (rapid)
Range Available water capacity total inches: 1.2
Land Resource Unit: 40-4AZ; Lower Sonoran Desert Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Ecological site name: Sandy Bottom 2-7" p.z. Flooding hazard: Occasional
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and Runoff class: Very low
vary in extent between delineations. Hydrologic group: A
Ecosystem site number: R040XD416AZ Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert
Present native vegetation: ironwood, burrobush, big Land Resource Unit: 30-1AZ; Lower Mohave Desert
galleta, catclaw acacia, creosotebush, littleleaf Ecological site name: Sandy Wash 3-6" p.z.
palo verde, smoketree, white bursage, white ratany Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c vary in extent between delineations.
Ecosystem site number: R030XA115AZ
Typical Profile
Present native vegetation: creosotebush, white
A—0 to 1 inches; very gravelly loamy sand bursage, white burrobrush
C1—1 to 9 inches; loamy sand Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 29
Typical Profile galleta, bush muhly, catclaw acacia, red brome,
sweetbush, white brittlebush
A—0 to 1 inches; extremely gravelly loamy sand
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
C1—1 to 23 inches; extremely gravelly loamy sand
C2—23 to 60 inches; extremely gravelly sand Typical Profile
Riverwash A—0 to 1 inches; very gravelly coarse sand
C—1 to 60 inches; extremely gravelly loamy
Barren fluvial channels, usually coarse-textured,
coarse sand
exposed along narrow drainageways, subject to shifting
during flood events. Riverwash
Barren fluvial channels, usually coarse-textured,
exposed along narrow drainageways, subject to shifting
22—Carrizo-Riverwash complex, 1 to 3 during flood events.
percent slopes
Map Unit Setting 23—Cave gravelly sandy loam, 10 to 35
percent slopes
Landform: flood plains and alluvial fans
Elevation: 500 to 2,000 feet (152 to 610 meters)
Map Unit Setting
Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 6 inches (76 to 152
millimeters) Landform: fan terraces
Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F. (21 Elevation: 1,900 to 4,000 feet (579 to 1,219 meters)
to 23 degrees C.) Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 12 inches (254 to 305
Mean annual soil temperature: 72 to 76 degrees F. (23 millimeters)
to 25 degrees C.) Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15
Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days to 21 degrees C.)
Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17
Map Unit Composition
to 23 degrees C.)
Carrizo and similar soils: 65 percent Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days
Riverwash: 20 percent
Map Unit Composition
Minor components: 15 percent
Cave and similar soils: 75 percent
Properties and Qualities
Minor components: 25 percent
Carrizo soils Properties and Qualities
Taxonomic Classification: Sandy-skeletal, mixed,
Cave soils
hyperthermic Typic Torriorthents
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock Taxonomic Classification: Loamy, mixed, superactive,
sources thermic, shallow Typic Petrocalcids
Slope: 1 to 3 percent Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Drainage class: Excessively drained sources
Permeability: From 6.0 to 20 in/hr (rapid) Slope: 10 to 35 percent
Available water capacity total inches: 1.2 Depth to restrictive feature: 4 to 20 inches to
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low) petrocalcic
Flooding hazard: Frequent Drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Negligible Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid)
Hydrologic group: B Available water capacity total inches: 0.5
Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Land Resource Unit: 30-1AZ; Lower Mohave Desert Flooding hazard: None
Ecological site name: Sandy Terrace 3-6" p.z. Runoff class: Very high
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and Hydrologic group: D
vary in extent between delineations. Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and
Ecosystem site number: R030XA112AZ Range
Present native vegetation: white burrobush, Land Resource Unit: 40-1AZ; Upper Sonoran Desert
creosotebush, smoketree, white bursage, big Ecological site name: Limy Upland 10-13" p.z.
30 Soil Survey
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and Land Resource Unit: 40-2AZ; Middle Sonoran Desert
vary in extent between delineations. Ecological site name: Limy Upland 7-10" p.z.
Ecosystem site number: R040XA111AZ Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Present native vegetation: black grama, bush muhly, vary in extent between delineations.
creosotebush, sideoats grama, big galleta, littleleaf Ecosystem site number: R040XB210AZ
palo verde, range ratany, shrubby buckwheat, slim Present native vegetation: creosotebush, bush muhly,
tridens, whitestem paperflower littleleaf palo verde, big galleta, black grama,
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c sideoats grama, slim tridens, white bursage, white
ratany
Typical Profile
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
A—0 to 1 inches; gravelly sandy loam
Typical Profile
Bw—1 to 7 inches; gravelly coarse sandy loam
2Bkm—7 to 28 inches; indurated A—0 to 1 inches; gravelly sandy loam
2C—28 to 60 inches; extremely gravelly loamy Bw—1 to 7 inches; gravelly coarse sandy loam
coarse sand 2Bkm—7 to 28 inches; indurated
2C—28 to 60 inches; extremely gravelly loamy
coarse sand
24—Cave gravelly sandy loam, dry, 10 to
35 percent slopes
25—Cellar-Rock outcrop complex, 20 to
Map Unit Setting 60 percent slopes
Landform: fan terraces
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 1,900 to 4,000 feet (579 to 1,219 meters)
Mean annual precipitation: 7 to 10 inches (178 to 254 Landform: hills and mountains
millimeters) Elevation: 1,800 to 3,700 feet (549 to 1,128 meters)
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15 Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 12 inches (254 to 305
to 21 degrees C.) millimeters)
Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17 Mean annual air temperature: 64 to 70 degrees F. (18
to 23 degrees C.) to 21 degrees C.)
Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days Mean annual soil temperature: 66 to 72 degrees F. (20
to 23 degrees C.)
Map Unit Composition
Frost-free period: 230 to 250 days
Cave and similar soils: 75 percent
Map Unit Composition
Minor components: 25 percent
Cellar and similar soils: 50 percent
Properties and Qualities
Rock outcrop: 25 percent
Minor components: 25 percent
Cave soils
Properties and Qualities
Taxonomic Classification: Loamy, mixed, superactive,
thermic, shallow Typic Petrocalcids
Cellar soils
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
sources Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,
Slope: 10 to 35 percent superactive, nonacid, thermic Lithic Torriorthents
Depth to restrictive feature: 4 to 20 inches to Parent Material: Alluvium and/or colluvium derived
petrocalcic from igneous and metamorphic rock
Drainage class: Well drained Slope: 20 to 60 percent
Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid) Depth to restrictive feature: 4 to 20 inches to bedrock
Available water capacity total inches: 0.5 (paralithic); 4 to 20 inches to bedrock (lithic)
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low) Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Flooding hazard: None Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid)
Runoff class: Very high Available water capacity total inches: 0.5
Hydrologic group: D Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and Flooding hazard: None
Range Runoff class: Very high
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 31
Hydrologic group: D Depth to restrictive feature: 4 to 20 inches to bedrock
Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and (paralithic); 4 to 20 inches to bedrock (lithic)
Range Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Land Resource Unit: 40-3AZ; Sonoran-Mohave Desert Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid)
Transition Available water capacity total inches: 0.5
Ecological site name: Granitic Hills 10-12" p.z. Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and Flooding hazard: None
vary in extent between delineations. Runoff class: Very high
Ecosystem site number: R040XC335AZ Hydrologic group: D
Present native vegetation: black grama, sideoats Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and
grama, desert needlegrass, Eastern Mojave wild Range
buckwheat, agave, big galleta, bush muhly, false Land Resource Unit: 40-3AZ; Sonoran-Mohave Desert
mesquite, ocotillo, shrubby buckwheat, tobosa Transition
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c Ecological site name: Granitic Hills 7-10" p.z.
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Typical Profile
vary in extent between delineations.
A—0 to 2 inches; very gravelly sandy loam Ecosystem site number: R040XC306AZ
Bw—2 to 10 inches; very gravelly sandy loam Present native vegetation: bush muhly, tobosa, desert
2Cr—10 to 13 inches; weathered bedrock needlegrass, Eastern Mojave wild buckwheat,
2R—13 inches; unweathered bedrock agave, big galleta, black grama, false mesquite,
ocotillo, shrubby buckwheat, sideoats grama, white
Rock outcrop
brittlebush
Exposures of bedrock, typically barren but may have Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
sparse vegetation growing in cracks and crevices or in
Typical Profile
thin layers of alluvium or colluvium.
A—0 to 2 inches; very gravelly sandy loam
Bw—2 to 10 inches; very gravelly sandy loam
26—Cellar-Rock outcrop complex, dry, 20 2Cr—10 to 13 inches; weathered bedrock
to 60 percent slopes 2R—13 inches; unweathered bedrock
Rock outcrop
Map Unit Setting
Exposures of bedrock, typically barren but may have
Landform: hills and mountains
sparse vegetation growing in cracks and crevices or in
Elevation: 1,800 to 3,700 feet (549 to 1,128 meters)
thin layers of alluvium or colluvium.
Mean annual precipitation: 7 to 10 inches (178 to 254
millimeters)
Mean annual air temperature: 64 to 70 degrees F. (18 27—Cellar-Topock-Rock outcrop
to 21 degrees C.) complex, 5 to 35 percent slopes
Mean annual soil temperature: 66 to 72 degrees F. (20
to 23 degrees C.)
Map Unit Setting
Frost-free period: 230 to 250 days
Landform: hills and mountains
Map Unit Composition
Elevation: 2,400 to 4,800 feet (732 to 1,463 meters)
Cellar and similar soils: 50 percent Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 12 inches (254 to 305
Rock outcrop: 25 percent millimeters)
Minor components: 25 percent Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 64 degrees F. (15
to 18 degrees C.)
Properties and Qualities
Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 66 degrees F. (17
to 19 degrees C.)
Cellar soils
Frost-free period: 200 to 230 days
Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,
Map Unit Composition
superactive, nonacid, thermic Lithic Torriorthents
Parent Material: Alluvium and/or colluvium derived Cellar and similar soils: 45 percent
from igneous and metamorphic rock Topock and similar soils: 30 percent
Slope: 20 to 60 percent Rock outcrop: 20 percent
32 Soil Survey
Minor components: 5 percent Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and
Range
Properties and Qualities
Land Resource Unit: 40-1AZ; Upper Sonoran Desert
Ecological site name: Shallow Hills 10-13" p.z.
Cellar soils
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, vary in extent between delineations.
superactive, nonacid, thermic Lithic Torriorthents Ecosystem site number: R040XA105AZ
Parent Material: Alluvium and/or colluvium derived Present native vegetation: black grama, sideoats
from igneous and metamorphic rock grama, desert needlegrass, California juniper,
Slope: 5 to 35 percent Eastern Mojave wild buckwheat, big galleta, broom
Depth to restrictive feature: 4 to 20 inches to bedrock snakeweed, range ratany, tobosa, turbinella oak,
(paralithic); 4 to 20 inches to bedrock (lithic) turpentine bush
Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid)
Typical Profile
Available water capacity total inches: 0.5
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low) A—0 to 2 inches; extremely gravelly sandy loam
Flooding hazard: None Bt1—2 to 5 inches; gravelly sandy clay
Runoff class: Very high Bt2—5 to 12 inches; sandy clay
Hydrologic group: D 2Cr—12 to 23 inches; weathered bedrock
Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and 2R—23 inches; unweathered bedrock
Range
Rock outcrop
Land Resource Unit: 40-3AZ; Sonoran-Mohave Desert
Transition Exposures of bedrock, typically barren but may have
Ecological site name: Granitic Hills 10-12" p.z. sparse vegetation growing in cracks and crevices or in
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and thin layers of alluvium or colluvium.
vary in extent between delineations.
Ecosystem site number: R040XC335AZ
Present native vegetation: black grama, sideoats 28—Cherioni very cobbly loam, 2 to 15
grama, desert needlegrass, Eastern Mojave wild percent slopes
buckwheat, agave, big galleta, bush muhly, false
mesquite, ocotillo, shrubby buckwheat, tobosa
Map Unit Setting
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
Landform: fan terraces
Typical Profile
Elevation: 1,600 to 2,900 feet (488 to 884 meters)
A—0 to 2 inches; very gravelly sandy loam Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 7 inches (76 to 178
Bw—2 to 10 inches; very gravelly sandy loam millimeters)
2Cr—10 to 13 inches; weathered bedrock Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F. (21
2R—13 to 13 inches; unweathered bedrock to 23 degrees C.)
Mean annual soil temperature: 72 to 76 degrees F. (23
Topock soils
to 25 degrees C.)
Taxonomic Classification: Clayey, mixed, superactive, Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days
thermic, shallow Typic Haplargids
Map Unit Composition
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from metamorphic
rock Cherioni and similar soils: 85 percent
Slope: 5 to 35 percent Minor components: 15 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock
Properties and Qualities
(paralithic); 20 to 40 inches to bedrock (lithic)
Drainage class: Well drained
Cherioni soils
Permeability: From 0.06 to 0.2 in/hr (slow)
Available water capacity total inches: 1.3 Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,
Shrink-swell potential: About 4.5 LEP (moderate) superactive, hyperthermic, shallow Typic
Flooding hazard: None Haplodurids
Runoff class: Very high Parent Material: Alluvium derived from volcanic rock
Hydrologic group: D Slope: 2 to 15 percent
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 33
Depth to restrictive feature: 5 to 20 inches to duripan; 7 Slope: 2 to 15 percent
to 20 inches to bedrock (lithic) Surface fragments: About 15 percent cobbles, about
Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained 75 percent gravel
Permeability: From 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate) Drainage class: Well drained
Available water capacity total inches: 0.8 Permeability: From 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate)
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low) Available water capacity total inches: 3.4
Flooding hazard: None Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Runoff class: Medium Flooding hazard: None
Hydrologic group: D Runoff class: Medium
Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and Hydrologic group: B
Range Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert
Land Resource Unit: 40-4AZ; Lower Sonoran Desert Land Resource Unit: 30-1AZ; Lower Mohave Desert
Ecological site name: Limy Upland 2-7" p.z. Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Typical Profile
vary in extent between delineations.
Ecosystem site number: R040XD409AZ E—0 to 1 inches; extremely gravelly silt loam
Present native vegetation: white bursage, Btz—1 to 5 inches; gravelly loam
creosotebush, white brittlebush, white ratany, big Btkz—5 to 20 inches; very gravelly loam
galleta, bush muhly, teddybear cholla Ck1—20 to 29 inches; extremely gravelly loamy
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c sand
Ck2—29 to 34 inches; very gravelly sandy loam
Typical Profile
Ck3—34 to 60 inches; very gravelly loamy sand
A—0 to 1 inches; very cobbly loam
Bw—1 to 8 inches; very gravelly clay loam Riverbend soils
Bkqm—8 to 10 inches; indurated
Taxonomic Classification: Sandy-skeletal, mixed,
2R—10 inches; unweathered bedrock
hyperthermic Typic Haplocalcids
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
29—Chuckawalla-Riverbend complex, 2 to sources
15 percent slopes Slope: 2 to 15 percent
Surface fragments: About 25 percent cobbles, about
30 percent gravel
Map Unit Setting
Drainage class: Excessively drained
Landform: fan terraces Permeability: From 6.0 to 20 in/hr (rapid)
Elevation: 550 to 2,300 feet (168 to 701 meters) Available water capacity total inches: 2.6
Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 6 inches (76 to 152 Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
millimeters) Flooding hazard: None
Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F. (21 Runoff class: Low
to 23 degrees C.) Hydrologic group: A
Mean annual soil temperature: 72 to 76 degrees F. (23 Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert
to 25 degrees C.) Land Resource Unit: 30-1AZ; Lower Mohave Desert
Frost-free period: 270 to 320 days Ecological site name: Limy Upland 3-6" p.z. Deep
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Map Unit Composition
vary in extent between delineations.
Chuckawalla and similar soils: 65 percent Ecosystem site number: R030XA109AZ
Riverbend and similar soils: 25 percent Present native vegetation: creosotebush, white
Minor components: 10 percent bursage
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
Properties and Qualities
Typical Profile
Chuckawalla soils
A—0 to 2 inches; very cobbly sandy loam
Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, Bw—2 to 7 inches; very gravelly sandy loam
superactive, hyperthermic Typic Calciargids Bk1—7 to 18 inches; very cobbly loamy sand
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock Bk2—18 to 34 inches; very gravelly loamy sand
sources Bk3—34 to 60 inches; very gravelly sand
34 Soil Survey
30—Chuckawalla-Riverbend families Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
complex, 2 to 15 percent slopes sources
Slope: 2 to 15 percent
Drainage class: Excessively drained
Map Unit Setting
Permeability: From 6.0 to 20 in/hr (rapid)
Landform: fan terraces Available water capacity total inches: 2.6
Elevation: 550 to 2,200 feet (168 to 671 meters) Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 7 inches (76 to 178 Flooding hazard: None
millimeters) Runoff class: Low
Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F. (21 Hydrologic group: B
to 23 degrees C.) Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and
Mean annual soil temperature: 72 to 76 degrees F. (23 Range
to 25 degrees C.) Land Resource Unit: 40-4AZ; Lower Sonoran Desert
Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days Ecological site name: Limy Upland 2-7" p.z. Deep
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Map Unit Composition
vary in extent between delineations.
Chuckawalla family and similar soils: 65 percent Ecosystem site number: R040XD410AZ
Riverbend family and similar soils: 25 percent Present native vegetation: creosotebush, white
Minor components: 10 percent bursage, white ratany, big galleta, littleleaf palo
verde, white brittlebush
Properties and Qualities
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
Chuckawalla family soils Typical Profile
Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, A—0 to 2 inches; very gravelly sandy loam
superactive, hyperthermic Typic Calciargids BA—2 to 11 inches; very gravelly sandy loam
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock Bk—11 to 60 inches; very gravelly loamy sand
sources
Slope: 2 to 15 percent
Drainage class: Well drained 31—Cipriano very stony loam, 2 to 10
Permeability: From 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate) percent slopes
Available water capacity total inches: 4.2
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Map Unit Setting
Flooding hazard: None
Runoff class: Medium Landform: fan terraces
Hydrologic group: B Elevation: 500 to 1,500 feet (152 to 457 meters)
Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 7 inches (76 to 178
Range millimeters)
Land Resource Unit: 40-4AZ; Lower Sonoran Desert Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F. (21
Ecological site name: Saline Upland 2-7" p.z. to 23 degrees C.)
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and Mean annual soil temperature: 72 to 76 degrees F. (23
vary in extent between delineations. to 25 degrees C.)
Ecosystem site number: R040XD414AZ Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
Map Unit Composition
Typical Profile
Cipriano and similar soils: 85 percent
A—0 to 1 inches; extremely gravelly silt loam Minor components: 15 percent
Btz—1 to 10 inches; very gravelly loam
Properties and Qualities
Btk—10 to 23 inches; very gravelly sandy clay
loam
Cipriano soils
2Bk—23 to 60 inches; very gravelly sandy loam
Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,
Riverbend family soils
superactive, hyperthermic, shallow Typic
Taxonomic Classification: Sandy-skeletal, mixed, Haplodurids
hyperthermic Typic Haplocalcids Parent Material: Alluvium derived from volcanic rock
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 35
Slope: 2 to 10 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 4 to 18 inches to duripan; 7
Surface fragments: About 2 percent stones to 20 inches to bedrock (lithic)
Depth to restrictive feature: 4 to 20 inches to duripan Drainage class: Well drained
Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained Permeability: From 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate)
Permeability: From 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate) Available water capacity total inches: 1.0
Available water capacity total inches: 0.9 Shrink-swell potential: About 4.5 LEP (moderate)
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low) Flooding hazard: None
Flooding hazard: None Runoff class: Very high
Runoff class: Very high Hydrologic group: D
Hydrologic group: D Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and
Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and Range
Range Land Resource Unit: 40-1AZ; Upper Sonoran Desert
Land Resource Unit: 40-4AZ; Lower Sonoran Desert Ecological site name: Limy Upland 10-13" p.z.
Ecological site name: Limy Upland 2-7" p.z. Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and vary in extent between delineations.
vary in extent between delineations. Ecosystem site number: R040XA111AZ
Ecosystem site number: R040XD409AZ Present native vegetation: bush muhly, black grama,
Present native vegetation: creosotebush, white creosotebush, sideoats grama, big galleta, littleleaf
bursage, red brome, white ratany, big galleta, bush palo verde, range ratany, shrubby buckwheat, slim
muhly, littleleaf palo verde, ocotillo tridens, whitestem paperflower
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
Typical Profile Typical Profile
A—0 to 1 inches; very stony loam A—0 to 1 inches; very stony loam
Bk—1 to 10 inches; very gravelly loam Bw—1 to 11 inches; very gravelly loam
2Bkqm—10 inches; indurated 2Bkqm—11 to 18 inches; indurated
3R—18 inches; unweathered bedrock
32—Cline very stony loam, 2 to 15 percent
slopes 33—Cline very stony loam, dry, 2 to 15
percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
Map Unit Setting
Landform: mesas
Elevation: 2,400 to 4,900 feet (732 to 1,494 meters) Landform: mesas
Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 12 inches (254 to 305 Elevation: 2,400 to 4,900 feet (732 to 1,494 meters)
millimeters) Mean annual precipitation: 7 to 10 inches (178 to 254
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15 millimeters)
to 21 degrees C.) Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15
Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17 to 21 degrees C.)
to 23 degrees C.) Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17
Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days to 23 degrees C.)
Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days
Map Unit Composition
Map Unit Composition
Cline and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components: 15 percent Cline and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
Properties and Qualities
Properties and Qualities
Cline soils
Cline soils
Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,
superactive, thermic, shallow Typic Haplodurids Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from volcanic rock superactive, thermic, shallow Typic Haplodurids
Slope: 2 to 15 percent Parent Material: Alluvium derived from volcanic rock
Surface fragments: About 2 percent stones Slope: 2 to 15 percent
36 Soil Survey
Surface fragments: About 2 percent stones Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Depth to restrictive feature: 4 to 18 inches to duripan; 7 sources
to 20 inches to bedrock (lithic) Slope: 2 to 10 percent
Drainage class: Well drained Drainage class: Well drained
Permeability: From 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate) Permeability: From 0.06 to 0.2 in/hr (slow)
Available water capacity total inches: 1.0 Available water capacity total inches: 8.5
Shrink-swell potential: About 4.5 LEP (moderate) Shrink-swell potential: About 7.5 LEP (high)
Flooding hazard: None Flooding hazard: None
Runoff class: Very high Runoff class: High
Hydrologic group: D Hydrologic group: C
Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and
Range Range
Land Resource Unit: 40-2AZ; Middle Sonoran Desert Land Resource Unit: 40-3AZ; Sonoran-Mohave Desert
Ecological site name: Limy Upland 7-10" p.z. Transition
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and Ecological site name: Clay Loam Upland 10-12" p.z.
vary in extent between delineations. Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Ecosystem site number: R040XB210AZ vary in extent between delineations.
Present native vegetation: creosotebush, bush muhly, Ecosystem site number: R040XC334AZ
littleleaf palo verde, Eastern Mojave wild Present native vegetation: Eastern Mojave wild
buckwheat, big galleta, Anderson wolfberry, black buckwheat, big galleta, black grama, littleleaf palo
grama, sideoats grama, slim tridens verde, tobosa, bush muhly, canotia, goldenhead,
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c ocotillo, range ratany, shrubby buckwheat,
sideoats grama, whitestem paperflower
Typical Profile
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
A—0 to 1 inches; very stony loam
Typical Profile
Bw—1 to 11 inches; very gravelly loam
2Bkqm—11 to 18 inches; indurated A—0 to 1 inches; very gravelly sandy loam
3R—18 inches; unweathered bedrock Bt1—1 to 19 inches; very gravelly sandy clay loam
Bt2—19 to 39 inches; clay
Bk—39 to 60 inches; clay loam
34—Continental-Tres Hermanos complex,
2 to 15 percent slopes Tres Hermanos soils
Taxonomic Classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,
Map Unit Setting
superactive, thermic Typic Calciargids
Landform: fan terraces Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Elevation: 2,200 to 3,700 feet (671 to 1,128 meters) sources
Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 12 inches (254 to 305 Slope: 2 to 15 percent
millimeters) Drainage class: Well drained
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15 Permeability: From 0.2 to 0.6 in/hr (moderately slow)
to 21 degrees C.) Available water capacity total inches: 6.1
Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17 Shrink-swell potential: About 4.5 LEP (moderate)
to 23 degrees C.) Flooding hazard: None
Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days Runoff class: Medium
Hydrologic group: C
Map Unit Composition
Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and
Continental and similar soils: 50 percent Range
Tres Hermanos and similar soils: 25 percent Land Resource Unit: 40-3AZ; Sonoran-Mohave Desert
Minor components: 25 percent Transition
Ecological site name: Loamy Upland 10-12" p.z. Limy
Properties and Qualities
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
vary in extent between delineations.
Continental soils
Ecosystem site number: R040XC337AZ
Taxonomic Classification: Fine, mixed, superactive, Present native vegetation: Indian ricegrass, big galleta,
thermic Vertic Calciargids black grama, bush muhly, range ratany, sideoats
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 37
grama, whitestem paperflower, Joshua tree, black grama, bush muhly, creosotebush,
goldenhead, plains blackfoot goldenhead, littleleaf palo verde, range ratany,
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c sideoats grama
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
Typical Profile
Typical Profile
A—0 to 2 inches; gravelly sandy loam
Btk—2 to 26 inches; gravelly sandy clay loam A—0 to 1 inches; very gravelly sandy loam
Bk—26 to 60 inches; gravelly sandy loam Bt1—1 to 19 inches; very gravelly sandy clay loam
Bt2—19 to 39 inches; clay
Bk—39 to 60 inches; clay loam
35—Continental-Tres Hermanos complex,
dry, 2 to 15 percent slopes Tres Hermanos soils
Taxonomic Classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,
Map Unit Setting superactive, thermic Typic Calciargids
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Landform: fan terraces
sources
Elevation: 1,600 to 3,000 feet (488 to 914 meters)
Slope: 2 to 15 percent
Mean annual precipitation: 7 to 10 inches (178 to 254
Drainage class: Well drained
millimeters)
Permeability: From 0.2 to 0.6 in/hr (moderately slow)
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15
Available water capacity total inches: 6.1
to 21 degrees C.)
Shrink-swell potential: About 4.5 LEP (moderate)
Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17
Flooding hazard: None
to 23 degrees C.)
Runoff class: Medium
Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days
Hydrologic group: C
Map Unit Composition Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and
Range
Continental and similar soils: 50 percent
Land Resource Unit: 40-3AZ; Sonoran-Mohave Desert
Tres Hermanos and similar soils: 25 percent
Transition
Minor components: 25 percent
Ecological site name: Limy Fan 7-10" p.z.
Properties and Qualities Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
vary in extent between delineations.
Continental soils Ecosystem site number: R040XC308AZ
Present native vegetation: creosotebush, big galleta,
Taxonomic Classification: Fine, mixed, superactive,
range ratany, white bursage, whitestem
thermic Vertic Calciargids
paperflower, Joshua tree, black grama, bush
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
muhly, goldenhead
sources
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
Slope: 2 to 15 percent
Drainage class: Well drained Typical Profile
Permeability: From 0.06 to 0.2 in/hr (slow)
A—0 to 2 inches; gravelly sandy loam
Available water capacity total inches: 8.5
Btk—2 to 26 inches; gravelly sandy clay loam
Shrink-swell potential: About 7.5 LEP (high)
Bk—26 to 60 inches; gravelly sandy loam
Flooding hazard: None
Runoff class: High
Hydrologic group: C 36—Continental-Rillino complex, 2 to 15
Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and percent slopes
Range
Land Resource Unit: 40-3AZ; Sonoran-Mohave Desert
Map Unit Setting
Transition
Ecological site name: Clay Loam Upland 7-10" p.z. Landform: fan terraces
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and Elevation: 2,100 to 3,400 feet (640 to 1,036 meters)
vary in extent between delineations. Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 12 inches (254 to 305
Ecosystem site number: R040XC305AZ millimeters)
Present native vegetation: big galleta, tobosa, Eastern Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15
Mojave wild buckwheat, Nevada Mormon tea, to 21 degrees C.)
38 Soil Survey
Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17 Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
to 23 degrees C.) Flooding hazard: None
Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days Runoff class: Medium
Hydrologic group: B
Map Unit Composition
Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and
Continental and similar soils: 50 percent Range
Rillino and similar soils: 35 percent Land Resource Unit: 40-3AZ; Sonoran-Mohave Desert
Minor components: 15 percent Transition
Ecological site name: Loamy Upland 10-12" p.z. Limy
Properties and Qualities
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
vary in extent between delineations.
Continental soils
Ecosystem site number: R040XC337AZ
Taxonomic Classification: Fine, mixed, superactive, Present native vegetation: Indian ricegrass, big galleta,
thermic Vertic Calciargids black grama, bush muhly, range ratany, sideoats
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock grama, whitestem paperflower, Joshua tree,
sources canotia, goldenhead, littleleaf palo verde, plains
Slope: 2 to 10 percent blackfoot
Drainage class: Well drained Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
Permeability: From 0.06 to 0.2 in/hr (slow)
Typical Profile
Available water capacity total inches: 8.5
Shrink-swell potential: About 7.5 LEP (high) A—0 to 2 inches; gravelly sandy loam
Flooding hazard: None Bw—2 to 8 inches; gravelly sandy clay loam
Runoff class: High Bk1—8 to 16 inches; gravelly sandy clay loam
Hydrologic group: C Bk2—16 to 27 inches; gravelly sandy loam
Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and Bk3—27 to 39 inches; gravelly loamy sand
Range Bk4—39 to 54 inches; gravelly loamy sand
Land Resource Unit: 40-3AZ; Sonoran-Mohave Desert Bk5—54 to 60 inches; gravelly loamy sand
Transition
Ecological site name: Clay Loam Upland 10-12" p.z.
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and 37—Continental-Rillino complex, dry, 2 to
vary in extent between delineations. 15 percent slopes
Ecosystem site number: R040XC334AZ
Present native vegetation: Eastern Mojave wild
Map Unit Setting
buckwheat, big galleta, black grama, littleleaf palo
verde, tobosa, bush muhly, canotia, goldenhead, Landform: fan terraces
ocotillo, range ratany, shrubby buckwheat, Elevation: 2,200 to 2,700 feet (671 to 823 meters)
sideoats grama, whitestem paperflower Mean annual precipitation: 7 to 10 inches (178 to 254
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c millimeters)
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15
Typical Profile
to 21 degrees C.)
A—0 to 1 inches; very gravelly sandy loam Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17
Bt1—1 to 19 inches; very gravelly sandy clay loam to 23 degrees C.)
Bt2—19 to 39 inches; clay Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days
Bk—39 to 60 inches; clay loam
Map Unit Composition
Rillino soils
Continental and similar soils: 50 percent
Taxonomic Classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed, Rillino and similar soils: 35 percent
superactive, thermic Typic Haplocalcids Minor components: 15 percent
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Properties and Qualities
sources
Slope: 5 to 15 percent
Continental soils
Drainage class: Well drained
Permeability: From 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate) Taxonomic Classification: Fine, mixed, superactive,
Available water capacity total inches: 5.5 thermic Vertic Calciargids
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 39
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock paperflower, Joshua tree, black grama, bush
sources muhly, goldenhead, littleleaf palo verde
Slope: 2 to 10 percent Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
Drainage class: Well drained
Typical Profile
Permeability: From 0.06 to 0.2 in/hr (slow)
Available water capacity total inches: 8.5 A—0 to 2 inches; gravelly sandy loam
Shrink-swell potential: About 7.5 LEP (high) Bw—2 to 16 inches; gravelly sandy clay loam
Flooding hazard: None Bk2—16 to 27 inches; gravelly sandy loam
Runoff class: High Bk—27 to 60 inches; gravelly loamy sand
Hydrologic group: C
Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and
Range 38—Coolidge-Denure complex, 1 to 7
Land Resource Unit: 40-3AZ; Sonoran-Mohave Desert percent slopes
Transition
Ecological site name: Clay Loam Upland 7-10" p.z.
Map Unit Setting
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
vary in extent between delineations. Landform: stream terraces and fan terraces
Ecosystem site number: R040XC305AZ Elevation: 600 to 1,200 feet (183 to 366 meters)
Present native vegetation: big galleta, tobosa, Eastern Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 7 inches (76 to 178
Mojave wild buckwheat, Nevada Mormon tea, millimeters)
black grama, bush muhly, creosotebush, Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F. (21
goldenhead, littleleaf palo verde, range ratany, to 23 degrees C.)
sideoats grama Mean annual soil temperature: 72 to 76 degrees F. (23
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c to 25 degrees C.)
Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days
Typical Profile
Map Unit Composition
A—0 to 1 inches; very gravelly sandy loam
Bt1—1 to 19 inches; very gravelly sandy clay loam Coolidge and similar soils: 40 percent
Bt2—19 to 39 inches; clay Denure and similar soils: 35 percent
Bk—39 to 60 inches; clay loam Minor components: 25 percent
Rillino soils Properties and Qualities
Taxonomic Classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,
Coolidge soils
superactive, thermic Typic Haplocalcids
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock Taxonomic Classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,
sources superactive, hyperthermic Typic Haplocalcids
Slope: 2 to 15 percent Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Drainage class: Well drained sources
Permeability: From 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate) Slope: 1 to 5 percent
Available water capacity total inches: 5.5 Drainage class: Well drained
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low) Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid)
Flooding hazard: None Available water capacity total inches: 6.3
Runoff class: Medium Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Hydrologic group: B Flooding hazard: None
Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and Runoff class: Very low
Range Hydrologic group: B
Land Resource Unit: 40-3AZ; Sonoran-Mohave Desert Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and
Transition Range
Ecological site name: Limy Fan 7-10" p.z. Land Resource Unit: 40-4AZ; Lower Sonoran Desert
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and Ecological site name: Sandy Loam Upland 2-7" p.z.
vary in extent between delineations. Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Ecosystem site number: R040XC308AZ vary in extent between delineations.
Present native vegetation: creosotebush, big galleta, Ecosystem site number: R040XD418AZ
range ratany, white bursage, whitestem Present native vegetation: creosotebush, white
40 Soil Survey
bursage, blond plantain, big galleta, littleleaf palo Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days
verde, white ratany
Map Unit Composition
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
Coolidge family and similar soils: 40 percent
Typical Profile
Denure family and similar soils: 35 percent
A—0 to 2 inches; gravelly sandy loam Minor components: 25 percent
Bk1—2 to 27 inches; sandy loam
Properties and Qualities
Bk2—27 to 46 inches; sandy loam
C—46 to 60 inches; gravelly sandy loam
Coolidge family soils
Denure soils
Taxonomic Classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,
Taxonomic Classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, hyperthermic Typic Haplocalcids
superactive, hyperthermic Typic Haplocambids Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock sources
sources Slope: 1 to 7 percent
Slope: 1 to 7 percent Drainage class: Well drained
Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid)
Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid) Available water capacity total inches: 4.7
Available water capacity total inches: 5.6 Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low) Flooding hazard: None
Flooding hazard: None Runoff class: Very low
Runoff class: Very low Hydrologic group: B
Hydrologic group: A Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert
Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and Land Resource Unit: 30-1AZ; Lower Mohave Desert
Range Ecological site name: Limy Fan 3-6" p.z.
Land Resource Unit: 40-4AZ; Lower Sonoran Desert Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Ecological site name: Sandy Loam Upland 2-7" p.z. vary in extent between delineations.
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and Ecosystem site number: R030XA105AZ
vary in extent between delineations. Present native vegetation: creosotebush, white
Ecosystem site number: R040XD418AZ bursage, white ratany, blond plantain, big galleta
Present native vegetation: creosotebush, white Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
bursage, blond plantain, big galleta, littleleaf palo
Typical Profile
verde, white ratany
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c A—0 to 2 inches; gravelly loam
Bk1—2 to 8 inches; gravelly sandy loam
Typical Profile
Bk2—8 to 29 inches; sandy loam
A—0 to 2 inches; loamy sand Bk3—29 to 41 inches; sandy loam
Bw1—2 to 7 inches; loamy sand 2Bk4—41 to 60 inches; gravelly sand
Bw2—7 to 18 inches; gravelly coarse sandy loam
BC—18 to 60 inches; coarse sandy loam Denure family soils
Taxonomic Classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,
39—Coolidge-Denure families complex, 1 superactive, hyperthermic Typic Haplocambids
to 7 percent slopes Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
sources
Slope: 1 to 7 percent
Map Unit Setting
Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Landform: stream terraces and fan terraces Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid)
Elevation: 500 to 1,200 feet (152 to 366 meters) Available water capacity total inches: 4.8
Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 6 inches (76 to 152 Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
millimeters) Flooding hazard: None
Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F. (21 Runoff class: Very low
to 23 degrees C.) Hydrologic group: B
Mean annual soil temperature: 72 to 76 degrees F. (23 Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert
to 25 degrees C.) Land Resource Unit: 30-1AZ; Lower Mohave Desert
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 41
Ecological site name: Limy Fan 3-6" p.z. Hydrologic group: D
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and Major Land Resource Area: 38; Mogollon Transition
vary in extent between delineations. Land Resource Unit: 38-1AZ; Mogollon Transition
Ecosystem site number: R030XA105AZ Interior Chaparral, Grassland, and Pinyon-Juniper
Present native vegetation: creosotebush, white Savannah
bursage, white ratany, blond plantain, big galleta Ecological site name: Clayey Upland 12-16" p.z.
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
vary in extent between delineations.
Typical Profile
Ecosystem site number: R038XA117AZ
A—0 to 1 inches; very gravelly loamy sand Present native vegetation: desert ceanothus, turbinella
AB—1 to 11 inches; loamy sand oak, birchleaf mountainmahogany, black grama,
Bk—11 to 60 inches; sandy loam sideoats grama, desert needlegrass, range ratany,
skunkbush sumac, sugar sumac, western
bottlebrush grass, yellow-leaf silktassel
40—Courthouse family-Rock outcrop- Land capability (nonirrigated): 6c
Rubble land complex, 40 to 70 percent
Typical Profile
slopes
A—0 to 2 inches; very cobbly loam
Map Unit Setting C—2 to 12 inches; extremely gravelly loam
2R—12 inches; unweathered bedrock
Landform: hills and mountains
Elevation: 3,800 to 5,200 feet (1,158 to 1,585 meters) Rock outcrop
Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 16 inches (305 to 406
Exposures of bedrock, typically barren but may have
millimeters)
sparse vegetation growing in cracks and crevices or in
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 61 degrees F. (15
thin layers of alluvium or colluvium.
to 16 degrees C.)
Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 63 degrees F. (17 Rubble land
to 18 degrees C.)
Consists of areas of cobbles, stones, and boulders.
Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days
Rubble land is commonly at the base of mountains,
Map Unit Composition mesas, and escarpments.
Courthouse family and similar soils: 45 percent
Rock outcrop: 20 percent 41—Courthouse family-Rock outcrop-
Rubble land: 20 percent Wagonbow complex, 15 to 70 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
slopes
Properties and Qualities
Map Unit Setting
Courthouse family soils
Landform: hills and mountains
Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, Elevation: 3,800 to 5,200 feet (1,158 to 1,585 meters)
superactive, calcareous, thermic Lithic Ustic Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 16 inches (305 to 406
Torriorthents millimeters)
Parent Material: Alluvium and/or colluvium derived Mean annual air temperature: 57 to 61 degrees F. (14
from volcanic rock to 16 degrees C.)
Slope: 40 to 70 percent Mean annual soil temperature: 59 to 63 degrees F. (15
Depth to restrictive feature: 4 to 20 inches to bedrock to 18 degrees C.)
(lithic) Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days
Drainage class: Well drained
Map Unit Composition
Permeability: From 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate)
Available water capacity total inches: 1.1 Courthouse family and similar soils: 40 percent
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low) Rock outcrop: 30 percent
Flooding hazard: None Wagonbow and similar soils: 20 percent
Runoff class: Very high Minor components: 10 percent
42 Soil Survey
Properties and Qualities Shrink-swell potential: About 7.5 LEP (high)
Flooding hazard: None
Courthouse family soils Runoff class: High
Hydrologic group: D
Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,
Major Land Resource Area: 38; Mogollon Transition
superactive, calcareous, thermic Lithic Ustic
Land Resource Unit: 38-1AZ; Mogollon Transition
Torriorthents
Interior Chaparral, Grassland, and Pinyon-Juniper
Parent Material: Alluvium and/or colluvium derived
Savannah
from volcanic rock
Ecological site name: Clay Loam Slopes 12-16" p.z.
Slope: 15 to 70 percent
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Depth to restrictive feature: 4 to 20 inches to bedrock
vary in extent between delineations.
(lithic)
Ecosystem site number: R038XA108AZ
Drainage class: Well drained
Present native vegetation: black grama, sideoats
Permeability: From 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate)
grama, desert ceanothus, desert needlegrass,
Available water capacity total inches: 1.1
turbinella oak, birchleaf mountainmahogany, false
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
mesquite, muttongrass, shrubby buckwheat,
Flooding hazard: None
western bottlebrush grass
Runoff class: Very high
Land capability (nonirrigated): 6c
Hydrologic group: D
Major Land Resource Area: 38; Mogollon Transition Typical Profile
Land Resource Unit: 38-1AZ; Mogollon Transition
A1—0 to 3 inches; very stony clay loam
Interior Chaparral, Grassland, and Pinyon-Juniper
A2—3 to 6 inches; cobbly clay loam
Savannah
Bw—6 to 50 inches; silty clay
Ecological site name: Clayey Upland 12-16" p.z.
C—50 to 60 inches; very gravelly clay loam
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
vary in extent between delineations.
Ecosystem site number: R038XA117AZ 42—Far-Rock outcrop complex, 10 to 45
Present native vegetation: desert ceanothus, turbinella percent slopes
oak, birchleaf mountainmahogany, black grama,
sideoats grama, desert needlegrass, range ratany,
Map Unit Setting
skunkbush sumac, sugar sumac, western
bottlebrush grass, yellow-leaf silktassel Landform: hills and mountains
Land capability (nonirrigated): 6c Elevation: 5,800 to 8,000 feet (1,768 to 2,438 meters)
Mean annual precipitation: 16 to 20 inches (406 to 508
Typical Profile
millimeters)
A—0 to 2 inches; extremely cobbly loam Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 57 degrees F. (9 to
C—2 to 12 inches; extremely gravelly loam 14 degrees C.)
2R—12 inches; unweathered bedrock Mean annual soil temperature: 50 to 59 degrees F. (11
to 16 degrees C.)
Rock outcrop
Frost-free period: 100 to 190 days
Exposures of bedrock, typically barren but may have
Map Unit Composition
sparse vegetation growing in cracks and crevices or in
thin layers of alluvium or colluvium. Far and similar soils: 70 percent
Rock outcrop: 20 percent
Wagonbow soils
Minor components: 10 percent
Taxonomic Classification: Fine, smectitic, thermic
Properties and Qualities
Ustertic Haplocambids
Parent Material: Alluvium and/or colluvium derived
Far soils
from volcanic rock
Slope: 15 to 25 percent Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,
Surface fragments: About 2 percent stones superactive, mesic Lithic Haplustolls
Drainage class: Well drained Parent Material: Mixed alluvium and colluvium
Permeability: From 0.06 to 0.2 in/hr (slow) dominated by granite
Available water capacity total inches: 7.1 Slope: 10 to 45 percent
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 43
Surface fragments: About 2 percent boulders Map Unit Composition
Depth to restrictive feature: 5 to 20 inches to bedrock
Dutchflat and similar soils: 80 percent
(lithic)
Minor components: 20 percent
Drainage class: Well drained
Permeability: From 0. 6 to 0.2 in/hr (moderate) Properties and Qualities
Available water capacity total inches: 0.8
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low) Dutchflat soils
Flooding hazard: None
Taxonomic Classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,
Runoff class: Very high
superactive, thermic Typic Haplargids
Hydrologic group: D
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from igneous and
Major Land Resource Area: 38; Mogollon Transition
metamorphic rock
Land Resource Unit: 38-2AZ; Mogollon Transition
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Interior Chaparral, Pinyon-Juniper Woodland, and
Drainage class: Well drained
Ponderosa Pine Savannah
Permeability: From 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate)
Ecological site name: Granitic Hills 16-20" p.z.
Available water capacity total inches: 7.7
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Shrink-swell potential: About 4.5 LEP (moderate)
vary in extent between delineations.
Flooding hazard: None
Ecosystem site number: R038XB204AZ
Runoff class: Low
Present native vegetation: black grama, sideoats
Hydrologic group: B
grama, birchleaf mountainmahogany, muttongrass,
Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert
Arizona fescue, Gambel oak, desert ceanothus,
Land Resource Unit: 30-2AZ; Middle Mohave Desert
false mesquite, pointleaf manzanita, ponderosa
Ecological site name: Sandy Loam Upland 6-10" p.z.
pine, shrubby buckwheat, single-leaf pinyon,
Fine
turbinella oak
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Land capability (nonirrigated): 6c
vary in extent between delineations.
Typical Profile Ecosystem site number: R030XB226AZ
Present native vegetation: big galleta, white
A1—0 to 5 inches; very bouldery loam
burrobrush
A2—5 to 9 inches; very gravelly loam
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
2R—9 inches; unweathered bedrock
Typical Profile
Rock outcrop
A—0 to 4 inches; sandy loam
Exposures of bedrock, typically barren but may have
Bt—4 to 37 inches; sandy clay loam
sparse vegetation growing in cracks and crevices or in
2C—37 to 60 inches; coarse sandy loam
thin layers of alluvium or colluvium.
43—Dutchflat sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent 44—Dutchflat fine sandy loam, dry, 1 to 3
slopes percent slopes
Map Unit Setting Map Unit Setting
Landform: fan terraces Landform: fan terraces
Elevation: 2,800 to 4,800 feet (854 to 1,463 meters) Elevation: 2,400 to 3,100 feet (732 to 945 meters)
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 9 inches (152 to 229 Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 9 inches (152 to 229
millimeters) millimeters)
Mean annual air temperature: 62 to 68 degrees F. (17 Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15
to 20 degrees C.) to 21 degrees C.)
Mean annual soil temperature: 64 to 70 degrees F. (19 Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17
to 22 degrees C.) to 23 degrees C.)
Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days
44 Soil Survey
Map Unit Composition Mean annual soil temperature: 72 to 76 degrees F. (23
to 25 degrees C.)
Dutchflat and similar soils: 80 percent
Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days
Minor components: 20 percent
Map Unit Composition
Properties and Qualities
Gadsden and similar soils: 80 percent
Dutchflat soils Minor components: 20 percent
Taxonomic Classification: Fine-loamy, mixed, Properties and Qualities
superactive, thermic Typic Haplargids
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from igneous rock Gadsden soils
and metamorphic rock
Taxonomic Classification: Fine, smectitic, calcareous,
Slope: 1 to 3 percent
hyperthermic Vertic Torrifluvents
Drainage class: Well drained
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Permeability: From 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate)
sources
Available water capacity total inches: 6.1
Slope: 0 to 1 percent
Shrink-swell potential: About 4.5 LEP (moderate)
Drainage class: Well drained
Flooding hazard: None
Permeability: From 0.06 to 0.2 in/hr (slow)
Runoff class: Low
Available water capacity total inches: 9.0
Hydrologic group: C
Shrink-swell potential: About 7.5 LEP (high)
Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert
Flooding hazard: None
Land Resource Unit: 30-2AZ; Middle Mohave Desert
Runoff class: Low
Ecological site name: Sandy Loam Upland 6-10" p.z.
Hydrologic group: D
Fine
Major Land Resource Area: 31; Lower Colorado Desert
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Land capability (irrigated): 3s
vary in extent between delineations.
Ecosystem site number: R030XB226AZ Typical Profile
Present native vegetation: creosotebush, white
Az—0 to 2 inches; silty clay
bursage, big galleta, Anderson wolfberry, buckhorn
Cz—2 to 56 inches; stratified silty clay to clay
cholla, bush muhly, goldenhead, range ratany, red
2C—56 to 60 inches; stratified very fine sandy
brome
loam to silt loam
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
Typical Profile
46—Gila-Glendale complex, 1 to 3 percent
A—0 to 2 inches; fine sandy loam slopes
Bt—2 to 28 inches; gravelly sandy clay loam
2Btk—28 to 41 inches; gravelly sandy clay loam
Map Unit Setting
2Bk—41 to 60 inches; very gravelly coarse sandy
loam Landform: flood plains and alluvial fans
Elevation: 2,400 to 2,600 feet (732 to 792 meters)
Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 12 inches (254 to 305
45—Gadsden silty clay, 0 to 1 percent millimeters)
slopes Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15
to 21 degrees C.)
Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17
Map Unit Setting
to 23 degrees C.)
Landform: flood plains (protected) Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days
Elevation: 400 to 500 feet (122 to 152 meters)
Map Unit Composition
Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 6 inches (76 to 152
millimeters) Gila and similar soils: 50 percent
Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F. (21 Glendale and similar soils: 30 percent
to 23 degrees C.) Minor components: 20 percent
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 45
Properties and Qualities Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and
Range
Gila soils Land Resource Unit: 40-3AZ; Sonoran-Mohave Desert
Transition
Taxonomic Classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,
Ecological site name: Loamy Bottom 10-12" p.z.
superactive, calcareous, thermic Typic
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Torrifluvents
vary in extent between delineations.
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Ecosystem site number: R040XC340AZ
sources
Present native vegetation: Arizona cottontop, bush
Slope: 1 to 3 percent
muhly, big galleta, tobosa, Nevada Mormon tea,
Drainage class: Well drained
arrowweed, catclaw acacia, western honey
Permeability: From 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate)
mesquite
Available water capacity total inches: 10.0
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
Shrink-swell potential: About 4.5 LEP (moderate)
Flooding hazard: Occasional Typical Profile
Runoff class: Low
Ap—0 to 10 inches; silty clay loam
Hydrologic group: B
C—10 to 37 inches; silty clay loam
Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and
C3—37 to 54 inches; silt loam
Range
C4—54 to 60 inches; coarse sand
Land Resource Unit: 40-3AZ; Sonoran-Mohave Desert
Transition
Ecological site name: Loamy Bottom 10-12" p.z. 47—Gila-Glendale complex, dry, 1 to 3
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and percent slopes
vary in extent between delineations.
Ecosystem site number: R040XC340AZ
Map Unit Setting
Present native vegetation: Arizona cottontop, bush
muhly, big galleta, tobosa, Nevada Mormon tea, Landform: flood plains and alluvial fans
arrowweed, catclaw acacia, western honey Elevation: 1,800 to 2,400 feet (549 to 732 meters)
mesquite Mean annual precipitation: 7 to 10 inches (178 to 254
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c millimeters)
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15
Typical Profile
to 21 degrees C.)
Az—0 to 4 inches; very fine sandy loam Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17
C1—4 to 12 inches; stratified silt loam to 23 degrees C.)
C2—12 to 21 inches; stratified very fine sandy Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days
loam
Map Unit Composition
C3—21 to 29 inches; stratified fine sand to loamy
fine sand Gila and similar soils: 50 percent
C4—29 to 60 inches; stratified fine sandy loam to Glendale and similar soils: 30 percent
silty clay loam Minor components: 20 percent
Glendale soils Properties and Qualities
Taxonomic Classification: Fine-silty, mixed,
Gila soils
superactive, calcareous, thermic Typic
Torrifluvents Taxonomic Classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock superactive, calcareous, thermic Typic
sources Torrifluvents
Slope: 1 to 3 percent Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Drainage class: Well drained sources
Permeability: From 0.2 to 0.6 in/hr (moderately slow) Slope: 1 to 3 percent
Available water capacity total inches: 10.4 Drainage class: Well drained
Shrink-swell potential: About 4.5 LEP (moderate) Permeability: From 0.06 to 0.2 in/hr (slow)
Flooding hazard: Occasional Available water capacity total inches: 10.0
Runoff class: Medium Shrink-swell potential: About 4.5 LEP (moderate)
Hydrologic group: C Flooding hazard: Occasional
46 Soil Survey
Runoff class: Low Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
Hydrologic group: B
Typical Profile
Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and
Range Ap—0 to 10 inches; silty clay loam
Land Resource Unit: 40-3AZ; Sonoran-Mohave Desert C1—10 to 21 inches; silty clay loam
Transition C2—21 to 37 inches; silty clay loam
Ecological site name: Loamy Bottom 7-10" p.z. C3—37 to 54 inches; silt loam
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and C4—54 to 60 inches; coarse sand
vary in extent between delineations.
Ecosystem site number: R040XC313AZ
Present native vegetation: big galleta, bush muhly, 48—Goldroad-Rock outcrop complex, 20
Arizona cottontop, Nevada Mormon tea, to 60 percent slopes
arrowweed, black grama, catclaw acacia, tobosa,
western bottlebrush grass, western honey
Map Unit Setting
mesquite
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c Landform: hills and mountains
Elevation: 1,400 to 3,000 feet (427 to 914 meters)
Typical Profile
Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 6 inches (76 to 152
Az—0 to 4 inches; very fine sandy loam millimeters)
C1—4 to 12 inches; stratified silt loam Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F. (21
C2—12 to 21 inches; stratified very fine sandy to 23 degrees C.)
loam Mean annual soil temperature: 72 to 76 degrees F. (23
C3—21 to 29 inches; stratified fine sand to loamy to 25 degrees C.)
fine sand Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days
C4—29 to 60 inches; stratified fine sandy loam to
Map Unit Composition
silty clay loam
Goldroad and similar soils: 60 percent
Glendale soils
Rock outcrop: 20 percent
Taxonomic Classification: Fine-silty, mixed, Minor components: 20 percent
superactive, calcareous, thermic Typic
Properties and Qualities
Torrifluvents
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Goldroad soils
sources
Slope: 1 to 3 percent Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,
Drainage class: Well drained superactive, calcareous, hyperthermic Lithic
Permeability: From 0.2 to 0.6 in/hr (moderately slow) Torriorthents
Available water capacity total inches: 10.4 Parent Material: Alluvium and colluvium derived from
Shrink-swell potential: About 4.5 LEP (moderate) igneous and metamorphic rock
Flooding hazard: Occasional Slope: 20 to 60 percent
Runoff class: Medium Depth to restrictive feature: 4 to 20 inches to bedrock
Hydrologic group: C (lithic)
Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Range Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid)
Land Resource Unit: 40-3AZ; Sonoran-Mohave Desert Available water capacity total inches: 0.7
Transition Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Ecological site name: Loamy Bottom 7-10" p.z. Flooding hazard: None
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and Runoff class: Very high
vary in extent between delineations. Hydrologic group: D
Ecosystem site number: R040XC313AZ Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert
Present native vegetation: big galleta, bush muhly, Land Resource Unit: 30-1AZ; Lower Mohave Desert
Arizona cottontop, Nevada Mormon tea, Ecological site name: Granitic Hills 3-6" p.z.
arrowweed, black grama, catclaw acacia, tobosa, Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
western bottlebrush grass, western honey vary in extent between delineations.
mesquite Ecosystem site number: R030XA104AZ
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 47
Present native vegetation: white brittlebush, Land Resource Unit: 38-1AZ; Mogollon Transition
creosotebush, white bursage, Nevada Mormon tea, Interior Chaparral, Grassland, and Pinyon-Juniper
big galleta, white ratany Savannah
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c Ecological site name: Clayey Upland 12-16" p.z.
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Typical Profile
vary in extent between delineations.
A—0 to 2 inches; extremely gravelly sandy loam Ecosystem site number: R038XA117AZ
Bw—2 to 13 inches; very gravelly sandy loam Present native vegetation: sideoats grama, black
2R—13 inches; unweathered bedrock grama, blue grama, bottlebrush squirreltail, desert
needlegrass
Rock outcrop
Land capability (nonirrigated): 6c
Exposures of bedrock, typically barren but may have
Typical Profile
sparse vegetation growing in cracks and crevices or in
thin layers of alluvium or colluvium. A—0 to 1 inches; very cobbly sandy clay loam
Bw1—1 to 7 inches; clay
Bw2—7 to 14 inches; clay
49—Gonzales-Rock outcrop complex, 15 2Cr—14 to 17 inches; weathered bedrock
to 35 percent slopes 2R—17 inches; unweathered bedrock
Rock outcrop
Map Unit Setting
Exposures of bedrock, typically barren but may have
Landform: hills and mountains
sparse vegetation growing in cracks and crevices or in
Elevation: 3,800 to 5,200 feet (1,158 to 1,585 meters)
thin layers of alluvium or colluvium.
Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 16 inches (305 to 406
millimeters)
Mean annual air temperature: 57 to 61 degrees F. (14 50—Goodsprings family gravelly sandy
to 16 degrees C.) loam, 1 to 15 percent slopes
Mean annual soil temperature: 59 to 63 degrees F. (16
to 18 degrees C.)
Map Unit Setting
Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days
Landform: fan terraces
Map Unit Composition
Elevation: 2,200 to 3,600 feet (793 to 1,097 meters)
Gonzales and similar soils: 60 percent Mean annual precipitation: 9 to 12 inches (229 to 305
Rock outcrop: 25 percent millimeters)
Minor components: 15 percent Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15
to 21 degrees C.)
Properties and Qualities
Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17
to 23 degrees C.)
Gonzales soils
Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days
Taxonomic Classification: Clayey, smectitic, thermic,
Map Unit Composition
shallow Ustic Haplocambids
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from volcanic rock Goodsprings family and similar soils: 75 percent
Slope: 15 to 35 percent Minor components: 25 percent
Surface fragments: About 25 percent cobbles, about
Properties and Qualities
20 percent gravel
Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock
Goodsprings family soils
(paralithic); 13 to 23 inches to bedrock (lithic)
Drainage class: Well drained Taxonomic Classification: Loamy, mixed, superactive,
Permeability: From 0.06 to 0.2 in/hr (slow) thermic, shallow Typic Petrocalcids
Available water capacity total inches: 2.2 Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Shrink-swell potential: About 7.5 LEP (high) sources
Flooding hazard: None Slope: 1 to 15 percent
Runoff class: Very high Depth to restrictive feature: 4 to 20 inches to
Hydrologic group: D petrocalcic
Major Land Resource Area: 38; Mogollon Transition Drainage class: Well drained
48 Soil Survey
Permeability: From 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate) Depth to restrictive feature: 4 to 20 inches to
Available water capacity total inches: 2.1 petrocalcic
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low) Drainage class: Well drained
Flooding hazard: None Permeability: From 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate)
Runoff class: Very high Available water capacity total inches: 2.1
Hydrologic group: D Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert Flooding hazard: None
Land Resource Unit: 30-3AZ; Upper Mohave Desert Runoff class: Very high
Ecological site name: Limy Upland 10-13" p.z. Hydrologic group: D
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert
vary in extent between delineations. Land Resource Unit: 30-2AZ; Middle Mohave Desert
Ecosystem site number: R030XC311AZ Ecological site name: Limy Upland 6-10" p.z.
Present native vegetation: white bursage, Schott Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
yucca, bush muhly, creosotebush, Mexican vary in extent between delineations.
bladder sage, Nevada Mormon tea, big galleta, Ecosystem site number: R030XB214AZ
broom snakeweed, goldenhead, ocotillo, red brome Present native vegetation: creosotebush, white
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c bursage, red brome, Mexican bladder sage,
Nevada Mormon tea, big galleta, goldenhead,
Typical Profile
ocotillo
A—0 to 2 inches; gravelly sandy loam Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
Bk—2 to 18 inches; gravelly loam
Typical Profile
2Bkm—18 to 39 inches; cemented
3C—39 to 60 inches; extremely gravelly loamy A—0 to 2 inches; gravelly sandy loam
coarse sand Bk—2 to 18 inches; gravelly loam
2Bkm—18 to 39 inches; cemented
3C—39 to 60 inches; extremely gravelly loamy
51—Goodsprings family gravelly sandy coarse sand
loam, dry, 1 to 15 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting 52—Goodsprings family gravelly sandy
loam, 10 to 35 percent slopes
Landform: fan terraces
Elevation: 1,450 to 3,000 feet (442 to 914 meters)
Map Unit Setting
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 9 inches (152 to 229
millimeters) Landform: fan terraces
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15 Elevation: 3,200 to 3,800 feet (975 to 1,158 meters)
to 21 degrees C.) Mean annual precipitation: 9 to 12 inches (229 to 305
Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17 millimeters)
to 23 degrees C.) Mean annual air temperature: 61 to 70 degrees F. (16
Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days to 21 degrees C.)
Mean annual soil temperature: 63 to 72 degrees F. (18
Map Unit Composition
to 23 degrees C.)
Goodsprings family and similar soils: 75 percent Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days
Minor components: 25 percent
Map Unit Composition
Properties and Qualities
Goodsprings family and similar soils: 75 percent
Minor components: 25 percent
Goodsprings family soils
Properties and Qualities
Taxonomic Classification: Loamy, mixed, superactive,
thermic, shallow Typic Petrocalcids
Goodsprings family soils
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
sources Taxonomic Classification: Loamy, mixed, superactive,
Slope: 1 to 15 percent thermic, shallow Typic Petrocalcids
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 49
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock Properties and Qualities
sources
Slope: 10 to 35 percent Goodsprings family soils
Depth to restrictive feature: 4 to 20 inches to
Taxonomic Classification: Loamy, mixed, superactive,
petrocalcic
thermic, shallow Typic Petrocalcids
Drainage class: Well drained
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Permeability: From 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate)
sources
Available water capacity total inches: 2.1
Slope: 10 to 35 percent
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Depth to restrictive feature: 4 to 20 inches to
Flooding hazard: None
petrocalcic
Runoff class: Very high
Drainage class: Well drained
Hydrologic group: D
Permeability: From 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate)
Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert
Available water capacity total inches: 2.1
Land Resource Unit: 30-3AZ; Upper Mohave Desert
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Ecological site name: Sandy Loam Hills 10-13" p.z.
Flooding hazard: None
Limy, Shallow
Runoff class: Very high
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Hydrologic group: D
vary in extent between delineations.
Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert
Ecosystem site number: R030XC327AZ
Land Resource Unit: 30-2AZ; Middle Mohave Desert
Present native vegetation: Mexican bladder sage, big
Ecological site name: Limy Upland 6-10" p.z.
galleta, rayless goldenhead
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
vary in extent between delineations.
Typical Profile Ecosystem site number: R030XB214AZ
Present native vegetation: creosotebush, white
A—0 to 2 inches; gravelly sandy loam
bursage, red brome, Mexican bladder sage,
Bk—2 to 18 inches; gravelly loam
Nevada Mormon tea, big galleta, goldenhead,
2Bkm—18 to 39 inches; cemented
ocotillo
3C—39 to 60 inches; extremely gravelly loamy
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
coarse sand
Typical Profile
53—Goodsprings family gravelly sandy A—0 to 2 inches; gravelly sandy loam
loam, dry, 10 to 35 percent slopes Bk—2 to 18 inches; gravelly loam
2Bkm—18 to 39 inches; cemented
3C—39 to 60 inches; extremely gravelly loamy
Map Unit Setting
coarse sand
Landform: fan terraces
Elevation: 1,990 to 2,020 feet (607 to 616 meters)
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 9 inches (152 to 229 54—Graham-Arivaca complex, 2 to 15
millimeters) percent slopes
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15
to 21 degrees C.)
Map Unit Setting
Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17
to 23 degrees C.) Landform: hills and mountains
Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days Elevation: 4,000 to 5,500 feet (1,219 to 1,676 meters)
Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 16 inches (305 to 406
Map Unit Composition
millimeters)
Goodsprings family and similar soils: 75 percent Mean annual air temperature: 57 to 61 degrees F. (14
Minor components: 25 percent to 16 degrees C.)
50 Soil Survey
Mean annual soil temperature: 59 to 63 degrees F. (16 Surface fragments: About 25 percent cobbles, about
to 18 degrees C.) 20 percent gravel, about 5 percent stones
Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock
(lithic)
Map Unit Composition
Drainage class: Well drained
Graham and similar soils: 60 percent Permeability: From 0.06 to 0.2 in/hr (slow)
Arivaca and similar soils: 25 percent Available water capacity total inches: 3.8
Minor components: 15 percent Shrink-swell potential: About 7.5 LEP (high)
Flooding hazard: None
Properties and Qualities
Runoff class: High
Hydrologic group: D
Graham soils
Major Land Resource Area: 38; Mogollon Transition
Taxonomic Classification: Clayey, smectitic, thermic Land Resource Unit: 38-1AZ; Mogollon Transition
Lithic Ustic Haplargids Interior Chaparral, Grassland, and Pinyon-Juniper
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from igneous rock Savannah
Slope: 2 to 15 percent Ecological site name: Clay Loam Upland 12-16" p.z.
Surface fragments: About 10 percent stones, about 25 Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
percent gravel, about 25 percent cobbles vary in extent between delineations.
Depth to restrictive feature: 8 to 20 inches to bedrock Ecosystem site number: R038XA103AZ
(lithic) Present native vegetation: sideoats grama, black
Drainage class: Well drained grama, blue grama, bottlebrush squirreltail,
Permeability: From 0.06 to 0.2 in/hr (slow) muttongrass
Available water capacity total inches: 2.2 Land capability (nonirrigated): 6c
Shrink-swell potential: About 7.5 LEP (high)
Typical Profile
Flooding hazard: None
Runoff class: Very high A—0 to 2 inches; very cobbly silty clay loam
Hydrologic group: D BA—2 to 6 inches; cobbly silty clay
Major Land Resource Area: 38; Mogollon Transition 2Bt1—6 to 17 inches; clay
Land Resource Unit: 38-1AZ; Mogollon Transition 2Bt2—17 to 30 inches; clay
Interior Chaparral, Grassland, and Pinyon-Juniper 3Bk—30 to 36 inches; clay loam
Savannah 4R—36 inches; unweathered bedrock
Ecological site name: Shallow Loamy 12-16" p.z.
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
vary in extent between delineations. 55—Graham-Rock outcrop complex, 10 to
Ecosystem site number: R038XA115AZ 40 percent slopes
Present native vegetation: Stansbury cliffrose, broom
snakeweed, Aristida, Utah juniper, Opuntia, black Map Unit Setting
grama, blue grama
Landform: hills and mountains
Land capability (nonirrigated): 6c
Elevation: 4,000 to 5,500 feet (1,219 to 1,676 meters)
Typical Profile Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 16 inches (305 to 406
millimeters)
A—0 to 2 inches; very cobbly loam
Mean annual air temperature: 57 to 61 degrees F. (14
Bt1—2 to 7 inches; clay loam
to 16 degrees C.)
Bt2—7 to 14 inches; clay
Mean annual soil temperature: 59 to 63 degrees F. (16
2R—14 inches; unweathered bedrock
to 18 degrees C.)
Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days
Arivaca soils
Map Unit Composition
Taxonomic Classification: Fine, smectitic, thermic
Ustic Haplargids Graham and similar soils: 60 percent
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from volcanic rock Rock outcrop: 20 percent
Slope: 2 to 15 percent Minor components: 20 percent
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 51
Properties and Qualities Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F. (21
to 23 degrees C.)
Graham soils Mean annual soil temperature: 72 to 76 degrees F. (23
to 25 degrees C.)
Taxonomic Classification: Clayey, smectitic, thermic
Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days
Lithic Ustic Haplargids
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from igneous rock Map Unit Composition
Slope: 10 to 40 percent
Gunsight and similar soils: 75 percent
Surface fragments: About 25 percent gravel, about 25
Minor components: 25 percent
percent cobbles, about 10 percent stones
Depth to restrictive feature: 8 to 20 inches to bedrock Properties and Qualities
(lithic)
Drainage class: Well drained Gunsight soils
Permeability: From 0.06 to 0.2 in/hr (slow)
Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,
Available water capacity total inches: 2.2
superactive, hyperthermic Typic Haplocalcids
Shrink-swell potential: About 7.5 LEP (high)
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Flooding hazard: None
sources
Runoff class: Very high
Slope: 2 to 15 percent
Hydrologic group: D
Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Major Land Resource Area: 38; Mogollon Transition
Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid)
Land Resource Unit: 38-1AZ; Mogollon Transition
Available water capacity total inches: 6.1
Interior Chaparral, Grassland, and Pinyon-Juniper
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Savannah
Flooding hazard: None
Ecological site name: Clayey Upland 12-16" p.z.
Runoff class: Low
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Hydrologic group: B
vary in extent between delineations.
Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and
Ecosystem site number: R038XA117AZ
Range
Present native vegetation: sideoats grama, black
Land Resource Unit: 40-4AZ; Lower Sonoran Desert
grama, blue grama, bottlebrush squirreltail, desert
Ecological site name: Limy Upland 2-7" p.z. Deep
needlegrass
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Land capability (nonirrigated): 6c
vary in extent between delineations.
Typical Profile Ecosystem site number: R040XD410AZ
Present native vegetation: creosotebush, white
A—0 to 2 inches; very cobbly loam
bursage, red brome, white ratany, big galleta, bush
Bt1—2 to 7 inches; clay loam
muhly, white brittlebush
Bt2—7 to 14 inches; clay
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
2R—14 inches; unweathered bedrock
Typical Profile
Rock outcrop
A—0 to 3 inches; very gravelly loam
Exposures of bedrock, typically barren but may have
Bw—3 to 6 inches; very gravelly sandy loam
sparse vegetation growing in cracks and crevices or in
Bk1—6 to 28 inches; extremely gravelly sandy
thin layers of alluvium or colluvium.
loam
Bk2—28 to 50 inches; extremely gravelly coarse
sandy loam
56—Gunsight very gravelly loam, 2 to 15 C—50 to 60 inches; extremely gravelly loamy sand
percent slopes
Map Unit Setting 57—Gunsight very gravelly sandy loam,
10 to 40 percent slopes
Landform: fan terraces
Elevation: 460 to 2,600 feet (140 to 792 meters)
Map Unit Setting
Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 7 inches (76 to 178
millimeters) Landform: fan terraces
52 Soil Survey
Elevation: 460 to 2,400 feet (140 to 732 meters) 58—Hassell family-Lampshire-Rock
Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 7 inches (76 to 178 outcrop complex, 10 to 30 percent
millimeters)
Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F. (21
slopes
to 23 degrees C.)
Map Unit Setting
Mean annual soil temperature: 72 to 76 degrees F. (23
to 25 degrees C.) Landform: hills and mountains
Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days Elevation: 3,800 to 7,200 feet (1,158 to 2,195 meters)
Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 16 inches (305 to 406
Map Unit Composition
millimeters)
Gunsight and similar soils: 85 percent Mean annual air temperature: 58 to 60 degrees F. (14
Minor components: 15 percent to 16 degrees C.)
Mean annual soil temperature: 60 to 62 degrees F. (16
Properties and Qualities
to 18 degrees C.)
Frost-free period: 170 to 190 days
Gunsight soils
Map Unit Composition
Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,
superactive, hyperthermic Typic Haplocalcids Hassell family and similar soils: 50 percent
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock Lampshire and similar soils: 25 percent
sources Rock outcrop: 20 percent
Slope: 10 to 40 percent Minor components: 5 percent
Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Properties and Qualities
Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid)
Available water capacity total inches: 6.0
Hassell family soils
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Flooding hazard: None Taxonomic Classification: Fine, smectitic, thermic
Runoff class: Medium Ustertic Haplargids
Hydrologic group: B Parent Material: Alluvium derived from granite
Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and Slope: 10 to 30 percent
Range Surface fragments: About 10 percent gravel, about 2
Land Resource Unit: 40-4AZ; Lower Sonoran Desert percent cobbles
Ecological site name: Limy Slopes 2-7" p.z. Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and (paralithic)
vary in extent between delineations. Drainage class: Well drained
Ecosystem site number: R040XD408AZ Permeability: From 0.06 to 0.2 in/hr (slow)
Present native vegetation: creosotebush, red brome, Available water capacity total inches: 4.4
big galleta, bush muhly, white brittlebush, white Shrink-swell potential: About 4.5 LEP (moderate)
bursage, white ratany Flooding hazard: None
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c Runoff class: Very high
Hydrologic group: C
Typical Profile
Major Land Resource Area: 38; Mogollon Transition
A—0 to 3 inches; very gravelly sandy loam Land Resource Unit: 38-1AZ; Mogollon Transition
Bw—3 to 6 inches; very gravelly sandy loam Interior Chaparral, Grassland, and Pinyon-Juniper
Bk1—6 to 28 inches; extremely gravelly sandy Savannah
loam Ecological site name: Granitic/Schist Hills 10-13" p.z.
Bk2—28 to 50 inches; extremely gravelly coarse Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
sandy loam vary in extent between delineations.
C—50 to 60 inches; extremely gravelly loamy sand Ecosystem site number: R030XC355AZ
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 53
Present native vegetation: desert ceanothus, turbinella 59—Holtville silty clay, 0 to 1 percent
oak, Colorado pinyon, Opuntia, banana yucca, slopes
singleleaf pinyon, desert needlegrass
Land capability (nonirrigated): 6c
Map Unit Setting
Typical Profile
Landform: flood plains (protected)
A—0 to 4 inches; loam Elevation: 500 to 700 feet (152 to 213 meters)
Bt1—4 to 13 inches; clay Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 6 inches (76 to 152
Bt2—13 to 24 inches; clay millimeters)
Bt3—24 to 33 inches; gravelly clay loam Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F. (21
2Cr—33 to 47 inches; weathered bedrock to 23 degrees C.)
2R—47 inches; unweathered bedrock Mean annual soil temperature: 72 to 76 degrees F. (23
to 25 degrees C.)
Lampshire soils
Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days
Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,
Map Unit Composition
superactive, nonacid, thermic Lithic Ustic
Torriorthents Holtville and similar soils: 75 percent
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from granite Minor components: 25 percent
Slope: 20 to 30 percent
Properties and Qualities
Surface fragments: About 50 percent gravel, about 2
percent cobbles
Holtville soils
Depth to restrictive feature: 4 to 20 inches to
bedrock (lithic); 4 to 20 inches to bedrock Taxonomic Classification: Clayey over loamy,
(paralithic) smectitic over mixed, calcareous, hyperthermic
Drainage class: Well drained Typic Torrifluvents
Permeability: From 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate) Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Available water capacity total inches: 0.4 sources
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low) Slope: 0 to 1 percent
Flooding hazard: None Drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Very high Permeability: From 0.06 to 0.2 in/hr (slow)
Hydrologic group: D Available water capacity total inches: 7.6
Major Land Resource Area: 38; Mogollon Transition Shrink-swell potential: About 7.5 LEP (high)
Land Resource Unit: 38-1AZ; Mogollon Transition Flooding hazard: None
Interior Chaparral, Grassland, and Pinyon-Juniper Runoff class: Low
Savannah Hydrologic group: D
Ecological site name: Granitic/Schist Hills 10-13" p.z. Major Land Resource Area: 31; Lower Colorado Desert
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and Land capability (irrigated): 3s
vary in extent between delineations.
Typical Profile
Ecosystem site number: R030XC355AZ
Present native vegetation: desert ceanothus, turbinella Az—0 to 2 inches; silty clay
oak, Colorado pinyon, Opuntia, banana yucca, Cz1—2 to 23 inches; clay
singleleaf pinyon, desert needlegrass Cz2—23 to 31 inches; silty clay
Land capability (nonirrigated): 6c 2Cz3—31 to 42 inches; very fine sandy loam
2Cz4—42 to 60 inches; fine sand
Typical Profile
A—0 to 1 inches; very gravelly loam
Bw—1 to 6 inches; very gravelly sandy loam 60—Huevi very gravelly loam, 2 to 15
2Cr—6 to 9 inches; weathered bedrock percent slopes
2R—9 inches; unweathered bedrock
Map Unit Setting
Rock outcrop
Landform: fan terraces
Exposures of bedrock, typically barren but may have Elevation: 600 to 3,000 feet (183 to 914 meters)
sparse vegetation growing in cracks and crevices or in Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 6 inches (76 to 152
thin layers of alluvium or colluvium. millimeters)
54 Soil Survey
Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F. (21 Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F. (21
to 23 degrees C.) to 23 degrees C.)
Mean annual soil temperature: 72 to 76 degrees F. (23 Mean annual soil temperature: 72 to 76 degrees F. (23
to 25 degrees C.) to 25 degrees C.)
Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days
Map Unit Composition Map Unit Composition
Huevi and similar soils: 75 percent Huevi and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components: 25 percent Minor components: 15 percent
Properties and Qualities Properties and Qualities
Huevi soils Huevi soils
Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,
superactive, hyperthermic Durinodic Haplocalcids superactive, hyperthermic Durinodic Haplocalcids
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
sources sources
Slope: 2 to 15 percent Slope: 10 to 40 percent
Drainage class: Well drained Surface fragments: About 65 percent gravel
Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid) Drainage class: Well drained
Available water capacity total inches: 3.0 Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid)
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low) Available water capacity total inches: 3.0
Flooding hazard: None Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Runoff class: Low Flooding hazard: None
Hydrologic group: B Runoff class: Medium
Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert Hydrologic group: B
Land Resource Unit: 30-1AZ; Lower Mohave Desert Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert
Ecological site name: Limy Slopes 3-6" p.z. Land Resource Unit: 30-1AZ; Lower Mohave Desert
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and Ecological site name: Limy Slopes 3-6" p.z.
vary in extent between delineations. Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Ecosystem site number: R030XA107AZ vary in extent between delineations.
Present native vegetation: creosotebush, white Ecosystem site number: R030XA107AZ
bursage, red brome, white brittlebush, white Present native vegetation: creosotebush, white
ratany bursage
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
Typical Profile Typical Profile
A—0 to 2 inches; very gravelly loam A—0 to 2 inches; very gravelly loam
Bw—2 to 9 inches; very gravelly sandy loam Bw—2 to 9 inches; very gravelly sandy loam
Bkq—9 to 27 inches; very gravelly sandy loam Bkq—9 to 27 inches; very gravelly sandy loam
Bk—27 to 40 inches; extremely gravelly sandy Bk—27 to 40 inches; extremely gravelly sandy
loam loam
2C—40 to 60 inches; very gravelly loamy sand 2C—40 to 60 inches; very gravelly loamy sand
61—Huevi very gravelly loam, 10 to 40 62—Akela-Rock outcrop complex, 20 to
percent slopes 60 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting Map Unit Setting
Landform: fan terraces Landform: hills and mountains
Elevation: 600 to 2,400 feet (183 to 732 meters) Elevation: 1,400 to 2,200 feet (427 to 671 meters)
Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 6 inches (76 to 152 Mean annual precipitation: 7 to 10 inches (178 to 254
millimeters) millimeters)
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 55
Mean annual air temperature: 64 to 70 degrees F. (18 63—Hyder-Rock outcrop-Rubble land
to 21 degrees C.) complex, 40 to 70 percent slopes
Mean annual soil temperature: 66 to 72 degrees F. (20
to 23 degrees C.)
Map Unit Setting
Frost-free period: 230 to 250 days
Landform: hills and mountains
Map Unit Composition
Elevation: 1,750 to 3,200 feet (533 to 975 meters)
Akela and similar soils: 60 percent Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 7 inches (76 to 178
Rock outcrop: 20 percent millimeters)
Minor components: 20 percent Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F. (21
to 23 degrees C.)
Properties and Qualities
Mean annual soil temperature: 72 to 76 degrees F. (23
to 25 degrees C.)
Akela soils
Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days
Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,
Map Unit Composition
superactive, calcareous, thermic Lithic
Torriorthents Hyder and similar soils: 50 percent
Parent Material: Alluvium and/or colluvium derived Rock outcrop: 20 percent
from volcanic rock Rubble land: 20 percent
Slope: 20 to 60 percent Minor components: 10 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 4 to 20 inches to bedrock
Properties and Qualities
(lithic)
Drainage class: Well drained
Hyder soils
Permeability: From 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate)
Available water capacity total inches: 0.7 Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low) superactive, calcareous, hyperthermic Lithic
Flooding hazard: None Torriorthents
Runoff class: Very high Parent Material: Alluvium and/or colluvium derived
Hydrologic group: D from volcanic rock
Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and Slope: 40 to 70 percent
Range Surface fragments: About 9 percent stones
Land Resource Unit: 40-3AZ; Sonoran-Mohave Desert Depth to restrictive feature: 4 to 20 inches to bedrock
Transition (lithic)
Ecological site name: Granitic Hills 7-10" p.z. Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and Permeability: From 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate)
vary in extent between delineations. Available water capacity total inches: 0.4
Ecosystem site number: R040XC306AZ Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Present native vegetation: tobosa, bush muhly, Flooding hazard: None
Eastern Mojave wild buckwheat, desert Runoff class: Very high
needlegrass, littleleaf palo verde, shrubby Hydrologic group: D
buckwheat, slim tridens Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c Range
Land Resource Unit: 40-4AZ; Lower Sonoran Desert
Typical Profile
Ecological site name: Basalt Hills 2-7" p.z.
A—0 to 1 inches; very gravelly sandy loam Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
C—1 to 12 inches; very gravelly sandy loam vary in extent between delineations.
2R—12 inches; unweathered bedrock Ecosystem site number: R040XD401AZ
Present native vegetation: Nevada Mormon tea, big
Rock outcrop
galleta, littleleaf palo verde, shrubby buckwheat,
Exposures of bedrock, typically barren but may have bush muhly, creosotebush, desert globemallow,
sparse vegetation growing in cracks and crevices or in white brittlebush, white bursage, white ratany
thin layers of alluvium or colluvium. Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
56 Soil Survey
Typical Profile Typical Profile
A—0 to 2 inches; extremely stony loam A—0 to 8 inches; silt loam
Bw—2 to 7 inches; extremely cobbly loam Cz1—8 to 46 inches; silt loam
2R—7 inches; unweathered bedrock Cz2—46 to 58 inches; clay
2C—58 to 60 inches; sand
Rock outcrop
Exposures of bedrock, typically barren but may have
sparse vegetation growing in cracks and crevices or in 65—Ireteba family-Arizo complex, 1 to 3
thin layers of alluvium or colluvium. percent slopes
Rubble land
Map Unit Setting
Consists of areas of cobbles, stones, and boulders.
Landform: stream terraces and flood plains
Rubble land is commonly at the base of mountains,
Elevation: 2,800 to 4,600 feet (854 to 1,402 meters)
mesas, and escarpments.
Mean annual precipitation: 9 to 12 inches (229 to 305
millimeters)
64—Indio silt loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes Mean annual air temperature: 57 to 64 degrees F. (14
to 18 degrees C.)
Mean annual soil temperature: 59 to 66 degrees F. (16
Map Unit Setting
to 20 degrees C.)
Landform: flood plains (protected) Frost-free period: 200 to 230 days
Elevation: 500 to 1,000 feet (152 to 305 meters)
Map Unit Composition
Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 6 inches (76 to 152
millimeters) Ireteba family and similar soils: 45 percent
Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F. (21 Arizo and similar soils: 30 percent
to 23 degrees C.) Minor components: 25 percent
Mean annual soil temperature: 72 to 76 degrees F. (23
Properties and Qualities
to 25 degrees C.)
Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days
Ireteba family soils
Map Unit Composition
Taxonomic Classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,
Indio and similar soils: 85 percent superactive, calcareous, thermic Typic
Minor components: 15 percent Torrifluvents
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Properties and Qualities
sources
Slope: 1 to 3 percent
Indio soils
Surface fragments: About 15 percent gravel
Taxonomic Classification: Coarse-silty, mixed, Drainage class: Well drained
superactive, calcareous, hyperthermic Typic Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid)
Torrifluvents Available water capacity total inches: 4.6
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
sources Flooding hazard: Rare
Slope: 0 to 1 percent Runoff class: Very low
Drainage class: Well drained Hydrologic group: B
Permeability: From 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate) Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert
Available water capacity total inches: 10.2 Land Resource Unit: 30-3AZ; Upper Mohave Desert
Shrink-swell potential: About 7.5 LEP (high) Ecological site name: Sandy Wash 10-13" p.z.
Flooding hazard: None Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Runoff class: Low vary in extent between delineations.
Hydrologic group: B Ecosystem site number: R030XC322AZ
Major Land Resource Area: 31; Lower Colorado Desert Present native vegetation: white burrobrush, catclaw
Land capability (irrigated): 3s acacia, creosotebush
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 57
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c Mean annual soil temperature: 66 to 72 degrees F. (20
to 23 degrees C.)
Typical Profile
Frost-free period: 230 to 250 days
A—0 to 2 inches; gravelly sandy loam
Map Unit Composition
C1—2 to 10 inches; sandy loam
C2—10 to 19 inches; gravelly sandy loam Kinley and similar soils: 75 percent
C3—19 to 31 inches; gravelly sandy loam Minor components: 25 percent
C4—31 to 41 inches; gravelly coarse sandy loam
Properties and Qualities
C5—41 to 60 inches; very gravelly loamy sand
Arizo soils Kinley soils
Taxonomic Classification: Sandy-skeletal, mixed, Taxonomic Classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,
thermic Typic Torriorthents superactive, thermic Typic Haplocalcids
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
sources sources
Slope: 1 to 3 percent Slope: 15 to 35 percent
Surface fragments: About 30 percent gravel Surface fragments: About 20 percent gravel
Drainage class: Excessively drained Drainage class: Well drained
Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid) Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid)
Available water capacity total inches: 2.4 Available water capacity total inches: 6.5
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low) Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Flooding hazard: Frequent Flooding hazard: None
Runoff class: Very low Runoff class: Medium
Hydrologic group: B Hydrologic group: B
Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert
Land Resource Unit: 30-3AZ; Upper Mohave Desert Land Resource Unit: 30-3AZ; Upper Mohave Desert
Ecological site name: Sandy Wash 10-13" p.z. Ecological site name: Sandy Loam Slopes 10-13" p.z.
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and Limy, Skeletal
vary in extent between delineations. Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Ecosystem site number: R030XC322AZ vary in extent between delineations.
Present native vegetation: white burrobrush, catclaw Ecosystem site number: R030XC331AZ
acacia, creosotebush Present native vegetation: Aristida, black grama,
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c Mexican bladdersage, banana yucca, big galleta,
turbinella oak
Typical Profile
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
A—0 to 2 inches; gravelly sandy loam
Typical Profile
C1—2 to 11 inches; gravelly sandy loam
C2—11 to 15 inches; sandy loam A—0 to 2 inches; gravelly loamy sand
C3—15 to 35 inches; extremely gravelly loamy BA—2 to 9 inches; sandy loam
sand Bk1—9 to 13 inches; sandy loam
C4—35 to 60 inches; very gravelly loamy coarse Bk2—13 to 24 inches; sandy loam
sand Bk3—24 to 34 inches; gravelly sandy loam
Bk4—34 to 50 inches; very gravelly sandy loam
C—50 to 60 inches; very gravelly sandy loam
66—Kinley gravelly loamy sand, 15 to 35
percent slopes
67—Kinley-Poachie complex, 2 to 15
Map Unit Setting percent slopes
Landform: fan terraces
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 3,200 to 3,400 feet (975 to 1,036 meters)
Mean annual precipitation: 9 to 12 inches (229 to 305 Landform: fan terraces
millimeters) Elevation: 1,800 to 3,000 feet (549 to 914 meters)
Mean annual air temperature: 64 to 70 degrees F. (18 Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 9 inches (152 to 229
to 21 degrees C.) millimeters)
58 Soil Survey
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15 Permeability: From 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate)
to 21 degrees C.) Available water capacity total inches: 6.7
Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17 Shrink-swell potential: About 4.5 LEP (moderate)
to 23 degrees C.) Flooding hazard: None
Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days Runoff class: Medium
Hydrologic group: B
Map Unit Composition
Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert
Kinley and similar soils: 50 percent Land Resource Unit: 30-2AZ; Middle Mohave Desert
Poachie and similar soils: 35 percent Ecological site name: Limy Fan 6-10" p.z.
Minor components: 15 percent Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
vary in extent between delineations.
Properties and Qualities
Ecosystem site number: R030XB211AZ
Present native vegetation: creosotebush, white
Kinley soils
bursage, Joshua tree, big galleta, goldenhead,
Taxonomic Classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed, range ratany, red brome
superactive, thermic Typic Haplocalcids Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Typical Profile
sources
Slope: 2 to 15 percent A—0 to 2 inches; gravelly clay loam
Drainage class: Well drained Bw—2 to 24 inches; sandy loam
Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid) Btk—24 to 38 inches; sandy clay loam
Available water capacity total inches: 6.6 Bk—38 to 60 inches; gravelly coarse sandy loam
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Flooding hazard: None
Runoff class: Low 68—Kofa silty clay, 0 to 1 percent slopes
Hydrologic group: B
Map Unit Setting
Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert
Land Resource Unit: 30-2AZ; Middle Mohave Desert Landform: flood plains (protected)
Ecological site name: Limy Fan 6-10" p.z. Elevation: 500 to 700 feet (152 to 213 meters)
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 6 inches (76 to 152
vary in extent between delineations. millimeters)
Ecosystem site number: R030XB211AZ Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F. (21
Present native vegetation: creosotebush, white to 23 degrees C.)
bursage, Anderson wolfberry, Joshua tree, Nevada Mean annual soil temperature: 72 to 76 degrees F. (23
Mormon tea, big galleta, catclaw acacia, to 25 degrees C.)
goldenhead, range ratany Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
Map Unit Composition
Typical Profile
Kofa and similar soils: 85 percent
A—0 to 2 inches; gravelly sandy loam Minor components: 15 percent
BA—2 to 9 inches; sandy loam
Properties and Qualities
Bk1—9 to 13 inches; sandy loam
Bk2—13 to 24 inches; sandy loam
Kofa soils
Bk3—24 to 34 inches; gravelly sandy loam
Bk4—34 to 50 inches; very gravelly sandy loam Taxonomic Classification: Clayey over sandy or sandy-
C—50 to 60 inches; very gravelly sandy loam skeletal, smectitic over mixed, calcareous,
hyperthermic Vertic Torrifluvents
Poachie soils
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Taxonomic Classification: Fine-loamy, mixed, sources
superactive, thermic Typic Calciargids Slope: 0 to 1 percent
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock Drainage class: Well drained
sources Permeability: From 0.06 to 0.2 in/hr (slow)
Slope: 2 to 7 percent Available water capacity total inches: 5.9
Drainage class: Well drained Shrink-swell potential: About 7.5 LEP (high)
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 59
Flooding hazard: None Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Runoff class: High vary in extent between delineations.
Hydrologic group: C Ecosystem site number: R040XC343AZ
Major Land Resource Area: 31; Lower Colorado Desert Present native vegetation: Arizona cottontop, Mexican
Land capability (irrigated): 3s bladder sage, big galleta, bush muhly, catclaw
acacia, western honey mesquite, fourwing
Typical Profile
saltbush, sand dropseed
Ap—0 to 12 inches; silty clay Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
Cz—12 to 29 inches; stratified silty clay
Typical Profile
2C—29 to 60 inches; stratified fine sand
A—0 to 2 inches; gravelly loamy sand
C1—2 to 12 inches; gravelly loamy coarse sand
69—Dudleyville-Vinton-Riverwash C—12 to 60 inches; very gravelly coarse sand
complex, 1 to 3 percent slopes Vinton soils
Taxonomic Classification: Sandy, mixed, thermic
Map Unit Setting
Typic Torrifluvents
Landform: stream terraces and flood plains Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Elevation: 2,000 to 3,800 feet (610 to 1,158 meters) sources
Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 12 inches (254 to 305 Slope: 1 to 3 percent
millimeters) Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15 Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid)
to 21 degrees C.) Available water capacity total inches: 3.3
Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17 Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
to 23 degrees C.) Flooding hazard: Occasional
Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days Runoff class: Very low
Hydrologic group: B
Map Unit Composition
Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and
Dudleyville and similar soils: 40 percent Range
Vinton and similar soils: 30 percent Land Resource Unit: 40-3AZ; Sonoran-Mohave Desert
Riverwash: 20 percent Transition
Minor components: 10 percent Ecological site name: Sandy Bottom 10-12" p.z.
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Properties and Qualities
vary in extent between delineations.
Ecosystem site number: R040XC343AZ
Dudleyville soils
Present native vegetation: Arizona cottontop, Mexican
Taxonomic Classification: Sandy-skeletal, mixed, bladder sage, big galleta, bush muhly, catclaw
thermic Typic Torriorthents acacia, western honey mesquite, fourwing
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock saltbush, sand dropseed
sources Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
Slope: 1 to 3 percent
Typical Profile
Drainage class: Excessively drained
Permeability: Greater than 20 in/hr (very rapid) A—0 to 3 inches; coarse sandy loam
Available water capacity total inches: 3.1 Bw—3 to 24 inches; loamy coarse sand
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low) C1—24 to 30 inches; gravelly loamy coarse sand
Flooding hazard: None 2C2—30 to 38 inches; loamy coarse sand
Runoff class: Negligible 3C3—38 to 60 inches; very gravelly loamy coarse
Hydrologic group: A sand
Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and
Riverwash
Range
Land Resource Unit: 40-3AZ; Sonoran-Mohave Desert Barren fluvial channels, usually coarse-textured,
Transition exposed along narrow drainageways, subject to shifting
Ecological site name: Sandy Bottom 10-12" p.z. during flood events.
60 Soil Survey
70—Dudleyville-Vinton-Riverwash C1—2 to 12 inches; gravelly loamy coarse sand
complex, dry, 1 to 3 percent slopes C—12 to 60 inches; very gravelly coarse sand
Vinton soils
Map Unit Setting
Taxonomic Classification: Sandy, mixed, thermic
Landform: flood plains and stream terraces Typic Torrifluvents
Elevation: 2,000 to 2,800 feet (610 to 853 meters) Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Mean annual precipitation: 7 to 10 inches (178 to 254 sources
millimeters) Slope: 1 to 3 percent
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15 Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
to 21 degrees C.) Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid)
Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17 Available water capacity total inches: 3.3
to 23 degrees C.) Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days Flooding hazard: Occasional
Runoff class: Very low
Map Unit Composition
Hydrologic group: B
Dudleyville and similar soils: 40 percent Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and
Vinton and similar soils: 30 percent Range
Riverwash: 20 percent Land Resource Unit: 40-3AZ; Sonoran-Mohave Desert
Minor components: 10 percent Transition
Ecological site name: Sandy Bottom 7-10" p.z.
Properties and Qualities
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
vary in extent between delineations.
Dudleyville soils
Ecosystem site number: R040XC318AZ
Taxonomic Classification: Sandy-skeletal, mixed, Present native vegetation: big galleta, bush muhly,
thermic Typic Torriorthents Mexican bladder sage, shortleaf baccharis, blue
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock palo verde, catclaw acacia, desert needlegrass,
sources littleleaf palo verde, western bottlebrush grass,
Slope: 1 to 3 percent western honey mesquite, whitestem paperflower
Drainage class: Excessively drained Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
Permeability: Greater than 20 in/hr (very rapid)
Typical Profile
Available water capacity total inches: 3.1
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low) A—0 to 3 inches; coarse sandy loam
Flooding hazard: None Bw—3 to 24 inches; loamy coarse sand
Runoff class: Negligible C1—24 to 30 inches; gravelly loamy coarse sand
Hydrologic group: A 2C2—30 to 38 inches; loamy coarse sand
Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and 3C3—38 to 60 inches; very gravelly loamy coarse
Range sand
Land Resource Unit: 40-3AZ; Sonoran-Mohave Desert
Riverwash
Transition
Ecological site name: Sandy Bottom 7-10" p.z. Barren fluvial channels, usually coarse-textured,
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and exposed along narrow drainageways, subject to shifting
vary in extent between delineations. during flood events.
Ecosystem site number: R040XC318AZ
Present native vegetation: big galleta, bush muhly,
Mexican bladder sage, shortleaf baccharis, blue 71—Lagunita sand, 0 to 1 percent slopes
palo verde, catclaw acacia, desert needlegrass,
littleleaf palo verde, western bottlebrush grass,
Map Unit Setting
western honey mesquite, whitestem paperflower
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c Landform: flood plains (protected)
Elevation: 500 to 700 feet (152 to 213 meters)
Typical Profile
Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 6 inches (76 to 152
A—0 to 2 inches; gravelly loamy sand millimeters)
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 61
Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F. (21 Properties and Qualities
to 23 degrees C.)
Mean annual soil temperature: 72 to 76 degrees F. (23 Lagunita soils
to 25 degrees C.)
Taxonomic Classification: Mixed, hyperthermic Typic
Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days
Torripsamments
Map Unit Composition Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
sources
Lagunita and similar soils: 85 percent
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
Drainage class: Excessively drained
Properties and Qualities Permeability: From 6.0 to 20 in/hr (rapid)
Available water capacity total inches: 3.0
Lagunita soils Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Flooding hazard: None
Taxonomic Classification: Mixed, hyperthermic Typic
Runoff class: Negligible
Torripsamments
Hydrologic group: A
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Major Land Resource Area: 31; Lower Colorado Desert
sources
Land capability (irrigated): 4s
Slope: 0 to 1 percent
Drainage class: Excessively drained Typical Profile
Permeability: From 6.0 to 20 in/hr (rapid)
A—0 to 2 inches; coarse sand
Available water capacity total inches: 3.0
C—2 to 60 inches; loamy sand
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Flooding hazard: None Ripley soils
Runoff class: Negligible
Taxonomic Classification: Coarse-silty over sandy or
Hydrologic group: A
sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, calcareous,
Major Land Resource Area: 31; Lower Colorado Desert
hyperthermic Typic Torrifluvents
Land capability (irrigated): 3s
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Typical Profile sources
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
A—0 to 2 inches; sand
Drainage class: Well drained
C—2 to 60 inches; loamy sand
Permeability: From 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate)
Available water capacity total inches: 5.9
72—Lagunita-Ripley complex, 0 to 3 Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
percent slopes Flooding hazard: None
Runoff class: Low
Hydrologic group: B
Map Unit Setting
Major Land Resource Area: 31; Lower Colorado Desert
Landform: flood plains (protected) Land capability (irrigated): 3s
Elevation: 450 to 1,400 feet (137 to 427 meters)
Typical Profile
Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 6 inches (76 to 152
millimeters) A—0 to 1 inches; fine sandy loam
Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F. (21 C1—1 to 30 inches; gravelly silt loam
to 23 degrees C.) C2—30 to 60 inches; gravelly loamy fine sand
Mean annual soil temperature: 72 to 76 degrees F. (23
to 25 degrees C.)
Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days 73—Lampshire-Rock outcrop complex, 20
Map Unit Composition to 60 percent slopes
Lagunita and similar soils: 60 percent
Map Unit Setting
Ripley and similar soils: 25 percent
Minor components: 15 percent Landform: hills and mountains
62 Soil Survey
Elevation: 3,300 to 4,000 feet (1,006 to 1,219 meters) Rock outcrop
Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 16 inches (305 to 406
Exposures of bedrock, typically barren but may have
millimeters)
sparse vegetation growing in cracks and crevices or in
Mean annual air temperature: 57 to 64 degrees F. (14
thin layers of alluvium or colluvium.
to 18 degrees C.)
Mean annual soil temperature: 59 to 66 degrees F. (16
to 20 degrees C.) 74—Lampshire-Rock outcrop complex, 30
Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days to 70 percent slopes
Map Unit Composition
Map Unit Setting
Lampshire and similar soils: 65 percent
Rock outcrop: 20 percent Landform: hills and mountains
Minor components: 15 percent Elevation: 3,800 to 7,200 feet (1,158 to 2,195 meters)
Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 16 inches (305 to 406
Properties and Qualities
millimeters)
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 61 degrees F. (15
Lampshire soils
to 16 degrees C.)
Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 63 degrees F. (17
superactive, nonacid, thermic Lithic Ustic to 18 degrees C.)
Torriorthents Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days
Parent Material: Alluvium and colluvium derived from
Map Unit Composition
igneous rock
Slope: 20 to 60 percent Lampshire and similar soils: 65 percent
Surface fragments: About 15 percent gravel Rock outcrop: 20 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 6 to 20 inches to bedrock Minor components: 15 percent
(paralithic); 17 to 20 inches to bedrock (lithic)
Properties and Qualities
Drainage class: Well drained
Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid)
Lampshire soils
Available water capacity total inches: 0.4
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low) Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,
Flooding hazard: None superactive, nonacid, thermic Lithic Ustic
Runoff class: Very high Torriorthents
Hydrologic group: D Parent Material: Alluvium and colluvium derived from
Major Land Resource Area: 38; Mogollon Transition igneous and metamorphic rock
Land Resource Unit: 38-1AZ; Mogollon Transition Slope: 30 to 70 percent
Interior Chaparral, Grassland, and Pinyon-Juniper Depth to restrictive feature: 4 to 16 inches to bedrock
Savannah (paralithic); 4 to 20 inches to bedrock (lithic)
Ecological site name: Granitic/Schist Hills 10-13" p.z. Drainage class: Well drained
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and Permeability: From 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate)
vary in extent between delineations. Available water capacity total inches: 0.4
Ecosystem site number: R030XC355AZ Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Present native vegetation: desert ceanothus, turbinella Flooding hazard: None
oak, Colorado pinyon, Opuntia, banana yucca, Runoff class: Very high
singleleaf pinyon, desert needlegrass Hydrologic group: D
Land capability (nonirrigated): 6c Major Land Resource Area: 38; Mogollon Transition
Land Resource Unit: 38-1AZ; Mogollon Transition
Typical Profile
Interior Chaparral, Grassland, and Pinyon-Juniper
A—0 to 1 inches; gravelly coarse sandy loam Savannah
C—1 to 6 inches; very gravelly sandy loam Ecological site name: Granitic Hills 12-16" p.z.
Cr—6 to 17 inches; weathered bedrock Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
R—17 inches; unweathered bedrock vary in extent between delineations.
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 63
Ecosystem site number: R038XA104AZ Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Present native vegetation: turbinella oak, birchleaf Flooding hazard: None
mountainmahogany, black grama, desert Runoff class: Very high
ceanothus, sideoats grama, Wright silktassel, Hydrologic group: D
bush muhly, desert needlegrass, pointleaf Major Land Resource Area: 38; Mogollon Transition
manzanita, shrubby buckwheat, single-leaf pinyon Land Resource Unit: 38-1AZ; Mogollon Transition
Land capability (nonirrigated): 6c Interior Chaparral, Grassland, and Pinyon-Juniper
Savannah
Typical Profile
Ecological site name: Clayey Upland 12-16" p.z.
A—0 to 1 inches; very gravelly loam Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
C—1 to 6 inches; very gravelly sandy loam vary in extent between delineations.
Cr—6 to 17 inches; weathered bedrock Ecosystem site number: R038XA117AZ
R—17 inches; unweathered bedrock Present native vegetation: sideoats grama, desert
ceanothus, turbinella oak, birchleaf
Rock outcrop
mountainmahogany, black grama, blue grama,
Exposures of bedrock, typically barren but may have desert needlegrass, range ratany, shrubby
sparse vegetation growing in cracks and crevices or in buckwheat, skunkbush sumac, sugar sumac,
thin layers of alluvium or colluvium. yellow-leaf silktassel
Land capability (nonirrigated): 6c
75—Lampshire-Rock outcrop complex, 15 Typical Profile
to 60 percent slopes, stony A—0 to 2 inches; very stony loam
Bw—2 to 7 inches; very cobbly loam
Map Unit Setting 2R—7 inches; unweathered bedrock
Landform: hills and mountains Rock outcrop
Elevation: 4,200 to 6,000 feet (1,280 to 1,829 meters)
Exposures of bedrock, typically barren but may have
Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 16 inches (305 to 406
sparse vegetation growing in cracks and crevices or in
millimeters)
thin layers of alluvium or colluvium.
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 61 degrees F. (15
to 16 degrees C.)
Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 63 degrees F. (17 76—Lostman gravelly sandy loam, moist,
to 18 degrees C.) 1 to 5 percent slopes
Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days
Map Unit Composition Map Unit Setting
Lampshire and similar soils: 45 percent Landform: stream terraces
Rock outcrop: 40 percent Elevation: 2,400 to 3,200 feet (732 to 975 meters)
Minor components: 15 percent Mean annual precipitation: 9 to 12 inches (229 to 305
millimeters)
Properties and Qualities
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 64 degrees F. (15
to 18 degrees C.)
Lampshire soils
Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 66 degrees F. (17
Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, to 20 degrees C.)
superactive, nonacid, thermic Lithic Ustic Frost-free period: 200 to 230 days
Torriorthents
Map Unit Composition
Parent Material: Alluvium and/or colluvium derived
from volcanic rock Lostman and similar soils: 80 percent
Slope: 15 to 60 percent Minor components: 20 percent
Surface fragments: About 2 percent stones
Properties and Qualities
Depth to restrictive feature: 4 to 20 inches to bedrock
(lithic)
Lostman soils
Drainage class: Well drained
Permeability: From 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate) Taxonomic Classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,
Available water capacity total inches: 0.6 superactive, thermic Typic Haplocambids
64 Soil Survey
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock Slope: 1 to 3 percent
sources Drainage class: Well drained
Slope: 1 to 5 percent Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid)
Surface fragments: About 15 percent gravel Available water capacity total inches: 6.2
Drainage class: Well drained Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid) Flooding hazard: None
Available water capacity total inches: 4.1 Runoff class: Very low
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low) Hydrologic group: B
Flooding hazard: None Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert
Runoff class: Very low Land Resource Unit: 30-2AZ; Middle Mohave Desert
Hydrologic group: B Ecological site name: Sandy Loam Upland 6-10" p.z.
Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert Limy Subsurface, Gravelly
Land Resource Unit: 30-3AZ; Upper Mohave Desert Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Ecological site name: Coarse Sandy Loam 10-13" p.z. vary in extent between delineations.
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and Ecosystem site number: R030XB205AZ
vary in extent between delineations. Present native vegetation: creosotebush, white
Ecosystem site number: R030XC305AZ bursage, big galleta, goldenhead
Present native vegetation: creosotebush, big galleta, Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
white bursage
Typical Profile
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
A—0 to 2 inches; sandy loam
Typical Profile
Bw1—2 to 12 inches; fine sandy loam
A—0 to 2 inches; gravelly sandy loam Bw2—12 to 27 inches; sandy loam
Bw—2 to 36 inches; gravelly sandy loam C1—27 to 38 inches; loam
2C—36 to 56 inches; very gravelly loamy coarse C2—38 to 60 inches; very gravelly sandy loam
sand
3Bk—56 to 60 inches; gravelly sandy clay loam
78—Lostman-Kinley complex, 1 to 7
percent slopes
77—Lostman sandy loam, dry, 1 to 3
percent slopes Map Unit Setting
Landform: stream terraces and fan terraces
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 1,600 to 3,000 feet (488 to 914 meters)
Landform: stream terraces Mean annual precipitation: 9 to 12 inches (229 to 305
Elevation: 2,100 to 2,600 feet (640 to 792 meters) millimeters)
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 9 inches (152 to 229 Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15
millimeters) to 21 degrees C.)
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15 Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17
to 21 degrees C.) to 23 degrees C.)
Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17 Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days
to 23 degrees C.)
Map Unit Composition
Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days
Lostman and similar soils: 40 percent
Map Unit Composition
Kinley and similar soils: 35 percent
Lostman and similar soils: 80 percent Minor components: 25 percent
Minor components: 20 percent
Properties and Qualities
Properties and Qualities
Lostman soils
Lostman soils
Taxonomic Classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,
Taxonomic Classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, thermic Typic Haplocambids
superactive, thermic Typic Haplocambids Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock sources
sources Slope: 1 to 7 percent
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 65
Drainage class: Well drained Bk2—13 to 24 inches; sandy loam
Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid) Bk3—24 to 34 inches; gravelly sandy loam
Available water capacity total inches: 6.2 Bk4—34 to 50 inches; very gravelly sandy loam
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low) C—50 to 60 inches; very gravelly sandy loam
Flooding hazard: None
Runoff class: Very low
Hydrologic group: B 79—Marshes
Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert
Areas that are periodically wet or continually flooded.
Land Resource Unit: 30-3AZ; Upper Mohave Desert
The surface is not deeply submerged.
Ecological site name: Coarse Sandy Loam 10-13" p.z.
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
vary in extent between delineations. 80—Meloland very fine sandy loam, 0 to 1
Ecosystem site number: R030XC305AZ percent slopes
Present native vegetation: big galleta, creosotebush,
black grama, bush muhly
Map Unit Setting
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
Landform: flood plains (protected)
Typical Profile
Elevation: 500 to 700 feet (152 to 213 meters)
A—0 to 2 inches; sandy loam Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 6 inches (76 to 152
Bw1—2 to 12 inches; fine sandy loam millimeters)
Bw2—12 to 27 inches; sandy loam Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F. (21
C1—27 to 38 inches; loam to 23 degrees C.)
C2—38 to 60 inches; very gravelly sandy loam Mean annual soil temperature: 72 to 76 degrees F. (23
to 25 degrees C.)
Kinley soils
Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days
Taxonomic Classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,
Map Unit Composition
superactive, thermic Typic Haplocalcids
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock Meloland and similar soils: 85 percent
sources Minor components: 15 percent
Slope: 1 to 7 percent
Properties and Qualities
Drainage class: Well drained
Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid)
Meloland soils
Available water capacity total inches: 6.6
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low) Taxonomic Classification: Coarse-loamy over clayey,
Flooding hazard: None mixed, superactive, calcareous, hyperthermic
Runoff class: Very low Typic Torrifluvents
Hydrologic group: B Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert sources
Land Resource Unit: 30-3AZ; Upper Mohave Desert Slope: 0 to 1 percent
Ecological site name: Sandy Loam Slopes 10-13" p.z. Drainage class: Well drained
Limy, Skeletal Permeability: From 0.06 to 0.2 in/hr (slow)
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and Available water capacity total inches: 7.4
vary in extent between delineations. Shrink-swell potential: About 7.5 LEP (high)
Ecosystem site number: R030XC331AZ Flooding hazard: None
Present native vegetation: Mexican bladder sage, big Runoff class: Low
galleta, creosotebush, goldenhead, Nevada Hydrologic group: C
Mormon tea, black grama, broom snakeweed, Major Land Resource Area: 31; Lower Colorado
bush muhly, range ratany, winterfat Desert
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c Land capability (irrigated): 3s
Typical Profile Typical Profile
A—0 to 2 inches; gravelly sandy loam Ap—0 to 8 inches; very fine sandy loam
BA—2 to 9 inches; sandy loam C—8 to 19 inches; very fine sandy loam
Bk1—9 to 13 inches; sandy loam 2Cz—19 to 60 inches; clay
66 Soil Survey
81—Mohon-Kinley complex, 2 to 15 Kinley soils
percent slopes Taxonomic Classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,
superactive, thermic Typic Haplocalcids
Map Unit Setting Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
sources
Landform: fan terraces
Slope: 5 to 15 percent
Elevation: 2,400 to 3,600 feet (732 to 1,097 meters)
Drainage class: Well drained
Mean annual precipitation: 9 to 12 inches (229 to 305
Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid)
millimeters)
Available water capacity total inches: 6.6
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
to 21 degrees C.)
Flooding hazard: None
Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17
Runoff class: Low
to 23 degrees C.)
Hydrologic group: B
Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days
Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert
Map Unit Composition Land Resource Unit: 30-3AZ; Upper Mohave Desert
Ecological site name: Limy Fan 10-13" p.z.
Mohon and similar soils: 50 percent
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Kinley and similar soils: 35 percent
vary in extent between delineations.
Minor components: 15 percent
Ecosystem site number: R030XC308AZ
Properties and Qualities Present native vegetation: big galleta, bush muhly,
creosotebush, Anderson wolfberry, Mexican
Mohon soils bladder sage, black grama, broom snakeweed,
goldenhead, range ratany, winterfat
Taxonomic Classification: Fine, smectitic, thermic
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
Typic Calciargids
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from volcanic rock Typical Profile
Slope: 2 to 10 percent
A—0 to 2 inches; gravelly sandy loam
Drainage class: Well drained
BA—2 to 9 inches; sandy loam
Permeability: From 0.06 to 0.2 in/hr (slow)
Bk1—9 to 13 inches; sandy loam
Available water capacity total inches: 9.0
Bk2—13 to 24 inches; sandy loam
Shrink-swell potential: About 4.5 LEP (moderate)
Bk3—24 to 34 inches; gravelly sandy loam
Flooding hazard: None
Bk4—34 to 50 inches; very gravelly sandy loam
Runoff class: Medium
C—50 to 60 inches; very gravelly sandy loam
Hydrologic group: C
Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert
Land Resource Unit: 30-3AZ; Upper Mohave Desert 82—Mohon-Poachie complex, 2 to 15
Ecological site name: Sandy Clay Loam Upland 10-13" percent slopes
p.z. Gravelly
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Map Unit Setting
vary in extent between delineations.
Ecosystem site number: R030XC302AZ Landform: fan terraces
Present native vegetation: creosotebush, white Elevation: 2,550 to 4,000 feet (777 to 1,219 meters)
bursage, Anderson wolfberry, Nevada Mormon tea, Mean annual precipitation: 9 to 12 inches (229 to 305
Schott yucca, big galleta, catclaw acacia, range millimeters)
ratany Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c to 21 degrees C.)
Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17
Typical Profile
to 23 degrees C.)
A—0 to 2 inches; gravelly loamy sand Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days
BA—2 to 6 inches; clay loam
Map Unit Composition
Btk—6 to 40 inches; clay
2Btk—40 to 60 inches; cobbly clay loam Mohon and similar soils: 50 percent
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 67
Poachie and similar soils: 25 percent Ecosystem site number: R030XC308AZ
Minor components: 25 percent Present native vegetation: creosotebush, goldenhead,
winterfat, Anderson wolfberry, Joshua tree, big
Properties and Qualities galleta, black grama, broom snakeweed, bush
muhly, desert globemallow, range ratany, red
Mohon soils brome
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
Taxonomic Classification: Fine, smectitic, thermic
Typic Calciargids Typical Profile
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from volcanic rock
A—0 to 2 inches; gravelly sandy loam
Slope: 2 to 15 percent
Bw—2 to 24 inches; sandy loam
Drainage class: Well drained
Btk—24 to 38 inches; sandy clay loam
Permeability: From 0.06 to 0.2 in/hr (slow)
Bk—38 to 60 inches; gravelly coarse sandy loam
Available water capacity total inches: 9.0
Shrink-swell potential: About 4.5 LEP (moderate)
Flooding hazard: None 83—Mohon-Poachie complex, dry, 2 to 15
Runoff class: Medium percent slopes
Hydrologic group: C
Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert
Map Unit Setting
Land Resource Unit: 30-3AZ; Upper Mohave Desert
Ecological site name: Sandy Clay Loam Upland 10-13" Landform: fan terraces
p.z. Gravelly Elevation: 1,800 to 2,800 feet (549 to 853 meters)
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 9 inches (152 to 229
vary in extent between delineations. millimeters)
Ecosystem site number: R030XC302AZ Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15
Present native vegetation: creosotebush, white to 21 degrees C.)
bursage, Anderson wolfberry, Nevada Mormon tea, Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17
Schott yucca, big galleta, catclaw acacia, range to 23 degrees C.)
ratany Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
Map Unit Composition
Typical Profile
Mohon and similar soils: 50 percent
A—0 to 2 inches; very cobbly loam Poachie and similar soils: 25 percent
Bk—2 to 6 inches; clay loam Minor components: 25 percent
Btk—6 to 40 inches; clay
Properties and Qualities
2Btk—40 to 60 inches; cobbly clay loam
Poachie soils Mohon soils
Taxonomic Classification: Fine-loamy, mixed, Taxonomic Classification: Fine, smectitic, thermic
superactive, thermic Typic Calciargids Typic Calciargids
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock Parent Material: Alluvium derived from volcanic rock
sources Slope: 2 to 10 percent
Slope: 2 to 15 percent Drainage class: Well drained
Drainage class: Well drained Permeability: From 0.06 to 0.2 in/hr (slow)
Permeability: From 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate) Available water capacity total inches: 9.0
Available water capacity total inches: 6.5 Shrink-swell potential: About 4.5 LEP (moderate)
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low) Flooding hazard: None
Flooding hazard: None Runoff class: Medium
Runoff class: Low Hydrologic group: C
Hydrologic group: B Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert
Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert Land Resource Unit: 30-2AZ; Middle Mohave Desert
Land Resource Unit: 30-3AZ; Upper Mohave Desert Ecological site name: Clay Loam Upland 6-10" p.z.
Ecological site name: Limy Fan 10-13" p.z. Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and vary in extent between delineations.
vary in extent between delineations. Ecosystem site number: R030XB227AZ
68 Soil Survey
Present native vegetation: creosotebush, white Mean annual soil temperature: 59 to 66 degrees F. (16
bursage, Anderson wolfberry, Nevada Mormon tea, to 20 degrees C.)
Schott yucca, big galleta, catclaw acacia, range Frost-free period: 200 to 230 days
ratany
Map Unit Composition
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
Nickel family and similar soils: 35 percent
Typical Profile
Topawa family and similar soils: 30 percent
A—0 to 2 inches; very gravelly sandy loam Eba family and similar soils: 25 percent
BA—2 to 6 inches; clay loam Minor components: 10 percent
Btk—6 to 40 inches; clay
Properties and Qualities
2Btk—40 to 60 inches; cobbly clay loam
Poachie soils Nickel family soils
Taxonomic Classification: Fine-loamy, mixed, Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,
superactive, thermic Typic Calciargids superactive, thermic Typic Haplocalcids
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock Parent Material: Alluvium and/or colluvium derived
sources from metamorphic rock
Slope: 2 to 15 percent Slope: 15 to 50 percent
Drainage class: Well drained Drainage class: Well drained
Permeability: From 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate) Permeability: From 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate)
Available water capacity total inches: 6.5 Available water capacity total inches: 4.3
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low) Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Flooding hazard: None Flooding hazard: None
Runoff class: Low Runoff class: High
Hydrologic group: B Hydrologic group: C
Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert
Land Resource Unit: 30-2AZ; Middle Mohave Desert Land Resource Unit: 30-3AZ; Upper Mohave Desert
Ecological site name: Limy Fan 6-10" p.z. Ecological site name: Sandy Loam Slopes 10-13" p.z.
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and Limy, Skeletal
vary in extent between delineations. Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Ecosystem site number: R030XB211AZ vary in extent between delineations.
Present native vegetation: creosotebush, white Ecosystem site number: R030XC331AZ
bursage, Joshua tree, big galleta, goldenhead, Present native vegetation: Aristida, black grama,
range ratany, red brome Mexican bladdersage, banana yucca, big galleta,
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c turbinella oak
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
Typical Profile
Typical Profile
A—0 to 2 inches; gravelly sandy loam
Bw—2 to 24 inches; sandy loam A—0 to 3 inches; very gravelly loamy sand
Btk—24 to 38 inches; sandy clay loam Bk1—3 to 7 inches; very gravelly sandy clay loam
Bk—38 to 60 inches; gravelly coarse sandy loam Bk2—7 to 26 inches; very gravelly loam
Bk3—26 to 60 inches; very gravelly sandy loam
Topawa family soils
84—Nickel-Topawa-Eba families complex,
10 to 50 percent slopes Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,
superactive, thermic Typic Haplargids
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from metamorphic
Map Unit Setting
rock and/or igneous rock
Landform: fan terraces Slope: 15 to 50 percent
Elevation: 3,000 to 4,200 feet (914 to 1,280 meters) Drainage class: Well drained
Mean annual precipitation: 9 to 12 inches (229 to 305 Permeability: From 0.2 to 0.6 in/hr (moderately slow)
millimeters) Available water capacity total inches: 4.0
Mean annual air temperature: 57 to 64 degrees F. (14 Shrink-swell potential: About 4.5 LEP (moderate)
to 18 degrees C.) Flooding hazard: None
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 69
Runoff class: High 85—Orwash family sandy loam, 1 to 3
Hydrologic group: C percent slopes
Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert
Land Resource Unit: 30-3AZ; Upper Mohave Desert
Map Unit Setting
Ecological site name: Sandy Loam Slopes 10-13" p.z.
Fine, Skeletal Landform: fan terraces
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and Elevation: 2,600 to 4,000 feet (792 to 1,219 meters)
vary in extent between delineations. Mean annual precipitation: 9 to 12 inches (229 to 305
Ecosystem site number: R030XC353AZ millimeters)
Present native vegetation: black grama, flattop Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15
buckwheat, turbinella oak, Mexican bladdersage, to 21 degrees C.)
banana yucca Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c to 23 degrees C.)
Frost-free period: 200 to 230 days
Typical Profile
Map Unit Composition
A—0 to 3 inches; very gravelly loamy sand
Bt1—3 to 18 inches; very gravelly sandy clay loam Orwash family and similar soils: 75 percent
Bt2—18 to 50 inches; very gravelly sandy loam Minor components: 25 percent
C—50 to 58 inches; gravelly loamy sand
Properties and Qualities
2Bkb—58 to 60 inches; gravelly loam
Eba family soils Orwash family soils
Taxonomic Classification: Clayey-skeletal, mixed, Taxonomic Classification: Sandy, mixed, thermic
superactive, thermic Typic Calciargids Typic Torriorthents
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from igneous rock Parent Material: Alluvium derived from granite
and metamorphic rock Slope: 1 to 3 percent
Slope: 10 to 25 percent Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Drainage class: Well drained Permeability: From 6.0 to 20 in/hr (rapid)
Permeability: From 0.06 to 0.2 in/hr (slow) Available water capacity total inches: 4.9
Available water capacity total inches: 4.0 Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Shrink-swell potential: About 4.5 LEP (moderate) Flooding hazard: None
Flooding hazard: None Runoff class: Very low
Runoff class: Medium Hydrologic group: A
Hydrologic group: C Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert
Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert Land Resource Unit: 30-3AZ; Upper Mohave Desert
Land Resource Unit: 30-3AZ; Upper Mohave Desert Ecological site name: Coarse Sandy Loam 10-13" p.z.
Ecological site name: Clay Loam Upland 10-13" p.z. Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and vary in extent between delineations.
vary in extent between delineations. Ecosystem site number: R030XC305AZ
Ecosystem site number: R030XC334AZ Present native vegetation: big galleta, white burrobush,
Present native vegetation: big galleta, flattop Joshua tree, black grama, bush muhly,
buckwheat, Mexican bladdersage creosotebush, goldenhead, red brome
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
Typical Profile Typical Profile
A—0 to 1 inches; very gravelly sandy loam A1—0 to 2 inches; sandy loam
Bt1—1 to 8 inches; very gravelly clay A2—2 to 14 inches; coarse sandy loam
Bt2—8 to 32 inches; very gravelly clay C1—14 to 26 inches; gravelly loamy sand
Bt3—32 to 52 inches; very gravelly sandy clay C2—26 to 47 inches; gravelly sand
2Bkb—52 to 60 inches; very gravelly loam 2Btkb—47 to 60 inches; gravelly sandy clay loam
70 Soil Survey
86—Orwash family sandy loam, dry, 1 to 3 87—Penthouse-Gonzales complex, 5 to 35
percent slopes percent slopes
Map Unit Setting Map Unit Setting
Landform: fan terraces Landform: fan terraces and hills
Elevation: 1,450 to 3,000 feet (442 to 914 meters) Elevation: 3,650 to 5,600 feet (1,113 to 1,706
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 9 inches (152 to 229 meters)
millimeters) Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 16 inches (305 to 406
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15 millimeters)
to 21 degrees C.) Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 61 degrees F. (15
Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17 to 16 degrees C.)
to 23 degrees C.) Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 63 degrees F. (17
Frost-free period: 200 to 230 days to 18 degrees C.)
Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days
Map Unit Composition
Map Unit Composition
Orwash family and similar soils: 75 percent
Minor components: 25 percent Penthouse and similar soils: 50 percent
Gonzales and similar soils: 25 percent
Properties and Qualities
Minor components: 25 percent
Orwash family soils Properties and Qualities
Taxonomic Classification: Sandy, mixed, thermic
Penthouse soils
Typic Torriorthents
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from granite Taxonomic Classification: Fine, mixed, superactive,
Slope: 1 to 3 percent thermic Ustic Calciargids
Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Permeability: From 6.0 to 20 in/hr (rapid) sources
Available water capacity total inches: 4.9 Slope: 5 to 15 percent
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low) Drainage class: Well drained
Flooding hazard: None Permeability: From 0.06 to 0.2 in/hr (slow)
Runoff class: Very low Available water capacity total inches: 6.4
Hydrologic group: A Shrink-swell potential: About 4.5 LEP (moderate)
Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert Flooding hazard: None
Land Resource Unit: 30-2AZ; Middle Mohave Desert Runoff class: High
Ecological site name: Sandy Loam Upland 6-10" p.z. Hydrologic group: C
Limy Subsurface, Gravelly Major Land Resource Area: 38; Mogollon Transition
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and Land Resource Unit: 38-1AZ; Mogollon Transition
vary in extent between delineations. Interior Chaparral, Grassland, and Pinyon-Juniper
Ecosystem site number: R030XB205AZ Savannah
Present native vegetation: creosotebush, white Ecological site name: Clay Loam Upland 12-16" p.z.
bursage, goldenhead, big galleta, red brome Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c vary in extent between delineations.
Ecosystem site number: R038XA103AZ
Typical Profile
Present native vegetation: sideoats grama, western
A1—0 to 2 inches; sandy loam bottlebrush grass, Utah juniper, black grama, blue
A2—2 to 14 inches; coarse sandy loam grama, desert ceanothus, false mesquite, hairy
C1—14 to 26 inches; gravelly loamy sand grama, muttongrass, range ratany, rough
C2—26 to 47 inches; gravelly sand menodora, turbinella oak, western wheatgrass
2Btkb—47 to 60 inches; gravelly sandy clay loam Land capability (nonirrigated): 6c
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 71
Typical Profile Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15
to 21 degrees C.)
A—0 to 2 inches; very cobbly loam
Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17
BA—2 to 8 inches; gravelly clay loam
to 23 degrees C.)
Bt—8 to 27 inches; gravelly clay
Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days
Btk—27 to 40 inches; gravelly clay loam
2Btkb—40 to 47 inches; gravelly sandy loam Map Unit Composition
2Bkb—47 to 60 inches; very gravelly loamy sand
Poachie and similar soils: 80 percent
Gonzales soils Minor components: 20 percent
Taxonomic Classification: Clayey, smectitic, thermic, Properties and Qualities
shallow Ustic Haplocambids
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from volcanic rock Poachie soils
Slope: 5 to 35 percent
Taxonomic Classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,
Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock
superactive, thermic Typic Calciargids
(paralithic); 13 to 23 inches to bedrock (lithic)
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Drainage class: Well drained
sources
Permeability: From 0.06 to 0.2 in/hr (slow)
Slope: 1 to 4 percent
Available water capacity total inches: 2.2
Drainage class: Well drained
Shrink-swell potential: About 7.5 LEP (high)
Permeability: From 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate)
Flooding hazard: None
Available water capacity total inches: 6.5
Runoff class: Very high
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Hydrologic group: D
Flooding hazard: None
Major Land Resource Area: 38; Mogollon Transition
Runoff class: Low
Land Resource Unit: 38-1AZ; Mogollon Transition
Hydrologic group: B
Interior Chaparral, Grassland, and Pinyon-Juniper
Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert
Savannah
Land Resource Unit: 30-3AZ; Upper Mohave Desert
Ecological site name: Clayey Upland 12-16" p.z.
Ecological site name: Limy Fan 10-13" p.z.
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
vary in extent between delineations.
vary in extent between delineations.
Ecosystem site number: R038XA117AZ
Ecosystem site number: R030XC308AZ
Present native vegetation: sideoats grama, desert
Present native vegetation: creosotebush, goldenhead,
ceanothus, birchleaf mountainmahogany, black
winterfat, Anderson wolfberry, Joshua tree, big
grama, blue grama, desert needlegrass, range
galleta, black grama, broom snakeweed, bush
ratany, shrubby buckwheat, skunkbush sumac,
muhly, desert globemallow, range ratany, red
sugar sumac
brome
Land capability (nonirrigated): 6c
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
Typical Profile
Typical Profile
A—0 to 1 inches; very cobbly loam
A—0 to 2 inches; very gravelly loam
Bw—1 to 14 inches; clay
Bw—2 to 24 inches; sandy loam
2Cr—14 to 17 inches; weathered bedrock
Btk—24 to 38 inches; sandy clay loam
2R—17 inches; unweathered bedrock
Bk—38 to 60 inches; gravelly coarse sandy loam
88—Poachie very gravelly loam, 1 to 4 89—Poachie very gravelly loam, dry, 1 to 4
percent slopes percent slopes
Map Unit Setting Map Unit Setting
Landform: fan terraces Landform: fan terraces
Elevation: 2,500 to 2,800 feet (762 to 853 meters) Elevation: 2,300 to 2,900 feet (701 to 884 meters)
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 12 inches (152 to 305 Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 9 inches (152 to 229
millimeters) millimeters)
72 Soil Survey
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15 Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F. (21
to 21 degrees C.) to 23 degrees C.)
Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17 Mean annual soil temperature: 72 to 76 degrees F. (23
to 23 degrees C.) to 25 degrees C.)
Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days
Map Unit Composition Map Unit Composition
Poachie and similar soils: 80 percent Quilotosa and similar soils: 60 percent
Minor components: 20 percent Rock outcrop: 20 percent
Minor components: 20 percent
Properties and Qualities
Properties and Qualities
Poachie soils
Quilotosa soils
Taxonomic Classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,
superactive, thermic Typic Calciargids Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock superactive, calcareous, hyperthermic Lithic
sources Torriorthents
Slope: 1 to 4 percent Parent Material: Alluvium and colluvium derived from
Drainage class: Well drained igneous and metamorphic rock
Permeability: From 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate) Slope: 20 to 60 percent
Available water capacity total inches: 6.5 Depth to restrictive feature: 9 to 12 inches to bedrock
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low) (paralithic); 10 to 20 inches to bedrock (lithic)
Flooding hazard: None Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Runoff class: Low Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid)
Hydrologic group: B Available water capacity total inches: 0.5
Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Land Resource Unit: 30-2AZ; Middle Mohave Desert Flooding hazard: None
Ecological site name: Limy Fan 6-10" p.z. Runoff class: Very high
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and Hydrologic group: D
vary in extent between delineations. Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and
Ecosystem site number: R030XB211AZ Range
Present native vegetation: creosotebush, white Land Resource Unit: 40-3AZ; Sonoran-Mohave Desert
bursage, Joshua tree, big galleta, goldenhead, Transition
range ratany, red brome Ecological site name: Granitic Hills 7-10" p.z.
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
vary in extent between delineations.
Typical Profile
Ecosystem site number: R040XC306AZ
A—0 to 2 inches; very gravelly loam Present native vegetation: white brittlebush, littleleaf
Bw—2 to 24 inches; sandy loam palo verde, white bursage, blond plantain, bush
Btk—24 to 38 inches; sandy clay loam muhly, desert globemallow, ocotillo, white ratany
Bk—38 to 60 inches; gravelly coarse sandy loam Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
Typical Profile
90—Quilotosa-Rock outcrop complex, 20 A—0 to 3 inches; extremely gravelly sandy loam
to 60 percent slopes Bw—3 to 9 inches; very gravelly sandy loam
2Cr—9 to 15 inches; weathered bedrock
2R—15 inches; unweathered bedrock
Map Unit Setting
Rock outcrop
Landform: hills and mountains
Elevation: 500 to 3,000 feet (152 to 914 meters) Exposures of bedrock, typically barren but may have
Mean annual precipitation: 7 to 10 inches (178 to 254 sparse vegetation growing in cracks and crevices or in
millimeters) thin layers of alluvium or colluvium.
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 73
91—Razorback extremely gravelly sandy 92—Razorback-Rock outcrop complex, 1
loam, 15 to 35 percent slopes to 25 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting Map Unit Setting
Landform: hills Landform: hills and mountains
Elevation: 2,400 to 3,900 feet (732 to 1,189 meters) Elevation: 1,900 to 3,000 feet (579 to 914
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 9 inches (152 to 229 meters)
millimeters) Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 9 inches (152 to 229
Mean annual air temperature: 64 to 70 degrees F. (18 millimeters)
to 21 degrees C.) Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15
Mean annual soil temperature: 66 to 72 degrees F. (20 to 21 degrees C.)
to 23 degrees C.) Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17
Frost-free period: 230 to 280 days to 23 degrees C.)
Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days
Map Unit Composition
Map Unit Composition
Razorback and similar soils: 90 percent
Minor components: 10 percent Razorback and similar soils: 65 percent
Rock outcrop: 20 percent
Properties and Qualities
Minor components: 15 percent
Razorback soils Properties and Qualities
Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,
Razorback soils
superactive, calcareous, thermic Lithic
Torriorthents Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,
Parent Material: Alluvium and colluvium derived from superactive, calcareous, thermic Lithic
volcanic rock Torriorthents
Slope: 15 to 35 percent Parent Material: Alluvium and/or colluvium derived
Depth to restrictive feature: 4 to 20 inches to bedrock from igneous rock
(lithic) Slope: 1 to 25 percent
Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained Surface fragments: About 9 percent stones
Permeability: From 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate) Depth to restrictive feature: 4 to 20 inches to bedrock
Available water capacity total inches: 0.3 (lithic)
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low) Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Flooding hazard: None Permeability: From 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate)
Runoff class: Very high Available water capacity total inches: 0.9
Hydrologic group: D Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert Flooding hazard: None
Land Resource Unit: 30-2AZ; Middle Mohave Desert Runoff class: Very high
Ecological site name: Andesite Hills 6-10" p.z. Coarse Hydrologic group: D
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert
vary in extent between delineations. Land Resource Unit: 30-2AZ; Middle Mohave Desert
Ecosystem site number: R030XB201AZ Ecological site name: Basalt Hills 6-10" p.z.
Present native vegetation: creosotebush, white Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
bursage vary in extent between delineations.
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c Ecosystem site number: R030XB202AZ
Present native vegetation: creosotebush, Nevada
Typical Profile
Mormon tea, range ratany, red brome, Eastern
A—0 to 2 inches; extremely gravelly sandy loam Mojave wild buckwheat, big galleta, blackbrush,
C—2 to 5 inches; very gravelly sandy loam bush encelia, white bursage
2R—5 inches; unweathered bedrock Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
74 Soil Survey
Typical Profile Ecosystem site number: R030XC333AZ
Present native vegetation: creosotebush, rayless
A—0 to 2 inches; extremely cobbly loam
brittlebush, slim tridens, black grama
Bk—2 to 15 inches; extremely gravelly loam
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
2R—15 inches; unweathered bedrock
Typical Profile
Rock outcrop
A—0 to 2 inches; very stony loam
Exposures of bedrock, typically barren but may have
Bk—2 to 15 inches; very gravelly loam
sparse vegetation growing in cracks and crevices or in
2R—15 inches; unweathered bedrock
thin layers of alluvium or colluvium.
Rock outcrop
93—Razorback-Rock outcrop complex, 15 Exposures of bedrock, typically barren but may have
to 70 percent slopes sparse vegetation growing in cracks and crevices or in
thin layers of alluvium or colluvium.
Map Unit Setting
Landform: hills and mountains 94—Razorback-Rock outcrop complex,
Elevation: 2,500 to 5,000 feet (762 to 1,524 meters) dry, 15 to 70 percent slopes
Mean annual precipitation: 9 to 12 inches (229 to 305
millimeters)
Map Unit Setting
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15
to 21 degrees C.) Landform: hills and mountains
Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17 Elevation: 1,700 to 4,800 feet (518 to 1,463 meters)
to 23 degrees C.) Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 9 inches (152 to 229
Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days millimeters)
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15
Map Unit Composition
to 21 degrees C.)
Razorback and similar soils: 60 percent Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17
Rock outcrop: 20 percent to 23 degrees C.)
Minor components: 20 percent Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days
Properties and Qualities Map Unit Composition
Razorback and similar soils: 60 percent
Razorback soils
Rock outcrop: 20 percent
Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, Minor components: 20 percent
superactive, calcareous, thermic Lithic
Properties and Qualities
Torriorthents
Parent Material: Alluvium and/or colluvium derived
Razorback soils
from igneous rock
Slope: 15 to 70 percent Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,
Depth to restrictive feature: 4 to 20 inches to bedrock superactive, calcareous, thermic Lithic
(lithic) Torriorthents
Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained Parent Material: Alluvium and/or colluvium derived
Permeability: From 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate) from igneous rock
Available water capacity total inches: 0.9 Slope: 15 to 70 percent
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low) Surface fragments: About 9 percent stones
Flooding hazard: None Depth to restrictive feature: 4 to 20 inches to bedrock
Runoff class: Very high (lithic)
Hydrologic group: D Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert Permeability: From 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate)
Land Resource Unit: 30-3AZ; Upper Mohave Desert Available water capacity total inches: 0.9
Ecological site name: Basalt Hills 10-13" p.z. Limy Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and Flooding hazard: None
vary in extent between delineations. Runoff class: Very high
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 75
Hydrologic group: D Slope: 40 to 70 percent
Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert Depth to restrictive feature: 4 to 20 inches to bedrock
Land Resource Unit: 30-2AZ; Middle Mohave Desert (lithic)
Ecological site name: Basalt Hills 6-10" p.z. Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and Permeability: From 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate)
vary in extent between delineations. Available water capacity total inches: 0.9
Ecosystem site number: R030XB202AZ Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Present native vegetation: creosotebush, Nevada Flooding hazard: None
Mormon tea, range ratany, red brome, Eastern Runoff class: Very high
Mojave wild buckwheat, big galleta, blackbrush, Hydrologic group: D
bush encelia, white bursage Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c Land Resource Unit: 30-3AZ; Upper Mohave Desert
Ecological site name: Basalt Hills 10-13" p.z. Limy
Typical Profile
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
A—0 to 2 inches; extremely cobbly loam vary in extent between delineations.
Bk—2 to 15 inches; extremely gravelly loam Ecosystem site number: R030XC333AZ
2R—15 inches; unweathered bedrock Present native vegetation: Eastern Mojave wild
buckwheat, creosotebush, red brome, white
Rock outcrop
bursage, Nevada Mormon tea, big galleta,
Exposures of bedrock, typically barren but may have blackbrush, bush encelia, desert needlegrass,
sparse vegetation growing in cracks and crevices or in range ratany, turpentine bush
thin layers of alluvium or colluvium. Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
Typical Profile
95—Razorback-Rock outcrop-Rubble A—0 to 2 inches; extremely cobbly loam
land complex, 40 to 70 percent slopes Bk—2 to 15 inches; extremely gravelly loam
2R—15 inches; unweathered bedrock
Map Unit Setting
Rock outcrop
Landform: hills and mountains
Exposures of bedrock, typically barren but may have
Elevation: 2,400 to 4,700 feet (732 to 1,433 meters)
sparse vegetation growing in cracks and crevices or in
Mean annual precipitation: 9 to 12 inches (229 to 305
thin layers of alluvium or colluvium.
millimeters)
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15 Rubble land
to 21 degrees C.)
Consists of areas of cobbles, stones, and boulders.
Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17
Rubble land is commonly at the base of mountains,
to 23 degrees C.)
mesas, and escarpments.
Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days
Map Unit Composition
96—Razorback-Rock outcrop-Rubble
Razorback and similar soils: 45 percent land complex, dry, 40 to 70 percent
Rock outcrop: 20 percent
slopes
Rubble land: 20 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
Map Unit Setting
Properties and Qualities
Landform: hills and mountains
Elevation: 1,700 to 4,100 feet (518 to 1,250 meters)
Razorback soils
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 9 inches (152 to 229
Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, millimeters)
superactive, calcareous, thermic Lithic Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15
Torriorthents to 21 degrees C.)
Parent Material: Alluvium and/or colluvium derived Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17
from igneous rock to 23 degrees C.)
76 Soil Survey
Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days 97—Rillino gravelly loamy sand, 15 to 35
Map Unit Composition percent slopes
Razorback and similar soils: 45 percent
Map Unit Setting
Rock outcrop: 20 percent
Rubble land: 20 percent Landform: fan terraces
Minor components: 15 percent Elevation: 2,200 to 2,800 feet (671 to 853 meters)
Mean annual precipitation: 7 to 10 inches (178 to 254
Properties and Qualities
millimeters)
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15
Razorback soils
to 21 degrees C.)
Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17
superactive, calcareous, thermic Lithic to 23 degrees C.)
Torriorthents Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days
Parent Material: Alluvium and/or colluvium derived
Map Unit Composition
from igneous rock
Slope: 40 to 70 percent Rillino and similar soils: 75 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 4 to 20 inches to bedrock Minor components: 25 percent
(lithic)
Properties and Qualities
Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Permeability: From 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate)
Rillino soils
Available water capacity total inches: 0.9
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low) Taxonomic Classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,
Flooding hazard: None superactive, thermic Typic Haplocalcids
Runoff class: Very high Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Hydrologic group: D sources
Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert Slope: 15 to 35 percent
Land Resource Unit: 30-2AZ; Middle Mohave Desert Drainage class: Well drained
Ecological site name: Basalt Hills 6-10" p.z. Permeability: From 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate)
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and Available water capacity total inches: 5.5
vary in extent between delineations. Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Ecosystem site number: R030XB202AZ Flooding hazard: None
Present native vegetation: creosotebush, Nevada Runoff class: High
Mormon tea, range ratany, red brome, Eastern Hydrologic group: B
Mojave wild buckwheat, big galleta, blackbrush, Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and
bush encelia, white bursage Range
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c Land Resource Unit: 40-3AZ; Sonoran-Mohave Desert
Transition
Typical Profile
Ecological site name: Limy Fan 7-10" p.z.
A—0 to 2 inches; extremely cobbly loam Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Bk—2 to 15 inches; extremely gravelly loam vary in extent between delineations.
2R—15 inches; unweathered bedrock Ecosystem site number: R040XC308AZ
Present native vegetation: creosotebush, big galleta,
Rock outcrop
range ratany, white bursage, whitestem
Exposures of bedrock, typically barren but may have paperflower, Joshua tree, black grama, bush
sparse vegetation growing in cracks and crevices or in muhly, goldenhead, littleleaf palo verde
thin layers of alluvium or colluvium. Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
Rubble land Typical Profile
Consists of areas of cobbles, stones, and boulders. A—0 to 2 inches; gravelly loamy sand
Rubble land is commonly at the base of mountains, Bw—2 to 16 inches; gravelly sandy clay loam
mesas, and escarpments. Bk2—16 to 27 inches; gravelly sandy loam
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 77
Bk—27 to 60 inches; gravelly loamy sand Bw—2 to 16 inches; gravelly sandy clay loam
Bk2—16 to 27 inches; gravelly sandy loam
Bk—27 to 60 inches; gravelly loamy sand
98—Rillino-Tres Hermanos complex, 2 to
15 percent slopes Tres Hermanos soils
Taxonomic Classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,
Map Unit Setting superactive, thermic Typic Calciargids
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Landform: fan terraces
sources
Elevation: 1,700 to 2,600 feet (518 to 792 meters)
Slope: 2 to 7 percent
Mean annual precipitation: 7 to 10 inches (178 to 254
Drainage class: Well drained
millimeters)
Permeability: From 0.2 to 0.6 in/hr (moderately slow)
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15
Available water capacity total inches: 6.2
to 21 degrees C.)
Shrink-swell potential: About 4.5 LEP (moderate)
Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17
Flooding hazard: None
to 23 degrees C.)
Runoff class: Low
Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days
Hydrologic group: C
Map Unit Composition Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and
Range
Rillino and similar soils: 50 percent
Land Resource Unit: 40-3AZ; Sonoran-Mohave Desert
Tres Hermanos and similar soils: 35 percent
Transition
Minor components: 15 percent
Ecological site name: Limy Fan 7-10" p.z.
Properties and Qualities Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
vary in extent between delineations.
Rillino soils Ecosystem site number: R040XC308AZ
Present native vegetation: creosotebush, big galleta,
Taxonomic Classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,
range ratany, white bursage, whitestem
superactive, thermic Typic Haplocalcids
paperflower, Joshua tree, black grama, bush
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
muhly, goldenhead
sources
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
Slope: 2 to 15 percent
Drainage class: Well drained Typical Profile
Permeability: From 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate)
A—0 to 2 inches; gravelly clay loam
Available water capacity total inches: 5.5
Btk—2 to 26 inches; gravelly sandy clay loam
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Bk—26 to 60 inches; gravelly sandy loam
Flooding hazard: None
Runoff class: Medium
Hydrologic group: B 99—Ripley silt loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes
Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and
Range
Map Unit Setting
Land Resource Unit: 40-3AZ; Sonoran-Mohave Desert
Transition Landform: flood plains (protected)
Ecological site name: Limy Fan 7-10" p.z. Elevation: 460 to 870 feet (140 to 265 meters)
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 6 inches (76 to 152
vary in extent between delineations. millimeters)
Ecosystem site number: R040XC308AZ Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F. (21
Present native vegetation: creosotebush, big galleta, to 23 degrees C.)
range ratany, white bursage, whitestem Mean annual soil temperature: 72 to 76 degrees F. (23
paperflower, Joshua tree, black grama, bush to 25 degrees C.)
muhly, goldenhead, littleleaf palo verde Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
Map Unit Composition
Typical Profile
Ripley and similar soils: 85 percent
A—0 to 2 inches; gravelly sandy loam Minor components: 15 percent
78 Soil Survey
Properties and Qualities Available water capacity total inches: 2.6
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Ripley soils Flooding hazard: None
Runoff class: Low
Taxonomic Classification: Coarse-silty over sandy or
Hydrologic group: B
sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, calcareous,
Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and
hyperthermic Typic Torrifluvents
Range
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Land Resource Unit: 40-4AZ; Lower Sonoran Desert
sources
Ecological site name: Limy Upland 2-7" p.z. Deep
Slope: 0 to 1 percent
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Drainage class: Well drained
vary in extent between delineations.
Permeability: From 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate)
Ecosystem site number: R040XD410AZ
Available water capacity total inches: 6.0
Present native vegetation: creosotebush, white
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
bursage, white ratany, big galleta, littleleaf palo
Flooding hazard: None
verde, white brittlebush
Runoff class: Low
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
Hydrologic group: B
Major Land Resource Area: 31; Lower Colorado Desert Typical Profile
Land capability (irrigated): 3w
A—0 to 2 inches; very cobbly sandy loam
Typical Profile BA—2 to 11 inches; very gravelly sandy loam
Bk—11 to 60 inches; very gravelly loamy sand
Az—0 to 2 inches; silt loam
Cz—2 to 26 inches; silt loam
C—26 to 60 inches; fine sand 101—Riverbend very cobbly sandy loam,
2 to 15 percent slopes
100—Riverbend family very cobbly sandy Map Unit Setting
loam, 2 to 15 percent slopes
Landform: fan terraces
Elevation: 550 to 2,000 feet (168 to 610 meters)
Map Unit Setting
Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 6 inches (76 to 152
Landform: fan terraces millimeters)
Elevation: 1,250 to 1,600 feet (381 to 488 meters) Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F. (21
Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 7 inches (76 to 178 to 23 degrees C.)
millimeters) Mean annual soil temperature: 72 to 76 degrees F. (23
Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F. (21 to 25 degrees C.)
to 23 degrees C.) Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days
Mean annual soil temperature: 72 to 76 degrees F. (23
Map Unit Composition
to 25 degrees C.)
Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days Riverbend and similar soils: 75 percent
Minor components: 25 percent
Map Unit Composition
Properties and Qualities
Riverbend family and similar soils: 75 percent
Minor components: 25 percent
Riverbend soils
Properties and Qualities
Taxonomic Classification: Sandy-skeletal, mixed,
hyperthermic Typic Haplocalcids
Riverbend family soils
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Taxonomic Classification: Sandy-skeletal, mixed, sources
hyperthermic Typic Haplocalcids Slope: 2 to 15 percent
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock Drainage class: Excessively drained
sources Permeability: From 6.0 to 20 in/hr (rapid)
Slope: 2 to 15 percent Available water capacity total inches: 2.6
Drainage class: Excessively drained Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Permeability: From 6.0 to 20 in/hr (rapid) Flooding hazard: None
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 79
Runoff class: Low Land Resource Unit: 38-1AZ; Mogollon Transition
Hydrologic group: A Interior Chaparral, Grassland, and Pinyon-Juniper
Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert Savannah
Land Resource Unit: 30-1AZ; Lower Mohave Desert Ecological site name: Sandy Bottom 12-16" p.z.
Ecological site name: Limy Upland 3-6" p.z. Deep Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and vary in extent between delineations.
vary in extent between delineations. Ecosystem site number: R038XA111AZ
Ecosystem site number: R030XA109AZ Present native vegetation: western wheatgrass,
Present native vegetation: creosotebush, white Fremont cottonwood, burrobush, netleaf hackberry,
bursage, Mediterranean grass, Nevada Mormon sand dropseed, seep willow, sideoats grama,
tea, white ratany skunkbush sumac, spike dropseed, vine mesquite,
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c western bottlebrush grass, willow
Land capability (nonirrigated): 6c
Typical Profile
Typical Profile
A—0 to 2 inches; very cobbly sandy loam
Bw—2 to 7 inches; very gravelly sandy loam Soils in this landscape position are highly variable with
Bk—7 to 60 inches; very gravelly loamy sand respect to depth, texture, color, and/or chemical
properties. Therefore, physical and chemical properties
of specific horizons are not given, and interpretations
102—Riverwash-Fluvaquents association, such as erodibility are not determined. The taxonomic
0 to 3 percent slopes unit description is representative of what may be found
in this landscape position.
Map Unit Setting
Landform: flood plains 103—Rock outcrop-Hyder complex, 35 to
Elevation: 3,700 to 3,800 feet (1,128 to 1,158 meters) 65 percent slopes
Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 16 inches (305 to 406
millimeters)
Map Unit Setting
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 61 degrees F. (15
to 16 degrees C.) Landform: hills
Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 63 degrees F. (17 Elevation: 500 to 2,600 feet (152 to 792 meters)
to 18 degrees C.) Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 7 inches (76 to 178
Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days millimeters)
Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F. (21
Map Unit Composition
to 23 degrees C.)
Riverwash: 70 percent Mean annual soil temperature: 72 to 76 degrees F. (23
Fluvaquents and similar soils: 20 percent to 25 degrees C.)
Minor components: 10 percent Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days
Properties and Qualities Map Unit Composition
Rock outcrop: 45 percent
Riverwash
Hyder and similar soils: 40 percent
Barren fluvial channels, usually coarse-textured, Minor components: 15 percent
exposed along narrow drainageways, subject to shifting
Properties and Qualities
during flood events.
Fluvaquents soils Rock outcrop
Taxonomic Classification: Fluvaquents Exposures of bedrock, typically barren but may have
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock sparse vegetation growing in cracks and crevices or in
sources thin layers of alluvium or colluvium.
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Hyder soils
Drainage class: Moderately well drained
Flooding hazard: Frequent Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,
Hydrologic group: A superactive, calcareous, hyperthermic Lithic
Major Land Resource Area: 38; Mogollon Transition Torriorthents
80 Soil Survey
Parent Material: Alluvium and/or colluvium derived Properties and Qualities
from volcanic rock
Slope: 35 to 65 percent Rock outcrop
Surface fragments: About 9 percent stones
Exposures of bedrock, typically barren but may have
Depth to restrictive feature: 4 to 20 inches to bedrock
sparse vegetation growing in cracks and crevices or in
(lithic)
thin layers of alluvium or colluvium.
Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Permeability: From 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate) Razorback soils
Available water capacity total inches: 0.4
Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
superactive, calcareous, thermic Lithic
Flooding hazard: None
Torriorthents
Runoff class: Very high
Parent Material: Alluvium and/or colluvium derived
Hydrologic group: D
from igneous rock
Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and
Slope: 20 to 70 percent
Range
Depth to restrictive feature: 4 to 20 inches to bedrock
Land Resource Unit: 40-4AZ; Lower Sonoran Desert
(lithic)
Ecological site name: Volcanic Hills 2-7" p.z.
Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Permeability: From 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate)
vary in extent between delineations.
Available water capacity total inches: 0.9
Ecosystem site number: R040XD422AZ
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Present native vegetation: white brittlebush, Nevada
Flooding hazard: None
Mormon tea, big galleta, bush muhly,
Runoff class: Very high
creosotebush, desert globemallow, littleleaf palo
Hydrologic group: D
verde, white bursage, white ratany
Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
Land Resource Unit: 30-2AZ; Middle Mohave Desert
Typical Profile Ecological site name: Andesite Hills 6-10" p.z.
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
A—0 to 2 inches; extremely stony loam
vary in extent between delineations.
Bw—2 to 7 inches; extremely cobbly loam
Ecosystem site number: R030XB220AZ
2R—7 inches; unweathered bedrock
Present native vegetation: flattop buckwheat, white
bursage, creosotebush, blackbrush
104—Rock outcrop-Razorback complex, Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
20 to 70 percent slopes Typical Profile
A—0 to 2 inches; very gravelly sandy loam
Map Unit Setting
C—2 to 15 inches; very gravelly loam
Landform: hills and mountains 2R—15 inches; unweathered bedrock
Elevation: 1,800 to 4,150 feet (549 to 1,265 meters)
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 9 inches (152 to 229
millimeters) 105—Rock outcrop-Sunrock complex, 35
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15 to 65 percent slopes
to 21 degrees C.)
Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17
Map Unit Setting
to 23 degrees C.)
Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days Landform: hills
Elevation: 1,150 to 3,000 feet (351 to 914 meters)
Map Unit Composition
Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 6 inches (76 to 152
Rock outcrop: 65 percent millimeters)
Razorback and similar soils: 30 percent Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F. (21
Minor components: 5 percent to 23 degrees C.)
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 81
Mean annual soil temperature: 72 to 76 degrees F. (23 2Cr—5 to 6 inches; weathered bedrock
to 25 degrees C.) 2R—6 inches; unweathered bedrock
Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days
Map Unit Composition
106—Romero-Chiricahua-Rock outcrop
Rock outcrop: 45 percent complex, 5 to 35 percent slopes
Sunrock and similar soils: 40 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
Map Unit Setting
Properties and Qualities
Landform: hills and mountains
Elevation: 3,400 to 5,600 feet (1,036 to 1,707 meters)
Rock outcrop
Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 16 inches (305 to 406
Exposures of bedrock, typically barren but may have millimeters)
sparse vegetation growing in cracks and crevices or in Mean annual air temperature: 57 to 61 degrees F. (14
thin layers of alluvium or colluvium. to 16 degrees C.)
Mean annual soil temperature: 59 to 63 degrees F. (16
Sunrock soils
to 18 degrees C.)
Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days
superactive, calcareous, hyperthermic Lithic
Map Unit Composition
Torriorthents
Parent Material: Colluvium over residuum weathered Romero and similar soils: 45 percent
from igneous and metamorphic rock Chiricahua and similar soils: 30 percent
Slope: 35 to 65 percent Rock outcrop: 20 percent
Surface fragments: About 9 percent stones Minor components: 5 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 4 to 20 inches to bedrock
Properties and Qualities
(paralithic); 4 to 20 inches to bedrock (lithic)
Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Romero soils
Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid)
Available water capacity total inches: 0.3 Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low) superactive, nonacid, thermic, shallow Ustic
Flooding hazard: None Torriorthents
Runoff class: Very high Parent Material: Alluvium derived from granite
Hydrologic group: D Slope: 5 to 35 percent
Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert Surface fragments: About 5 percent stones, about 20
Land Resource Unit: 30-1AZ; Lower Mohave Desert percent cobbles, about 40 percent gravel
Ecological site name: Volcanic Hills 3-6" p.z. Depth to restrictive feature: 6 to 20 inches to bedrock
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and (lithic)
vary in extent between delineations. Drainage class: Well drained
Ecosystem site number: R030XA118AZ Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid)
Present native vegetation: creosotebush, white Available water capacity total inches: 0.4
bursage, white brittlebush, bush encelia, desert Shrink-swell potential: About 4.5 LEP (moderate)
needlegrass, red brome, white ratany Flooding hazard: None
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c Runoff class: Very high
Hydrologic group: D
Typical Profile
Major Land Resource Area: 38; Mogollon Transition
A—0 to 2 inches; extremely gravelly fine sandy Land Resource Unit: 38-1AZ; Mogollon Transition
loam Interior Chaparral, Grassland, and Pinyon-Juniper
Bw—2 to 5 inches; very gravelly sandy loam Savannah
82 Soil Survey
Ecological site name: Granitic Hills 12-16" p.z. sparse vegetation growing in cracks and crevices or in
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and thin layers of alluvium or colluvium.
vary in extent between delineations.
Ecosystem site number: R038XA104AZ
Present native vegetation: turbinella oak, Utah juniper, 107—Romero-Lampshire-Rock outcrop
Eriogonum, singleleaf pinyon, Colorado pinyon complex, 35 to 70 percent slopes
Land capability (nonirrigated): 6c
Typical Profile Map Unit Setting
A—0 to 1 inches; extremely cobbly sandy loam Landform: hills and mountains
Bw—1 to 6 inches; very gravelly sandy clay loam Elevation: 3,400 to 6,000 feet (1,036 to 1,829 meters)
Cr—6 to 60 inches; weathered bedrock Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 16 inches (305 to 406
millimeters)
Chiricahua soils
Mean annual air temperature: 57 to 61 degrees F. (14
Taxonomic Classification: Clayey, mixed, superactive, to 16 degrees C.)
thermic, shallow Ustic Haplargids Mean annual soil temperature: 59 to 63 degrees F. (16
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from granite to 18 degrees C.)
Slope: 5 to 35 percent Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days
Surface fragments: About 10 percent cobbles, about
Map Unit Composition
40 percent gravel
Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock Romero and similar soils: 60 percent
(paralithic); 20 to 40 inches to bedrock (lithic) Lampshire and similar soils: 20 percent
Drainage class: Well drained Rock outcrop: 15 percent
Permeability: From 0.06 to 0.2 in/hr (slow) Minor components: 5 percent
Available water capacity total inches: 2.0
Properties and Qualities
Shrink-swell potential: About 7.5 LEP (high)
Flooding hazard: None
Romero soils
Runoff class: Very high
Hydrologic group: D Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,
Major Land Resource Area: 38; Mogollon Transition superactive, nonacid, thermic, shallow Ustic
Land Resource Unit: 38-1AZ; Mogollon Transition Torriorthents
Interior Chaparral, Grassland, and Pinyon-Juniper Parent Material: Alluvium derived from granite
Savannah Slope: 35 to 70 percent
Ecological site name: Granitic Hills 12-16" p.z. Surface fragments: About 30 percent cobbles, about
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and 20 percent gravel, about 10 percent stones
vary in extent between delineations. Depth to restrictive feature: 4 to 20 inches to bedrock
Ecosystem site number: R038XA104AZ (paralithic)
Present native vegetation: turbinella oak, Utah juniper, Drainage class: Well drained
Eriogonum, singleleaf pinyon, Colorado pinyon Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid)
Land capability (nonirrigated): 6c Available water capacity total inches: 0.4
Shrink-swell potential: About 4.5 LEP (moderate)
Typical Profile
Flooding hazard: None
A—0 to 1 inches; very gravelly sandy loam Runoff class: Very high
Bt1—1 to 6 inches; sandy clay Hydrologic group: D
Bt2—6 to 14 inches; sandy clay Major Land Resource Area: 38; Mogollon Transition
Bt3—14 to 16 inches; gravelly sandy clay Land Resource Unit: 38-1AZ; Mogollon Transition
2Cr—16 to 22 inches; weathered bedrock Interior Chaparral, Grassland, and Pinyon-Juniper
2R—22 inches; unweathered bedrock Savannah
Ecological site name: Granitic Hills 12-16" p.z.
Rock outcrop
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Exposures of bedrock, typically barren but may have vary in extent between delineations.
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 83
Ecosystem site number: R038XA104AZ sparse vegetation growing in cracks and crevices or in
Present native vegetation: birchleaf thin layers of alluvium or colluvium.
mountainmahogany, black grama, bush muhly,
desert ceanothus, shrubby buckwheat, sideoats
grama, turbinella oak 108—Rositas family, Superstition and
Land capability (nonirrigated): 6c Torriorthents soils, 1 to 60 percent
Typical Profile slopes
A—0 to 1 inches; extremely cobbly sandy loam
Map Unit Setting
Bw—1 to 6 inches; very gravelly sandy clay loam
2Cr—6 to 60 inches; weathered bedrock Landform: sand sheets and dunes and relic stream
terraces
Lampshire soils
Elevation: 450 to 950 feet (137 to 290 meters)
Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 7 inches (76 to 178
superactive, nonacid, thermic Lithic Ustic millimeters)
Torriorthents Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F. (21
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from granite to 23 degrees C.)
Slope: 35 to 70 percent Mean annual soil temperature: 72 to 76 degrees F. (23
Surface fragments: About 70 percent gravel to 25 degrees C.)
Depth to restrictive feature: 4 to 20 inches to bedrock Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days
(paralithic); 4 to 20 inches to bedrock (lithic)
Map Unit Composition
Drainage class: Well drained
Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid) Rositas family and similar soils: 40 percent
Available water capacity total inches: 0.4 Superstition and similar soils: 25 percent
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low) Torriorthents and similar soils: 25 percent
Flooding hazard: None Minor components: 10 percent
Runoff class: Very high
Properties and Qualities
Hydrologic group: D
Major Land Resource Area: 38; Mogollon Transition
Rositas family soils
Land Resource Unit: 38-1AZ; Mogollon Transition
Interior Chaparral, Grassland, and Pinyon-Juniper Taxonomic Classification: Mixed, hyperthermic Typic
Savannah Torripsamments
Ecological site name: Granitic Hills 12-16" p.z. Parent Material: Eolian sands
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and Slope: 5 to 30 percent
vary in extent between delineations. Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Ecosystem site number: R038XA104AZ Permeability: From 6.0 to 20 in/hr (rapid)
Present native vegetation: Wright silktassel, birchleaf Available water capacity total inches: 4.0
mountainmahogany, black grama, bush muhly, Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
desert ceanothus, desert needlegrass, pointleaf Flooding hazard: None
manzanita, shrubby buckwheat, sideoats grama, Runoff class: Low
single-leaf pinyon, turbinella oak Hydrologic group: A
Land capability (nonirrigated): 6c Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and
Range
Typical Profile
Land Resource Unit: 40-4AZ; Lower Sonoran Desert
A—0 to 1 inches; gravelly coarse sandy loam Ecological site name: Deep Sand 2-7" p.z.
C—1 to 6 inches; very gravelly sandy loam Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Cr—6 to 17 inches; weathered bedrock vary in extent between delineations.
R—17 inches; unweathered bedrock Ecosystem site number: R040XD423AZ
Present native vegetation: big galleta, creosotebush,
Rock outcrop
white bursage, birdcage eveningprimrose
Exposures of bedrock, typically barren but may have Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
84 Soil Survey
Typical Profile such as erodibility are not determined. The taxonomic
unit description is representative of what may be found
C1—0 to 17 inches; fine sand
in this landscape position.
C2—17 to 60 inches; sand
Superstition soils
109—Rositas, Superstition family and
Taxonomic Classification: Sandy, mixed, hyperthermic Torriorthents soils, 1 to 60 percent
Typic Haplocalcids
Parent Material: Eolian sands
slopes
Slope: 1 to 10 percent
Map Unit Setting
Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Permeability: From 6.0 to 20 in/hr (rapid) Landform: sand sheets and dunes, stream terrace, and
Available water capacity total inches: 3.6 fan terrace
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low) Elevation: 500 to 1,600 feet (152 to 488 meters)
Flooding hazard: None Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 6 inches (76 to 152
Runoff class: Low millimeters)
Hydrologic group: A Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F. (21
Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and to 23 degrees C.)
Range Mean annual soil temperature: 72 to 76 degrees F. (23
Land Resource Unit: 40-4AZ; Lower Sonoran Desert to 25 degrees C.)
Ecological site name: Limy Fan 2-7" p.z. Sandy Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Map Unit Composition
vary in extent between delineations.
Ecosystem site number: R040XD406AZ Rositas and similar soils: 40 percent
Present native vegetation: big galleta, white bursage, Superstition family and similar soils: 25 percent
creosotebush, white ratany Torriorthents and similar soils: 20 percent
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c Minor components: 15 percent
Typical Profile Properties and Qualities
A—0 to 1 inches; gravelly fine sand
Rositas soils
Bw—1 to 7 inches; fine sand
Bk—7 to 60 inches; fine sand Taxonomic Classification: Mixed, hyperthermic Typic
Torripsamments
Torriorthents soils
Parent Material: Eolian sands
Taxonomic Classification: Torriorthents Slope: 5 to 30 percent
Parent Material: Lacustrine deposits Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Slope: 25 to 60 percent Permeability: From 6.0 to 20 in/hr (rapid)
Depth to restrictive feature: 4 to 60 inches to bedrock Available water capacity total inches: 4.2
(lithic) Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Drainage class: Well drained Flooding hazard: None
Flooding hazard: None Runoff class: Very low
Hydrologic group: D Hydrologic group: A
Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert
Range Land Resource Unit: 30-1AZ; Lower Mohave
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c Desert
Ecological site name: Sandy Upland 3-6" p.z.
Typical Profile
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Soils in this landscape position are highly variable with vary in extent between delineations.
respect to depth, texture, color, and/or chemical Ecosystem site number: R030XA113AZ
properties. Therefore, physical and chemical properties Present native vegetation: big galleta, creosotebush,
of specific horizons are not given, and interpretations white bursage, white ratany
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 85
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c of specific horizons are not given, and interpretations
such as erodibility are not determined. The taxonomic
Typical Profile
unit description is representative of what may be found
A—0 to 1 inches; sand in this landscape position.
C—1 to 60 inches; sand
Superstition family soils
110—Stagecoach very gravelly loam, 2 to
Taxonomic Classification: Sandy, mixed, hyperthermic 15 percent slopes
Typic Haplocalcids
Parent Material: Eolian sands
Map Unit Setting
Slope: 1 to 10 percent
Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained Landform: fan terraces
Permeability: From 6.0 to 20 in/hr (rapid) Elevation: 1,800 to 2,200 feet (549 to 671 meters)
Available water capacity total inches: 3.6 Mean annual precipitation: 7 to 10 inches (178 to 254
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low) millimeters)
Flooding hazard: None Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15
Runoff class: Very low to 21 degrees C.)
Hydrologic group: A Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17
Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert to 23 degrees C.)
Land Resource Unit: 30-1AZ; Lower Mohave Desert Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days
Ecological site name: Limy Fan 3-6" p.z. Sandy
Map Unit Composition
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
vary in extent between delineations. Stagecoach and similar soils: 75 percent
Ecosystem site number: R030XA121AZ Minor components: 25 percent
Present native vegetation: white bursage,
Properties and Qualities
creosotebush, big galleta, white ratany
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
Stagecoach soils
Typical Profile
Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,
A—0 to 2 inches; fine sand superactive, thermic Typic Haplocalcids
Bk1—2 to 35 inches; fine sand Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Bk2—35 to 60 inches; fine sand sources
Slope: 2 to 15 percent
Torriorthents soils
Drainage class: Well drained
Taxonomic Classification: Torriorthents Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid)
Parent Material: Lacustrine deposits Available water capacity total inches: 4.8
Slope: 25 to 60 percent Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Depth to restrictive feature: 4 to 60 inches to bedrock Flooding hazard: None
(lithic) Runoff class: Low
Drainage class: Well drained Hydrologic group: B
Flooding hazard: None Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and
Hydrologic group: D Range
Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert Land Resource Unit: 40-3AZ; Sonoran-Mohave Desert
Land Resource Unit: 30-1AZ; Lower Mohave Desert Transition
Ecological site name: Breaks 3-6" p.z. Ecological site name: Sandy Loam Slopes 7-10" p.z.
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and Limy
vary in extent between delineations. Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Ecosystem site number: R030XA102AZ vary in extent between delineations.
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c Ecosystem site number: R040XC310AZ
Present native vegetation: big galleta, creosotebush,
Typical Profile
black grama, bush muhly, buckhorn cholla,
Soils in this landscape position are highly variable with littleleaf palo verde, ocotillo, range ratany, white
respect to depth, texture, color, and/or chemical brittlebush, white bursage
properties. Therefore, physical and chemical properties Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
86 Soil Survey
Typical Profile littleleaf palo verde, ocotillo, range ratany, white
brittlebush, white bursage
A—0 to 2 inches; very gravelly loam
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
Bw—2 to 19 inches; gravelly loam
Bk—19 to 60 inches; very gravelly sandy loam Typical Profile
A—0 to 2 inches; very gravelly loam
111—Stagecoach very gravelly loam, 10 Bw—2 to 19 inches; gravelly loam
to 40 percent slopes Bk—19 to 60 inches; very gravelly sandy loam
Map Unit Setting
112—Stagecoach very gravelly sandy
Landform: fan terraces loam, 5 to 35 percent slopes
Elevation: 1,800 to 2,500 feet (549 to 762 meters)
Mean annual precipitation: 7 to 10 inches (178 to 254
Map Unit Setting
millimeters)
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15 Landform: fan terraces
to 21 degrees C.) Elevation: 1,900 to 3,700 feet (579 to 1,128 meters)
Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17 Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 12 inches (254 to 305
to 23 degrees C.) millimeters)
Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15
to 21 degrees C.)
Map Unit Composition
Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17
Stagecoach and similar soils: 85 percent to 23 degrees C.)
Minor components: 15 percent Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days
Properties and Qualities Map Unit Composition
Stagecoach and similar soils: 80 percent
Stagecoach soils
Minor components: 20 percent
Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,
Properties and Qualities
superactive, thermic Typic Haplocalcids
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Stagecoach soils
sources
Slope: 10 to 40 percent Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,
Drainage class: Well drained superactive, thermic Typic Haplocalcids
Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid) Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Available water capacity total inches: 4.8 sources
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low) Slope: 5 to 35 percent
Flooding hazard: None Drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: High Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid)
Hydrologic group: B Available water capacity total inches: 4.8
Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Range Flooding hazard: None
Land Resource Unit: 40-3AZ; Sonoran-Mohave Desert Runoff class: High
Transition Hydrologic group: B
Ecological site name: Sandy Loam Slopes 7-10" p.z. Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and
Limy Range
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and Land Resource Unit: 40-3AZ; Sonoran-Mohave Desert
vary in extent between delineations. Transition
Ecosystem site number: R040XC310AZ Ecological site name: Loamy Upland 10-12" p.z. Limy
Present native vegetation: big galleta, creosotebush, Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
black grama, bush muhly, buckhorn cholla, vary in extent between delineations.
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 87
Ecosystem site number: R040XC337AZ Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Present native vegetation: big galleta, black grama, vary in extent between delineations.
bush muhly, Nevada Mormon tea, broom Ecosystem site number: R040XC310AZ
snakeweed, creosotebush, goldenhead, littleleaf Present native vegetation: creosotebush, white
palo verde, range ratany, white bursage bursage, littleleaf palo verde, Nevada Mormon tea,
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c big galleta, buckhorn cholla, bush muhly, white
ratany
Typical Profile
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
A—0 to 2 inches; very gravelly sandy loam
Typical Profile
Bw—2 to 19 inches; gravelly loam
Bk—19 to 60 inches; very gravelly sandy loam A—0 to 2 inches; very gravelly sandy loam
Bw—2 to 19 inches; gravelly loam
Bk—19 to 60 inches; very gravelly sandy loam
113—Stagecoach very gravelly sandy
loam, dry, 5 to 35 percent slopes
114—Stagecoach-Topawa family-Eba
Map Unit Setting complex, 10 to 50 percent slopes
Landform: fan terraces
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 1,800 to 2,800 feet (549 to 853 meters)
Mean annual precipitation: 7 to 10 inches (178 to 254 Landform: fan terraces
millimeters) Elevation: 2,000 to 4,400 feet (610 to 1,341 meters)
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15 Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 12 inches (254 to 305
to 21 degrees C.) millimeters)
Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17 Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15
to 23 degrees C.) to 21 degrees C.)
Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17
to 23 degrees C.)
Map Unit Composition
Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days
Stagecoach and similar soils: 80 percent
Map Unit Composition
Minor components: 20 percent
Stagecoach and similar soils: 35 percent
Properties and Qualities
Topawa family and similar soils: 30 percent
Eba and similar soils: 25 percent
Stagecoach soils
Minor components: 10 percent
Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,
Properties and Qualities
superactive, thermic Typic Haplocalcids
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Stagecoach soils
sources
Slope: 5 to 35 percent Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,
Drainage class: Well drained superactive, thermic Typic Haplocalcids
Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid) Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Available water capacity total inches: 4.8 sources
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low) Slope: 15 to 50 percent
Flooding hazard: None Drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: High Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid)
Hydrologic group: B Available water capacity total inches: 4.7
Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Range Flooding hazard: None
Land Resource Unit: 40-3AZ; Sonoran-Mohave Desert Runoff class: Medium
Transition Hydrologic group: B
Ecological site name: Sandy Loam Slopes 7-10" p.z. Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and
Limy Range
88 Soil Survey
Land Resource Unit: 40-3AZ; Sonoran-Mohave Desert 2Btb—58 to 60 inches; very gravelly sandy clay
Transition loam
Ecological site name: Loamy Upland 10-12" p.z. Limy
Eba soils
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
vary in extent between delineations. Taxonomic Classification: Clayey-skeletal, mixed,
Ecosystem site number: R040XC337AZ superactive, thermic Typic Haplargids
Present native vegetation: big galleta, black grama, Parent Material: Alluvium and/or colluvium derived
bush muhly, Nevada Mormon tea, broom from metamorphic rock
snakeweed, creosotebush, goldenhead, littleleaf Slope: 10 to 25 percent
palo verde, range ratany, white bursage Drainage class: Well drained
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c Permeability: From 0.06 to 0.2 in/hr (slow)
Available water capacity total inches: 3.3
Typical Profile
Shrink-swell potential: About 4.5 LEP (moderate)
A—0 to 2 inches; very gravelly loamy sand Flooding hazard: None
Bw—2 to 19 inches; gravelly loam Runoff class: High
Bk—19 to 60 inches; very gravelly sandy loam Hydrologic group: C
Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and
Topawa family soils
Range
Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, Land Resource Unit: 40-3AZ; Sonoran-Mohave Desert
superactive, thermic Typic Haplargids Transition
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from igneous and Ecological site name: Clay Loam Upland 10-12" p.z.
metamorphic rock Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Slope: 10 to 50 percent vary in extent between delineations.
Drainage class: Well drained Ecosystem site number: R040XC334AZ
Permeability: From 0.2 to 0.6 in/hr (moderately slow) Present native vegetation: black grama, Eastern
Available water capacity total inches: 3.4 Mojave wild buckwheat, big galleta, bush muhly,
Shrink-swell potential: About 4.5 LEP (moderate) tobosa, canotia, false mesquite, littleleaf palo
Flooding hazard: None verde, range ratany, turpentine bush
Runoff class: High Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
Hydrologic group: C
Typical Profile
Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and
Range A—0 to 1 inches; very gravelly sandy loam
Land Resource Unit: 40-3AZ; Sonoran-Mohave Desert Bt—1 to 28 inches; very gravelly sandy clay
Transition BC—28 to 38 inches; very gravelly sandy clay
Ecological site name: Loamy Upland 10-12" p.z. Limy loam
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and C—38 to 60 inches; very gravelly sandy loam
vary in extent between delineations.
Ecosystem site number: R040XC337AZ
Present native vegetation: big galleta, black grama, 115—Stagecoach-Topawa family-Eba
bush muhly, Nevada Mormon tea, broom complex, dry, 10 to 50 percent slopes
snakeweed, creosotebush, goldenhead, littleleaf
palo verde, range ratany, white bursage
Map Unit Setting
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
Landform: fan terraces
Typical Profile
Elevation: 1,800 to 2,750 feet (549 to 838 meters)
A—0 to 2 inches; very gravelly sandy loam Mean annual precipitation: 7 to 10 inches (178 to 254
Bt—2 to 23 inches; extremely cobbly sandy clay millimeters)
loam Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15
BC—23 to 58 inches; very gravelly sandy loam to 21 degrees C.)
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 89
Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17 Available water capacity total inches: 3.4
to 23 degrees C.) Shrink-swell potential: About 4.5 LEP (moderate)
Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days Flooding hazard: None
Runoff class: High
Map Unit Composition
Hydrologic group: C
Stagecoach and similar soils: 35 percent Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and
Topawa family and similar soils: 30 percent Range
Eba and similar soils: 25 percent Land Resource Unit: 40-3AZ; Sonoran-Mohave Desert
Minor components: 10 percent Transition
Ecological site name: Sandy Loam Slopes 7-10" p.z.
Properties and Qualities
Limy
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Stagecoach soils
vary in extent between delineations.
Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, Ecosystem site number: R040XC310AZ
superactive, thermic Typic Haplocalcids Present native vegetation: big galleta, creosotebush,
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock black grama, bush muhly, buckhorn cholla,
sources littleleaf palo verde, ocotillo, range ratany, white
Slope: 15 to 50 percent brittlebush, white bursage
Drainage class: Well drained Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid)
Typical Profile
Available water capacity total inches: 4.7
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low) A—0 to 2 inches; very gravelly sandy loam
Flooding hazard: None Bt—2 to 23 inches; extremely cobbly sandy clay
Runoff class: Medium loam
Hydrologic group: B BC—23 to 58 inches; very gravelly sandy loam
Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and 2Btb—58 to 60 inches; very gravelly sandy clay
Range loam
Land Resource Unit: 40-3AZ; Sonoran-Mohave Desert
Eba soils
Transition
Ecological site name: Sandy Loam Slopes 7-10" p.z. Taxonomic Classification: Clayey-skeletal, mixed,
Limy superactive, thermic Typic Haplargids
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and Parent Material: Alluvium and/or colluvium derived
vary in extent between delineations. from metamorphic rock
Ecosystem site number: R040XC310AZ Slope: 10 to 25 percent
Present native vegetation: big galleta, creosotebush, Drainage class: Well drained
black grama, bush muhly, buckhorn cholla, Permeability: From 0.06 to 0.2 in/hr (slow)
littleleaf palo verde, ocotillo, range ratany, white Available water capacity total inches: 3.3
brittlebush, white bursage Shrink-swell potential: About 4.5 LEP (moderate)
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c Flooding hazard: None
Runoff class: High
Typical Profile
Hydrologic group: C
A—0 to 2 inches; very gravelly loamy sand Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and
Bw—2 to 19 inches; gravelly loam Range
Bk—19 to 60 inches; very gravelly sandy loam Land Resource Unit: 40-3AZ; Sonoran-Mohave Desert
Transition
Topawa family soils
Ecological site name: Clay Loam Upland 7-10" p.z.
Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
superactive, thermic Typic Haplargids vary in extent between delineations.
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from igneous and Ecosystem site number: R040XC305AZ
metamorphic rock Present native vegetation: big galleta, tobosa,
Slope: 10 to 50 percent Nevada Mormon tea, black grama, bush
Drainage class: Well drained muhly, littleleaf palo verde, range ratany,
Permeability: From 0.2 to 0.6 in/hr (moderately slow) white bursage
90 Soil Survey
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c Typical Profile
Typical Profile A—0 to 2 inches; extremely gravelly sandy loam
Bw—2 to 5 inches; very gravelly sandy loam
A—0 to 1 inches; very gravelly sandy loam
2R—5 inches; unweathered bedrock
Bt—1 to 28 inches; very gravelly sandy clay
BC—28 to 38 inches; very gravelly sandy clay
loam
C—38 to 60 inches; very gravelly sandy loam 117—Sunrock-Rock outcrop complex, 30
to 65 percent slopes
116—Sunrock extremely gravelly sandy Map Unit Setting
loam, 15 to 35 percent slopes
Landform: hills and mountains
Elevation: 1,850 to 2,800 feet (564 to 853 meters)
Map Unit Setting
Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 6 inches (76 to 152
Landform: hills millimeters)
Elevation: 1,350 to 3,000 feet (411 to 914 meters) Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F. (21
Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 6 inches (76 to 152 to 23 degrees C.)
millimeters) Mean annual soil temperature: 72 to 76 degrees F. (23
Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 78 degrees F. (21 to 25 degrees C.)
to 26 degrees C.) Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days
Mean annual soil temperature: 72 to 80 degrees F. (23
Map Unit Composition
to 28 degrees C.)
Frost-free period: 250 to 340 days Sunrock and similar soils: 70 percent
Rock outcrop: 20 percent
Map Unit Composition
Minor components: 10 percent
Sunrock and similar soils: 90 percent
Properties and Qualities
Minor components: 10 percent
Properties and Qualities Sunrock soils
Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,
Sunrock soils
superactive, calcareous, hyperthermic Lithic
Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, Torriorthents
superactive, calcareous, hyperthermic Lithic Parent Material: Colluvium over residuum weathered
Torriorthents from igneous and metamorphic rock
Parent Material: Colluvium derived from volcanic rock Slope: 30 to 65 percent
Slope: 15 to 35 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 4 to 20 inches to bedrock
Depth to restrictive feature: 4 to 20 inches to bedrock (paralithic); 4 to 20 inches to bedrock (lithic)
(lithic) Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid)
Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid) Available water capacity total inches: 0.3
Available water capacity total inches: 0.3 Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low) Flooding hazard: None
Flooding hazard: None Runoff class: Very high
Runoff class: Very high Hydrologic group: D
Hydrologic group: D Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert
Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert Land Resource Unit: 30-1AZ; Lower Mohave Desert
Land Resource Unit: 30-1AZ; Lower Mohave Desert Ecological site name: Volcanic Hills 3-6" p.z.
Ecological site name: Volcanic Hills 3-6" p.z. Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and vary in extent between delineations.
vary in extent between delineations. Ecosystem site number: R030XA118AZ
Ecosystem site number: R030XA118AZ Present native vegetation: creosotebush, white
Present native vegetation: creosotebush, white bursage, bush encelia, white brittlebush, white
brittlebush, white bursage ratany
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 91
Typical Profile Ecosystem site number: R038XA106AZ
Present native vegetation: black grama, sideoats
A—0 to 2 inches; extremely gravelly sandy loam
grama, needle and thread, desert ceanothus,
Bw—2 to 5 inches; very gravelly sandy loam
muttongrass, range ratany, slim tridens, turbinella
2Cr—5 to 6 inches; weathered bedrock
oak, western bottlebrush grass
2R—6 inches; unweathered bedrock
Land capability (nonirrigated): 6c
Rock outcrop
Typical Profile
Exposures of bedrock, typically barren but may have
A—0 to 1 inches; extremely cobbly loam
sparse vegetation growing in cracks and crevices or in
Bw—1 to 4 inches; very gravelly loam
thin layers of alluvium or colluvium.
Bk—4 to 60 inches; very gravelly loam
Caralampi soils
118—Tombstone-Caralampi-Eloma
complex, 10 to 50 percent slopes Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,
superactive, thermic Ustic Haplargids
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from granite
Map Unit Setting
Slope: 15 to 50 percent
Landform: fan terraces Drainage class: Well drained
Elevation: 3,200 to 4,800 feet (975 to 1,463 meters) Permeability: From 0.2 to 0.6 in/hr (moderately slow)
Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 16 inches (305 to 406 Available water capacity total inches: 3.9
millimeters) Shrink-swell potential: About 4.5 LEP (moderate)
Mean annual air temperature: 57 to 61 degrees F. (14 Flooding hazard: None
to 16 degrees C.) Runoff class: High
Mean annual soil temperature: 59 to 63 degrees F. (16 Hydrologic group: C
to 18 degrees C.) Major Land Resource Area: 38; Mogollon Transition
Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Land Resource Unit: 38-1AZ; Mogollon Transition
Interior Chaparral, Grassland, and Pinyon-Juniper
Map Unit Composition
Savannah
Tombstone and similar soils: 35 percent Ecological site name: Limy Upland 12-16" p.z.
Caralampi and similar soils: 30 percent Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Eloma and similar soils: 25 percent vary in extent between delineations.
Minor components: 10 percent Ecosystem site number: R038XA106AZ
Present native vegetation: black grama, sideoats
Properties and Qualities
grama, needle and thread, desert ceanothus,
muttongrass, range ratany, slim tridens, turbinella
Tombstone soils
oak
Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, Land capability (nonirrigated): 6c
superactive, thermic Ustic Haplocalcids
Typical Profile
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from granite
Slope: 15 to 50 percent A—0 to 3 inches; very gravelly loamy sand
Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained Bt1—3 to 18 inches; very gravelly sandy clay loam
Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid) Bt2—18 to 50 inches; very gravelly sandy loam
Available water capacity total inches: 3.6 2C—50 to 58 inches; gravelly loamy sand
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low) 3Bkb—58 to 60 inches; gravelly loam
Flooding hazard: None
Eloma soils
Runoff class: Medium
Hydrologic group: B Taxonomic Classification: Clayey-skeletal, mixed,
Major Land Resource Area: 38; Mogollon Transition superactive, thermic Ustic Haplargids
Land Resource Unit: 38-1AZ; Mogollon Transition Parent Material: Alluvium derived from granite
Interior Chaparral, Grassland, and Pinyon-Juniper Slope: 10 to 25 percent
Savannah Drainage class: Well drained
Ecological site name: Limy Upland 12-16" p.z. Permeability: From 0.06 to 0.2 in/hr (slow)
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and Available water capacity total inches: 3.8
vary in extent between delineations. Shrink-swell potential: About 7.5 LEP (high)
92 Soil Survey
Flooding hazard: None Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and
Runoff class: Medium Range
Hydrologic group: D Land Resource Unit: 40-3AZ; Sonoran-Mohave Desert
Major Land Resource Area: 38; Mogollon Transition Transition
Land Resource Unit: 38-1AZ; Mogollon Transition Ecological site name: Loamy Breaks 10-12" p.z.
Interior Chaparral, Grassland, and Pinyon-Juniper Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Savannah vary in extent between delineations.
Ecological site name: Clay Loam Upland 12-16" p.z. Ecosystem site number: R040XC336AZ
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
vary in extent between delineations.
Typical Profile
Ecosystem site number: R038XA103AZ
Present native vegetation: sideoats grama, western Soils in this landscape position are highly variable with
bottlebrush grass, black grama, blue grama, desert respect to depth, texture, color, and/or chemical
ceanothus, false mesquite, muttongrass, range properties. Therefore, physical and chemical properties
ratany, rough menodora, turbinella oak, western of specific horizons are not given, and interpretations
wheatgrass such as erodibility are not determined. The taxonomic
Land capability (nonirrigated): 6c unit description is representative of what may be found
in this landscape position.
Typical Profile
A—0 to 1 inches; very cobbly sandy loam
Bw—1 to 3 inches; very cobbly sandy clay loam 120—Torriorthents, dry, 35 to 65 percent
Bt1—3 to 40 inches; very cobbly clay slopes
Bt2—40 to 60 inches; extremely cobbly sandy clay
Map Unit Setting
119—Torriorthents, 35 to 65 percent Landform: hills and fan terraces
slopes Elevation: 1,800 to 2,800 feet (549 to 2,800 meters)
Mean annual precipitation: 7 to 10 inches (178 to 254
millimeters)
Map Unit Setting
Mean annual air temperature: 57 to 64 degrees F. (14
Landform: hills and fan terraces to 18 degrees C.)
Elevation: 2,400 to 3,800 feet (732 to 1,158 meters) Mean annual soil temperature: 59 to 66 degrees F. (16
Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 12 inches (254 to 305 to 20 degrees C.)
millimeters) Frost-free period: 200 to 230 days
Mean annual air temperature: 57 to 64 degrees F. (14
Map Unit Composition
to 18 degrees C.)
Mean annual soil temperature: 59 to 66 degrees F. (16 Torriorthents and similar soils: 75 percent
to 20 degrees C.) Minor components: 25 percent
Frost-free period: 200 to 230 days
Properties and Qualities
Map Unit Composition
Torriorthents soils
Torriorthents and similar soils: 75 percent
Minor components: 25 percent Taxonomic Classification: Torriorthents
Slope: 35 to 65 percent
Properties and Qualities
Depth to restrictive feature: 4 to 60 inches to bedrock
(lithic)
Torriorthents soils
Drainage class: Well drained
Taxonomic Classification: Torriorthents Flooding hazard: None
Slope: 35 to 65 percent Hydrologic group: D
Depth to restrictive feature: 4 to 60 inches to bedrock Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and
(lithic) Range
Drainage class: Well drained Land Resource Unit: 40-3AZ; Sonoran-Mohave Desert
Flooding hazard: None Transition
Hydrologic group: D Ecological site name: Loamy Breaks 7-10" p.z.
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 93
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert
vary in extent between delineations. Land Resource Unit: 30-3AZ; Upper Mohave Desert
Ecosystem site number: R040XC302AZ Ecological site name: Limy Upland 10-13" p.z.
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
vary in extent between delineations.
Typical Profile
Ecosystem site number: R030XC311AZ
Soils in this landscape position are highly variable with Present native vegetation: Juniperus, broom
respect to depth, texture, color, and/or chemical snakeweed, Yucca
properties. Therefore, physical and chemical properties Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
of specific horizons are not given, and interpretations
Typical Profile
such as erodibility are not determined. The taxonomic
unit description is representative of what may be found A—0 to 3 inches; very cobbly loam
in this landscape position. Bk—3 to 10 inches; extremely gravelly loam
2Bkqm—10 to 12 inches; indurated
3R—12 inches; unweathered bedrock
121—Tumarion very cobbly loam, 2 to 15
percent slopes
122—Tumarion very cobbly loam, dry, 2 to
Map Unit Setting 15 percent slopes
Landform: mesas
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 2,400 to 4,600 feet (732 to 1,402 meters)
Mean annual precipitation: 9 to 12 inches (229 to 305 Landform: plateaus and mesas
millimeters) Elevation: 2,200 to 3,800 feet (671 to 1,158 meters)
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15 Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 9 inches (152 to 229
to 21 degrees C.) millimeters)
Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (16 Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15
to 23 degrees C.) to 21 degrees C.)
Frost-free period: 190 to 250 days Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (16
to 23 degrees C.)
Map Unit Composition
Frost-free period: 190 to 250 days
Tumarion and similar soils: 85 percent
Map Unit Composition
Minor components: 15 percent
Tumarion and similar soils: 85 percent
Properties and Qualities
Minor components: 15 percent
Tumarion soils Properties and Qualities
Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,
Tumarion soils
superactive, thermic, shallow Typic Haplodurids
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from volcanic rock Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,
Slope: 2 to 15 percent superactive, thermic, shallow Typic Haplodurids
Surface fragments: About 30 percent cobbles, about Parent Material: Alluvium derived from volcanic rock
25 percent gravel Slope: 2 to 15 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 5 to 18 inches to duripan; 7 Depth to restrictive feature: 5 to 18 inches to duripan; 7
to 20 inches to bedrock (lithic) to 20 inches to bedrock (lithic)
Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained Drainage class: Well drained
Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid) Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid)
Available water capacity total inches: 0.5 Available water capacity total inches: 0.5
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low) Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Flooding hazard: None Flooding hazard: None
Runoff class: Very high Runoff class: Very high
Hydrologic group: D Hydrologic group: D
94 Soil Survey
Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert
Land Resource Unit: 30-2AZ; Middle Mohave Desert Land Resource Unit: 30-1AZ; Lower Mohave Desert
Ecological site name: Limy Upland 6-10" p.z. Ecological site name: Sandy Loam Hills 3-6" p.z. Limy,
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and Gravelly, Shallow
vary in extent between delineations. Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Ecosystem site number: R030XB214AZ vary in extent between delineations.
Present native vegetation: creosotebush, white Ecosystem site number: R030XA120AZ
bursage, red brome, Mojave yucca, goldenhead Present native vegetation: creosotebush, blond
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c plantain, white brittlebush, red brome, white ratany
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
Typical Profile
Typical Profile
A—0 to 3 inches; very cobbly loam
Bk—3 to 10 inches; extremely gravelly loam A—0 to 1 inches; extremely stony sandy loam
2Bkqm—10 to 12 inches; indurated Bw—1 to 6 inches; very gravelly sandy loam
3R—12 inches; unweathered bedrock Bk—6 to 9 inches; very gravelly coarse sandy
loam
Bkqm—9 inches; indurated
123—Tyro extremely stony sandy loam, 3
to 35 percent slopes
124—Tyro very stony loam, 2 to 10
Map Unit Setting percent slopes
Landform: pediments
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 1,000 to 2,000 feet (305 to 610 meters)
Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 6 inches (76 to 152 Landform: pediments
millimeters) Elevation: 900 to 3,000 feet (274 to 914 meters)
Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F. (21 Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 6 inches (76 to 152
to 23 degrees C.) millimeters)
Mean annual soil temperature: 72 to 76 degrees F. (23 Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F. (21
to 25 degrees C.) to 23 degrees C.)
Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days Mean annual soil temperature: 72 to 76 degrees F. (23
to 25 degrees C.)
Map Unit Composition
Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days
Tyro and similar soils: 90 percent
Map Unit Composition
Minor components: 10 percent
Tyro and similar soils: 85 percent
Properties and Qualities
Minor components: 15 percent
Tyro soils Properties and Qualities
Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,
Tyro soils
superactive, hyperthermic, shallow Typic
Haplodurids Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,
Parent Material: Alluvium and/or colluvium derived superactive, hyperthermic, shallow Typic
from metamorphic rock Haplodurids
Slope: 3 to 35 percent Parent Material: Alluvium and/or colluvium derived
Surface fragments: About 9 percent stones from metamorphic rock
Depth to restrictive feature: 5 to 19 inches to duripan Slope: 2 to 10 percent
Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained Surface fragments: About 2 percent stones
Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid) Depth to restrictive feature: 5 to 19 inches to duripan
Available water capacity total inches: 0.5 Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low) Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid)
Flooding hazard: None Available water capacity total inches: 0.5
Runoff class: Very high Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Hydrologic group: D Flooding hazard: None
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 95
Runoff class: Very high Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mohave Desert
Hydrologic group: D Land Resource Unit: 30-3AZ; Upper Mohave Desert
Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert Ecological site name: Sandy Loam Upland 10-13" p.z.
Land Resource Unit: 30-1AZ; Lower Mohave Desert Fine
Ecological site name: Sandy Loam Hills 3-6" p.z. Limy, Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Gravelly, Shallow vary in extent between delineations.
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and Ecosystem site number: R030XC321AZ
vary in extent between delineations. Present native vegetation: big galleta, Opuntia,
Ecosystem site number: R030XA120AZ burrograss, black grama, rayless goldenhead
Present native vegetation: creosotebush, blond Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
plantain, white brittlebush, red brome, white ratany
Typical Profile
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
A—0 to 4 inches; gravelly loamy sand
Typical Profile
BA—4 to 10 inches; gravelly sandy loam
A—0 to 1 inches; very stony loam 2Bt1—10 to 26 inches; gravelly sandy clay
Bw—1 to 6 inches; very gravelly sandy loam 2Bt2—26 to 40 inches; gravelly sandy clay loam
Bk—6 to 9 inches; very gravelly coarse sandy 3Bkn—40 to 60 inches; very gravelly sand
loam
Bkqm—9 inches; indurated
126—Vekol family gravelly loamy sand,
dry, 2 to 7 percent slopes
125—Vekol family gravelly loamy sand, 2
to 7 percent slopes Map Unit Setting
Landform: fan terraces
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 2,000 to 3,200 feet (610 to 975 meters)
Landform: fan terraces Mean annual precipitation: 7 to 10 inches (178 to 254
Elevation: 2,000 to 3,200 feet (610 to 975 meters) millimeters)
Mean annual precipitation: 9 to 12 inches (229 to 305 Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15
millimeters) to 21 degrees C.)
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15 Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17
to 21 degrees C.) to 23 degrees C.)
Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17 Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days
to 23 degrees C.)
Map Unit Composition
Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days
Vekol family and similar soils: 85 percent
Map Unit Composition
Minor components: 15 percent
Vekol family and similar soils: 85 percent
Properties and Qualities
Minor components: 15 percent
Properties and Qualities Vekol family soils
Taxonomic Classification: Fine, mixed, superactive,
Vekol family soils
thermic Typic Haplargids
Taxonomic Classification: Fine, mixed, superactive, Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
thermic Typic Haplargids sources
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock Slope: 2 to 7 percent
sources Drainage class: Well drained
Slope: 2 to 7 percent Permeability: From 0.06 to 0.2 in/hr (slow)
Drainage class: Well drained Available water capacity total inches: 5.2
Permeability: From 0.06 to 0.2 in/hr (slow) Shrink-swell potential: About 4.5 LEP (moderate)
Available water capacity total inches: 5.2 Flooding hazard: None
Shrink-swell potential: About 4.5 LEP (moderate) Runoff class: Medium
Flooding hazard: None Hydrologic group: D
Runoff class: Medium Major Land Resource Area: 40; Sonoran Basin and
Hydrologic group: D Range
96 Soil Survey
Land Resource Unit: 40-3AZ; Sonoran-Mohave Desert Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to duripan
Transition Drainage class: Well drained
Ecological site name: Clay Loam Upland 7-10" p.z. Permeability: From 0.2 to 0.6 in/hr (moderately slow)
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and Available water capacity total inches: 2.7
vary in extent between delineations. Shrink-swell potential: About 4.5 LEP (moderate)
Ecosystem site number: R040XC305AZ Flooding hazard: None
Present native vegetation: big galleta, tobosa, Nevada Runoff class: Low
Mormon tea, black grama, bush muhly, Hydrologic group: C
goldenhead, littleleaf palo verde, range ratany, Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert
white bursage Land Resource Unit: 30-3AZ; Upper Mohave Desert
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c Ecological site name: Limy Upland 10-13" p.z.
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Typical Profile
vary in extent between delineations.
A—0 to 4 inches; gravelly loamy sand Ecosystem site number: R030XC311AZ
BA—4 to 10 inches; gravelly sandy loam Present native vegetation: creosotebush, white
2Bt1—10 to 26 inches; gravelly sandy clay bursage, big galleta
2Bt2—26 to 40 inches; gravelly sandy clay loam Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
3Bkn—40 to 60 inches; very gravelly sand
Typical Profile
A—0 to 2 inches; very gravelly loam
127—Water Btk1—2 to 7 inches; very gravelly loam
Btk2—7 to 19 inches; very gravelly clay loam
Includes streams, rivers, lakes, and ponds. These
Bk—19 to 27 inches; very gravelly loam
areas are covered with water in most years, at least
2Bkqm—27 inches; indurated
during the period that is warm enough for plants to
grow. Many areas are covered throughout the year.
129—Whitehills very gravelly loam, dry, 2
128—Whitehills very gravelly loam, 1 to 5 to 15 percent slopes
percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
Map Unit Setting
Landform: fan terraces
Landform: fan terraces Elevation: 1,800 to 3,000 feet (549 to 914 meters)
Elevation: 2,500 to 3,500 feet (762 to 1,067 meters) Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 9 inches (152 to 229
Mean annual precipitation: 9 to 12 inches (229 to 305 millimeters)
millimeters) Mean annual air temperature: 62 to 68 degrees F. (17
Mean annual air temperature: 62 to 68 degrees F. (17 to 20 degrees C.)
to 20 degrees C.) Mean annual soil temperature: 64 to 70 degrees F. (19
Mean annual soil temperature: 64 to 70 degrees F. (19 to 22 degrees C.)
to 22 degrees C.) Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days
Frost-free period: 190 to 250 days
Map Unit Composition
Map Unit Composition
Whitehills and similar soils: 80 percent
Whitehills and similar soils: 80 percent Minor components: 20 percent
Minor components: 20 percent
Properties and Qualities
Properties and Qualities
Whitehills soils
Whitehills soils
Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,
Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, thermic Typic Argidurids
superactive, thermic Typic Argidurids Parent Material: Alluvium derived from volcanic rock
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from volcanic rock Slope: 2 to 15 percent
Slope: 1 to 5 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to duripan
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 97
Drainage class: Well drained Drainage class: Well drained
Permeability: From 0.2 to 0.6 in/hr (moderately slow) Permeability: From 0.001 to .06 in/hr (very slow)
Available water capacity total inches: 2.7 Available water capacity total inches: 5.1
Shrink-swell potential: About 4.5 LEP (moderate) Shrink-swell potential: About 10.0 LEP (very high)
Flooding hazard: None Flooding hazard: None
Runoff class: Medium Runoff class: High
Hydrologic group: C Hydrologic group: C
Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert
Land Resource Unit: 30-2AZ; Middle Mohave Desert Land Resource Unit: 30-3AZ; Upper Mohave Desert
Ecological site name: Limy Upland 6-10" p.z. Ecological site name: Sandy Loam Upland 10-13" p.z.
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and Fine, Gravelly
vary in extent between delineations. Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Ecosystem site number: R030XB214AZ vary in extent between delineations.
Present native vegetation: creosotebush, white Ecosystem site number: R030XC315AZ
bursage, red brome, Anderson wolfberry, Mojave Present native vegetation: big galleta, Aristida, Utah
yucca, goldenhead, range ratany juniper, banana yucca, black grama
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c Land capability (nonirrigated): 6c
Typical Profile Typical Profile
A—0 to 2 inches; very gravelly loam A—0 to 1 inches; very gravelly loamy sand
Btk1—2 to 7 inches; very gravelly loam Bt1—1 to 15 inches; very gravelly sandy clay loam
Btk2—7 to 19 inches; very gravelly clay loam Bt2—15 to 21 inches; gravelly clay
Bk—19 to 27 inches; very gravelly loam Bt3—21 to 32 inches; clay
2Bkqm—27 inches; indurated BC—32 to 43 inches; gravelly sandy clay loam
C—43 to 60 inches; gravelly loamy sand
130—White House family very gravelly
loamy sand, 2 to 15 percent slopes 131—White House gravelly loamy sand, 2
to 15 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
Map Unit Setting
Landform: fan terraces
Elevation: 3,400 to 4,000 feet (1,036 to 1,219 meters) Landform: fan terraces
Mean annual precipitation: 9 to 12 inches (229 to 305 Elevation: 3,800 to 4,800 feet (1,158 to 1,463 meters)
millimeters) Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 16 inches (305 to 406
Mean annual air temperature: 57 to 64 degrees F. (14 millimeters)
to 16 degrees C.) Mean annual air temperature: 57 to 61 degrees F. (14
Mean annual soil temperature: 59 to 63 degrees F. (16 to 16 degrees C.)
to 18 degrees C.) Mean annual soil temperature: 59 to 63 degrees F. (16
Frost-free period: 200 to 230 days to 18 degrees C.)
Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days
Map Unit Composition
Map Unit Composition
White House family and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components: 15 percent White House and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
Properties and Qualities
Properties and Qualities
White House family soils
White House soils
Taxonomic Classification: Fine, mixed, superactive,
thermic Ustic Haplargids Taxonomic Classification: Fine, mixed, superactive,
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock thermic Ustic Haplargids
sources Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Slope: 2 to 15 percent sources
Surface fragments: About 40 percent gravel Slope: 2 to 15 percent
98 Soil Survey
Surface fragments: About 2 percent cobbles, about 30 Properties and Qualities
percent gravel
Drainage class: Well drained Wikieup soils
Permeability: From 0.06 to 0.2 in/hr (slow)
Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,
Available water capacity total inches: 6.7
superactive, nonacid, thermic, shallow Typic
Shrink-swell potential: About 7.5 LEP (high)
Torriorthents
Flooding hazard: None
Parent Material: Alluvium and colluvium derived from
Runoff class: Medium
igneous and metamorphic rock
Hydrologic group: C
Slope: 5 to 35 percent
Major Land Resource Area: 38; Mogollon Transition
Depth to restrictive feature: 4 to 20 inches to bedrock
Land Resource Unit: 38-1AZ; Mogollon Transition
(paralithic); 7 to 20 inches to bedrock (lithic)
Interior Chaparral, Grassland, and Pinyon-Juniper
Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Savannah
Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid)
Ecological site name: Loamy Upland 12-16" p.z.
Available water capacity total inches: 0.4
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
vary in extent between delineations.
Flooding hazard: None
Ecosystem site number: R038XA109AZ
Runoff class: Very high
Present native vegetation: big galleta, Opuntia,
Hydrologic group: D
burrograss, Utah juniper, banana yucca, black
Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert
grama, rayless goldenhead
Land Resource Unit: 30-3AZ; Upper Mohave Desert
Land capability (nonirrigated): 6c
Ecological site name: Granitic/Schist Hills 10-13" p.z.
Typical Profile Alkaline
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
A—0 to 1 inches; gravelly loamy sand
vary in extent between delineations.
BA—1 to 5 inches; sandy clay loam
Ecosystem site number: R030XC306AZ
2Bt—5 to 23 inches; sandy clay
Present native vegetation: Eastern Mojave wild
2Btk—23 to 42 inches; gravelly sandy clay loam
buckwheat, desert needlegrass, big galleta,
2Bk—42 to 60 inches; gravelly loamy sand
Nevada Mormon tea, range ratany, red brome,
turbinella oak, white brittlebush
132—Wikieup-Mutang-Rock outcrop Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
complex, 5 to 35 percent slopes Typical Profile
A—0 to 1 inches; extremely cobbly coarse sandy
Map Unit Setting
loam
Landform: hills and mountains C—1 to 5 inches; gravelly coarse sandy loam
Elevation: 3,100 to 5,400 feet (945 to 1,646 meters) 2Cr—5 to 8 inches; weathered bedrock
Mean annual precipitation: 9 to 12 inches (229 to 305 2R—8 inches; unweathered bedrock
millimeters)
Mutang soils
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15
to 21 degrees C.) Taxonomic Classification: Clayey, mixed, superactive,
Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17 thermic, shallow Typic Haplargids
to 22 degrees C.) Parent Material: Alluvium and/or colluvium derived
Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days from metamorphic rock
Slope: 5 to 35 percent
Map Unit Composition
Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to
Wikieup and similar soils: 45 percent bedrock (paralithic); 15 to 30 inches to bedrock
Mutang and similar soils: 30 percent (lithic)
Rock outcrop: 20 percent Drainage class: Well drained
Minor components: 5 percent Permeability: From 0.06 to 0.2 in/hr (slow)
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 99
Available water capacity total inches: 1.5 Properties and Qualities
Shrink-swell potential: About 4.5 LEP (moderate)
Flooding hazard: None Mutang soils
Runoff class: Very high
Taxonomic Classification: Clayey, mixed, superactive,
Hydrologic group: D
thermic, shallow Typic Haplargids
Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from igneous rock
Land Resource Unit: 30-3AZ; Upper Mohave Desert
Slope: 3 to 30 percent
Ecological site name: Granitic/Schist Hills 10-13" p.z.
Surface fragments: About 15 percent gravel
Alkaline
Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
(paralithic); 20 to 41 inches to bedrock (lithic)
vary in extent between delineations.
Drainage class: Well drained
Ecosystem site number: R030XC306AZ
Permeability: From 0.001 to .06 in/hr (very slow)
Present native vegetation: desert needlegrass, black
Available water capacity total inches: 2.2
grama, big galleta, broom snakeweed, range
Shrink-swell potential: About 7.0 LEP (high)
ratany, sideoats grama, turpentine bush
Flooding hazard: None
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
Runoff class: Very high
Typical Profile Hydrologic group: C
Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert
A—0 to 3 inches; extremely gravelly sandy loam
Land Resource Unit: 30-3AZ; Upper Mohave Desert
Bt1—3 to 5 inches; very gravelly clay loam
Ecological site name: Granitic/Schist Upland 10-13"
Bt2—5 to 15 inches; gravelly clay
p.z.
Cr—15 to 22 inches; weathered bedrock
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
R—22 inches; unweathered bedrock
vary in extent between delineations.
Rock outcrop Ecosystem site number: R030XC346AZ
Present native vegetation: turbinella oak, Utah juniper,
Exposures of bedrock, typically barren but may have
banana yucca, Eriogonum, desert ceanothus
sparse vegetation growing in cracks and crevices or in
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
thin layers of alluvium or colluvium.
Typical Profile
133—Mutang-Wikieup-Rock outcrop A—0 to 1 inches; gravelly sandy loam
complex, 3 to 30 percent slopes Bt1—1 to 5 inches; loam
Bt2—5 to 15 inches; gravelly clay
2Cr—15 to 22 inches; weathered bedrock
Map Unit Setting
2R—22 inches; unweathered bedrock
Landform: pediments
Wikieup soils
Elevation: 2,400 to 5,400 feet (732 to 1,646 meters)
Mean annual precipitation: 9 to 12 inches (229 to 305 Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,
millimeters) superactive, nonacid, thermic, shallow Typic
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15 Torriorthents
to 21 degrees C.) Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (16 sources
to 22 degrees C.) Slope: 3 to 30 percent
Frost-free period: 180 to 250 days Depth to restrictive feature: 5 to 20 inches to bedrock
(lithic)
Map Unit Composition
Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Mutang and similar soils: 55 percent Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid)
Wikieup and similar soils: 25 percent Available water capacity total inches: 0.5
Rock outcrop: 15 percent Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Minor components: 5 percent Flooding hazard: None
100 Soil Survey
Runoff class: Very high Parent Material: Alluvium and colluvium derived from
Hydrologic group: D igneous and metamorphic rock
Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert Slope: 20 to 60 percent
Land Resource Unit: 30-3AZ; Upper Mohave Desert Depth to restrictive feature: 4 to 20 inches to bedrock
Ecological site name: Granitic/Schist Upland 10-13" (paralithic); 7 to 20 inches to bedrock (lithic)
p.z. Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid)
vary in extent between delineations. Available water capacity total inches: 0.4
Ecosystem site number: R030XC346AZ Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Present native vegetation: turbinella oak, Utah Flooding hazard: None
juniper, banana yucca, Eriogonum, desert Runoff class: Very high
ceanothus Hydrologic group: D
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert
Land Resource Unit: 30-2AZ; Middle Mohave Desert
Typical Profile
Ecological site name: Granitic Hills 6-10" p.z.
A—0 to 1 inches; extremely cobbly coarse sandy Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
loam vary in extent between delineations.
C—1 to 5 inches; gravelly coarse sandy loam Ecosystem site number: R030XB207AZ
2Cr—5 to 8 inches; weathered bedrock Present native vegetation: big galleta, desert
2R—8 inches; unweathered bedrock needlegrass, Nevada Mormon tea, Parish
threeawn, bush encelia, creosotebush, red brome,
Rock outcrop
white brittlebush
Exposures of bedrock, typically barren but may have Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
sparse vegetation growing in cracks and crevices or in
Typical Profile
thin layers of alluvium or colluvium.
A—0 to 1 inches; very gravelly sandy loam
C—1 to 5 inches; gravelly coarse sandy loam
134—Wikieup-Rock outcrop complex, dry, 2Cr—5 to 8 inches; weathered bedrock
20 to 60 percent slopes 2R—8 inches; unweathered bedrock
Rock outcrop
Map Unit Setting
Exposures of bedrock, typically barren but may have
Landform: hills and mountains
sparse vegetation growing in cracks and crevices or in
Elevation: 2,150 to 2,900 feet (655 to 884 meters)
thin layers of alluvium or colluvium.
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 9 inches (152 to 229
millimeters)
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15 135—Yahana family silty clay loam, 1 to 3
to 21 degrees C.) percent slopes
Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17
to 22 degrees C.)
Map Unit Setting
Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days
Landform: flood plains (protected)
Map Unit Composition
Elevation: 500 to 700 feet (152 to 213 meters)
Wikieup and similar soils: 50 percent Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 6 inches (76 to 152
Rock outcrop: 25 percent millimeters)
Minor components: 25 percent Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F. (21
to 23 degrees C.)
Properties and Qualities
Mean annual soil temperature: 72 to 76 degrees F. (23
to 25 degrees C.)
Wikieup soils
Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days
Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,
Map Unit Composition
superactive, nonacid, thermic, shallow Typic
Torriorthents Yahana family and similar soils: 85 percent
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 101
Minor components: 15 percent Properties and Qualities
Properties and Qualities
Tumarion soils
Yahana family soils Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,
superactive, thermic, shallow Typic Haplodurids
Taxonomic Classification: Fine-silty, mixed,
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from basalt
superactive, hyperthermic Typic Haplosalids
Slope: 8 to 35 percent
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Surface fragments: About 10 percent gravel, about 60
sources
percent cobbles, about 5 percent stones
Slope: 1 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 5 to 18 inches to duripan; 7
Drainage class: Well drained
to 20 inches to bedrock (lithic)
Permeability: From 0.06 to 0.2 in/hr (slow)
Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Available water capacity total inches: 6.3
Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid)
Shrink-swell potential: About 7.5 LEP (high)
Available water capacity total inches: 1.3
Flooding hazard: None
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Runoff class: Low
Flooding hazard: None
Hydrologic group: D
Runoff class: Very high
Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert
Hydrologic group: D
Land Resource Unit: 30-1AZ; Lower Mohave Desert
Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Land Resource Unit: 30-3AZ; Upper Mohave Desert
vary in extent between delineations.
Ecological site name: Loamy Slopes 10-13" p.z.
Land capability (irrigated): 3s
Cobbly
Typical Profile Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
vary in extent between delineations.
Anz—0 to 4 inches; silty clay loam
Ecosystem site number: R030XC309AZ
Bnz1—4 to 8 inches; stratified silty clay
Present native vegetation: creosotebush, rayless
Bnz2—8 to 29 inches; silt loam
brittlebush, slim tridens, black grama
Bnz3—29 to 41 inches; stratified silty clay
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c
Bnz4—41 to 56 inches; silty clay loam
C—56 to 60 inches; fine sand Typical Profile
A—0 to 2 inches; extremely cobbly sandy loam
136—Tumarion-Nickel family complex, 8 Bk—2 to 15 inches; very cobbly sandy loam
to 35 percent slopes Bkqm—15 to 19 inches; indurated
2R—19 inches; unweathered bedrock
Map Unit Setting Nickel family soils
Landform: mesas Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,
Elevation: 2,900 to 3,000 feet (884 to 914 meters) superactive, thermic Typic Haplocalcids
Mean annual precipitation: 9 to 12 inches (229 to 305 Parent Material: Alluvium derived from basalt
millimeters) Slope: 8 to 35 percent
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F. (15 Surface fragments: About 25 percent gravel, about 20
to 21 degrees C.) percent cobbles, about 20 percent stones
Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 72 degrees F. (17 Drainage class: Well drained
to 22 degrees C.) Permeability: From 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate)
Frost-free period: 190 to 250 days Available water capacity total inches: 5.1
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low)
Map Unit Composition
Flooding hazard: None
Tumarion and similar soils: 70 percent Runoff class: High
Nickel family and similar soils: 15 percent Hydrologic group: B
Minor components: 15 percent Major Land Resource Area: 30; Mojave Desert
102 Soil Survey
Land Resource Unit: 30-3AZ; Upper Mohave Desert Major Land Resource Area: 38; Mogollon Transition
Ecological site name: Basalt Hills 10-13" p.z. Limy Land Resource Unit: 38-1AZ; Mogollon Transition
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and Interior Chaparral, Grassland, and Pinyon-Juniper
vary in extent between delineations. Savannah
Ecosystem site number: R030XC333AZ Ecological site name: Granitic Upland 12-16" p.z.
Present native vegetation: creosotebush, big galleta, Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
bush muhly vary in extent between delineations.
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7c Ecosystem site number: R038XA119AZ
Present native vegetation: turbinella oak, Utah juniper,
Typical Profile
desert ceanothus, pointleaf manzanita, black
A—0 to 4 inches; extremely stony loam grama, broom snakeweed
Bw—4 to 23 inches; very cobbly silt loam Land capability (nonirrigated): 6c
Bk1—23 to 51 inches; very cobbly loam
Typical Profile
Bk2—51 to 60 inches; very cobbly sandy loam
A—0 to 2 inches; sandy loam
Bw—2 to 7 inches; sandy loam
137—Valena-Rock outcrop-Carri family 2Bt—7 to 12 inches; sandy clay loam
complex, 1 to 25 percent slopes 2R—12 inches; unweathered bedrock
Rock outcrop
Map Unit Setting
Exposures of bedrock, typically barren but may have
Landform: plateaus
sparse vegetation growing in cracks and crevices or in
Elevation: 5,000 to 5,200 feet (1,524 to 1,585 meters)
thin layers of alluvium or colluvium.
Mean annual precipitation: 14 to 18 inches (356 to 457
millimeters) Carri family soils
Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 52 degrees F. (9 to
Taxonomic Classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,
11 degrees C.)
superactive, mesic Aridic Haplustalfs
Mean annual soil temperature: 50 to 54 degrees F. (11
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from granite over
to 13 degrees C.)
residuum weathered from granite
Frost-free period: 135 to 150 days
Slope: 1 to 25 percent
Map Unit Composition Surface fragments: About 5 percent gravel
Drainage class: Well drained
Valena and similar soils: 40 percent
Permeability: From 0.2 to 0.6 in/hr (moderately slow)
Rock outcrop: 20 percent
Available water capacity total inches: 8.4
Carri family and similar soils: 15 percent
Shrink-swell potential: About 4.5 LEP (moderate)
Minor components: 25 percent
Flooding hazard: None
Properties and Qualities Runoff class: Medium
Hydrologic group: B
Valena soils Major Land Resource Area: 38; Mogollon Transition
Land Resource Unit: 38-1AZ; Mogollon Transition
Taxonomic Classification: Loamy, mixed, superactive,
Interior Chaparral, Grassland, and Pinyon-Juniper
mesic Lithic Haplustalfs
Savannah
Parent Material: Alluvium derived from igneous and
Ecological site name: Sandy Loam Upland 12-16" p.z.
metamorphic rock
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Slope: 1 to 25 percent
vary in extent between delineations.
Surface fragments: About 10 percent gravel
Ecosystem site number: R038XA113AZ
Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock
Present native vegetation: pointleaf manzanita
(lithic)
Land capability (nonirrigated): 6c
Drainage class: Well drained
Permeability: From 0.6 to 2.0 in/hr (moderate)
Typical Profile
Available water capacity total inches: 1.7
Shrink-swell potential: About 1.5 LEP (low) A—0 to 2 inches; sandy loam
Flooding hazard: None Bt—2 to 34 inches; sandy clay loam
Runoff class: Very high BC—34 to 44 inches; gravelly coarse sandy loam
Hydrologic group: D 2Btb—44 to 60 inches; loam
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 103
138—Nodman-Rock outcrop complex, 15 Typical Profile
to 65 percent slopes A—0 to 2 inches; gravelly sandy loam
Bt—2 to 10 inches; very gravelly sandy clay loam
Map Unit Setting 2Cr1—10 to 17 inches; weathered bedrock
2Cr2—17 to 60 inches; weathered bedrock
Landform: hills and mountains
Elevation: 4,900 to 6,300 feet (1,494 to 1,921 meters) Rock outcrop
Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 16 inches (305 to 406
Exposures of bedrock, typically barren but may have
millimeters)
sparse vegetation growing in cracks and crevices or in
Mean annual air temperature: 57 to 62 degrees F. (14
thin layers of alluvium or colluvium.
to 17 degrees C.)
Mean annual soil temperature: 59 to 64 degrees F. (16
to 18 degrees C.) 139—Nodman-Romero family complex, 15
Frost-free period: 200 to 230 days to 65 percent slopes
Map Unit Composition
Map Unit Setting
Nodman and similar soils: 65 percent
Rock outcrop: 20 percent Landform: hills and mountains
Minor components: 15 percent Elevation: 4,900 to 6,200 feet (1,494 to 1,890 meters)
Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 16 inches (305 to 406
Properties and Qualities
millimeters)
Mean annual air temperature: 57 to 62 degrees F. (14
Nodman soils
to 17 degrees C.)
Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, Mean annual soil temperature: 59 to 64 degrees F. (16
superactive, thermic, shallow Ustic Haplargids to 18 degrees C.)
Parent Material: Alluvium, colluvium, or residuum Frost-free period: 200 to 230 days
weathered from granite
Map Unit Composition
Slope: 15 to 65 percent
Surface fragments: About 5 percent cobbles, about 25 Nodman and similar soils: 60 percent
percent gravel Romero family and similar soils: 20 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 5 to 20 inches to bedrock Minor components: 20 percent
(paralithic); 5 to 20 inches to bedrock (paralithic)
Properties and Qualities
Drainage class: Well drained
Permeability: From 0.2 to 0.6 in/hr (moderately slow)
Nodman soils
Available water capacity total inches: 0.7
Shrink-swell potential: About 5.0 LEP (moderate) Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,
Flooding hazard: None superactive, thermic, shallow Ustic Haplargids
Runoff class: Very high Parent Material: Alluvium, colluvium, or residuum
Hydrologic group: D weathered from granite
Major Land Resource Area: 38; Mogollon Transition Slope: 15 to 65 percent
Land Resource Unit: 38-1AZ; Mogollon Transition Surface fragments: About 2 percent stones, about 15
Interior Chaparral, Grassland, and Pinyon-Juniper percent cobbles, about 75 percent gravel
Savannah Depth to restrictive feature: 5 to 20 inches to bedrock
Ecological site name: Granitic/Schist Hills 10-13" p.z. (paralithic)
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and Drainage class: Well drained
vary in extent between delineations. Permeability: From 0.2 to 0.6 in/hr (moderately slow)
Ecosystem site number: R030XC355AZ Available water capacity total inches: 0.7
Present native vegetation: desert ceanothus, turbinella Shrink-swell potential: About 5.0 LEP (moderate)
oak, Colorado pinyon, Opuntia, banana yucca, Flooding hazard: None
singleleaf pinyon, desert needlegrass Runoff class: Very high
Land capability (nonirrigated): 6c Hydrologic group: C
104
Major Land Resource Area: 38; Mogollon Transition Depth to restrictive feature: 5 to 20 inches to bedrock
Land Resource Unit: 38-1AZ; Mogollon Transition (paralithic); 5 to 20 inches to bedrock (paralithic);
Interior Chaparral, Grassland, and Pinyon-Juniper 20 to 40 inches to bedrock (lithic)
Savannah Drainage class: Well drained
Ecological site name: Granitic/Schist Hills 10-13" p.z. Permeability: From 2.0 to 6.0 in/hr (moderately rapid)
Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and Available water capacity total inches: 0.4
vary in extent between delineations. Shrink-swell potential: About 2.0 LEP (low)
Ecosystem site number: R030XC355AZ Flooding hazard: None
Present native vegetation: desert ceanothus, turbinella Runoff class: Very high
oak, Colorado pinyon, Opuntia, banana yucca, Hydrologic group: C
singleleaf pinyon, desert needlegrass Major Land Resource Area: 38; Mogollon Transition
Land capability (nonirrigated): 6c Land Resource Unit: 38-1AZ; Mogollon Transition
Interior Chaparral, Grassland, and Pinyon-Juniper
Typical Profile
Savannah
A—0 to 1 inches; gravelly sandy loam Ecological site name: Basalt/Schist Hills 10-13" p.z.
BA—1 to 6 inches; extremely gravelly sandy loam Other ecological sites may occur in this map unit and
Bt—6 to 12 inches; very cobbly sandy clay loam vary in extent between delineations.
2Cr—12 to 60 inches; weathered bedrock Ecosystem site number: R030XC326AZ
Present native vegetation: Opuntia, Pleuraphis,
Romero family soils
banana yucca, Eriogonum, black grama, sideoats
Taxonomic Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, grama
superactive, nonacid, thermic, shallow Ustic Land capability (nonirrigated): 6c
Torriorthents
Typical Profile
Parent Material: Alluvium and/or colluvium derived
from metamorphic rock over residuum weathered A—0 to 2 inches; very gravelly sandy loam
from metamorphic rock Bw—2 to 7 inches; extremely cobbly sandy loam
Slope: 15 to 65 percent 2Cr—7 to 21 inches; weathered bedrock
Surface fragments: About 65 percent gravel 2R—21 inches; unweathered bedrock
105
Use and Management of the Soils
This soil survey is an inventory and evaluation of Rating Class Terms
the soils in the survey area. It can be used to adjust
Rating classes are expressed in the tables in terms
land uses to the limitations and potentials of natural
that indicate the extent to which the soils are limited by
resources and the environment. Also, it can help to
all of the soil features that affect a specified use or in
prevent soil-related failures in land uses.
terms that indicate the suitability of the soils for the
In preparing a soil survey, soil scientists,
use. Thus, the tables may show limitation classes or
conservationists, engineers, and others collect
suitability classes. Terms for the limitation classes are
extensive field data about the nature and behavioral
not limited, somewhat limited, and very limited. The
characteristics of the soils. They collect data on
suitability ratings are expressed as well suited,
erosion, droughtiness, flooding, and other factors that
moderately suited, poorly suited, and unsuited or as
affect various soil uses and management. Field
good, fair, and poor.
experience and collected data on soil properties and
performance are used as a basis in predicting soil Numerical Ratings
behavior.
Numerical ratings in the tables indicate the relative
Information in this section can be used to plan the
severity of individual limitations. The ratings are shown
use and management of soils as rangeland and
as decimal fractions ranging from 0.00 to 1.00. They
forestland; as sites for buildings, sanitary facilities,
indicate gradations between the point at which a soil
highways and other transportation systems, and parks
feature has the greatest negative impact on the use
and other recreational facilities. It can be used to
and the point at which the soil feature is not a
identify the potentials and limitations of each soil for
limitation. The limitations appear in order from the most
specific land uses and to help prevent construction
limiting to the least limiting. Thus, if more than one
failures caused by unfavorable soil properties.
limitation is identified, the most severe limitation is
Planners and others using soil survey information
listed first and the least severe one is listed last.
can evaluate the effect of specific land uses on
productivity and on the environment in all or part of the Prime Farmland
survey area. The survey can help planners to maintain
Prime farmland is one of several kinds of important
or create a land use pattern in harmony with the natural
farmland defined by the U.S. Department of
soil.
Agriculture. It is of major importance in meeting the
Contractors can use this survey to locate sources of
Nation’s short- and long-range needs for food and fiber.
sand and gravel, roadfill, and topsoil. They can use it
Because the supply of high-quality farmland is limited,
to identify areas where bedrock, wetness, or very firm
the U.S. Department of Agriculture recognizes that
soil layers can cause difficulty in excavation.
responsible levels of government, as well as
Health officials, highway officials, engineers, and
individuals, should encourage and facilitate the wise
others may also find this survey useful. The survey
use of our Nation’s prime farmland.
can help them plan the safe disposal of wastes and
Prime farmland, as defined by the U.S. Department
locate sites for pavements, sidewalks, campgrounds,
of Agriculture, is land that has the best combination of
playgrounds, lawns, and trees and shrubs.
physical and chemical characteristics for producing
food, feed, forage, fiber, and oilseed crops and is
Interpretive Ratings available for these uses. It could be cultivated land,
The interpretive tables in this survey rate the soils in pastureland, forestland, or other land, but it is not
the survey area for various uses. Many of the tables urban or built-up land or water areas. The soil qualities,
identify the limitations that affect specified uses and growing season, and moisture supply are those needed
indicate the severity of those limitations. The ratings in for the soil to economically produce sustained high
these tables are both verbal and numerical. yields of crops when proper management, including
106 Soil Survey
water management, and acceptable farming methods characteristic hydrology, particularly infiltration and
are applied. In general, prime farmland has an runoff, that has developed over time; and a
adequate and dependable supply of moisture from characteristic plant community (kind and amount of
precipitation or irrigation, a favorable temperature and vegetation). The hydrology of the site is influenced by
growing season, acceptable acidity or alkalinity, an development of the soil and plant community. The
acceptable salt and sodium content, and few or no vegetation, soils, and hydrology are all interrelated.
rocks. It is permeable to water and air. It is not Each is influenced by the others and influences the
excessively erodible or saturated with water for long development of the others. The plant community on an
periods, and it either is not frequently flooded during ecological site is typified by an association of species
the growing season or is protected from flooding. Slope that differs from that of other ecological sites in the
ranges mainly from 0 to 6 percent. More detailed kind and/or proportion of species or in total production.
information about the criteria for prime farmland is Descriptions of ecological sites are provided in the
available at the local office of the Natural Resources Field Office Technical Guide, which is available in local
Conservation Service. offices of the Natural Resources Conservation Service.
A recent trend in land use in some parts of the Total dry-weight production is the amount of
survey area has been the loss of some prime farmland vegetation that can be expected to grow annually in a
to industrial and urban uses. The loss of prime well managed area that is supporting the potential
farmland to other uses puts pressure on marginal natural plant community. It includes all vegetation,
lands, which generally are more erodible, droughty, and whether or not it is palatable to grazing animals. It
less productive and cannot be easily cultivated. includes the current year’s growth of leaves, twigs, and
The map units in the survey area that are fruits of woody plants. It does not include the increase
considered prime farmland are listed in table 2. This in stem diameter of trees and shrubs. It is expressed
list does not constitute a recommendation for a in pounds per acre of air-dry vegetation for favorable,
particular land use. On some soils included in the list, normal, and unfavorable years. In a favorable year, the
measures that overcome a hazard or limitation, such amount and distribution of precipitation and the
as flooding, wetness, and droughtiness, are needed. temperatures make growing conditions substantially
Onsite evaluation is needed to determine whether or better than average. In a normal year, growing
not the hazard or limitation has been overcome by conditions are about average. In an unfavorable year,
corrective measures. The extent of each listed map growing conditions are well below average, generally
unit is shown in table 1. The location is shown on the because of low available soil moisture. Yields are
detailed soil maps. The soil qualities that affect use adjusted to a common percent of air-dry moisture
and management are described under the heading content.
“Detailed Soil Map Units.” Characteristic vegetation—the grasses, forbs, and
shrubs that make up most of the potential natural plant
Rangeland community on each soil is listed by common name.
Under rangeland composition, the expected percentage
In areas that have similar climate and topography, of the total annual production is given for each species
differences in the kind and amount of rangeland or making up the characteristic vegetation. The amount
forest understory vegetation are closely related to the that can be used as forage depends on the kinds of
kind of soil. Effective management is based on the grazing animals and on the grazing season.
relationship between the soils and vegetation and Range management requires a knowledge of the
water. kinds of soil and of the potential natural plant
Table 3 shows, for each soil that supports community. It also requires an evaluation of the
vegetation suitable for grazing, the ecological site; the present range similarity index and rangeland trend.
total annual production of vegetation in favorable, Range similarity index is determined by comparing the
normal, and unfavorable years; the characteristic present plant community with the potential natural plant
vegetation; and the average percentage of each community on a particular rangeland ecological site.
species. An explanation of the column headings in The more closely the existing community resembles
table 3 follows. the potential community, the higher the range similarity
An ecological site is the product of all the index. Rangeland trend is defined as the direction of
environmental factors responsible for its development. change in an existing plant community relative to the
It has characteristic soils that have developed over potential natural plant community. Further information
time throughout the soil development process; a about the range similarity index and rangeland trend is
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 107
available in chapter 4 of the “National Range and that affect the recreational uses. Not limited indicates
Pasture Handbook” (http://www.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/glti/ that the soil has features that are very favorable for the
NRPH.html). specified use. Good performance and very low
The objective in range management is to control maintenance can be expected. Somewhat limited
grazing so that the plants growing on a site are about indicates that the soil has features that are moderately
the same in kind and amount as the potential natural favorable for the specified use. The limitations can be
plant community for that site. Such management overcome or minimized by special planning, design, or
generally results in the optimum production of installation. Fair performance and moderate
vegetation, control of undesirable brush species, maintenance can be expected. Very limited indicates
conservation of water, and control of erosion. that the soil has one or more features that are
Sometimes, however, an area with a range similarity unfavorable for the specified use. The limitations
index somewhat below the potential meets grazing generally cannot be overcome without major soil
needs, provides wildlife habitat, and protects soil and reclamation, special design, or expensive installation
water resources. procedures. Poor performance and high maintenance
can be expected.
Forest Productivity Numerical ratings in the tables indicate the severity
of individual limitations. The ratings are shown as
Table 4 can help forest owners or managers plan the decimal fractions ranging from 0.01 to 1.00. They
use of soils for wood crops. It shows the potential indicate gradations between the point at which a soil
productivity of the soils for wood crops. feature has the greatest negative impact on the use
In table 4, the potential productivity of merchantable (1.00) and the point at which the soil feature is not a
or common trees on a soil is expressed as a site index limitation (0.00).
and as a volume number. The site index is the average The ratings in the tables are based on restrictive soil
height, in feet, that dominant and codominant trees of features, such as wetness, slope, and texture of the
a given species attain in a specified number of years. surface layer. Susceptibility to flooding is considered.
The site index applies to fully stocked, even-aged, Not considered in the ratings, but important in
unmanaged stands. Commonly grown trees are those evaluating a site, are the location and accessibility of
that forest managers generally favor in intermediate or the area, the size and shape of the area and its scenic
improvement cuttings. They are selected on the basis quality, vegetation, access to water, potential water
of growth rate, quality, value, and marketability. More impoundment sites, and access to public sewer lines.
detailed information regarding site index is available in The capacity of the soil to absorb septic tank effluent
the “National Forestry Manual,” which is available in and the ability of the soil to support vegetation also are
local offices of the Natural Resources Conservation important. Soils that are subject to flooding are limited
Service or on the Internet (http://nsscnt.nssc.nrcs. for recreational uses by the duration and intensity of
usda.gov/nfm/). flooding and the season when flooding occurs. In
The volume of wood fiber, a number, is the yield planning recreational facilities, onsite assessment of
likely to be produced by the most important tree the height, duration, intensity, and frequency of
species. This number, expressed as cubic feet per flooding is essential.
acre per year and calculated at the age of culmination The information in tables 5 and 6 can be
of the mean annual increment (CMAI), indicates the supplemented by other information in this survey, for
amount of fiber produced in a fully stocked, even-aged, example, interpretations for building site development,
unmanaged stand. construction materials, sanitary facilities, and water
Trees to manage are those that are preferred for management.
planting, seeding, or natural regeneration and those Camp areas require site preparation, such as
that remain in the stand after thinning or partial shaping and leveling the tent and parking areas,
harvest. stabilizing roads and intensively used areas, and
installing sanitary facilities and utility lines. Camp
Recreation areas are subject to heavy foot traffic and some
vehicular traffic. The ratings are based on the soil
The soils of the survey area are rated in table 5 and properties that affect the ease of developing camp
table 6 according to limitations that affect their areas and the performance of the areas after
suitability for recreation. The ratings are both verbal development. Slope, stoniness, and depth to bedrock
and numerical. Rating class terms indicate the extent or a cemented pan are the main concerns affecting the
to which the soils are limited by all of the soil features development of camp areas. The soil properties that
108 Soil Survey
affect the performance of the areas after development soil material is likely. The ratings are based on the soil
are those that influence trafficability and promote the properties that influence erodibility, trafficability,
growth of vegetation, especially in heavily used areas. dustiness, and the ease of revegetation. These
For good trafficability, the surface of camp areas properties are stoniness, slope, depth to a water table,
should absorb rainfall readily, remain firm under heavy ponding, flooding, and texture of the surface layer.
foot traffic, and not be dusty when dry. The soil Golf fairways are subject to heavy foot traffic and
properties that influence trafficability are texture of the some light vehicular traffic. Cutting or filling may be
surface layer, depth to a water table, ponding, flooding, required. Irrigation is not considered in the ratings. The
permeability, and large stones. The soil properties that ratings are based on the soil properties that affect plant
affect the growth of plants are depth to bedrock or a growth and trafficability after vegetation is established.
cemented pan, permeability, and toxic substances in The properties that affect plant growth are reaction;
the soil. depth to a water table; ponding; depth to bedrock or a
Picnic areas are subject to heavy foot traffic. Most cemented pan; the available water capacity in the
vehicular traffic is confined to access roads and upper 40 inches; the content of salts, sodium, or
parking areas. The ratings are based on the soil calcium carbonate; and sulfidic materials. The
properties that affect the ease of developing picnic properties that affect trafficability are flooding, depth to
areas and that influence trafficability and the growth of a water table, ponding, slope, stoniness, and the
vegetation after development. Slope and stoniness are amount of sand, clay, or organic matter in the surface
the main concerns affecting the development of picnic layer. The suitability of the soil for traps, tees, roughs,
areas. For good trafficability, the surface of picnic and greens is not considered in the ratings.
areas should absorb rainfall readily, remain firm under
heavy foot traffic, and not be dusty when dry. The soil Engineering
properties that influence trafficability are texture of the
surface layer, depth to a water table, ponding, flooding, This section provides information for planning land
permeability, and large stones. The soil properties that uses related to urban development and to water
affect the growth of plants are depth to bedrock or a management. Soils are rated for various uses, and the
cemented pan, permeability, and toxic substances in most limiting features are identified. Ratings are given
the soil. for building site development, sanitary facilities,
Playgrounds require soils that are nearly level, are construction materials, and water management. The
free of stones, and can withstand intensive foot traffic. ratings are based on observed performance of the soils
The ratings are based on the soil properties that affect and on the data in the tables described under the
the ease of developing playgrounds and that influence heading “Soil Properties.”
trafficability and the growth of vegetation after Information in this section is intended for land use
development. Slope and stoniness are the main planning, for evaluating land use alternatives, and for
concerns affecting the development of playgrounds. planning site investigations prior to design and
For good trafficability, the surface of the playgrounds construction. The information, however, has
should absorb rainfall readily, remain firm under heavy limitations. For example, estimates and other data
foot traffic, and not be dusty when dry. The soil generally apply only to that part of the soil between the
properties that influence trafficability are texture of the surface and a depth of 5 to 7 feet. Because of the map
surface layer, depth to a water table, ponding, flooding, scale, small areas of different soils may be included
permeability, and large stones. The soil properties that within the mapped areas of a specific soil.
affect the growth of plants are depth to bedrock or a The information is not site specific and does not
cemented pan, permeability, and toxic substances in eliminate the need for onsite investigation of the soils
the soil. or for testing and analysis by personnel experienced in
Paths and trails for hiking and horseback riding the design and construction of engineering works.
should require little or no slope modification through Government ordinances and regulations that restrict
cutting and filling. The ratings are based on the soil certain land uses or impose specific design criteria
properties that affect trafficability and erodibility. These were not considered in preparing the information in this
properties are stoniness, depth to a water table, section. Local ordinances and regulations should be
ponding, flooding, slope, and texture of the surface considered in planning, in site selection, and in design.
layer. Soil properties, site features, and observed
Off-road motorcycle trails require little or no site performance were considered in determining the ratings
preparation. They are not covered with surfacing in this section. During the fieldwork for this soil survey,
material or vegetation. Considerable compaction of the determinations were made about particle-size
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 109
distribution, liquid limit, plasticity index, soil reaction, moderately favorable for the specified use. The
depth to bedrock, hardness of bedrock within 5 to 7 limitations can be overcome or minimized by special
feet of the surface, soil wetness, depth to a water planning, design, or installation. Fair performance and
table, ponding, slope, likelihood of flooding, natural soil moderate maintenance can be expected. Very limited
structure aggregation, and soil density. Data were indicates that the soil has one or more features that
collected about kinds of clay minerals, mineralogy of are unfavorable for the specified use. The limitations
the sand and silt fractions, and the kinds of adsorbed generally cannot be overcome without major soil
cations. Estimates were made for erodibility, reclamation, special design, or expensive installation
permeability, corrosivity, shrink-swell potential, procedures. Poor performance and high maintenance
available water capacity, and other behavioral can be expected.
characteristics affecting engineering uses. Numerical ratings in the tables indicate the severity
This information can be used to evaluate the of individual limitations. The ratings are shown as
potential of areas for residential, commercial, decimal fractions ranging from 0.01 to 1.00. They
industrial, and recreational uses; make preliminary indicate gradations between the point at which a soil
estimates of construction conditions; evaluate feature has the greatest negative impact on the use
alternative routes for roads, streets, highways, (1.00) and the point at which the soil feature is not a
pipelines, and underground cables; evaluate alternative limitation (0.00).
sites for sanitary landfills, septic tank absorption fields, Dwellings are single-family houses of three stories
and sewage lagoons; plan detailed onsite or less. For dwellings without basements, the
investigations of soils and geology; locate potential foundation is assumed to consist of spread footings of
sources of gravel, sand, earthfill, and topsoil; plan reinforced concrete built on undisturbed soil at a depth
drainage systems, ponds, terraces, and other of 2 feet or at the depth of maximum frost penetration,
structures for soil and water conservation; and predict whichever is deeper. For dwellings with basements, the
performance of proposed small structures and foundation is assumed to consist of spread footings of
pavements by comparing the performance of existing reinforced concrete built on undisturbed soil at a depth
similar structures on the same or similar soils. of about 7 feet. The ratings for dwellings are based on
The information in the tables, along with the soil the soil properties that affect the capacity of the soil to
maps, the soil descriptions, and other data provided in support a load without movement and on the properties
this survey, can be used to make additional that affect excavation and construction costs. The
interpretations. properties that affect the load-supporting capacity
Some of the terms used in this soil survey have a include depth to a water table, ponding, flooding,
special meaning in soil science and are defined in the subsidence, linear extensibility (shrink-swell potential),
Glossary. and compressibility. Compressibility is inferred from
the Unified classification. The properties that affect the
Building Site Development
ease and amount of excavation include depth to a
Soil properties influence the development of building water table, ponding, flooding, slope, depth to bedrock
sites, including the selection of the site, the design of or a cemented pan, hardness of bedrock or a
the structure, construction, performance after cemented pan, and the amount and size of rock
construction, and maintenance. Table 7 shows the fragments.
degree and kind of soil limitations that affect dwellings Small commercial buildings are structures that are
with and without basements, and small commercial less than three stories high and do not have
buildings. Table 8 shows the degree and kind of soil basements. The foundation is assumed to consist of
limitations that affect local roads and streets, shallow spread footings of reinforced concrete built on
excavations, and lawns and landscaping. undisturbed soil at a depth of 2 feet or at the depth of
The ratings in the tables are both verbal and maximum frost penetration, whichever is deeper. The
numerical. Rating class terms indicate the extent to ratings are based on the soil properties that affect the
which the soils are limited by all of the soil features capacity of the soil to support a load without
that affect building site development. Not limited movement and on the properties that affect excavation
indicates that the soil has features that are very and construction costs. The properties that affect the
favorable for the specified use. Good performance and load-supporting capacity include depth to a water table,
very low maintenance can be expected. Somewhat ponding, flooding, subsidence, linear extensibility
limited indicates that the soil has features that are (shrink-swell potential), and compressibility (which is
110 Soil Survey
inferred from the Unified classification). The properties Sanitary Facilities
that affect the ease and amount of excavation include
flooding, depth to a water table, ponding, slope, depth Table 9 shows the degree and kind of soil limitations
to bedrock or a cemented pan, hardness of bedrock or that affect septic tank absorption fields and sewage
a cemented pan, and the amount and size of rock lagoons. Table 10 shows the degree and kind of soil
fragments. limitations that affect sanitary landfills and daily cover
Local roads and streets have an all-weather surface for landfill. The ratings are both verbal and numerical.
and carry automobile and light truck traffic all year. Rating class terms indicate the extent to which the
They have a subgrade of cut or fill soil material; a base soils are limited by all of the soil features that affect
of gravel, crushed rock, or soil material stabilized by these uses. Not limited indicates that the soil has
lime or cement; and a surface of flexible material features that are very favorable for the specified use.
(asphalt), rigid material (concrete), or gravel with a Good performance and very low maintenance can be
binder. The ratings are based on the soil properties that expected. Somewhat limited indicates that the soil has
affect the ease of excavation and grading and the features that are moderately favorable for the specified
traffic-supporting capacity. The properties that affect use. The limitations can be overcome or minimized by
the ease of excavation and grading are depth to special planning, design, or installation. Fair
bedrock or a cemented pan, hardness of bedrock or a performance and moderate maintenance can be
cemented pan, depth to a water table, ponding, expected. Very limited indicates that the soil has one
flooding, the amount of large stones, and slope. The or more features that are unfavorable for the specified
properties that affect the traffic-supporting capacity are use. The limitations generally cannot be overcome
soil strength (as inferred from the AASHTO group without major soil reclamation, special design, or
index number), subsidence, linear extensibility (shrink- expensive installation procedures. Poor performance
swell potential), the potential for frost action, depth to a and high maintenance can be expected.
water table, and ponding. Numerical ratings in the tables indicate the severity
Shallow excavations are trenches or holes dug to a of individual limitations. The ratings are shown as
maximum depth of 5 or 6 feet for graves, utility lines, decimal fractions ranging from 0.01 to 1.00. They
open ditches, or other purposes. The ratings are based indicate gradations between the point at which a soil
on the soil properties that influence the ease of digging feature has the greatest negative impact on the use
and the resistance to sloughing. Depth to bedrock or a (1.00) and the point at which the soil feature is not a
cemented pan, hardness of bedrock or a cemented limitation (0.00).
pan, the amount of large stones, and dense layers Septic tank absorption fields are areas in which
influence the ease of digging, filling, and compacting. effluent from a septic tank is distributed into the soil
Depth to the seasonal high water table, flooding, and through subsurface tiles or perforated pipe. Only that
ponding may restrict the period when excavations can part of the soil between depths of 24 and 60 inches is
be made. Slope influences the ease of using evaluated. The ratings are based on the soil properties
machinery. Soil texture, depth to the water table, and that affect absorption of the effluent, construction and
linear extensibility (shrink-swell potential) influence the maintenance of the system, and public health.
resistance to sloughing. Permeability, depth to a water table, ponding, depth to
Lawns and landscaping require soils on which turf bedrock or a cemented pan, and flooding affect
and ornamental trees and shrubs can be established absorption of the effluent. Stones and boulders, ice,
and maintained. Irrigation is not considered in the and bedrock or a cemented pan interfere with
ratings. The ratings are based on the soil properties installation. Subsidence interferes with installation and
that affect plant growth and trafficability after maintenance. Excessive slope may cause lateral
vegetation is established. The properties that affect seepage and surfacing of the effluent in downslope
plant growth are reaction; depth to a water table; areas.
ponding; depth to bedrock or a cemented pan; the Some soils are underlain by loose sand and gravel
available water capacity in the upper 40 inches; the or fractured bedrock at a depth of less than 4 feet
content of salts, sodium, or calcium carbonate; and below the distribution lines. In these soils the
sulfidic materials. The properties that affect absorption field may not adequately filter the effluent,
trafficability are flooding, depth to a water table, particularly when the system is new. As a result, the
ponding, slope, stoniness, and the amount of sand, ground water may become contaminated.
clay, or organic matter in the surface layer. Sewage lagoons are shallow ponds constructed to
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 111
hold sewage while aerobic bacteria decompose the affects the construction and performance of roads in
solid and liquid wastes. Lagoons should have a nearly areas of the landfill.
level floor surrounded by cut slopes or embankments Soil texture and consistence affect the ease with
of compacted soil. Nearly impervious soil material for which the trench is dug and the ease with which the
the lagoon floor and sides is required to minimize soil can be used as daily or final cover. They
seepage and contamination of ground water. determine the workability of the soil when dry and when
Considered in the ratings are slope, permeability, depth wet. Soils that are plastic and sticky when wet are
to a water table, ponding, depth to bedrock or a difficult to excavate, grade, or compact and are difficult
cemented pan, flooding, large stones, and content of to place as a uniformly thick cover over a layer of
organic matter. refuse.
Soil permeability is a critical property affecting the The soil material used as the final cover for a trench
suitability for sewage lagoons. Most porous soils landfill should be suitable for plants. It should not have
eventually become sealed when they are used as sites excess sodium or salts and should not be too acid.
for sewage lagoons. Until sealing occurs, however, the The surface layer generally has the best workability,
hazard of pollution is severe. Soils that have a the highest content of organic matter, and the best
permeability rate of more than 2 inches per hour are potential for plants. Material from the surface layer
too porous for the proper functioning of sewage should be stockpiled for use as the final cover.
lagoons. In these soils, seepage of the effluent can In an area sanitary landfill, solid waste is placed in
result in contamination of the ground water. Ground successive layers on the surface of the soil. The
water contamination is also a hazard if fractured waste is spread, compacted, and covered daily with a
bedrock is within a depth of 40 inches, if the water thin layer of soil from a source away from the site. A
table is high enough to raise the level of sewage in the final cover of soil material at least 2 feet thick is
lagoon, or if floodwater overtops the lagoon. placed over the completed landfill. The ratings in the
A high content of organic matter is detrimental to table are based on the soil properties that affect
proper functioning of the lagoon because it inhibits trafficability and the risk of pollution. These properties
aerobic activity. Slope, bedrock, and cemented pans include flooding, permeability, depth to a water table,
can cause construction problems, and large stones ponding, slope, and depth to bedrock or a cemented
can hinder compaction of the lagoon floor. If the lagoon pan.
is to be uniformly deep throughout, the slope must be Flooding is a serious problem because it can result
gentle enough and the soil material must be thick in pollution in areas downstream from the landfill. If
enough over bedrock or a cemented pan to make land permeability is too rapid or if fractured bedrock, a
smoothing practical. fractured cemented pan, or the water table is close to
A trench sanitary landfill is an area where solid the surface, the leachate can contaminate the water
waste is placed in successive layers in an excavated supply. Slope is a consideration because of the extra
trench. The waste is spread, compacted, and covered grading required to maintain roads in the steeper areas
daily with a thin layer of soil excavated at the site. of the landfill. Also, leachate may flow along the
When the trench is full, a final cover of soil material at surface of the soils in the steeper areas and cause
least 2 feet thick is placed over the landfill. The ratings difficult seepage problems.
in the table are based on the soil properties that affect Daily cover for landfill is the soil material that is
the risk of pollution, the ease of excavation, used to cover compacted solid waste in an area
trafficability, and revegetation. These properties sanitary landfill. The soil material is obtained offsite,
include permeability, depth to bedrock or a cemented transported to the landfill, and spread over the waste.
pan, depth to a water table, ponding, slope, flooding, The ratings in the table also apply to the final cover for
texture, stones and boulders, highly organic layers, soil a landfill. They are based on the soil properties that
reaction, and content of salts and sodium. Unless affect workability, the ease of digging, and the ease of
otherwise stated, the ratings apply only to that part of moving and spreading the material over the refuse
the soil within a depth of about 6 feet. For deeper daily during wet and dry periods. These properties
trenches, onsite investigation may be needed. include soil texture, depth to a water table, ponding,
Hard, nonrippable bedrock, creviced bedrock, or rock fragments, slope, depth to bedrock or a cemented
highly permeable strata in or directly below the pan, reaction, and content of salts, sodium, or lime.
proposed trench bottom can affect the ease of Loamy or silty soils that are free of large stones and
excavation and the hazard of ground water pollution. excess gravel are the best cover for a landfill. Clayey
Slope affects construction of the trenches and the soils may be sticky and difficult to spread; sandy soils
movement of surface water around the landfill. It also are subject to wind erosion.
112 Soil Survey
Slope affects the ease of excavation and of moving of topsoil, reclamation material, or roadfill. The lower
the cover material. Also, it can influence runoff, the number, the greater the limitation.
erosion, and reclamation of the borrow area. Topsoil is used to cover an area so that vegetation
After soil material has been removed, the soil can be established and maintained. The upper 40
material remaining in the borrow area must be thick inches of a soil is evaluated for use as topsoil. Also
enough over bedrock, a cemented pan, or the water evaluated is the reclamation potential of the borrow
table to permit revegetation. The soil material used as area. The ratings are based on the soil properties that
the final cover for a landfill should be suitable for affect plant growth; the ease of excavating, loading,
plants. It should not have excess sodium, salts, or and spreading the material; and reclamation of the
lime and should not be too acid. borrow area. Toxic substances, soil reaction, and the
properties that are inferred from soil texture, such as
Construction Materials
available water capacity and fertility, affect plant
Table 11 gives information about the soils as growth. The ease of excavating, loading, and spreading
potential sources of gravel and sand. Table 12 gives is affected by rock fragments, slope, depth to a water
information about the soils as potential sources of table, soil texture, and thickness of suitable material.
topsoil, reclamation material, and roadfill. Normal Reclamation of the borrow area is affected by slope,
compaction, minor processing, and other standard depth to a water table, rock fragments, depth to
construction practices are assumed. bedrock or a cemented pan, and toxic material.
Sand and gravel are natural aggregates suitable for The surface layer of most soils is generally
commercial use with a minimum of processing. They preferred for topsoil because of its organic matter
are used in many kinds of construction. Specifications content. Organic matter greatly increases the
for each use vary widely. In table 11, only the absorption and retention of moisture and nutrients for
likelihood of finding material in suitable quantity is plant growth.
evaluated. The suitability of the material for specific Reclamation material is used in areas that have
purposes is not evaluated, nor are factors that affect been drastically disturbed by surface mining or similar
excavation of the material. The properties used to activities. When these areas are reclaimed, layers of
evaluate the soil as a source of sand or gravel are soil material or unconsolidated geological material, or
gradation of grain sizes (as indicated by the Unified both, are replaced in a vertical sequence. The
classification of the soil), the thickness of suitable reconstructed soil favors plant growth. The ratings in
material, and the content of rock fragments. If the the table do not apply to quarries and other mined
bottom layer of the soil contains sand or gravel, the areas that require an offsite source of reconstruction
soil is considered a likely source regardless of material. The ratings are based on the soil properties
thickness. The assumption is that the sand or gravel that affect erosion and stability of the surface and the
layer below the depth of observation exceeds the productive potential of the reconstructed soil. These
minimum thickness. properties include the content of sodium, salts, and
In table 12, the soils are rated good, fair, or poor as calcium carbonate; reaction; available water capacity;
potential sources of sand and gravel. A rating of good erodibility; texture; content of rock fragments; and
or fair means that the source material is likely to be in content of organic matter and other features that affect
or below the soil. The bottom layer and the thickest fertility.
layer of the soils are assigned numerical ratings. Roadfill is soil material that is excavated in one
These ratings indicate the likelihood that the layer is a place and used in road embankments in another place.
source of sand or gravel. The number 0.00 indicates In this table, the soils are rated as a source of roadfill
that the layer is a poor source. The number 1.00 for low embankments, generally less than 6 feet high
indicates that the layer is a good source. A number and less exacting in design than higher embankments.
between 0.00 and 1.00 indicates the degree to which The ratings are for the whole soil, from the surface
the layer is a likely source. to a depth of about 5 feet. It is assumed that soil
The soils are rated good, fair, or poor as potential layers will be mixed when the soil material is
sources of topsoil, reclamation material, and roadfill. excavated and spread.
The features that limit the soils as sources of these The ratings are based on the amount of suitable
materials are specified in the tables. The numerical material and on soil properties that affect the ease of
ratings given after the specified features indicate the excavation and the performance of the material after it
degree to which the features limit the soils as sources is in place. The thickness of the suitable material is a
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 113
major consideration. The ease of excavation is embankment. Soils best suited to this use have low
affected by large stones, depth to a water table, and seepage potential in the upper 60 inches. The seepage
slope. How well the soil performs in place after it has potential is determined by the permeability of the soil
been compacted and drained is determined by its and the depth to fractured bedrock or other permeable
strength (as inferred from the AASHTO classification material. Excessive slope can affect the storage
of the soil) and linear extensibility (shrink-swell capacity of the reservoir area.
potential). Embankments, dikes, and levees are raised
structures of soil material, generally less than 20 feet
Water Management high, constructed to impound water or to protect land
against overflow. Embankments that have zoned
Table 13 gives information on the soil properties and construction (core and shell) are not considered. In this
site features that affect water management. The table, the soils are rated as a source of material for
degree and kind of soil limitations are given for pond embankment fill. The ratings apply to the soil material
reservoir areas; embankments, dikes, and levees; and below the surface layer to a depth of about 5 feet. It is
aquifer-fed excavated ponds. The ratings are both assumed that soil layers will be uniformly mixed and
verbal and numerical. Rating class terms indicate the compacted during construction.
extent to which the soils are limited by all of the soil The ratings do not indicate the ability of the natural
features that affect these uses. Not limited indicates soil to support an embankment. Soil properties to a
that the soil has features that are very favorable for the depth even greater than the height of the embankment
specified use. Good performance and very low can affect performance and safety of the embankment.
maintenance can be expected. Somewhat limited Generally, deeper onsite investigation is needed to
indicates that the soil has features that are moderately determine these properties.
favorable for the specified use. The limitations can be Soil material in embankments must be resistant to
overcome or minimized by special planning, design, or seepage, piping, and erosion and have favorable
installation. Fair performance and moderate compaction characteristics. Unfavorable features
maintenance can be expected. Very limited indicates include less than 5 feet of suitable material and
that the soil has one or more features that are a high content of stones or boulders, organic
unfavorable for the specified use. The limitations matter, or salts or sodium. A high water table affects
generally cannot be overcome without major soil the amount of usable material. It also affects
reclamation, special design, or expensive installation trafficability.
procedures. Poor performance and high maintenance Aquifer-fed excavated ponds are pits or dugouts that
can be expected. extend to a ground water aquifer or to a depth below a
Numerical ratings in the tables indicate the severity permanent water table. Excluded are ponds that are
of individual limitations. The ratings are shown as fed only by surface runoff and embankment ponds that
decimal fractions ranging from 0.01 to 1.00. They impound water 3 feet or more above the original
indicate gradations between the point at which a soil surface. Excavated ponds are affected by depth to a
feature has the greatest negative impact on the use permanent water table, permeability of the aquifer, and
(1.00) and the point at which the soil feature is not a quality of the water as inferred from the salinity of the
limitation (0.00). soil. Depth to bedrock and the content of large stones
Pond reservoir areas hold water behind a dam or affect the ease of excavation.
115
Soil Properties
Data relating to soil properties are collected during The Unified system classifies soils according to
the course of the soil survey. properties that affect their use as construction
Soil properties are ascertained by field examination material. Soils are classified according to particle-size
of the soils and by laboratory index testing of some distribution of the fraction less than 3 inches in
benchmark soils. Established standard procedures are diameter and according to plasticity index, liquid limit,
followed. During the survey, many shallow borings are and organic matter content. Sandy and gravelly soils
made and examined to identify and classify the soils are identified as GW, GP, GM, GC, SW, SP, SM, and
and to delineate them on the soil maps. Samples are SC; silty and clayey soils as ML, CL, OL, MH, CH, and
taken from some typical profiles and tested in the OH; and highly organic soils as PT. Soils exhibiting
laboratory to determine particle-size distribution, engineering properties of two groups can have a dual
plasticity, and compaction characteristics. classification, for example, CL-ML.
Estimates of soil properties are based on field The AASHTO system classifies soils according to
examinations, on laboratory tests of samples from the those properties that affect roadway construction and
survey area, and on laboratory tests of samples of maintenance. In this system, the fraction of a mineral
similar soils in nearby areas. Tests verify field soil that is less than 3 inches in diameter is classified
observations, verify properties that cannot be in one of seven groups from A-1 through A-7 on the
estimated accurately by field observation, and help to basis of particle-size distribution, liquid limit, and
characterize key soils. plasticity index. Soils in group A-1 are coarse grained
The estimates of soil properties are shown in tables. and low in content of fines (silt and clay). At the other
They include engineering index properties, physical extreme, soils in group A-7 are fine grained. Highly
and chemical properties, and pertinent soil and water organic soils are classified in group A-8 on the basis of
features. visual inspection.
Rock fragments larger than 10 inches in diameter
Engineering Index Properties and 3 to 10 inches in diameter are indicated as a
percentage of the total soil on a dry-weight basis. The
Table 14 gives the engineering classifications and percentages are estimates determined mainly by
the range of index properties for the layers of each soil converting volume percentage in the field to weight
in the survey area. percentage.
Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each Percentage (of soil particles) passing designated
layer is indicated. sieves is the percentage of the soil fraction less than 3
Texture is given in the standard terms used by the inches in diameter based on an oven dry weight. The
U.S. Department of Agriculture. These terms are sieves, numbers 4, 10, 40, and 200 (USA Standard
defined according to percentages of sand, silt, and Series), have openings of 4.76, 2.00, 0.420, and 0.074
clay in the fraction of the soil that is less than 2 millimeters, respectively. Estimates are based on
millimeters in diameter. “Loam,” for example, is soil laboratory tests of soils sampled in the survey area
that is 7 to 27 percent clay, 28 to 50 percent silt, and and in nearby areas and on estimates made in the
less than 52 percent sand. If the content of particles field.
coarser than sand is 15 percent or more, an Liquid limit and plasticity index (Atterberg limits)
appropriate modifier is added, for example, “gravelly.” indicate the plasticity characteristics of a soil. The
Textural terms are defined in the Glossary. estimates are based on test data from the survey area
Classification of the soils is determined according to or from nearby areas and on field examination.
the Unified soil classification system (ASTM, 2001) The estimates of particle-size distribution, liquid
and the system adopted by the American Association limit, and plasticity index are generally rounded to the
of State Highway and Transportation Officials nearest 5 percent. Thus, if the ranges of gradation and
(AASHTO, 2000). Atterberg limits extend a marginal amount (1 or 2
116 Soil Survey
percentage points) across classification boundaries, Permeability (Ksat ) refers to the ability of a soil to
the classification in the marginal zone is generally transmit water or air. The term “permeability,” as used
omitted in the table. in soil surveys, indicates saturated hydraulic
conductivity (Ksat ). The estimates in the table indicate
Physical Properties the rate of water movement, in inches per hour, when
the soil is saturated. They are based on soil
Table 15 shows estimates of some physical characteristics observed in the field, particularly
characteristics and features that affect soil behavior. structure, porosity, and texture. Permeability is
These estimates are given for the layers of each soil in considered in the design of soil drainage systems and
the survey area. The estimates are based on field septic tank absorption fields.
observations and on test data for these and similar Available water capacity refers to the quantity of
soils. water that the soil is capable of storing for use by
Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each plants. The capacity for water storage is given in
layer is indicated. inches of water per inch of soil for each soil layer. The
Particle size is the effective diameter of a soil capacity varies, depending on soil properties that
particle as measured by sedimentation, sieving, or affect retention of water. The most important properties
micrometric methods. Particle sizes are expressed as are the content of organic matter, soil texture, bulk
classes with specific effective diameter class limits. density, and soil structure. Available water capacity is
The broad classes are sand, silt, and clay, ranging not an estimate of the quantity of water actually
from the larger to the smaller. available to plants at any given time.
Clay as a soil separate consists of mineral soil Linear extensibility refers to the change in length of
particles that are less than 0.002 millimeter in an unconfined clod as moisture content is decreased
diameter. In table 15, the estimated clay content of from a moist to a dry state. It is an expression of the
each soil layer is given as a percentage, by weight, of volume change between the water content of the clod
the soil material that is less than 2 millimeters in at 1/3- or 1/10-bar tension (33kPa or 10kPa tension) and
diameter. oven dryness. The volume change is reported in the
The content of sand, silt, and clay affects the table as percent change for the whole soil. Volume
physical behavior of a soil. Particle size is important change is influenced by the amount and type of clay
for engineering interpretations, for determination of soil minerals in the soil.
hydrologic qualities, and for soil classification. Linear extensibility is used to determine the shrink-
The amount and kind of clay affect the fertility and swell potential of soils. The shrink-swell potential is low
physical condition of the soil and the ability of the soil if the soil has a linear extensibility of less than 3
to adsorb cations and to retain moisture. They percent; moderate if 3 to 6 percent; high if 6 to 9
influence shrink-swell potential, permeability, plasticity, percent; and very high if more than 9 percent. If the
the ease of soil dispersion, and other soil properties. linear extensibility is more than 3, shrinking and
The amount and kind of clay in a soil also affect swelling can cause damage to buildings, roads, and
earthmoving operations. other structures and to plant roots. Special design
Moist bulk density is the weight of soil (oven dry) commonly is needed.
per unit volume. Volume is measured when the soil is Organic matter is the plant and animal residue in the
at field moisture capacity, that is, the moisture content soil at various stages of decomposition. In table 15,
at 1/3- or 1/10-bar (33kPa or 10kPa) moisture tension. the estimated content of organic matter is expressed
Weight is determined after the soil is dried at 105 as a percentage, by weight, of the soil material that is
degrees C. In the table, the estimated moist bulk less than 2 millimeters in diameter.
density of each soil horizon is expressed in grams per Organic matter has a positive effect on available
cubic centimeter of soil material that is less than 2 water capacity, water infiltration, soil organism activity,
millimeters in diameter. Bulk density data are used to and tilth. It is a source of nitrogen and other nutrients
compute shrink-swell potential, available water for plants and soil organisms.
capacity, total pore space, and other soil properties. Erosion factors are shown in table 15 as the K
The moist bulk density of a soil indicates the pore factor (Kw and Kf) and the T factor. Erosion factor K
space available for water and roots. Depending on soil indicates the susceptibility of a soil to sheet and rill
texture, a bulk density of more than 1.4 can restrict erosion by water. Factor K is one of several factors
water storage and root penetration. Moist bulk density used in the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and
is influenced by texture, kind of clay, content of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) to
organic matter, and soil structure. predict the average annual rate of soil loss by sheet
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 117
and rill erosion in tons per acre per year. The estimates Chemical Properties
are based primarily on percentage of silt, sand, and
organic matter and on soil structure and permeability. Table 16 shows estimates of some chemical
Values of K range from 0.02 to 0.69. Other factors characteristics and features that affect soil behavior.
being equal, the higher the value, the more susceptible These estimates are given for the layers of each soil in
the soil is to sheet and rill erosion by water. the survey area. The estimates are based on field
Erosion factor Kw indicates the erodibility of the observations and on test data for these and similar
whole soil. The estimates are modified by the presence soils.
of rock fragments. Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each
Erosion factor Kf indicates the erodibility of the fine- layer is indicated.
earth fraction, or the material less than 2 millimeters in Cation-exchange capacity is the total amount of
size. extractable bases that can be held by the soil,
Erosion factor T is an estimate of the maximum expressed in terms of milliequivalents per 100 grams
average annual rate of soil erosion by wind or water of soil at neutrality (pH 7.0) or at some other stated pH
that can occur without affecting productivity over a value. Soils having a low cation-exchange capacity
sustained period. The rate is in tons per acre per year. hold fewer cations and may require more frequent
Wind erodibility groups are made up of soils that applications of fertilizer than soils having a high cation-
have similar properties affecting their susceptibility to exchange capacity. The ability to retain cations
wind erosion in cultivated areas. The soils assigned to reduces the hazard of ground-water pollution.
group 1 are the most susceptible to wind erosion, and Effective cation-exchange capacity refers to the
those assigned to group 8 are the least susceptible. sum of extractable bases plus aluminum expressed in
The groups are as follows: terms of milliequivalents per 100 grams of soil. It is
1. Coarse sands, sands, fine sands, and very fine determined for soils that have pH of less than 5.5.
sands. Soil reaction is a measure of acidity or alkalinity.
2. Loamy coarse sands, loamy sands, loamy fine The pH of each soil horizon is based on many field
sands, loamy very fine sands, ash material, and sapric tests. For many soils, values have been verified by
soil material. laboratory analyses. Soil reaction is important in
3. Coarse sandy loams, sandy loams, fine sandy evaluating soil amendments for fertility and
loams, and very fine sandy loams. stabilization and in determining the risk of corrosion.
4L. Calcareous loams, silt loams, clay loams, and Calcium carbonate equivalent is the percent of
silty clay loams. carbonates, by weight, in the fraction of the soil less
4. Clays, silty clays, noncalcareous clay loams, than 2 millimeters in size. The availability of plant
and silty clay loams that are more than 35 percent nutrients is influenced by the amount of carbonates in
clay. the soil. Incorporating nitrogen fertilizer into calcareous
5. Noncalcareous loams and silt loams that are soils helps to prevent nitrite accumulation and
less than 20 percent clay and sandy clay loams, sandy ammonium-N volatilization.
clays, and hemic soil material. Gypsum is expressed as a percent, by weight, of
6. Noncalcareous loams and silt loams that are hydrated calcium sulfates in the fraction of the soil
more than 20 percent clay and noncalcareous clay less than 20 millimeters in size. Gypsum is partially
loams that are less than 35 percent clay. soluble in water. Soils that have a high content of
7. Silts, noncalcareous silty clay loams that are gypsum may collapse if the gypsum is removed by
less than 35 percent clay, and fibric soil material. percolating water.
8. Soils that are not subject to wind erosion Salinity is a measure of soluble salts in the soil at
because of rock fragments on the surface or because saturation. It is expressed as the electrical
of surface wetness. conductivity of the saturation extract, in millimhos per
Wind erodibility index is a numerical value indicating centimeter at 25 degrees C. Estimates are based on
the susceptibility of soil to wind erosion, or the tons per field and laboratory measurements at representative
acre per year that can be expected to be lost to wind sites. Salinity affects the stability of soil if used as
erosion. There is a close correlation between wind construction material and the potential of the soil to
erosion and the texture of the surface layer, the size corrode metal and concrete.
and durability of surface clods, rock fragments, organic Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) is a measure of the
matter, and a calcareous reaction. Soil moisture and amount of sodium (Na) relative to calcium (Ca) and
frozen soil layers also influence wind erosion. magnesium (Mg) in the water extract from saturated
118 Soil Survey
soil paste. It is the ratio of the Na concentration corrosion of uncoated steel is related to such factors
divided by the square root of one-half of the Ca + Mg as soil moisture, particle-size distribution, acidity, and
concentration. Soils that have SAR values of 13 or electrical conductivity of the soil. The rate of corrosion
more may be characterized by an increased dispersion of concrete is based mainly on the sulfate and sodium
of organic matter and clay particles, reduced content, texture, moisture content, and acidity of the
permeability and aeration, and a general degradation of soil. Special site examination and design may be
soil structure. needed if the combination of factors results in a severe
hazard of corrosion. The steel or concrete in
Soil Features installations that intersect soil boundaries or soil layers
is more susceptible to corrosion than the steel or
Tables 17a and 17b give estimates of various soil concrete in installations that are entirely within one
features. The estimates are used in land use planning kind of soil or within one soil layer.
that involves engineering considerations. For uncoated steel, the risk of corrosion, expressed
In table 17a, a restrictive layer is a nearly as low, moderate, or high, is based on soil drainage
continuous layer that has one or more physical, class, total acidity, electrical resistivity near field
chemical, or thermal properties that significantly capacity, and electrical conductivity of the saturation
impede the movement of water and air through the soil extract.
or that restrict roots or otherwise provide an For concrete, the risk of corrosion also is expressed
unfavorable root environment. Examples are bedrock, as low, moderate, or high. It is based on soil texture,
cemented layers, dense layers, and frozen layers. The acidity, and amount of sulfates in the saturation
table indicates the hardness and thickness of the extract.
restrictive layer, both of which significantly affect the
ease of excavation. Depth to top is the vertical Water Features
distance from the soil surface to the upper boundary of
the restrictive layer. Table 18 gives estimates of various water features.
In table 17b, subsidence is the settlement of organic The estimates are used in land use planning that
soils or of saturated mineral soils of very low density. involves engineering considerations.
Subsidence generally results from either desiccation Hydrologic soil groups are based on estimates of
and shrinkage or oxidation of organic material, or both, runoff potential. Soils are assigned to one of four
following drainage. Subsidence takes place gradually, groups according to the rate of water infiltration when
usually over a period of several years. The table shows the soils are not protected by vegetation, are
the expected initial subsidence, which usually is a thoroughly wet, and receive precipitation from long-
result of drainage, and total subsidence, which results duration storms.
from a combination of factors. The four hydrologic soil groups are:
Potential for frost action is the likelihood of upward Group A. Soils having a high infiltration rate (low
or lateral expansion of the soil caused by the formation runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These consist
of segregated ice lenses (frost heave) and the mainly of deep, well drained to excessively drained
subsequent collapse of the soil and loss of strength on sands or gravelly sands. These soils have a high rate
thawing. Frost action occurs when moisture moves into of water transmission.
the freezing zone of the soil. Temperature, texture, Group B. Soils having a moderate infiltration rate
density, permeability, content of organic matter, and when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of
depth to the water table are the most important factors moderately deep or deep, moderately well drained or
considered in evaluating the potential for frost action. It well drained soils that have moderately fine texture to
is assumed that the soil is not insulated by vegetation moderately coarse texture. These soils have a
or snow and is not artificially drained. Silty and highly moderate rate of water transmission.
structured, clayey soils that have a high water table in Group C. Soils having a slow infiltration rate when
winter are the most susceptible to frost action. Well thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of soils having a
drained, very gravelly, or very sandy soils are the least layer that impedes the downward movement of water or
susceptible. Frost heave and low soil strength during soils of moderately fine texture or fine texture. These
thawing cause damage to pavements and other rigid soils have a slow rate of water transmission.
structures. Group D. Soils having a very slow infiltration rate
Risk of corrosion pertains to potential soil-induced (high runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These
electrochemical or chemical action that corrodes or consist chiefly of clays that have a high shrink-swell
weakens uncoated steel or concrete. The rate of potential, soils that have a high water table, soils that
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 119
have a clay pan or clay layer at or near the surface, caused by overflowing streams, by runoff from
and soils that are shallow over nearly impervious adjacent slopes, or by tides. Water standing for short
material. These soils have a very slow rate of water periods after rainfall or snowmelt is not considered
transmission. flooding, and water standing in swamps and marshes
If a soil is assigned to a dual hydrologic group (A/D, is considered ponding rather than flooding.
B/D, or C/D), the first letter is for drained areas and the Duration and frequency are estimated. Duration is
second is for undrained areas. expressed as extremely brief if 0.1 hour to 4 hours,
The months in the table indicate the portion of the very brief if 4 hours to 2 days, brief if 2 to 7 days, long
year in which the feature is most likely to be a if 7 to 30 days, and very long if more than 30 days.
concern. Frequency is expressed as none, very rare, rare,
Water table refers to a saturated zone in the soil. occasional, frequent, and very frequent. None means
Estimates of the upper and lower limits are based that flooding is not probable; very rare that it is very
mainly on observations of the water table at selected unlikely but possible under extremely unusual weather
sites and on evidence of a saturated zone, namely conditions (the chance of flooding is less than 1
grayish colors or mottles (redoximorphic features) in percent in any year); rare that it is unlikely but possible
the soil. A saturated zone that lasts for less than a under unusual weather conditions (the chance of
month is not considered a water table. Water table flooding is 1 to 5 percent in any year); occasional that
depths and other properties were not estimated in this it occurs infrequently under normal weather conditions
survey. (the chance of flooding is 5 to 50 percent in any year);
Ponding is standing water in a closed depression. frequent that it is likely to occur often under normal
Unless a drainage system is installed, the water is weather conditions (the chance of flooding is more than
removed only by percolation, transpiration, or 50 percent in any year but is less than 50 percent in all
evaporation. Table 18 indicates surface water depth months in any year); and very frequent that it is likely
and the duration and frequency of ponding. Duration is to occur very often under normal weather conditions
expressed as very brief if less than 2 days, brief if 2 to (the chance of flooding is more than 50 percent in all
7 days, long if 7 to 30 days, and very long if more than months of any year).
30 days. Frequency is expressed as none, rare, The information is based on evidence in the soil
occasional, and frequent. None means that ponding is profile, namely thin strata of gravel, sand, silt, or clay
not probable; rare that it is unlikely but possible under deposited by floodwater; irregular decrease in organic
unusual weather conditions (the chance of ponding is matter content with increasing depth; and little or no
nearly 0 percent to 5 percent in any year); occasional horizon development.
that it occurs, on the average, once or less in 2 years Also considered are local information about the
(the chance of ponding is 5 to 50 percent in any year); extent and levels of flooding and the relation of each
and frequent that it occurs, on the average, more than soil on the landscape to historic floods. Information on
once in 2 years (the chance of ponding is more than 50 the extent of flooding based on soil data is less
percent in any year). specific than that provided by detailed engineering
Flooding is the temporary inundation of an area surveys that delineate flood-prone areas at specific
flood frequency levels.
121
Classification of the Soils
The system of soil classification used by the FAMILY. Families are established within a
National Cooperative Soil Survey has six categories subgroup on the basis of physical and chemical
(Soil Survey Staff, 1999 and 2003). Beginning with the properties and other characteristics that affect
broadest, these categories are the order, suborder, management. Generally, the properties are those of
great group, subgroup, family, and series. horizons below plow depth where there is much
Classification is based on soil properties observed in biological activity. Among the properties and
the field or inferred from those observations or from characteristics considered are particle-size class,
laboratory measurements. Table 19 shows the mineralogy class, cation-exchange activity class, soil
classification of the soils in the survey area. The temperature regime, soil depth, and reaction class. A
categories are defined in the following paragraphs. family name consists of the name of a subgroup
ORDER. Twelve soil orders are recognized. The preceded by terms that indicate soil properties. An
differences among orders reflect the dominant soil- example is fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic
forming processes and the degree of soil formation. Aridic Haplustalfs.
Each order is identified by a word ending in sol. An SERIES. The series consists of soils within a
example is Alfisol. family that have horizons similar in color, texture,
SUBORDER. Each order is divided into suborders structure, reaction, consistence, mineral and chemical
primarily on the basis of properties that influence soil composition, and arrangement in the profile. An
genesis and are important to plant growth or properties example is the Dutchflat series.
that reflect the most important variables within the
orders. The last syllable in the name of a suborder Soil Series and Their Morphology
indicates the order. An example is Ustalf (Ust,
meaning humid, plus alf, from Alfisol). In this section, each soil series recognized in the
GREAT GROUP. Each suborder is divided into survey area is described. Characteristics of the soil
great groups on the basis of close similarities in kind, and the material in which it formed are identified for
arrangement, and degree of development of pedogenic each series. A pedon, a small three-dimensional area
horizons; soil moisture and temperature regimes; type of soil, that is typical of the series in the survey area is
of saturation; and base status. Each great group is described. The detailed description of each soil horizon
identified by the name of a suborder and by a prefix follows standards in the “Soil Survey Manual” (Soil
that indicates a property of the soil. An example is Survey Division Staff, 1993). Many of the technical
Haplustalfs (Hapl, meaning minimal horizonation, plus terms used in the descriptions are defined in “Soil
ustalf, the suborder of the Alfisols that has a ustic Taxonomy” (Soil Survey Staff, 1999) and in “Keys to
moisture regime). Soil Taxonomy” (Soil Survey Staff, 2003). Unless
SUBGROUP. Each great group has a typic otherwise indicated, colors in the descriptions are for
subgroup. Other subgroups are intergrades or dry soil. Following the pedon description is the range of
extragrades. The typic subgroup is the central concept important characteristics of the soils in the series.
of the great group; it is not necessarily the most
extensive. Intergrades are transitions to other orders,
suborders, or great groups. Extragrades have some Akela Series
properties that are not representative of the great group
but do not indicate transitions to any other taxonomic Depth class: Very shallow and shallow
class. Each subgroup is identified by one or more Drainage class: Well drained
adjectives preceding the name of the great group. The Permeability: Moderate
adjective Aridic identifies the subgroup that is Landform: Hills and mountains
somewhat drier than the typical great group. An Parent material: Alluvium and colluvium from volcanic
example is Aridic Haplustalfs. rocks
122 Soil Survey
Slope range: 1 to 70 percent Permeability: Moderately rapid
Elevation: 1,400 to 4,600 feet Landform: Fan terraces
Mean annual precipitation: 7 to 12 inches Parent material: Mixed fan alluvium from volcanic
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F rocks
Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days Slope range: 2 to 15 percent
Classification: Loamy skeletal, mixed, superactive, Elevation: 1,800 to 3,500 feet
calcareous, thermic Lithic Torriorthents Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 12 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F
Typical Pedon
Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days
Typical pedon of Akela extremely cobbly loam in an Classification: Loamy, mixed, superactive, thermic,
area of Akela-Rock outcrop-Rubble land complex, dry, shallow Typic Haplodurids
40 to 70 percent slopes; latitude of 34 degrees, 41
Typical Pedon
minutes, 35 seconds north and a longitude of 113
degrees, 30 minutes, 49 seconds west; 600 feet north Typical pedon of Alko family cobbly loam in an area of
and 600 feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 28, Alko family cobbly loam, 2 to 15 percent slopes;
T. 16 N., R. 12 W. latitude of 35 degrees, 01 minutes, 17 seconds north
A—0 to 1 inch; brown (10YR 5/3) extremely cobbly and a longitude of 114 degrees, 17 minutes, 11
loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine granular seconds west; 1,450 feet south and 1,750 feet west of
structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; the northeast corner of sec. 22, T. 19 N., R. 19 W.
many very fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; A—0 to 1 inch; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) cobbly loam,
25 percent gravel, 40 percent cobble, 5 percent stone; brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; weak medium platy structure;
slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic;
abrupt smooth boundary. common fine roots; many very fine vesicular pores; 23
Bw—1 to 5 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) extremely percent calcium carbonate equivalent; violently
cobbly loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak very fine effervescent; 10 percent gravel, 20 percent cobble;
subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, moderately alkaline (pH, 8.0); abrupt smooth boundary.
slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine Bw—1 to 10 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) gravelly
roots; common very fine tubular pores; 30 percent loam, brown (7.5YR 5/4) moist; moderate medium
gravel, 30 percent cobble, 5 percent stone; slightly subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable,
effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common fine roots;
smooth boundary. many very fine tubular pores; 28 percent calcium
2R—5 inches; rhyolite. carbonate equivalent; violently effervescent; 25
percent gravel; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear
Range in Characteristics
smooth boundary.
Depth to bedrock: 4 to 20 inches Bk—10 to 15 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4)
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 1 to 15 percent gravelly loam, brown (7.5YR 5/4) moist; moderate
Rock fragments: 35 to 75 percent gravel and cobble medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard,
and/or stone friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common fine
roots; many very fine tubular pores; 33 percent calcium
A horizon:
carbonate equivalent; rock fragments have thin
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
calcium carbonate coats on the undersides; violently
Value: 3 or 4 moist
effervescent; 30 percent gravel; moderately alkaline
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
(pH 8.0); abrupt wavy boundary.
Bw horizon: 2Bqkm—15 to 31 inches; indurated duripan.
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR 2C—31 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)
Value: 3 or 4 moist extremely gravelly sand, brown (10YR 5/3) moist;
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist massive; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic;
Texture: loam or sandy loam many very fine irregular pores; 70 percent gravel;
strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0).
Range in Characteristics
Alko family
Use of the "Alko family" reference term is a convention
Depth class: Shallow and very shallow to reduce name length and implies no specific use of a
Drainage class: Well drained soil series, reduced mapping intensity, or range of
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 123
properties beyond that which is described in the map slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0);
unit description and database. Use, management, and clear smooth boundary.
interpretations are not affected. C2—19 to 60 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loamy
Depth to a duripan: 5 to 20 inches coarse sand, brown (7.5YR 5/3) moist; massive; soft,
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 25 to 35 percent very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few fine roots;
Rock fragments: 15 to 30 percent pan fragments and common very fine tubular pores; 10 percent gravel;
gravel slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2);
clear smooth boundary.
A horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR Range in Characteristics
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist A horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
Bw and Bk horizons:
Value: 4 or 5 moist
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
Value: 5 or 6, dry or moist
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist C horizons:
Texture: sandy loam, loam Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
Rock fragments: 15 to 30 percent pan fragments and Value: 6 or 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist
gravel Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
Effervescence: strong or violent Texture: sandy loam, coarse sandy loam, loamy
coarse sand, loamy sand or sand
Rock fragments: 10 to 25 percent gravel
Amole Series
Depth class: Very deep Anthony Series
Drainage class: Well drained
Permeability: Moderately rapid Depth class: Very deep
Landform: Fan terraces Drainage class: Well drained
Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock Permeability: Moderately rapid
sources Landform: Alluvial fans
Slope range: 1 to 3 percent Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Elevation: 1,500 to 2,700 feet sources
Mean annual precipitation: 7 to 12 inches Slope range: 1 to 3 percent
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F Elevation: 2,000 to 3,800 feet
Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 12 inches
Classification: Sandy, mixed, thermic Typic Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F
Torriorthents Frost-free period: 200 to 230 days
Classification: Coarse loamy, mixed, superactive,
Typical Pedon
calcareous, thermic Typic Torrifluvents
Typical pedon of Amole sandy loam in an area of
Typical Pedon
Amole sandy loam, dry, 1 to 3 percent slopes; latitude
of 34 degrees, 29 minutes, 20 seconds north and a Typical pedon of Anthony gravelly sandy loam in an
longitude of 113 degrees, 44 minutes, 01 seconds area of Anthony-Dudleyville complex, 1 to 3 percent
west; 1,350 feet east and 150 feet north of the slopes; latitude of 34 degrees, 45 minutes, 09 seconds
southwest corner of sec. 04, T. 13 N., R. 14 W. north and a longitude of 113 degrees, 40 minutes, 36
A—0 to 1 inch; brown (10YR 5/3) sandy loam, brown seconds west; 950 feet north and 2,400 feet west of
(10YR 4/3) moist; weak thin platy structure; soft, very the southeast corner of sec. 01, T. 16 N., R. 14 W.
friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine roots; A—0 to 1 inch; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly sandy
few fine irregular pores; 10 percent gravel, loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak thin platy
noneffervescent slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); abrupt structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic;
smooth boundary. few very fine roots; common very fine irregular pores,
C1—1 to 19 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) sandy 15 percent gravel; noneffervescent; neutral (pH 7.0);
loam, brown (7.5YR 5/3) moist; massive; soft, very abrupt smooth boundary.
friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine roots; C1—1 to 35 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly
common very fine tubular pores; 10 percent gravel; coarse sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; massive;
124 Soil Survey
soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, firm,
fine roots; common very fine irregular pores; 15 moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many very
percent gravel; slightly effervescent; neutral (pH 7.2); fine roots; many very fine tubular pores; 10 percent
gradual smooth boundary. cobble; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4);
C2—35 to 60 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly abrupt wavy boundary.
sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; massive; soft, C1—8 to 24 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) cobbly silty
very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine clay, dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) moist; strong medium
roots; common very fine irregular pores; 20 percent prismatic structure; very hard, very firm, very sticky
gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4). and very plastic; many very fine roots; many very fine
tubular pores; many pressure faces; 15 percent cobble
Range in Characteristics
and 5 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately
Rock fragments: 10 to 35 percent gravel alkaline (pH 8.0); clear wavy boundary.
C2—24 to 42 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) silty
A horizon:
clay, strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) moist; strong medium
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
subangular blocky structure; very hard, very firm, very
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
sticky and very plastic; common fine roots; common
C horizons: fine tubular pores; many pressure faces; strongly
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); clear wavy
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist boundary.
Effervescence: slight to strong 2Btkb1—42 to 50 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6)
silty clay, strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) moist; strong
medium subangular blocky structure; very hard, very
Aquarius Series firm, very sticky and very plastic; few fine roots; few
fine tubular pores; many pressure faces; common
Depth class: Very deep
black stains and common distinct clay films on faces
Drainage class: Well drained
of peds; 10 percent gravel; few medium soft calcium
Permeability: Slow
carbonate accumulations; strongly effervescent;
Landform: Plateaus
slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); clear wavy boundary.
Parent material: Alluvium and colluvium from volcanic
2Btkb2—50 to 60 inches; pink (7.5YR 7/4) gravelly
rock
silty clay loam, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) moist; weak
Slope range: 10 to 25 percent
medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm,
Elevation: 2,400 to 3,000 feet
moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few fine
Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 12 inches
roots; few fine tubular pores; few distinct clay films on
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 64 degrees F
faces of peds; 20 percent gravel; common coarse soft
Frost-free period: 200 to 230 days
calcium carbonate accumulations; violently
Classification: Fine, smectitic, calcareous, thermic
effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4).
Vertic Torriorthents
Range in Characteristics
Typical Pedon
Rock fragments: 35 to 60 percent cobble on the
Typical pedon of Aquarius very cobbly silt loam in an
surface; 0 to 20 percent cobble and pebbles in the
area of Aquarius-Akela-Rock outcrop complex, 1 to 25
control section.
percent slopes; latitude of 34 degrees, 29 minutes, 56
Cracks: More than 1 centimeter wide to a depth of 20
seconds north and a longitude of 113 degrees, 21
inches or more that are open for more than 240
minutes, 55 seconds west; 1,700 feet south and 2,200
days in most years
feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 01, T. 13 N.,
Organic matter: less than 1 percent in the surface
R. 11 W.
A1—0 to 2 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/3) very cobbly A horizon:
silt loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) moist; moderate Value: 4, 5 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist
medium platy structure; slightly hard, friable, Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many
C horizons:
very fine roots; many fine tubular pores; 50 percent
Value: 4 through 7 dry, 3 through 6 moist
cobble; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear wavy
Chroma: 4, 5 or 6, dry or moist
boundary.
Texture: Clay, silty clay loam
A2—2 to 8 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) silty clay
loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) moist; moderate medium The buried soil is not present in all pedons.
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 125
Arivaca taxadjunct brown (7.5YR 5/4) moist; moderate fine subangular
blocky structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky and
Depth class: Moderately deep plastic few very fine roots; few fine tubular pores; 10
Drainage class: Well drained percent gravel; common medium soft calcium
Permeability: Slow carbonate masses; violently effervescent; slightly
Landform: Hills and mountains alkaline (pH 7.8); abrupt irregular boundary.
Parent material: Alluvium from volcanic rocks 4R—36 inches; andesite bedrock.
Slope range: 2 to 15 percent
Range in Characteristics
Elevation: 4,000 to 5,500 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 16 inches These soils are a taxadjunct to the Arivaca series.
Mean annual air temperature: 57 to 61 degrees F This component does not have a petrocalcic horizon
Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days overlying bedrock.
Classification: Fine, smectitic, thermic Ustic Depth to bedrock: 20 to 40 inches
Haplargids Effervescence: none to violent
Typical Pedon A and BA horizons:
Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR
Typical pedon of Arivaca very cobbly silty clay loam in
Value: 4 or 5 dry, 3 or 4 moist
an area of Graham-Arivaca complex, 2 to 15 percent
Chroma: 2 or 3, dry or moist
slopes; latitude of 35 degrees, 08 minutes, 52 seconds
north and a longitude of 113 degrees, 25 minutes, 47 Bt horizon:
seconds west; 1,650 feet south and 640 feet west of Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR
the northeast corner of sec. 04, T. 20 N., R. 11 W. Value: 4 or 5 dry, 3 or 4 moist
A—0 to 2 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/2) very cobbly Chroma: 3 or 4 dry or moist
silty clay loam, brown (7.5YR 4/2) moist; moderate Texture: clay loam, clay
medium granular structure; slightly hard, friable, Rock fragments: less than 25 percent
slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many fine roots;
Bk horizon:
many fine vesicular pores; 20 percent gravel, 35
Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR
percent cobble, and 2 percent stone; noneffervescent;
Value: 4 to 7 dry, 3 to 5 moist
neutral (pH 7.2); abrupt wavy boundary.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: less than 15 percent
BA—2 to 6 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/2) cobbly silty
clay, dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) moist; moderate medium
subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, moderately Arizo Series
sticky and moderately plastic; common fine roots;
common fine tubular pores; 5 percent gravel, 25 Depth class: Very deep
percent cobble; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline Drainage class: Excessively drained
(pH 7.4); clear wavy boundary. Permeability: Moderately rapid over rapid
2Bt1—6 to 17 inches; reddish brown (5YR 5/3) clay, Flooding: None to rare in the winter; occasional to
reddish brown (5YR 4/3) moist; strong medium frequent in the summer
prismatic structure; very hard, very firm, very sticky Landform: Flood plains and alluvial fans
and very plastic; common fine roots; common fine Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
tubular pores; few faint clay films on faces of peds; 2 sources
percent gravel; many pressure faces; slightly Slope range: 1 to 3 percent
effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); gradual wavy Elevation: 1,400 to 4,600 feet
boundary. Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 12 inches
2Bt2—17 to 30 inches; reddish brown (5YR 5/3) Mean annual air temperature: 57 to 70 degrees F
clay, reddish brown (5YR 4/3) moist; weak medium Frost-free period: 200 to 230 days
subangular blocky structure; very hard, very firm, very Classification: Sandy skeletal, mixed, thermic Typic
sticky and very plastic; common very fine roots; Torriorthents
common fine tubular pores; few faint clay film on faces
Typical Pedon
of peds; 5 percent gravel; many pressure faces;
strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); abrupt Typical pedon of Arizo gravelly sandy loam in an area
wavy boundary. of Arizo-Franconia-Riverwash complex, 1 to 3 percent
3Bk—30 to 36 inches; pink (7.5YR 7/4) clay loam, slopes; latitude of 35 degrees, 09 minutes, 21 seconds
126 Soil Survey
north and a longitude of 114 degrees, 09 minutes, 31 Mean annual air temperature: 57 to 61 degrees F
seconds west; 200 feet south and 300 feet west of the Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days
northeast corner of sec. 02, T. 20 N., R. 18 W. Classification: Loamy skeletal, mixed, superactive,
A—0 to 2 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) gravelly thermic, shallow Ustic Haplodurids
sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak thin platy
Typical Pedon
structure; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and
nonplastic; many very fine roots; few fine irregular Typical pedon of Bartmus very gravelly sandy loam in
pores; 30 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; an area of Bartmus very gravelly sandy loam, 2 to 15
moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear wavy boundary. percent slopes; latitude of 35 degrees, 06 minutes, 11
C1—2 to 11 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) seconds north and a longitude of 113 degrees, 32
gravelly sandy loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) minutes, 01 seconds west; 550 feet south and 1,100
moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 15, T. 20 N.,
nonplastic; many very fine roots; many very fine R. 12 W.
tubular pores; 25 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; A—0 to 2 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very
moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear wavy boundary. gravelly sandy loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist;
C2—11 to 15 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR moderate thin platy structure; soft, very friable, slightly
6/4) sandy loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) sticky and slightly plastic; common fine roots;
moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and common very fine irregular pores; 40 percent gravel: 10
nonplastic; many very fine roots; many very fine percent cobble; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline
tubular pores; 10 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; (pH 7.6); abrupt smooth boundary.
moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); abrupt wavy boundary. Bw—2 to 6 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very gravelly
C3—15 to 35 inches; pale brown (1OYR 6/3) sandy clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak fine
extremely gravelly loamy sand, brown (10YR 4/3) subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, slightly
moist; single grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; sticky and moderately plastic; common fine roots;
many very fine roots; many very fine tubular pores; 70 common very fine tubular pores; 40 percent gravel;
percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); abrupt
alkaline (pH 8.2); clear wavy boundary. smooth boundary.
C4—35 to 60 inches; pale brown (1OYR 6/3) very 2Bkqm—6 to 19 inches; indurated hardpan with
gravelly loamy coarse sand, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; fractured thick laminar cap.
single grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very 3R—19 inches; rhyolite.
fine roots; many very fine irregular pores; 50 percent
Range in Characteristics
gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH
8.0). Depth to duripan: 5 to 18 inches
Depth to bedrock: 7 to 30 inches
Range in Characteristics
Effervescence: slight to violent
Effervescence: slight to violent Rock fragments: 35 to 75 percent gravel
A horizon: A horizon:
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
Value: 4 through 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
C horizons:
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
Value: 3 or 4 moist
Reaction: neutral or slightly alkaline
Chroma: 3 or 4 moist
Rock fragments: 35 to 70 percent gravel Bw horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
Value: 4 or 5, dry or moist
Bartmus Series Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
Texture: sandy loam, loam, sandy clay loam (15 to 25
Depth class: Very shallow and shallow
percent clay)
Drainage class: Well drained
Reaction: neutral or slightly alkaline
Permeability: Moderate
Landform: Mesas
Parent material: Alluvium from volcanic rock Bonita family
Slope range: 2 to 15 percent
Elevation: 4,000 to 4,200 feet Depth class: Very deep
Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 16 inches Drainage class: Well drained
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 127
Permeability: Slow described in the map unit description and database.
Landform: Mesas Use, management, and interpretations are not affected.
Parent material: Alluvium from volcanic rocks
A and C horizons:
Slope range: 2 to 15 percent
Texture: clay or silty clay loam
Elevation: 3,800 to 5,800 feet
Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR
Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 16 inches
Value: 4 or 5 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 61 degrees F
Chroma: 2 or 3, dry or moist
Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days
Classification: Fine, smectitic, thermic Typic 2Btb horizon:
Haplotorrerts Not present in all pedons.
Texture: loam or clay loam
Typical Pedon
Calcium carbonate: 15 to 30 percent
Typical pedon of Bonita family very cobbly silty clay Rock fragments: 10 to 45 percent cobble and gravel
loam in an area of Bonita family very cobbly silty clay
loam, 2 to 10 percent slopes; latitude of 34 degrees, 44
minutes, 58 seconds north and a longitude of 113 Brazito family
degrees, 22 minutes, 32 seconds west; 30 feet north
and 1,245 feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 02, Depth class: Very deep
T. 16 N., R. 11 W. Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
A—0 to 2 inches; dark reddish gray (5YR 4/2) very Permeability: Rapid
cobbly silty clay loam, dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) Landform: Flood plains
moist; moderate fine granular structure; slightly hard, Flooding: None
friable, slightly sticky and moderately plastic; many Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
fine roots; few fine tubular pores; 10 percent gravel, 35 sources
percent cobble, and 10 percent stone; noneffervescent; Slope range: 0 to 3 percent
slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); abrupt wavy boundary. Elevation: 1,500 to 1,600 feet
C1—2 to 21 inches; dark reddish gray (5YR 4/2) Mean annual precipitation: 7 to 10 inches
clay, dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) moist; massive; Mean annual air temperature: 64 to 70 degrees F
very hard, very firm, very sticky and very plastic; Frost-free period: 230 to 250 days
common fine roots; few fine tubular pores; 5 percent Classification: Mixed, thermic Typic Torripsamments
gravel, 5 percent cobble; many pressure faces and
Typical Pedon
shrinkage cracks; slightly effervescent; slightly
alkaline (pH 7.6); abrupt wavy boundary. Typical pedon of Brazito family sand in an area of
C2—21 to 35 inches; dark reddish gray (5YR 4/2) Brazito family sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes; latitude of
clay, dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) moist; massive; 34 degrees, 32 minutes, 03 seconds north and a
very hard, very firm, very sticky and very plastic; longitude of 113 degrees, 35 minutes, 57 seconds
common intersecting slickensides; common very fine west; 4,450 feet south and 100 feet west of the
roots; few fine tubular pores; 5 percent gravel, 5 northeast corner of sec. 23, T. 14 N., R. 13 W.
percent cobble; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline A—0 to 7 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sand,
(pH 7.6); abrupt wavy boundary. dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; single grain;
2Btkb—35 to 60 inches; pink (7.5YR 8/4) very loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine roots;
gravelly loam, pinkish gray (7.5YR 7/2) moist; weak few very fine irregular pores; slightly effervescent;
medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt smooth boundary.
slightly sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine C1—7 to 14 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)
roots; few fine irregular pores; 35 percent gravel, 10 very fine sand, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist;
percent cobble; few faint clay films on faces of peds; massive; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic;
many large soft masses; violently effervescent; common very fine roots; few very fine tubular pores;
moderately alkaline (pH 8.0). slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0);
abrupt smooth boundary.
Range in Characteristics
C2—14 to 28 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) fine
Use of the "Bonita family" reference term is a sand, single grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic;
convention to reduce name length and implies no few very fine roots; few very fine tubular pores; slightly
specific use of a soil series, reduced mapping effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt
intensity, or range of properties beyond that which is smooth boundary.
128 Soil Survey
C3—28 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) 10 percent gravel; noneffervescent; slightly alkaline
very fine sand, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; (pH 7.6); clear wavy boundary.
massive; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; BA—4 to 13 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) sandy
few very fine roots; few very fine tubular pores; slightly clay loam, dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) moist; weak
effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4). fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable,
moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many very
Range in Characteristics
fine roots; many fine tubular pores; common faint clay
Use of the "Brazito family" reference term is a films lining pores; noneffervescent; slightly alkaline (pH
convention to reduce name length and implies no 7.8); clear wavy boundary.
specific use of a soil series, reduced mapping Bt1—13 to 22 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4)
intensity, or range of properties beyond that which is sandy clay loam; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) moist;
described in the map unit description and database. weak fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard,
Use, management, and interpretations are not affected. friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic;
Salinity (ECe): 2 to 12 dS/m many very fine roots; many fine tubular pores; many
Sodicity (SAR): 4 to 20 faint clay films on face of peds and lining pores;
Effervescence: Slight to violent noneffervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); clear wavy
boundary.
A horizon:
Bt2—22 to 30 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4)
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
sandy clay loam, dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) moist;
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
weak fine prismatic structure parting to moderate fine
Texture: silt loam, fine sandy loam
and medium subangular blocky; hard, firm, moderately
C horizon: sticky and moderately plastic; many very fine roots;
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist many very fine tubular pores; many faint clay films on
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist face of peds and lining pores; noneffervescent; slightly
Texture: fine sand, very fine sand alkaline (pH 7.6); clear wavy boundary.
Btk—30 to 37 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4)
sandy clay loam, dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) moist;
Bucklebar Series weak medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm,
moderately sticky and moderately plastic, many very
Depth class: Very deep
fine roots; many very fine tubular pores; common faint
Drainage class: Well drained
clay films on faces of peds; many very fine soft
Permeability: Moderate
calcium carbonate masses; 10 percent gravel; slightly
Landform: Fan terraces
effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt wavy
Parent material: Mixed igneous and metamorphic
boundary.
alluvium
C—37 to 60 inches; strong brown (7.5 YR 5/6)
Slope range: 1 to 3 percent
coarse sandy loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; single
Elevation: 3,000 to 3,300 feet
grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine
Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 12 inches
roots; many very fine tubular pores; 10 percent gravel;
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 64 degrees F
slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0).
Frost-free period: 200 to 230 days
Classification: Fine loamy, mixed, superactive, thermic Range in Characteristics
Typic Haplargids
Calcium carbonate equivalent: less than 10 percent
Typical Pedon Organic matter content: less than 1 percent
Typical pedon of Bucklebar sandy loam in an area of A horizon:
Bucklebar sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes; latitude Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
of 35 degrees, 14 minutes, 35 seconds north and a Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
longitude of 114 degrees, 16 minutes, 49 seconds Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
west; 200 feet south and 2,600 feet east of the
BA horizon:
northwest corner of sec. 02, T. 21 N., R. 19 W.
Not present in all pedons.
A—0 to 4 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy
loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate thin platy Bt horizons:
structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky, nonplastic; Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR
many very fine roots; many very fine irregular pores; Value: 4 or 5 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 129
Texture: sandy clay loam, clay loam Range in Characteristics
Rock fragments: less than 15 percent gravel
Use of the "Cacique family" reference term is a
C horizon: convention to reduce name length and implies no
Not present in all pedons. specific use of a soil series, reduced mapping
intensity, or range of properties beyond that which is
Cacique family described in the map unit description and database.
Use, management, and interpretations are not affected.
Depth class: Moderately deep Depth to calcium carbonate cemented hardpan: 20 to
Drainage class: Well drained 40 inches
Permeability: Moderate Depth to unconsolidated alluvium: 40 to 60 inches
Landform: Fan terraces
A horizon:
Parent material: Mixed igneous and metamorphic
Value: 4 or 5 dry, 3 or 4 moist
alluvium
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
Slope range: 1 to 7 percent
Elevation: 1,800 to 2,400 feet Bt horizon:
Mean annual precipitation: 7 to 10 inches Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR
Mean annual air temperature: 64 to 70 degrees F Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
Frost-free period: 230 to 250 days Chroma: 4 to 6, dry or moist
Classification: Fine loamy, mixed, superactive, thermic Texture: clay loam, sandy clay loam
Argic Petrocalcids Rock fragments: 10 to 25 percent gravel
Typical Pedon
Typical pedon of Cacique family extremely gravelly Caralampi Series
loam in an area of Cacique family extremely gravelly
loam, 1 to 7 percent slopes; latitude of 34 degrees, 36 Depth class: Very deep
minutes, 56 seconds north and a longitude of 114 Drainage class: Well
degrees, 06 minutes, 32 seconds west; 1,400 feet Permeability: Moderately slow
south and 4,500 feet east of the northwest corner of Landform: Fan terraces
sec. 26, T. 15 N., R. 18 W. Parent material: Mixed fan alluvium from granitic rocks
A—0 to 1 inch; brown (7.5YR 5/4) extremely Slope range: 15 to 50 percent
gravelly loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) moist; weak thin Elevation: 3,500 to 4,800 feet
platy structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 16 inches
slightly plastic; few very fine roots; few very fine Mean annual air temperature: 57 to 61 degrees F
tubular pores; noneffervescent; 15 percent gravel; Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days
slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); abrupt smooth boundary. Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive,
Bt1—1 to 8 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) gravelly thermic Ustic Haplargids
sandy clay loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; moderate
Typical Pedon
medium subangular blocky structure; soft, friable,
moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common Typical pedon of Caralampi very gravelly loamy sand
very fine roots; few very fine tubular pores; faint clay in an area of Tombstone-Caralampi-Eloma complex, 10
films on faces of peds and lining pores; to 50 percent slopes; l,000 feet east and 1,400 feet
noneffervescent; 15 percent gravel; moderately south of the northwest corner of sec. 1, T.18 N., R.14
alkaline (pH 8.0); clear smooth boundary. W.
Btk—8 to 35 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) A—0 to 3 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/3) very gravelly
gravelly clay loam, yellowish red (5YR 4/6) moist; loamy sand, dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) moist; weak fine
moderate medium subangular blocky structure; slightly granular structure; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky
hard, friable, very sticky and very plastic; common and nonplastic; many very fine roots; many very fine
very fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; irregular pores; 15 percent cobble and 35 percent
common faint clay films on faces of peds and lining gravel; noneffervescent; neutral (pH 7.0); abrupt wavy
pores; few very fine calcium carbonate seams and boundary.
filaments; strongly effervescent; 15 percent gravel; Bt1—3 to 18 inches; reddish brown (5YR 5/4) very
moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt smooth boundary gravelly sandy clay loam, dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4)
2Bkm—35 to 60 inches; calcium carbonate- moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure;
cemented hardpan with troweled laminar cap. hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic;
130 Soil Survey
many very fine roots; many very fine tubular pores; Frost-free period: 135 to 150 days
common distinct clay films on faces of peds; 50 Classification: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic
percent gravel; noneffervescent; neutral (pH 7.2); clear Aridic Haplustalfs
wavy boundary.
Typical Pedon
Bt2—18 to 50 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) very
gravelly sandy loam, strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) moist; Typical pedon of Carri family sandy loam in an area of
weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly Valena-Rock outcrop-Carri family complex, 1 to 25
hard, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few fine roots; percent slopes; latitude of 35 degrees, 12 minutes, 31
few fine tubular pores; few faint clay films bridging seconds north and a longitude of 113 degrees, 23
sand grains; 45 percent gravel; noneffervescent; minutes, 11 seconds west; 600 feet south and 400 feet
neutral (pH 7.2); abrupt wavy boundary. west of the northeast corner of sec. 13, T. 21 N., R. 11
2C—50 to 58 inches; reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) W.
gravelly loamy sand, strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) moist; A—0 to 2 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) sandy loam,
single grain, loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; few fine dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine granular
roots; few fine irregular pores; 25 percent gravel; structure; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and
noneffervescent; neutral (pH 7.2); abrupt wavy nonplastic; many very fine roots; many very fine, fine,
boundary. and medium interstitial pores; 10 percent gravel;
3Bkb—58 to 60 inches; pink (7.5YR 8/3) gravelly noneffervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); abrupt
loam, pink (7.5YR 7/3) moist; massive; slightly hard, smooth boundary.
friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine Bt—2 to 34 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) sandy
tubular pores; 30 percent gravel; violently effervescent; clay loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate fine
many coarse soft calcium carbonate masses; subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, slightly
moderately alkaline (pH 8.4). sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine roots;
common very fine tubular pores; few faint clay films on
Range in Characteristics
faces of peds and lining pores; 10 percent gravel;
Effervescence: none to violent noneffervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); clear wavy
Organic matter content: greater than 1 percent boundary.
BC—34 to 44 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly
A horizon:
coarse sandy loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist;
Coarse fragments: 35 to 60 percent cobble and gravel
massive; hard, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few
Bt horizons: fine, medium, and coarse roots; common very fine
Texture: sandy loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam tubular pores; 20 percent gravel; noneffervescent;
Coarse fragments: 35 to 65 percent gravel slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); abrupt smooth boundary.
2Btb—44 to 60 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loam, dark
2C horizon:
brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate fine subangular
Texture: loamy sand, sand
blocky structure; hard, friable, slightly sticky and
Coarse fragments: 15 to 35 percent gravel
slightly plastic; few very fine roots; common very fine
3Bkb horizon: tubular pores; 10 percent gravel; noneffervescent;
Texture: loam, sandy loam, loamy sand, sand slightly alkaline (pH 7.8).
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 15 to 30 percent
Range in Characteristics
Use of the "Carri family" reference term is a convention
Carri family to reduce name length and implies no specific use of a
soil series, reduced mapping intensity, or range of
Depth class: Very deep
properties beyond that which is described in the map
Drainage class: Well drained
unit description and database. Use, management, and
Permeability: Moderately slow
interpretations are not affected.
Landform: Plateaus
Rock fragments: less than 10 percent in the particle-
Parent material: Alluvium derived from granite over
size control section
residuum weathered from granite
Slope: 1 to 25 percent A horizon:
Elevation: 5,000 to 5,200 feet Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
Mean annual precipitation: 14 to 18 inches Value: 5 or 6 dry, 3 to 5 moist
Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 52 degrees F Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 131
Bt horizon: A and C horizons:
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
Value: 3 to 6 dry, 2 to 5 moist Value: 4 to 7 dry, 2 to 6 moist
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist Chroma: 2 to 6 dry, 2 to 4 moist
Texture: sandy clay loam, clay loam, loam Texture: coarse sand, sand, loamy coarse sand, loamy
sand
Carrizo Series
Carrizo family
Depth class: Very deep
Drainage class: Excessively drained Depth class: Very deep
Permeability: Very rapid Drainage class: Excessively drained
Flooding: Occasional or frequent Permeability: Very rapid
Landform: Flood plains and alluvial fans Flooding: Frequent
Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock Landform: Flood plains and alluvial fans
sources Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Slope range: 1 to 8 percent sources
Elevation: 500 to 2,000 feet Slope range: 1 to 3 percent
Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 6 inches Elevation: 500 to 1,800 feet
Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 7 inches
Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F
Classification: Sandy skeletal, mixed, hyperthermic Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days
Typic Torriorthents Classification: Sandy skeletal, mixed, hyperthermic
Typic Torriorthents
Typical Pedon
Typical Pedon
Typical pedon of Carrizo extremely gravelly loamy
sand in an area of Carrizo-Riverwash complex, 3 to 8 Typical pedon of Carrizo family very gravelly loamy
percent slopes; latitude of 35 degrees, 51 minutes, 23 sand in an area of Carrizo family-Riverwash complex, 1
seconds north and a longitude of 114 degrees, 39 to 3 percent slopes; latitude of 34 degrees, 47 minutes,
minutes, 04 seconds west; 2,000 feet north and 3,700 54 seconds north and a longitude of 114 degrees, 10
feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 33, T. 29 N., minutes, 46 seconds west; 2,000 feet north and 750
R. 22 W. feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 19, T. 16 1/2
A—0 to 1 inch; brown (10YR 5/3) extremely gravelly N., R. 18 W.
loamy sand, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; A—0 to 1 inch; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very gravelly
weak fine granular; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky loamy sand, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; moderate thin
and nonplastic; many very fine roots; common fine platy structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and
tubular pores; 70 percent gravel, 5 percent cobble, and nonplastic; common very fine roots; few very fine
1 percent stone; slightly effervescent; moderately irregular pores; 40 percent gravel, few cobble and
alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt smooth boundary. stone; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH
C1—1 to 23 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) extremely 8.0); abrupt smooth boundary.
gravelly loamy sand, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; single C1—1 to 9 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loamy
grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very sand, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; massive; soft, very
fine roots; common fine irregular pores; 70 percent friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine
gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH roots; common very fine irregular pores; 10 percent
8.0); clear smooth boundary. gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH
C2—23 to 60 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) extremely 8.0); abrupt smooth boundary.
gravelly sand, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; single grain; C2—9 to 33 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)
loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine roots; very gravelly coarse sand, dark yellowish brown (10YR
many very fine irregular pores; 80 percent gravel; 4/4) moist; single grain; loose, nonsticky and
slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2). nonplastic; few fine and medium roots; common very
fine irregular pores; 45 percent gravel; slightly
Range in Characteristics
effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt
Effervescence: slight to violent smooth boundary.
Rock fragments: 35 to 85 percent gravel and cobble C3—33 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR
132 Soil Survey
6/4) very gravelly coarse sand; dark yellowish brown gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6);
(10YR 4/4) moist; single grain; loose, nonsticky and abrupt wavy boundary.)
nonplastic; few fine roots; common very fine irregular BA—1 to 3 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) gravelly clay
pores; 40 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; moderate thin platy
moderately alkaline (pH 8.2). structure; hard, friable, moderately sticky and
moderately plastic; few fine roots; many fine tubular
Range in Characteristics
pores; 20 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly
Use of the "Carrizo family" reference term is a alkaline (pH 7.8); abrupt wavy boundary.
convention to reduce name length and implies no Bt—3 to 9 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) clay
specific use of a soil series, reduced mapping loam, yellowish red (5YR 4/6) moist; moderate medium
intensity, or range of properties beyond that which is subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, moderately
described in the map unit description and database. sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine roots;
Use, management, and interpretations are not affected. common very fine tubular pores; few faint clay films on
Effervescence: slight to violent faces of peds and lining pores; 5 percent gravel;
Rock fragments: 35 to 85 percent gravel in the particle- slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); clear
size control section wavy boundary.
Btk—9 to 17 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6)
A horizon:
gravelly clay loam, dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4)
Not present in some pedons
moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure;
Value: 6 or 7 dry
hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic;
C horizons: few very fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; 20
Value: 4 or 5 moist percent gravel; few distinct clay films on faces of
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry and moist peds; many medium soft rounded calcium carbonate
Texture: loamy sand, coarse sand, sand masses; strongly effervescent, 15 percent calcium
carbonate equivalent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0);
abrupt wavy boundary.
Castaneda Series Bk—17 to 32 inches; pink (7.5YR 8/4) very gravelly
loam, pink (7.5YR 7/4) moist; massive; hard, friable,
Depth class: Moderately deep
slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine roots;
Drainage class: Well drained
few very fine tubular pores; 40 percent gravel; weakly
Permeability: Moderate
cemented with calcium carbonate; many medium soft
Landform: Fan terraces
calcium carbonate masses; violently effervescent, 20
Parent material: Mixed igneous and metamorphic
percent calcium carbonate equivalent; moderately
alluvium
alkaline (pH 8.0); clear wavy boundary.
Slope range: 1 to 7 percent
2Bkm—32 to 41 inches; calcium carbonate
Elevation: 1,600 to 4,000 feet
cemented hardpan; abrupt smooth boundary.
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 12 inches
3C—41 to 60 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3)
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F
extremely gravelly loamy sand, brown (10YR 5/3)
Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days
moist; massive; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky
Classification: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, thermic
and nonplastic; many very fine irregular pores; 65
Argic Petrocalcids
percent gravel; violently effervescent; moderately
Typical Pedon alkaline (pH 8.0).
Typical pedon of Castaneda extremely gravelly loam in
Range in Characteristics
an area of Castaneda extremely gravelly loam, dry, 1
to 7 percent slopes; latitude of 34 degrees, 35 minutes, Depth to the calcic horizon: 9 to 20 inches
41 seconds north and a longitude of 114 degrees, 05 Depth to petrocalcic horizon: 20 to 40 inches
minutes, 58 seconds west; 1,730 feet north and 2,120
A and BA horizons:
feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 36, T. 15 N.,
Hue: 10YR, 7.5YR
R. 18 W.
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
A—0 to 1 inch; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) extremely
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
gravelly loam, brown (7.5YR 5/4) moist; moderate
The BA horizon is absent in some pedons.
medium platy structure; slightly hard, slightly sticky
and slightly plastic; few fine roots; many fine tubular Bt and Btk horizons:
pores; 75 percent gravel with varnish on surface Hue: 7.5YR, 5YR
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 133
Value: 4 through 6 dry, 3 through 5 moist violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2);
Chroma: 4 or 6, dry or moist abrupt smooth boundary.
Texture: clay loam, sandy clay loam (averages 20 to 2Bkm—7 to 28 inches; calcium carbonate cemented
35 percent clay) hardpan with a continuous troweled surface.
Rock fragments: 5 to 35 percent gravel 2C—28 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR
6/4) extremely gravelly loamy coarse sand, yellowish
Bk horizon:
brown (10YR 5/4) moist; massive; hard, very friable,
Hue: 7.5YR, 5YR
nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine irregular
Value: 6 through 8 dry, 5 through 7 moist
pores; 70 percent gravel; violently effervescent;
Chroma: 3 through 6, dry or moist
discontinuous areas of thin pan material; moderately
Rock fragments: 35 to 65 percent gravel
alkaline (pH 8.4).
C horizon:
Range in Characteristics
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 4 through 6 moist
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist Depth to cemented hardpan: 4 to 20 inches
Texture: sand or loamy sand Depth to unconsolidated alluvium: 20 to 60 inches
Rock fragments: average greater than 60 percent
A horizon:
gravel
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
Cave Series Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
Bw horizon:
Depth class: Very shallow and shallow
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
Drainage class: Well drained
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
Permeability: Moderately rapid
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
Landform: Fan terraces
Rock fragments: less than 35 percent gravel
Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
sources
Slope range: 10 to 35 percent Cellar Series
Elevation: 1,900 to 4,000 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 7 to 12 inches Depth class: Shallow and very shallow
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Frost free period: 200 to 250 days Permeability: Moderately rapid
Classification: Loamy, mixed, superactive, thermic, Landform: Hills and mountains
shallow Typic Petrocalcids Parent material: Mixed igneous and metamorphic
alluvium and colluvium dominated by granite.
Typical Pedon
Slope range: 5 to 60 percent
Typical pedon of Cave gravelly sandy loam in an area Elevation: 1,800 to 4,800 feet
of Cave gravelly sandy loam, dry, 10 to 35 percent Mean annual precipitation: 7 to 12 inches
slopes; latitude of 34 degrees, 26 minutes, 29 seconds Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F
north and a longitude of 113 degrees, 50 minutes, 09 Frost-free period: 200 to 250
seconds west; 1,400 feet south and 2,400 feet east of Classification: Loamy skeletal, mixed, superactive,
the northwest corner of sec. 28, T. 13 N., R. 15 W. nonacid, thermic Lithic Torriorthents
A—0 to 1 inch; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) gravelly
Typical Pedon
sandy loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist;
moderate thin platy structure; slightly hard, friable, Typical pedon of Cellar very gravelly sandy loam in an
nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine roots; many area of Cellar-Rock outcrop complex, dry, 20 to 60
fine vesicular pores; 25 percent gravel; strongly percent slopes; latitude of 34 degrees, 33 minutes, 36
effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); abrupt seconds north and a longitude of 114 degrees, 06
smooth boundary. minutes, 22 seconds west; 300 feet south and 30 feet
Bw—1 to 7 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) gravelly east of the northwest corner of sec. 13, T. 14 N., R. 18
coarse sandy loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; W.
weak fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very A—0 to 2 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)
friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few fine roots; very gravelly sandy loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR
common very fine tubular pores; 25 percent gravel; 4/4) moist; weak thin platy structure; slightly hard,
134 Soil Survey
friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common fine roots; effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt
many fine vesicular pores; 40 percent gravel, 10 smooth boundary.
percent cobble, 5 percent stone; noneffervescent; Bw—1 to 8 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) very gravelly
moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt smooth boundary. clay loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist;
Bw—2 to 10 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) weak fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard,
very gravelly sandy loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR friable, very sticky and very plastic; common very fine
4/4) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; roots; common very fine tubular pores; 40 percent
slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH
fine roots; common fine vesicular pores; 50 percent 8.0); abrupt smooth boundary.
gravel; noneffervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); Bkqm—8 to 10 inches; silica and calcium carbonate
abrupt wavy boundary. cemented hardpan with a discontinuous troweled
2Cr—10 to 13 inches; slightly weathered granite; surface.
abrupt wavy boundary. 2R—10 inches; fractured basalt.
2R—13 inches; granite.
Range in Characteristics
Range in Characteristics
Depth to duripan: 5 to 20 inches; has a thin (1/4 inch to
Depth to bedrock: 4 to 20 inches 2 inches) laminar cap in some pedons
Depth to bedrock: 7 to 20 inches
A horizon:
Effervescence: strong to violent
Rock fragments: 35 to 55 percent gravel, cobble, and
stone A horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
Bw horizon:
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist
Texture: sandy loam, loam
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
Rock fragments: 35 to 60 percent gravel
Rock fragments: 25 to 80 percent stone, cobble, and
gravel
Cherioni Series Texture: clay loam, loam
Bw horizon:
Depth class: Very shallow and shallow
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist
Permeability: Moderate
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
Landform: Fan terraces
Rock fragments: 35 to 60 percent, predominantly
Parent material: Alluvium from volcanic rock
gravel
Slope range: 2 to 15 percent
Texture: clay loam, loam
Elevation: 1,600 to 2,900 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 7 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F Chiricahua Series
Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days
Classification: Loamy skeletal, mixed, superactive, Depth class: Shallow to bedrock (paralithic)
hyperthermic, shallow Typic Haplodurids Drainage class: Well drained
Permeability: Slow
Typical Pedon
Landform: Hills and mountains
Typical pedon of Cherioni very cobbly loam in an area Parent material: Alluvium derived from granite
of Cherioni very cobbly loam, 2 to 15 percent slopes; Slope: 5 to 35 percent
latitude of 34 degrees, 20 minutes, 34 seconds north Elevation: 3,400 to 5,600 feet
and a longitude of 113 degrees, 39 minutes, 47 Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 16 inches
seconds west; 1,500 feet south and 800 feet west of Mean annual air temperature: 57 to 61 degrees F
the northeast corner of sec. 36, T. 12 N., R. 14 W. Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days
A—0 to 1 inch; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) Classification: Clayey, mixed, superactive, thermic,
very cobbly loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) shallow Ustic Haplargids
moist; moderate thin platy structure; slightly hard, very
Typical Pedon
friable, very sticky and moderately plastic; few very
fine roots; few fine vesicular pores; 25 percent gravel, Typical pedon of Chiricahua very gravelly sandy loam
25 percent cobble, 1 percent boulder; slightly in an area of Romero-Chiricauhua-Rock outcrop
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 135
complex, 5 to 35 percent slopes; about 600 feet east Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
and 2,400 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. sources
36, T. 16 N., R 15 W. Slope: 2 to 15 percent
A—0 to 1 inch; brown (10YR 5/3) very gravelly Elevation: 600 to 1,800 feet
sandy loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 6 inches
granular structure; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F
and nonplastic; common very fine roots; common very Frost-free period: 270 to 320 days
fine tubular pores; 40 percent gravel, 10 percent Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive,
cobble; noneffervescent; neutral (pH 7.2); abrupt hyperthermic Typic Calciargids
smooth boundary.
Bt1—1 to 6 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) Typical Pedon
sandy clay, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; moderate very
Typical pedon of Chuckawalla extremely gravelly silt
fine subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, slightly
loam in an area of Chuckawalla-Riverbend complex, 2
sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine roots;
to 15 percent slopes; latitude of 34 degrees, 58
common very fine tubular pores; common faint clay
minutes, 42 seconds north and a longitude of 114
films on faces of peds and lining pores; 10 percent
degrees, 25 minutes, 10 seconds west; 1,500 feet
gravel; noneffervescent; neutral (pH 7.2); clear wavy
south and 500 feet east of the northwest corner of sec.
boundary.
04, T. 18 N., R. 20 W.
Bt2—6 to 14 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)
E—0 to 1 inch; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) extremely
sandy clay, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) moist;
gravelly silt loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; moderate
moderate very fine subangular blocky structure; hard,
medium platy structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly
firm, slightly sticky and moderately plastic; few very
sticky and slightly plastic; few fine roots; many fine
fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; common
vesicular pores; 75 percent gravel, strongly
faint clay films on faces of peds and lining pores; 10
effervescent; 15 percent cobble; slightly alkaline (pH
percent gravel; noneffervescent; slightly alkaline (pH
7.6); abrupt smooth boundary.
7.4); abrupt smooth boundary.
Btz—1 to 5 inches; reddish brown (5YR 5/3) gravelly
Bt3—14 to 16 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)
loam, reddish brown (5YR 4/4) moist; weak fine
gravelly sandy clay, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6)
subangular blocky structure; slightly sticky and slightly
moist; moderate very fine subangular blocky structure;
plastic; few fine roots; few fine irregular pores;
hard, firm, slightly sticky and moderately plastic; few
common faint clay films on faces of peds; few fine salt
very fine roots; common very fine tubular pores;
crystals; strongly effervescent; 25 percent gravel;
common faint clay films on faces of peds and lining
slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); abrupt smooth boundary.
pores; 30 percent gravel; noneffervescent; slightly
Btkz—5 to 20 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) very
alkaline (pH 7.4); abrupt smooth boundary.
gravelly loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; weak fine
2Cr—16 to 22 inches; slightly weathered granite.
subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable,
2R—22 inches; unweathered granite.
slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine roots; few
Range in Characteristics fine irregular pores; few thin clay films on faces of
peds; few fine salt crystals; common fine soft calcium
Depth to paralithic contact: 10 to 20 inches
carbonate masses; violently effervescent; 55 percent
Depth to lithic contact: 20 to 40 inches
gravel; moderately alkaline (pH 7.8); clear wavy
A horizon: boundary.
Rock fragments: 35 to 70 percent gravel Ck1—20 to 29 inches; light brown (7 5YR 6/4)
extremely gravelly loamy sand, brown (7.5YR 5/4)
Bt horizons:
moist; massive; slightly hard; friable, nonsticky and
Texture: sandy clay, clay
nonplastic; few fine irregular pores; violently
Rock fragments: less than 35 percent gravel
effervescent; 70 percent gravel; moderately alkaline
(pH 8.0); abrupt wavy boundary.
Chuckawalla Series Ck2—29 to 34 inches; pink (7.5YR 8/3) very
gravelly sandy loam, gray (7.5YR 7/3) moist; massive;
Depth class: Very deep hard, firm, nonsticky and nonplastic; few fine irregular
Drainage class: Well drained pores; common fine soft calcium carbonate masses;
Permeability: Moderate violently effervescent; 55 percent gravel; moderately
Landform: Fan terraces alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt wavy boundary.
136 Soil Survey
Ck3—34 to 60 inches; pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/3) very extremely gravelly silt loam, strong brown (7.5YR 5/6)
gravelly loamy sand, light brown (7.5YR 6/3) moist; moist; moderate medium platy structure; hard, friable,
massive; hard, firm, nonsticky and nonplastic; few fine moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common
irregular pores; many large soft calcium carbonate very fine roots; many very fine irregular pores; 5
masses, strongly effervescent; 55 percent gravel; percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately
moderately alkaline (pH 8.0). alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt smooth boundary.
Btz—1 to 10 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) very gravelly
Range in Characteristics
loam, dark red (2.5YR 3/6) moist; weak fine subangular
Salinity: slight to strong blocky structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and
Rock fragments: average 35 to 60 percent in the slightly plastic; common very fine tubular pores; few
control section. faint clay films on faces of peds and lining pores; few
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 15 to 25 percent fine masses of salt; few thin soft calcium carbonate
filaments and threads; strongly effervescent; 45
E horizon:
percent gravel; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); clear
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
smooth boundary.
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist
Btk—10 to 23 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) very
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
gravelly sandy clay loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist;
Btz horizon: weak fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard,
Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist roots; common very fine tubular pores; few faint clay
films on faces of peds and lining pores; few thin soft
Ck horizons:
calcium carbonate masses and filaments; strongly
Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR
effervescent; 35 percent gravel; moderately alkaline
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
(pH 8.2); abrupt smooth boundary.
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
2Bk—23 to 60 inches; light reddish brown (5YR 6/4)
Texture: loamy sand, sandy loam
very gravelly sandy loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist;
weak fine subangular blocky structure; hard, very
friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine
Chuckawalla family tubular pores; common moderately thick calcium
carbonate coatings on faces of peds and gravel;
Depth class: Very deep
violently effervescent; 65 percent gravel; moderately
Drainage class: Well drained
alkaline (pH 8.2).
Permeability: Moderate
Landform: Fan terraces Range in Characteristics
Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Use of the "Chuckawalla family" reference term is a
sources
convention to reduce name length and implies no
Slope range: 2 to 15 percent
specific use of a soil series, reduced mapping
Elevation: 600 to 1,800 feet
intensity, or range of properties beyond that which is
Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 7 inches
described in the map unit description and database.
Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F
Use, management, and interpretations are not affected.
Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days
Salinity: slight to strong
Classification: Loamy skeletal, mixed, superactive,
hyperthermic Typic Calciargids A horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
Typical Pedon
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist
Typical pedon of Chuckawalla family extremely Chroma: 4 through 6, dry or moist
gravelly silt loam in an area of Chuckawalla-Riverbend
Btz horizon:
families complex, 2 to 15 percent slopes; latitude of 34
Hue: 2.5YR, 5YR, 7.5YR
degrees, 17 minutes, 03 seconds north and a longitude
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
of 113 degrees, 36 minutes, 59 seconds west; 1,500
Few to many fine masses of salt
feet south and 2,500 feet west of the northeast corner
of sec. 21, T. 11 N., R. 13 W. Bk horizons:
Surface fragment coverage: 80 to 100 percent Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR
gravel as desert pavement. Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
A—0 to 1 inches; reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) Chroma: 3 or 4
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 137
Texture: loamy sand, fine sandy loam, sandy loam Range in Characteristics
Depth to duripan: 4 to 20 inches
Cipriano Series Rock fragments: 35 to 60 percent gravel and cobble
Effervescence: slight to violent
Depth class: Very shallow and shallow
A horizon:
Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
Permeability: Moderate
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
Landform: Fan terraces
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
Parent material: Alluvium derived from volcanic rock
Rock fragments: 35 to 60 percent stone, cobble and/or
Slope range: 2 to 10 percent
gravel
Elevation: 500 to 1,500 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 7 inches Bw and Bk horizons:
Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F Value: 6 or 7 dry, 4 to 6 moist
Frost-free period: 250 to 325 Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
Classification: Loamy skeletal, mixed, superactive, Calcium carbonate: 15 to 40 percent
hyperthermic, shallow Typic Haplodurids
Typical Pedon
Cline Series
Typical pedon of Cipriano very stony loam in an area of
Cipriano very stony loam, 2 to 10 percent slopes; Depth class: Very shallow and shallow
latitude of 34 degrees, 21 minutes, 48 seconds north Drainage class: Well drained
and a longitude of 113 degrees, 42 minutes, 22 Permeability: Moderate
seconds west; 600 feet north and 2,200 feet east of Landform: Mesas
the southwest corner of sec. 22, T. 12 N., R. 14 W. Parent material: Alluvium from volcanic rock
A—0 to 1 inch; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) very stony Slope range: 2 to 15 percent
loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; weak medium platy Elevation: 2,400 to 4,900 feet
structure parting to weak fine granular; slightly hard, Mean annual precipitation: 7 to 12 inches
friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F
fine roots; many very fine vesicular pores; 20 percent Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days
gravel and gravel-size pan fragments, 10 percent Classification: Loamy skeletal, mixed, superactive,
cobble, 25 percent stone; strongly effervescent; thermic, shallow Typic Haplodurids
moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt wavy boundary.
Typical Pedon
Bw—1 to 5 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) very
gravelly loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; weak fine Typical pedon of Cline very stony loam in an area of
subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, Cline very stony loam, 2 to 15 percent slopes; latitude
slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine of 34 degrees, 31 minutes, 41 seconds north and a
roots; many very fine tubular pores; 35 percent gravel longitude of 113 degrees, 24 minutes, 27 seconds
and gravel-size pan fragments; violently effervescent; west; 1,600 feet south and 50 feet east of the
moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear smooth boundary. northwest corner of sec. 27, T. 14 N., R. 11 W.
Bk—5 to 10 inches; pink (7.5YR 7/4) very gravelly A—0 to 1 inch; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) very
loam, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) moist; massive; soft, stony loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist;
friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common weak thin platy structure; soft, very friable, slightly
very fine roots; few very fine vesicular pores; 40 sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine roots; few
percent gravel and gravel-size pan fragments; calcium very fine tubular pores; 25 percent gravel, 15 percent
carbonate coatings on underside of gravel; violently stone, 5 percent cobble; violently effervescent; slightly
effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt alkaline (pH 7.6); abrupt smooth boundary.
smooth boundary. Bw—1 to 11 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)
2Bkqm—10 inches; indurated silica-calcium very gravelly loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)
carbonate-cemented duripan with laminar layer on moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; slightly
upper surface. hard, friable, slightly sticky and moderately plastic;
138 Soil Survey
common very fine root; common very fine tubular Btl—1 to 19 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) very
pores; 25 percent gravel and 10 percent cobble; gravelly sandy clay loam, yellowish red (5YR 4/6)
violently effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); abrupt moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; soft,
smooth boundary. very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;
2Bkqm—11 to 18 inches: indurated duripan with a common fine roots; common very fine tubular pores;
troweled laminar cap. few faint clay films on faces of peds and lining pores;
3R—18 inches: basalt bedrock. 55 percent gravel; noneffervescent; slightly alkaline
(pH 7.6); clear smooth boundary.
Range in Characteristics
Bt2—19 to 39 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay,
Depth to duripan: 4 to 18 inches strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) moist; moderate medium
Depth to bedrock: 7 to 20 inches prismatic structure parting to moderate medium
subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable, very sticky
A horizon:
and very plastic; few medium roots; common very fine
Hue: 10YR, 7.5YR
tubular pores; common distinct clay films on faces of
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
peds and lining pores; noneffervescent; slightly
Chroma: 3 or 4 dry or moist
alkaline (pH 7.8); abrupt smooth boundary.
Effervescence: strong or violent
Bk—39 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR
Bw horizon: 6/4) clay loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist;
Texture: Fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loam (15 to 25 moderate medium subangular blocky; hard, friable,
percent clay) slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine roots;
Rock fragments: 35 to 70 percent gravel, cobble and/or few very fine tubular pores; violently effervescent;
stone. common very fine soft calcium carbonate masses;
moderately alkaline (pH 8.0).
Continental Series Range in Characteristics
Depth to calcic horizon: 20 to 40 inches
Depth class: Very deep
Rock fragments: 0 to 35 percent gravel or cobble
Drainage class: Well drained
Permeability: Slow A horizon:
Landform: Fan terraces Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
sources Texture: loam, sandy loam
Slope range: 2 to 15 percent
Bt horizons:
Elevation: 1,600 to 3,700 feet
Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR
Mean annual precipitation: 7 to 12 inches
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F
Chroma: 4 or 6 moist
Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days
Texture: clay loam, sandy clay, clay
Classification: Fine, mixed, superactive, thermic Vertic
Calciargids Bk horizon:
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
Typical Pedon
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 15 to 25 percent within
Typical pedon of Continental very gravelly sandy loam the calcic horizon
in an area of Continental-Tres Hermanos complex, 2 to
15 percent slopes; latitude of 34 degrees, 34 minutes,
25 seconds north and a longitude of 113 degrees, 46 Coolidge Series
minutes, 43 seconds west; 3,950 feet south and 150
feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 12, T. 14 N., Depth class: Very deep
R. 15 W. Drainage class: Well drained
A—0 to 1 inch; brown (7.5YR 5/4) very gravelly Permeability: Moderately rapid
sandy loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; moderate thin Landform: Stream terraces and fan terraces
platy structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
nonplastic; few very fine roots; few very fine irregular sources
pores; 35 percent gravel; noneffervescent; slightly Slope range: 1 to 5 percent
alkaline (pH 7.6); abrupt smooth boundary. Elevation: 600 to 1,200 feet
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 139
Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 7 inches C horizon:
Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
Classification: Coarse loamy, mixed, superactive, Chroma: 2 through 4, dry or moist
hyperthermic Typic Haplocalcids
Typical Pedon Coolidge family
Typical pedon of Coolidge gravelly sandy loam in an Depth class: Very deep
area of Coolidge-Denure complex, 1 to 7 percent Drainage class: Well drained
slopes; latitude of 34 degrees, 43 minutes, 58 seconds Landform: Stream terraces and fan terraces
north and a longitude of 114 degrees, 11 minutes, 53 Parent material: Mixed alluvium
seconds west; 700 feet south and 1,300 feet west of Slope range: 1 to 7 percent
the northeast corner of sec. 13, T. 16 N., R. 19 W. Permeability: Moderately rapid
A—0 to 2 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) Elevation: 500 to 1,200 feet
gravelly sandy loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 6 inches
moist; weak thin platy structure; soft, very friable, Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F
nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine roots; few very Frost free period: 250 to 325 days
fine irregular pores; 15 percent gravel; strongly Classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive,
effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); abrupt smooth hyperthermic Typic Haplocalcids
boundary.
Typical Pedon
Bk1—2 to 27 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR
6/4) sandy loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; Typical pedon of Coolidge family gravelly loam in an
weak fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very area of Coolidge-Denure families complex, 1 to 7
friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine percent slopes; latitude of 34 degrees, 46 minutes, 06
roots; common very fine irregular pores; many very seconds north and a longitude of 114 degrees, 28
fine soft calcium carbonate seams and filaments; minutes, 02 seconds west; 1,400 feet north, 800 feet
violently effervescent; 10 percent gravel; moderately west of the southeast corner of sec. 14, T. 16 N., R.
alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt smooth boundary. 21 W.
Bk2—27 to 46 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/3) sandy A—0 to 2 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) gravelly loam,
loam, brown (7.5YR 5/3) moist; moderate medium brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; moderate medium platy
subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, structure; soft, friable, slightly sticky and slightly
nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine roots; few very plastic; common fine roots; many very fine vesicular
fine irregular pores; common soft calcium carbonate pores; few fine soft calcium carbonate masses and
masses in stratified lenses, few fine calcium carbonate calcium carbonate coatings on undersides of gravel;
coatings on the undersides of gravel; violently strongly effervescent; 30 percent gravel; slightly
effervescent; 5 percent gravel; moderately alkaline (pH alkaline (pH 7.8); clear wavy boundary.
8.0); clear smooth boundary. Bk1—2 to 8 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) gravelly
C—46 to 60 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) gravelly sandy loam, brown (7.5YR 5/4) moist; weak medium
sandy loam, brown (7.5YR 5/4) moist; massive; soft, subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable,
very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few fine roots; nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine roots;
few very fine irregular pores; 30 percent gravel; slightly common very fine tubular pores; few fine soft calcium
effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0). carbonate masses and calcium carbonate coatings on
undersides of gravel; strongly effervescent; 15 percent
Range in Characteristics
gravel; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); clear wavy boundary.
Bk2—8 to 29 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) sandy
A horizon:
loam, brown (7.5YR 5/4) moist; weak medium
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable,
Chroma: 2 through 4, dry or moist
nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine roots;
Bk horizons: common very fine tubular pores; few fine soft calcium
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR carbonate masses and calcium carbonate coatings on
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist undersides of gravel; strongly effervescent; 5 percent
Chroma: 2 through 4, dry or moist gravel; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); clear wavy boundary.
Calcium carbonate: 15 to 25 percent Bk3—29 to 41 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/3) sandy
140 Soil Survey
loam, brown (7.5YR 5/3) moist; massive; slightly hard, of 113 degrees, 24 minutes, 01 seconds west; 2,200
friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few fine roots; feet south and 1,900 feet east of the northwest corner
common fine tubular pores; common fine soft calcium of sec. 15, T. 16 N., R. 11 W.
carbonate masses; strongly effervescent; 10 percent A—0 to 2 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very cobbly
gravel; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt wavy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak fine granular
boundary. structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and
2Bk4—41 to 60 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) slightly plastic; common very fine roots; common very
gravelly sand, brown (7.5YR 5/4) moist; single grain; fine tubular pores; 5 percent stone, 20 percent cobble,
loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine roots, 20 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly
many fine irregular pores; few fine soft calcium alkaline (pH 7.6); abrupt smooth boundary.
carbonate masses; strongly effervescent; 25 percent C—2 to 12 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) extremely
gravel; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0). gravelly loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; massive;
slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly
Range in Characteristics
plastic; many very fine roots; common fine tubular
Depth to a calcic horizon: 8 to 30 inches pores; 70 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 15 to 30 percent within alkaline (pH 7.8); abrupt smooth boundary.
the calcic horizon 2R—12 inches; basalt bedrock.
A horizon: Range in Characteristics
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
Use of the "Courthouse family" reference term is a
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
convention to reduce name length and implies no
Chroma: 2 through 4, dry or moist
specific use of a soil series, reduced mapping
Bk horizons: intensity, or range of properties beyond that which is
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR described in the map unit description and database.
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist Use, management, and interpretations are not affected.
Chroma: 2 through 4, dry or moist Depth to bedrock: 4 to 20 inches
Texture: sandy loam, loam Calcium carbonate equivalent: 1 to 15 percent
Texture: loam, sandy loam
2Bk4 horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR A horizon:
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
Chroma: 2 through 4, dry or moist Value: 4 or 5 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
C horizon:
Courthouse family Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
Value: 4 or 5 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Depth class: Very shallow and shallow
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
Drainage class: Well drained
Rock fragments: 35 to 75 percent gravel, cobble and/or
Permeability: Moderate
stone
Landform: Hills and mountains
Parent material: Alluvium and colluvium from volcanics
Slope range: 15 to 70 percent Denure Series
Elevation: 3,800 to 5,200 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 16 inches Depth class: Very deep
Mean annual air temperature: 57 to 61 degrees F Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days. Permeability: Moderately rapid
Classification: Loamy skeletal, mixed, superactive, Landform: Stream terraces and fan terraces
calcareous, thermic Lithic Ustic Torriorthents Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
sources
Typical Pedon
Slope range: 1 to 7 percent
Typical pedon of Courthouse family very cobbly loam Elevation: 600 to 1,200 feet
in an area of Courthouse family-Rock outcrop-Rubble Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 7 inches
land complex, 40 to 70 percent slopes; latitude of 34 Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F
degrees, 43 minutes, 45 seconds north and a longitude Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 141
Classification: Coarse loamy, mixed, superactive, Bw horizons:
hyperthermic, Typic Haplocambids Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
Typical Pedon
Chroma: 4 through 6, dry or moist
Typical pedon of Denure loamy sand in an area of Texture: coarse sandy loam, sandy loam
Coolidge-Denure complex, 1 to 7 percent slopes;
Bk horizon:
latitude of 34 degrees, 44 minutes, 22 seconds north
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
and a longitude of 114 degrees, 13 minutes, 10
Value: 4 through 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
seconds west; 3,700 feet south and 2,800 feet east of
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
the northwest corner of sec. 11, T. 16 N., R. 19 W.
Texture: sandy loam, coarse sandy loam
A—0 to 2 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)
loamy sand, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; weak C horizon:
thin platy structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
nonplastic; common very fine foots; few fine irregular Value: 4 through 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
pores slightly effervescent; 10 percent gravel; Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt smooth boundary. Texture: sandy loam, coarse sandy loam
Bw1—2 to 7 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR
6/4) loamy sand, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist;
weak fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very Denure family
friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine roots;
Depth class: Very deep
few fine irregular pores; strongly effervescent; 10
Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
percent gravel; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear
Permeability: Moderately rapid
smooth boundary.
Landform: Stream terraces and fan terraces
Bw2—7 to 18 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6)
Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
gravelly coarse sandy loam, strong brown (7.5YR 4/6)
sources
moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; soft,
Slope range: 1 to 7 percent
very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine
Elevation: 500 to 1,200 feet
roots; common fine interstitial pores; slightly
Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 6 inches
effervescent; 25 percent gravel; moderately alkaline
Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F
(pH 8.2); clear smooth boundary.
Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days
Bk—18 to 27 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 4/6)
Classification: Coarse loamy, mixed, superactive,
coarse sandy loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; weak
hyperthermic Typic Haplocambids
fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable,
nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine roots; common Typical Pedon
fine interstitial pores; slightly effervescent with areas
Typical pedon of Denure family very gravelly loamy
that are noneffervescent; 10 percent gravel;
sand in an area of Coolidge-Denure families complex, 1
moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear smooth boundary.
to 7 percent slopes; latitude of 34 degrees, 46 minutes,
C—27 to 60 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 4/6)
30 seconds north and a longitude of 114 degrees, 28
coarse sandy loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; massive;
minutes, 39 seconds west; 1,500 feet south and 1,500
soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very
feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 14, T. 16 N.,
fine roots; common fine interstitial pores;
R. 21 W.
noneffervescent with areas that are slightly
A—0 to 1 inch; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) very gravelly
effervescent; 10 percent gravel; moderately alkaline
loamy sand, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; weak thin platy
(pH 8.2).
structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic;
Range in Characteristics common fine roots; few fine irregular pores; strongly
effervescent; 45 percent gravel; slightly alkaline (pH
Rock fragments: 10 to 35 percent
7.4); abrupt wavy boundary.
Effervescence: slight to violent
AB—1 to 11 inches; reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6)
Calcium carbonate equivalent: less than 15 percent
loamy sand, strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) moist; single
A horizon: grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; common fine
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR roots; few fine irregular pores; strongly effervescent; 20
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist percent gravel; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); abrupt wavy
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist boundary.
142 Soil Survey
Bw—11 to 32 inches; reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) Flooding: None
sandy loam, strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) moist; weak Landform: stream terraces
medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few fine roots; few sources
fine tubular pores; calcium carbonate coatings on Slope range: 1 to 3 percent
undersides of gravel, few fine calcium carbonate Elevation: 2,000 to 3,800 feet
filaments; 5 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; Mean annual precipitation: 7 to 12 inches
slightly alkaline (pH7.8); clear wavy boundary. Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F
Bk—32 to 60 inches; reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days
sandy loam; strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) moist; massive; Classification: Sandy-skeletal, mixed, thermic Typic
soft, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few fine roots; Torriorthents
few fine tubular pores; common fine soft calcium
carbonate masses; violently effervescent; 5 percent Typical Pedon
gravel; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2).
Typical pedon of Dudleyville gravelly loamy sand in an
Range in Characteristics area of Dudleyville-Vinton-Riverwash complex, dry, 1
to 3 percent slopes; latitude of 34 degrees, 28 minutes,
Use of the "Denure family" reference term is a
07 seconds north and a longitude of 113 degrees, 38
convention to reduce name length and implies no
minutes, 20 seconds west; 1,900 feet south and 1,500
specific use of a soil series, reduced mapping
feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 17, T. 13 N.,
intensity, or range of properties beyond that which is
R. 13 W.
described in the map unit description and database.
A—0 to 2 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)
Use, management, and interpretations are not affected.
gravelly loamy sand, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)
Effervescence: slight to violent
moist; moderate thin platy structure; soft, very friable,
A horizon: nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine roots; common
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist very fine irregular pores; strongly effervescent; 20
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist percent gravel; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); abrupt smooth
Rock fragments: 15 to 50 percent gravel boundary.
C1—2 to 12 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)
AB horizon:
gravelly loamy coarse sand, yellowish brown (10YR
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
5/4) moist; single grain; loose, nonsticky and
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
nonplastic; few fine roots; common very fine irregular
Chroma: 4 through 6, dry or moist
pores; slightly effervescent; 25 percent gravel; slightly
Texture: loamy sand, coarse sandy loam, sandy
alkaline (pH 7.8); abrupt smooth boundary.
loam
C2—12 to 21 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR
Bw horizon: 6/4) very gravelly coarse sand, yellowish brown (10YR
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR 5/4) moist; single grain; loose, nonsticky and
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist nonplastic; few fine roots; common very fine irregular
Chroma: 4 through 6, dry or moist pores; slightly effervescent; 40 percent gravel;
Texture: sandy loam, loam moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt smooth
boundary.
Bk horizon:
C3—21 to 31 inches; light yellowish brown
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
(10YR 6/4) very gravelly coarse sand, dark
Value: 4 through 6 dry, 3 through 5 moist
yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; single grain; loose,
Chroma: 3 through 6, dry or moist
nonsticky and nonplastic; few fine roots; common very
Texture: sandy loam, coarse sandy loam
fine irregular pores; slightly effervescent; 55 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent: less than 15 percent
gravel; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt smooth
Rock fragments: 5 to 35 percent
boundary.
C4—31 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR
Dudleyville Series 6/4) very gravelly coarse sand, dark yellowish brown
(10YR 4/4) moist; single grain; loose, nonsticky and
Depth class: Very deep nonplastic; few fine roots; common very fine irregular
Drainage class: Excessively drained pores; slightly effervescent; 50 percent gravel;
Permeability: Very rapid moderately alkaline (pH 8.0).
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 143
Range in Characteristics fine tubular pores; few faint clay films on ped faces
and in pores; 30 percent gravel; strongly effervescent;
Rock fragments: 30 to 70 percent gravel, average is
few very fine soft seams and filaments of calcium
more than 35 percent in the particle-size control
carbonate; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear smooth
section.
boundary.
Effervescence: Slight to violent
2Bk—41 to 60 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) very
A horizon: gravelly coarse sandy loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist;
Rock fragments: 15 to 35 percent gravel weak fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very
friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine roots;
C horizons:
few very fine tubular pores; 40 percent gravel; strongly
Texture: loamy sand, loamy coarse sand, coarse sand
effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0).
Range in Characteristics
Dutchflat Series
Calcium carbonate equivalent: less than 10 percent
Depth class: Very deep Depth to calcium carbonate: more than 9 inches;
Drainage class: Well drained commonly 20 to 31 inches
Permeability: Moderate Rock fragments: average less than 35 percent in the
Landform: Fan terraces control section
Parent material: Mixed igneous and metamorphic
A horizon:
alluvium
Hue: 10YR, 7.5YR
Slope range: 0 to 3 percent
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
Elevation: 2,400 to 4,800 feet
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 9 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F Bt horizon:
Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days Hue: 10YR, 7.5YR
Classification: Fine loamy, mixed, superactive, thermic Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
Typic Haplargids Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
Texture: sandy clay loam, clay loam (20 to 35 percent
Typical Pedon
clay)
Typical pedon of Dutchflat fine sandy loam in an area Rock fragments: 15 to 35 percent
of Dutchflat fine sandy loam, dry, 1 to 3 percent
Btk and Bk horizons:
slopes; latitude of 35 degrees, 05 minutes, 02 seconds
Hue: 10YR, 7.5YR
north and a longitude of 114 degrees, 12 minutes, 34
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
seconds west; 200 feet north and 350 feet east of the
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
southwest corner of sec. 29, T. 20 N., R. 18 W.
Rock fragments: 15 to 60 percent gravel
A—0 to 2 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)
Some pedons have nongravelly coarse sandy loam C
fine sandy loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist;
horizons beneath the argillic.
common medium platy structure; soft, very friable,
slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine
roots; common very fine irregular pores; 10 percent Eba taxadjunct
gravel; noneffervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8);
abrupt smooth boundary. Depth class: Very deep
Bt—2 to 28 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) gravelly Drainage class: Well drained
sandy clay loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; weak fine Permeability: Slow
subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, slightly Landform: Fan terraces
sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine roots; Parent material: Mixed igneous and metamorphic
common very fine tubular pores; few faint clay films on alluvium
ped faces and in pores; 30 percent gravel; Slope range: 10 to 25 percent
noneffervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear Elevation: 2,000 to 4,000 feet
smooth boundary. Mean annual precipitation: 7 to 12 inches
2Btk—28 to 41 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) gravelly Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F
sandy clay loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; weak fine Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days
subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, slightly Classification: Clayey skeletal, mixed, superactive,
sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine roots; few very thermic Typic Haplargids
144 Soil Survey
Typical Pedon A horizon:
Value: 3 or 4 moist
Typical pedon of Eba very gravelly sandy loam in an
area of Stagecoach-Topawa family-Eba complex, dry, Bt horizons:
10 to 50 percent slopes; latitude of 34 degrees, 52 Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR
minutes, 03 seconds north and a longitude of 113 Value: 4 or 5 dry, 3 or 4 moist
degrees, 43 minutes, 25 seconds west; 3,600 feet Texture: clay loam, sandy clay loam, sandy clay, clay
south and 350 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. Rock fragments: 35 to 60 percent gravel and cobble
11, T. 17 N., R. 14 W.
C horizon:
A—0 to 1 inch; brown (7.5YR 5/4) very gravelly
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
sandy loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) moist; weak thin
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
platy structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and
Chroma: 4 through 6, dry or moist
nonplastic; few very fine roots; common very fine
tubular pores; noneffervescent; 40 percent gravel;
slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); abrupt smooth boundary. Eba family
Bt1—1 to 16 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) very
gravelly sandy clay, dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) Depth class: Very deep
moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; Drainage class: Well drained
slightly hard, firm, very sticky and very plastic; Permeability: Slow
common very fine roots; common very fine tubular Landform: Fan terraces
pores; common distinct clay films on faces of peds Parent material: Alluvium derived from metamorphic
and lining pores; noneffervescent; 35 percent gravel, 5 rock and/or igneous rock
percent cobble; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); clear smooth Slope: 10 to 25 percent
boundary. Elevation: 3,000 to 4,200 feet
Bt2—16 to 28 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) very Mean annual precipitation: 9 to 12 inches
gravelly sandy clay, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; Mean annual air temperature: 57 to 64 degrees F
moderate medium subangular blocky structure; slightly Frost-free period: 200 to 230 days
hard, firm, very sticky and very plastic; few very fine Classification: Clayey-skeletal, mixed, superactive,
roots; common very fine tubular pores; common thermic Typic Calciargids
distinct clay films on faces of peds and lining pores;
Typical Pedon
noneffervescent; 35 percent gravel, 5 percent cobble;
slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); clear wavy boundary. Typical pedon of Eba family very gravelly sandy loam
BC—28 to 38 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) very in an area of Nickel-Topawa-Eba families complex, 10
gravelly sandy clay loam, dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) to 50 percent slopes; latitude of 35 degrees, 09
moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; minutes, 14 seconds north and a longitude of 113
slightly hard, firm, slightly sticky and moderately degrees, 47 minutes, 46 seconds west; 550 feet north
plastic; few very fine roots; common very fine tubular and 1,050 feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 32,
pores; few faint clay films on faces of peds and lining T. 21 N., R. 14 W.
pores; noneffervescent; 35 percent gravel; slightly A—0 to 1 inch; brown (7.5YR 5/3) very gravelly
alkaline (pH 7.6); clear wavy boundary. sandy loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) moist; weak fine
C—38 to 60 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) granular structure; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky
very gravelly sandy loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and nonplastic; many very fine roots; many fine
moist; massive; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky irregular pores; noneffervescent; 45 percent gravel, 10
and nonplastic; few very fine roots; few very fine percent cobble; neutral (pH 7.2); abrupt wavy
pores; noneffervescent; 35 percent gravel, 10 percent boundary.
cobble; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0). Bt1—1 to 8 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/3) very
gravelly clay, dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) moist;
Range in Characteristics
strong medium subangular blocky structure; very hard,
This component is a taxadjunct to the Eba Series. The very firm, very sticky and very plastic; many very fine
Eba series classifies as a clayey-skeletal, mixed, roots; common very fine tubular pores; many distinct
superactive, thermic Typic Calciargids. This clay films on faces of peds; noneffervescent; 40
component does not have a calcic horizon. Use and percent gravel, 10 percent cobble; neutral (pH 7.2);
management are not affected. clear wavy boundary.
Reaction: neutral to slightly alkaline Bt2—8 to 32 inches; reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) very
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 145
gravelly clay, dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) moist; Parent material: Alluvium derived from granite
strong medium subangular blocky structure; very hard, Slope range: 10 to 25 percent
very firm, very sticky and very plastic; common very Elevation: 3,500 to 4,800 feet
fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; many Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 16 inches
distinct clay films on faces of peds; noneffervescent; Mean annual air temperature: 57 to 61 degrees F
55 percent gravel; neutral (pH 7.2); clear wavy Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days
boundary. Classification: Clayey-skeletal, mixed, superactive,
Bt3—32 to 52 inches; reddish brown (5YR 5/4) very thermic Ustic Haplargids
gravelly sandy clay, reddish brown (5YR 4/4) moist;
Typical Pedon
moderate medium subangular blocky structure; very
hard, very firm, very sticky and very plastic; common Typical pedon of Eloma very cobbly sandy loam in an
very fine roots; few very fine tubular pores; many area of Tombstone-Caralampi-Eloma complex, 10 to 50
distinct clay films on faces of peds; noneffervescent; percent slopes; latitude of 35 degrees, 04 minutes, 14
35 percent gravel, 15 percent cobble; neutral (pH 7.2); seconds north and a longitude of 113 degrees, 48
abrupt wavy boundary. minutes, 19 seconds west; 3,500 feet south and 1,400
2Bkb—52 to 60 inches; pinkish white (7.5YR 8/2) feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 31, T. 20 N.,
very gravelly loam, pinkish gray (7.5YR 7/2) moist; R. 14 W.
massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and A—0 to 1 inch; brown (10YR 4/3) very cobbly sandy
slightly plastic; few very fine roots; few fine irregular loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine granular
pores; many large soft calcium carbonate masses; structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic;
violently effervescent; 40 percent gravel; moderately many very fine roots; many very fine irregular pores;
alkaline (pH 8.0). 10 percent gravel, 30 percent cobble; noneffervescent;
neutral (pH 7.2); abrupt smooth boundary.
Range in Characteristics
Bw—1 to 3 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/3) very cobbly
Use of the "Eba family" reference term is a convention sandy clay loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) moist; weak
to reduce name length and implies no specific use of a very fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard,
soil series, reduced mapping intensity, or range of very friable, moderately sticky and slightly plastic;
properties beyond that which is described in the map common fine roots; common very fine tubular pores;
unit description and database. Use, management, and 25 percent gravel, 30 percent cobble; noneffervescent;
interpretations are not affected. slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); clear wavy boundary.
Bt1—3 to 40 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) very cobbly
A horizon:
clay, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; strong fine subangular
Value: 3 or 4 moist
blocky structure; hard, firm, very sticky and very
Chroma: 3 or 4 moist
plastic; common fine roots; few very fine tubular pores;
Rock fragments: 40 to 60 percent cobble and gravel
common thin clay films on faces of peds and lining
Bt horizons: pores; 20 percent gravel, 20 percent cobble;
Hue: 2.5YR, 5YR noneffervescent; discontinuous areas are slightly
Value: 4 or 5 dry, 3 or 4 moist effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); clear wavy
Texture: sandy clay loam, sandy clay, clay boundary.
Rock fragments: 35 to 60 percent gravel and cobble Bt2—40 to 60 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) extremely
cobbly sandy clay, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; strong
2Bkb horizon:
fine subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, very sticky
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
and very plastic; common fine roots; few very fine
Value: 5 through 8 dry, 4 through 7 moist
tubular pores; common clay films on faces of peds and
Chroma: 2 through 6, dry or moist
lining pores; 30 percent gravel, 30 percent cobble;
slightly effervescent; few discontinuous areas of
calcium carbonate threads and filaments; slightly
Eloma Series alkaline (pH 7.8).
Depth class: Very deep Range in Characteristics
Drainage class: Well drained
Permeability: Slow A and Bw horizons:
Landform: Fan terraces Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
146 Soil Survey
Value: 4 or 5 dry Range in Characteristics
Rock fragments: 40 to 60 percent cobble and gravel
Depth to bedrock: 5 to 20 inches
Bt horizons: Organic matter content: greater than 2 percent
Hue: 2.5YR, 5YR, 7.5YR Reaction: Slightly acid to strongly acid
Value: 4 or 5 dry Rock fragments: 35 to 60 percent boulders, cobble,
Texture: clay loam, sandy clay, clay flagstone, and/or gravel
Rock fragments: 40 to 70 percent cobble and gravel
A horizons:
Effervescence: none to slight
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
Value: 3 or 4 dry, 2 or 3 moist
Far Series Chroma: 1 or 2 moist
Depth class: Very shallow and shallow
Drainage class: Well drained Fluvaquents
Permeability: Moderate
Landform: Hills and mountains Depth class: Very deep
Parent material: Mixed alluvium and colluvium Drainage class: moderately well to very poorly drained
dominated by granite Permeability: Excessive
Slope range: 10 to 45 percent Flooding: Frequent
Elevation: 5,800 to 8,000 feet Landform: flood plains
Mean annual precipitation: 16 to 20 inches Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 57 degrees F sources
Frost-free period: 100 to 190 days Slope range: 0 to 3 percent
Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, Elevation: 3,700 to 3,800 feet
mesic, Lithic Haplustolls Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 16 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 61 degrees F
Typical Pedon
Frost free period: 180 to 210 days
Typical pedon of Far very bouldery loam in an area of Classification: Fluvaquents
Far-Rock outcrop complex, 10 to 45 percent slopes;
Typical Pedon
latitude of 35 degrees, 5 minutes, 48 seconds north
and a longitude of 113 degrees, 54 minutes, 14 Typical pedon of Fluvaquents extremely cobbly loamy
seconds west; 800 feet north and 1,600 feet west of sand in an area of Riverwash-Fluvaquents association,
the southeast corner of sec. 19, T .20 N., R.15W. 0 to 3 percent slopes; latitude of 34 degrees, 49
Al—0 to 5 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR minutes, 43 seconds north and a longitude of 113
3/2) very bouldery loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; degrees, 26 minutes, 06 seconds west; 1,900 feet
moderate thin platy structure parting to weak fine south and 1,800 feet east of the northwest corner of
granular; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and sec. 27, T. 17 N., R. 11 W.
nonplastic; many very fine and few fine roots; many C1—0 to 5 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)
very fine interstitial pores; 30 percent boulders and 5 extremely cobbly loamy sand, dark yellowish brown
percent gravel; strongly acid (pH 5.2); clear wavy (10YR 4/4) moist; massive; soft, very friable,
boundary. nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine roots; many
A2—5 to 9 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) very gravelly very fine irregular pores; 30 percent gravel, 45 percent
loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; weak fine granular cobble; noneffervescent; neutral (pH 7.2); abrupt
structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and smooth boundary.
nonplastic; many very fine and few fine roots; many C2—5 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)
very fine tubular pores; 40 percent gravel; strongly acid sand with discontinuous layers of sandy clay loam,
(pH 5.6); abrupt wavy boundary. dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; massive;
2R—9 inches; fractured granite, fractures are slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic;
greater than 4 inches apart. few very fine roots; many very fine irregular pores; 5
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 147
percent gravel, 5 percent cobble; noneffervescent; gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH
neutral (pH 7.2). 8.0); abrupt wavy boundary.
C3—33 to 60 inches; pink (7.5YR 7/4) gravelly
Range in Characteristics
loamy sand, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) moist; massive;
Effervescence: none to moderate soft, very friable, few fine roots; few fine irregular
pores; 20 percent gravel; slightly effervescent;
C2 horizon:
moderately alkaline (pH 8.0).
Texture: sand or loamy sand with discontinuous strata
of sandy loam through clay loam Range in Characteristics
Rock fragments: 5 to 30 percent cobble, 5 to 45
Stratification: few thin strata of finer or coarser material
percent gravel.
in part or all of the control section
A horizon:
Franconia Series Hue: 10YR, 7.5YR
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
Depth class: Very deep
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Texture: sandy loam, fine sandy loam
Permeability: Moderately rapid
Flooding: Very rare to rare in the winter, occasional in C horizons:
the summer Hue: 10YR, 7.5YR
Landform: Alluvial fans and flood plains Value: 5 through 7 dry, 4 through 6 moist
Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
sources Texture: loamy sand, sand
Slope: 1 to 3 percent Rock fragments: 0 to 25 percent gravel
Elevation: 1,500 to 3,900 feet Calcium carbonate equivalent: 5 to 10 percent
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 12 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F
Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days Gadsden Series
Classification: Sandy, mixed, thermic Typic
Torrifluvents Depth class: Very deep
Drainage class: Well drained
Typical Pedon
Permeability: Slow
Typical pedon of Franconia sandy loam in an area of Flooding: None
Arizo-Franconia-Riverwash complex, 1 to 3 percent Landform: Flood plains (protected)
slopes; latitude of 34 degrees, 39 minutes, 43 seconds Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
north and a longitude of 114 degrees, 05 minutes, 18 sources
seconds west; 50 feet north and 100 feet west of the Slope range: 0 to 1 percent
southeast corner of sec. 01, T. 15 N., R. 18 W. Elevation: 400 to 500 feet
A—0 to 2 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) sandy Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 6 inches
loam, brown (7.5YR 5/4) moist; moderate thin platy Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F
structure; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days
nonplastic; common fine roots; many fine tubular Classification: Fine, smectitic, calcareous,
pores; 5 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly hyperthermic Vertic Torrifluvents
alkaline (pH 7.6); abrupt wavy boundary.
Typical Pedon
C1—2 to 18 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) loamy
sand, brown (7.5YR 5/4) moist; massive; soft, very Typical pedon of Gadsden silty clay in an area of
friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common fine roots; Gadsden silty clay, 0 to 1 percent slopes; latitude of
common fine irregular pores; 10 percent gravel; 34 degrees, 52 minutes, 47 seconds north and a
strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); clear longitude of 114 degrees, 33 minutes, 42 seconds
wavy boundary. west; 300 feet south and 300 feet east of the northwest
C2—18 to 33 inches; pink (7.5YR 7/4) stratified corner of sec. 07, T. 17 N., R. 21 W.
loamy sand, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) moist; massive; Az—0 to 2 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty
soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common clay, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist;
fine roots; common fine irregular pores; 5 percent moderate medium platy structure; hard, firm,
148 Soil Survey
moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine Mean annual precipitation: 7 to 12 inches
roots; many very fine tubular pores; many medium salt Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F
crystals; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days
8.0); clear wavy boundary. Classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive,
Cz1—2 to 28 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) weakly calcareous, thermic Typic Torrifluvents
stratified clay, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)
Typical Pedon
moist; massive; hard, firm, very sticky and very
plastic; few very fine roots; many very fine tubular Typical pedon of Gila very fine sandy loam in an area
pores; common pressure faces; common iron stains on of Gila-Glendale complex, dry, 1 to 3 percent slopes;
faces of peds and in root channels; many fine salt latitude of 34 degrees, 44 minutes, 20 seconds north
crystals; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH and a longitude of 113 degrees, 36 minutes, 39
7.8); clear wavy boundary. seconds west; 1,700 feet north and 1,800 feet east of
Cz2—28 to 56 inches; pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2) the southwest corner of sec. 10, T. 16 N., R. 13 W.
weakly stratified clay, brown (7.5YR 4/2) moist; Az—0 to 4 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)
massive; hard, firm, very sticky and very plastic; few very fine sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist;
fine roots; many very fine tubular pores; common moderate medium granular structure; slightly hard,
pressure faces; many iron stains on faces of peds and friable, nonsticky and slightly plastic; common fine
in root channels; many fine salt crystals; slightly roots; common fine tubular pores; common fine salt
effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); abrupt wavy crystals; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH
boundary. 8.0); abrupt smooth boundary.
2C—56 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) C1—4 to 12 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)
stratified very fine sandy loam and silt loam, brown stratified silt loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; massive;
(10YR 4/3) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;
nonsticky and nonplastic; few fine tubular pores; many common fine roots; common fine tubular pores; few
iron stains; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline fine salt crystal; strongly effervescent; moderately
(pH 8.0). alkaline (pH 8.0); clear wavy boundary.
C2—12 to 21 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR
Range in Characteristics
6/4) stratified very fine sandy loam, brown (10YR 5/3)
Effervescence: slight to violent moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and
Salinity (ECe): 2 to 12 dS/m slightly plastic; common fine roots; common fine
Sodicity (SAR): 4 to 20 tubular pores; few iron stains; strongly effervescent;
moderately alkaline (pH 7.8); abrupt wavy boundary.
A horizon:
C3—21 to 29 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3)
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
stratified loamy fine sand and fine sand, brown (10YR
Value: 3 or 4 moist
4/3) moist; massive; soft, very friable, nonsticky and
Chroma: 2 through 4, dry or moist
nonplastic; few fine roots; common fine irregular pores;
Texture: silty clay, clay
many iron stains; strongly effervescent; moderately
Cz horizon: alkaline (pH 7.8); abrupt wavy boundary.
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR C4—29 to 60 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3)
Value: 4 through 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist stratified silty clay loam and fine sandy loam; brown
Chroma: 2 through 4, dry or moist (10YR 4/3) moist; massive; hard, firm, moderately
Texture: clay, silty clay sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine roots; few
very fine tubular pores; many iron stains; strongly
effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 7.8).
Gila Series
Range in Characteristics
Depth class: Very deep
Drainage class: Well drained
A horizon:
Permeability: Moderate
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
Flooding: Occasional
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
Landform: Alluvial fans and flood plains
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
sources C horizons:
Slope range: 1 to 3 percent Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
Elevation: 1,800 to 2,600 feet Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 149
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist. sand, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; single grain; loose,
few medium irregular pores; 5 percent gravel; strongly
effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH7.6).
Glendale Series
Range in Characteristics
Depth class: Very deep
Drainage class: Well drained C1, C2, C3 horizons:
Permeability: Moderately slow Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
Flooding: Occasional Texture: silt loam, silty clay loam
Landform: Alluvial fans and flood plains
C4 horizon:
Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
sources
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Slope range: 1 to 3 percent
Not present in all pedons.
Elevation: 1,800 to 2,600 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 7 to 12 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F Goldroad Series
Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days
Classification: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, Depth class: Shallow and very shallow
calcareous, thermic Typic Torrifluvents Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Permeability: Moderately rapid over bedrock
Typical Pedon
Landform: Hills and mountains
Typical pedon of Glendale silty clay loam in an area of Parent material: Mixed igneous and metamorphic
Gila-Glendale complex, dry, 1 to 3 percent slopes; alluvium and colluvium
latitude of 34 degrees, 46 minutes, 16 seconds north Slope range: 20 to 60 percent
and a longitude of 113 degrees, 36 minutes, 49 Elevation: 1,400 to 3,000 feet
seconds west; 2,400 feet south and 900 feet east of Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 6 inches
the northwest corner of sec. 34, T. 16 1/2 N., R. 13 W. Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F
Ap—0 to 10 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) silty clay Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days
loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) moist; strong medium Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive,
granular structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky and calcareous, hyperthermic Lithic Torriorthents
moderately plastic; common fine roots; many fine
Typical Pedon
tubular pores; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline
(pH 7.8); clear wavy boundary. Typical pedon of Goldroad extremely gravelly sandy
C1—10 to 21 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR loam in an area of Goldroad-Rock outcrop complex, 20
6/4) silty clay loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; to 60 percent slopes; latitude of 35 degrees, 51
weak medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, minutes, 04 seconds north and a longitude of 114
moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common degrees, 38 minutes, 56 seconds west; 70 feet south
fine roots; common fine tubular pores; strongly and 610 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 05, T.
effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); gradual wavy 28 N., R. 22 W.
boundary. A—0 to 2 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)
C2—21 to 37 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR extremely gravelly sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3)
6/4) silty clay loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; weak fine granular structure; soft, very friable,
moist; massive; hard, firm, moderately sticky and nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine roots;
moderately plastic; few fine roots; common fine tubular common very fine tubular pores; 50 percent gravel, 10
pores; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); percent cobble; strongly effervescent, 9 percent
abrupt wavy boundary. calcium carbonate equivalent; moderately alkaline (pH
C3—37 to 54 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 8.0); abrupt smooth boundary.
6/4) silt loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; Bw—2 to 13 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)
massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and very gravelly sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist;
moderately plastic; few very fine roots; few fine tubular weak fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very
pores; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine
(pH8.0); abrupt wavy boundary. roots; common very fine tubular pores; 40 percent
C4—54 to 60 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) coarse gravel, strongly effervescent; 10 percent calcium
150 Soil Survey
carbonate equivalent; the undersides of flat gravel Bw1—1 to 7 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2)
have thin calcium carbonate coatings; moderately clay, dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) moist; moderate
alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt smooth boundary. medium subangular blocky structure; hard, very firm,
2R—13 inches; granite bedrock. very sticky and very plastic; many very fine roots;
common fine tubular pores; neutral (pH 7.0) clear wavy
Range in Characteristics
boundary.
Rock fragments: 35 to 75 percent granitic gravel and Bw2—7 to 14 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay,
cobble dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) moist; strong medium
Depth to bedrock: 4 to 20 inches subangular blocky structure; very hard, very firm, very
Reaction: slightly or moderately alkaline sticky and very plastic; many very fine roots; few fine
Clay content: 5 to 18 percent tubular pores; neutral (pH 7.0) abrupt wavy boundary.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 1 to 10 percent 2Cr—14 to 17 inches; weathered tuff.
2R—17 inches; tuff.
A horizon:
Hue: 10YR, 7.5YR Range in Characteristics
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
Depth to bedrock: 10 to 20 inches
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
Rock fragments: average less than 15 percent in the
Bw horizon: control section
Hue: 10YR, 7.5YR Organic matter: less than 3 percent in the surface
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 through 6 moist
A horizon:
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR
Texture: sandy loam, coarse sandy loam; dominantly
Value: 4 or 5 dry
coarse and very coarse in the sand fraction
Chroma: 2 or 3, dry or moist
B horizon:
Gonzales Series Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR
Value"2 through 4, dry or moist
Depth class: Shallow to bedrock (paralithic)
Chroma: 2 through 4, dry or moist
Drainage class: Well drained
Texture: clay, sandy clay (40 to 55 percent clay)
Permeability: Slow
Landform: Hills and mountains
Parent material: Alluvium derived from volcanic rock Goodsprings family
Slope: 5 to 35 percent
Elevation: 3,800 to 5,800 feet Depth class: Shallow and very shallow to petrocalcic
Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 16 inches Drainage class: Well drained
Mean annual air temperature: 57 to 61 degrees F Permeability: Moderate
Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Landform: Fan terraces
Classification: Clayey, smectitic, thermic, shallow Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Ustic Haplocambids sources
Slope: 1 to 35 percent
Typical Pedon
Elevation: 1,450 to 3,800 feet
Typical pedon of Gonzales very cobbly sandy clay Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 12 inches
loam in an area of Gonzales-Rock outcrop complex, 15 Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F
to 35 percent slopes; latitude of 34 degrees, 51 Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days
minutes, 44 seconds north and a longitude of 113 Classification: Loamy, mixed, superactive, thermic,
degrees, 24 minutes, 55 seconds west; 200 feet south shallow Typic Petrocalcids
and 2,500 feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 14,
Typical Pedon
T. 17 N., R. 11 W.
A—0 to 1 inch; reddish gray (5YR 5/2) very cobbly Typical pedon of Goodsprings family gravelly sandy
sandy clay loam, dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) moist; loam in an area of Goodsprings family gravelly sandy
moderate fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable, loam, dry, 1 to 15 percent slopes; latitude of 34
moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many very degrees, 32 minutes, 09 seconds north and a longitude
fine roots; many very fine irregular pores; 20 percent of 114 degrees, 02 minutes, 36 seconds west; 2,300
cobble and 25 percent gravel; neutral (pH 7.0); abrupt feet north and 2,200 feet west of the southeast corner
wavy boundary. of sec. 21, T. 14 N., R. 17 W.
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 151
A—0 to 2 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) Permeability: Slow
gravelly sandy loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) Landform: Hills and mountains
moist; moderate thin platy structure; slightly hard, Parent material: Alluvium derived from igneous rock
friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine roots; Slope: 2 to 40 percent
many very fine vesicular pores; 30 percent gravel and Elevation: 4,000 to 5,500 feet
gravel-size pan fragments; strongly effervescent; Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 16 inches
moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear wavy boundary. Mean annual air temperature: 57 to 61 degrees F
Bk1—2 to 9 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days
gravelly loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; Classification: Clayey, smectitic, thermic Lithic Ustic
massive; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and Haplargids
nonplastic; many very fine roots; many very fine
tubular pores; 20 percent gravel and gravel-size pan Typical Pedon
fragments; common fine soft calcium carbonate
Typical pedon of Graham very cobbly loam in an area
masses; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline
of Graham-Rock outcrop complex, 10 to 40 percent
(pH 8.0); abrupt wavy boundary.
slopes; latitude of 35 degrees, 06 minutes, 12 seconds
Bk2—9 to 18 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3)
north and a longitude of 113 degrees, 26 minutes, 33
gravelly loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) moist; massive;
seconds west; 2,150 feet south and 820 feet east of
hard, firm, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common
the northwest corner of sec. 21, T. 20 N., R. 11 W.
very fine roots; few very fine tubular pores; 20 percent
A—0 to 2 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/2) very cobbly
gravel and gravel-size pan fragments; many large soft
loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) moist; moderate medium
calcium carbonate masses; violently effervescent;
granular structure; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and
moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); abrupt wavy boundary.
nonplastic; many fine roots; many fine vesicular pores;
2Bkm—18 to 39 inches; calcium carbonate
noneffervescent; 30 percent gravel, 20 percent cobble,
cemented hardpan.
5 percent stone; neutral (pH 6.8); abrupt wavy
3C—39 to 60 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3)
boundary.
extremely gravelly loamy coarse sand, yellowish brown
Bt1—2 to 7 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/3) clay loam,
(10YR 5/4) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable,
dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) moist; weak medium
nonsticky and nonplastic, many very fine irregular
subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, moderately
pores; 75 percent gravel; strongly effervescent;
sticky and moderately plastic; common fine roots;
moderately alkaline (pH 8.2).
common fine tubular pores; few faint clay films on
Range in Characteristics faces of peds; noneffervescent; 5 percent gravel, 5
percent cobble; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4) clear wavy
Use of the "Goodsprings family" reference term is a
boundary.
convention to reduce name length and implies no
Bt2—7 to 14 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/3) clay, dark
specific use of a soil series, reduced mapping
brown (7.5YR 3/3) moist; moderate medium subangular
intensity, or range of properties beyond that which is
blocky structure; very hard, very firm, very sticky and
described in the map unit description and database.
very plastic; common fine roots; common fine tubular
Use, management, and interpretations are not affected.
pores; few faint clay films on faces of peds; common
Depth to calcium carbonate cemented hardpan: 4 to 20
pressure faces; noneffervescent; 5 percent gravel, 2
inches
percent cobble; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); abrupt
Rock fragments: 15 to 35 percent gravel and gravel-
irregular boundary.
sized pan fragments
2R—14 inches; andesite.
A horizon:
Range in Characteristics
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
Rock fragments: average 1 to 35 percent in the
Bk horizon:
particle-size control section.
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 5 to 15 percent A horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
Value: 4 or 5 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Graham Series Chroma: 2 or 3, dry or moist
Reaction: neutral to moderately alkaline
Depth class: Very shallow and shallow to bedrock
(lithic) Bt horizons:
Drainage class: Well drained Value: 4 or 5 dry, 3 or 4 moist
152 Soil Survey
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist 6/4) extremely gravelly coarse sandy loam, dark
Texture: clay, clay loam yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; massive; slightly
Reaction: slightly or moderately alkaline hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very
fine roots; few fine irregular pores; few fine soft
calcium carbonate masses; weakly cemented with
Gunsight Series calcium carbonate; violently effervescent; 70 percent
gravel; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt wavy
Depth class: Very deep
boundary.
Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
C—50 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)
Permeability: Moderately rapid
extremely gravelly loamy sand, yellowish brown (10YR
Landform: Fan terraces
5/4) moist; single grain; loose, nonsticky and
Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
nonplastic; common very fine irregular pores; slightly
sources
effervescent; 75 percent gravel; moderately alkaline
Slope range: 2 to 40 percent
(pH 8.0).
Elevation: 400 to 2,600 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 7 inches Range in Characteristics
Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F
Depth to a calcic horizon: 6 to 20 inches
Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days
Rock fragments: 35 to 75 percent
Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive,
Clay content: 5 to 18 percent in the particle-size
hyperthermic Typic Haplocalcids
control section
Typical Pedon
A horizon:
Typical pedon of Gunsight very gravelly sandy loam in Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
an area of Gunsight very gravelly sandy loam, 10 to 40 Value: 6 or 7 dry, 5 or 6 moist
percent slopes; latitude of 34 degrees, 26 minutes, 57 Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
seconds north and a longitude of 114 degrees, 13 Texture: sandy loam, loam
minutes, 23 seconds west; 100 feet north and 3,250
Bw horizon:
feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 23, T. 13 N.,
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
R. 19 W.
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 5 or 6 moist
A—0 to 3 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/4) very
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
gravelly sandy loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)
Texture: sandy loam, loam
moist; weak thin platy structure; slightly hard, very
friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; many very fine Bk horizons:
roots; many very fine irregular pores; strongly Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
effervescent; 30 percent gravel, 10 percent cobble; Value: 5 through 7 dry, 4 through 6 moist
moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear wavy boundary. Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
Bw—3 to 6 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) Calcium carbonate equivalent: 15 to 30 percent
very gravelly sandy loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR
C horizon:
4/4) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure;
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 5 or 6 moist
slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and
Texture: loamy sand, sandy loam, coarse sandy loam
nonplastic; many very fine roots; many very fine
irregular pores; violently effervescent; 40 percent
gravel; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear wavy Hassell family
boundary.
Bkl—6 to 28 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) Depth class: Moderately deep to bedrock (paralithic)
extremely gravelly sandy loam, dark yellowish brown Drainage class: Well drained
(10YR 4/4) moist; massive; slightly hard, very friable, Permeability: Slow
nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine roots; few Landform: Hills and mountains
fine irregular pores; common fine soft calcium Parent material: Alluvium derived from granite
carbonate masses and coatings on undersides of Slope: 10 to 30 percent
gravel; violently effervescent; 70 percent gravel; Elevation: 5,000 to 6,800 feet
moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear wavy boundary. Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 16 inches
Bk2—28 to 50 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR Mean annual air temperature: 58 to 60 degrees F
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 153
Frost-free period: 170 to 190 days Depth to weathered bedrock: 20 to 40 inches
Classification: Fine, smectitic, thermic Ustertic Reaction: slightly acid or neutral
Haplargids
A horizon:
Typical Pedon Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
Value: 3 or 4, dry or moist
Typical pedon of Hassell family loam in an area of
Chroma: 2 or 3, dry or moist
Hassell family-Lampshire-Rock outcrop complex, 10 to
30 percent slope; latitude of 35 degrees, 05 minutes, Bt horizons:
25 seconds north and a longitude of 113 degrees, 52 Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR, 10YR
minutes, 27 seconds west; 1,600 feet south and 2,000 Value: 4 or 5, dry or moist
feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 28, T. 20 N., Chroma: 4 to 6, dry or moist
R. 15 W. Texture: clay, clay loam
A—0 to 4 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loam, very dark
grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate thin and
medium platy structure; hard, friable, slightly sticky Holtville Series
and slightly plastic; many very fine roots; many very
fine irregular pores; noneffervescent; 10 percent gravel; Depth class: Very deep
slightly acid (pH 6.5); abrupt wavy boundary. Drainage class: Well drained
Bt1—4 to 13 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) clay, Permeability: Slow
reddish brown (5YR 4/4) moist; strong fine and medium Flooding: None
subangular blocky structure; very hard, firm, Landform: Flood plains (protected)
moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many very Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
fine, common fine and medium roots; many very fine sources
tubular pores; many prominent clay films on faces of Slope range: 0 to 1 percent
peds and lining pores; noneffervescent; 5 percent Elevation: 500 to 700 feet
gravel; neutral (pH 6.8); clear wavy boundary. Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 6 inches
Bt2—13 to 24 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F
clay, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; strong fine and medium Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days
subangular blocky structure; very hard, firm, Classification: Clayey over loamy, smectitic over
moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many very mixed, superactive, calcareous, hyperthermic
fine, common fine and medium roots; many very fine Typic Torrifluvents
tubular pores; many distinct clay films on faces of
Typical Pedon
peds; noneffervescent; 10 percent gravel; neutral (pH
6.8); clear wavy boundary. Typical pedon of Holtville silty clay in an area of
Bt3—24 to 33 inches; reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) Holtville silty clay, 0 to 1 percent slopes; latitude of 35
gravelly clay loam, strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) moist; degrees, 04 minutes, 41 seconds north and a longitude
weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; of 114 degrees, 36 minutes, 07 seconds west; 3,200
hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; feet north and 2,100 feet west of the southeast corner
many very fine and medium roots; many very fine of sec. 32, T. 20 N., R. 22 W.
tubular pores; few faint clay films on faces of peds; Az—0 to 2 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) silty clay, very
noneffervescent; 15 percent gravel; neutral (pH 6.8); dark gray (10YR 3/1) moist; strong thin platy structure;
abrupt wavy boundary. hard, firm, very sticky and very plastic; few very fine
2Cr—33 to 47 inches; weathered granite (grus); roots; few fine tubular pores; many fine salt crystals;
common yellowish red (5YR 4/6) clay coatings; few slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0);
black stains; many very fine roots matted in fractures. clear wavy boundary.
2R—47 inches; granite bedrock. Cz1—2 to 23 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) clay,
brown (10YR 4/3) moist; massive; very hard, very firm,
Range in Characteristics
very sticky and very plastic; few very fine roots; many
Use of the "Hassell family" reference term is a very fine tubular pores; many fine salt crystals; many
convention to reduce name length and implies no medium iron stains; many pressure faces; strongly
specific use of a soil series, reduced mapping effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear wavy
intensity, or range of properties beyond that which is boundary.
described in the map unit description and database. Cz2—23 to 31 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3)
Use, management, and interpretations are not affected. silty clay, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; massive; hard, firm,
154 Soil Survey
very sticky and very plastic; few very fine roots; many latitude of 35 degrees, 53 minutes, 43 seconds north
fine tubular pores; many fine salt crystals; many and a longitude of 114 degrees, 31 minutes, 56
medium iron stains; many pressure faces; strongly seconds west; 300 feet north and 200 feet west of the
effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.7); abrupt wavy southeast corner of sec. 16, T. 29 N., R. 21 W.
boundary. A—0 to 2 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) very
2Cz3—31 to 42 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR gravelly loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist;
6/4) very fine sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; common thick platy structure; slightly hard, very
massive; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine
nonplastic; few very fine roots; many very fine tubular roots; many fine vesicular pores; 65 percent gravel;
pores; many fine iron stains; strongly effervescent; strongly effervescent; 7 percent calcium carbonate
slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); clear wavy boundary. equivalent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt smooth
2Cz4—42 to 60 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) fine boundary.
sand, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; single grain; loose, Bw—2 to 9 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) very gravelly
nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine roots; many sandy loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; weak fine
fine irregular pores; slightly effervescent; slightly subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable,
alkaline (pH 7.8). nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine roots; few
very fine tubular pores; 40 percent gravel; strongly
Range in Characteristics
effervescent, 10 percent calcium carbonate equivalent;
Depth to contrasting particle-size (2Cz horizon): 20 to moderately alkaline; (pH 8.0); clear wavy boundary.
35 inches Bkq—9 to 27 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR
Effervescence: slight to strong 6/4) very gravelly sandy loam, dark yellowish brown
Salinity (ECe): 2 to 12 dS/m (10YR 4/4) moist; weak fine subangular blocky
Sodicity (SAR): 4 to 20 structure; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and
nonplastic; common very fine roots; common very fine
Az horizon:
tubular pores; 50 percent gravel; violently effervescent;
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 3 through 5 moist
15 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; many large
Chroma: 1 through 3
soft calcium carbonate masses; gravel has 0.3-
Cz horizons: millimeter-thick calcium carbonate coatings on
Value: 5 through 7 dry, 3 or 4 moist undersides; common nodules that are weakly
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist cemented with silica; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2);
Texture: silty clay, clay clear wavy boundary.
Bk—27 to 40 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR
6/4) extremely gravelly sandy loam; dark yellowish
Huevi Series brown (10YR 4/4) moist; weak fine subangular blocky
structure; hard, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few
Depth class: Very deep fine roots; common very fine interstitial pore; 65
Drainage class: Well drained percent gravel; violently effervescent; 15 percent
Permeability: Moderately rapid calcium carbonate equivalent; large irregularly shaped
Landform: Fan terraces soft to hard calcium carbonate masses; moderately
Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock alkaline (pH 8.2); clear wavy boundary.
sources 2C—40 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR
Slope range: 2 to 40 percent 6/4) very gravelly loamy sand; dark yellowish brown
Elevation: 600 to 3,00 feet (10YR 4/4) moist; massive; slightly hard, very friable,
Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 6 inches nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine roots; few very
Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F fine interstitial pores; 55 percent gravel; violently
Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days effervescent; 6 percent calcium carbonate; moderately
Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, alkaline (pH 8.4).
hyperthermic Durinodic Haplocalcids
Range in Characteristics
Typical Pedon
Rock fragments: 35 to 75 percent gravel
Typical pedon of Huevi very gravelly loam in an area of Reaction: Slightly or moderately alkaline
Huevi very gravelly loam, 2 to 15 percent slopes; Organic matter content: less than 1 percent
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 155
Calcic horizon: Begins above 20 inches. Calcium percent cobble; slightly effervescent; moderately
carbonate and coatings on gravel make up greater alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt smooth boundary.
than 15 percent calcium carbonate equivalent. 2R—7 inches; basalt bedrock.
A horizon: Range in Characteristics
Value: 5 through 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist
Depth to bedrock: 5 to 20 inches
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 2 to 10 percent
Bw horizon: Content of rock fragments: 35 to 75 percent gravel and
Value: 5 through 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist cobble and/or stone
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist Texture of the fine earth fraction: loam, sandy loam
Bk and Bkq horizons: Bw horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
Indio Series
Hyder Series Depth class: Very deep
Drainage class: Well drained
Depth class: Very shallow and shallow Permeability: Moderate
Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained Flooding: None
Permeability: Moderate Landform: Flood plains (protected)
Landform: Hills and mountains Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Parent material: Alluvium and colluvium from sources
volcanics Slope range: 0 to 1 percent
Slope range: 35 to 70 percent Elevation: 500 to 1,000 feet
Elevation: 500 to 3,200 feet Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 6 inches
Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 7 inches Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F
Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days
Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days Classification: Coarse-silty, mixed, superactive,
Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, calcareous, hyperthermic Typic Torrifluvents
calcareous, hyperthermic Lithic Torriorthents
Typical Pedon
Typical Pedon
Typical pedon of Indio silt loam in an area of Indio silt
Typical pedon of Hyder extremely stony loam in an loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes; latitude of 34 degrees, 53
area of Hyder-Rock outcrop-Rubble land complex, 40 minutes, 53 seconds north and a longitude of 114
to 70 percent slopes; latitude of 34 degrees, 25 degrees, 34 minutes, 43 seconds west; 1,050 feet
minutes, 48 seconds north and a longitude of 113 north and 550 feet east of the southwest corner of sec.
degrees, 44 minutes, 11 seconds west; 150 feet south 36, T. 18 N., R. 22 W.
and 800 feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 33, T. A—0 to 4 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)
13 N., R. 14 W. silt loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak thin platy
A—0 to 2 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) extremely structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and
stony loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; weak fine slightly plastic; many fine roots; many fine vesicular
granular structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and pores; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH
nonplastic; many very fine roots; many very fine 8.0); clear wavy boundary.
irregular pores; 20 percent gravel, 30 percent cobble, AC—4 to 8 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)
20 percent stone; slightly effervescent; moderately silt loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) moist;
alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt smooth boundary. massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and
Bw—2 to 7 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) extremely slightly plastic; many fine roots; many very fine
cobbly loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; weak fine irregular pores; strongly effervescent; moderately
subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, alkaline (pH 8.0); clear wavy boundary.
slightly sticky and nonplastic; many very fine roots; Cz1—8 to 46 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR
many very fine tubular pores; 40 percent gravel, 30 6/4) silt loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; massive;
156 Soil Survey
slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; Typical Pedon
many very fine roots; few fine tubular pores; common
Typical pedon of Ireteba family gravelly sandy loam in
fine salt crystals; many medium iron stains; strongly
an area of Ireteba family-Arizo complex, 1 to 3 percent
effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt wavy
slopes; latitude of 35 degrees, 07 minutes, 24 seconds
boundary.
north and a longitude of 113 degrees, 41 minutes, 15
Cz2—46 to 58 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR
seconds west; 50 feet south and 120 feet east of the
6/4) clay, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist;
northwest corner of sec. 17, T. 20 N., R. 13 W.
massive; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately
A—0 to 2 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) gravelly sandy
plastic; few very fine roots; common very fine irregular
loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/4); moist; weak fine
pores; many very fine salt crystals; violently
granular structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and
effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt wavy
nonplastic; many very fine roots; many very fine
boundary.
tubular pores; noneffervescent; 15 percent gravel;
2C—58 to 60 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/4)
neutral (pH 6.8); clear wavy boundary.
sand, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; single grain; loose,
C1—2 to 10 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) sandy loam,
nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine roots; many
dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) moist; moderate medium
very fine vesicular pores; slightly effervescent;
subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable,
moderately alkaline (pH 8.0).
nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine roots;
Range in Characteristics common very fine tubular pores; noneffervescent; 10
percent gravel; neutral (pH 7.0); clear wavy boundary.
Effervescence: slight to violent
C2—10 to 19 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) gravelly
Salinity (ECe): 2 to 12 dS/m
sandy loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) moist, moderate
Sodicity (SAR): 4 to 20
medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard,
Texture: silt loam, very fine sandy loam (less than 18
friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine roots;
percent clay and less than 15 percent fine sand or
common very fine tubular pores; noneffervescent; 15
coarser sand); finer or coarser textures occur
percent gravel; neutral (pH 7.0) clear wavy boundary.
below 40 inches.
C3—19 to 31 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) gravelly
A and AC horizons: sandy loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; massive;
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic;
common fine roots; common very fine tubular pores;
Cz horizons:
few very fine calcium carbonate filaments; strongly
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist
effervescent; 30 percent gravel; slightly alkaline (pH
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
7.4); clear wavy boundary.
2C horizon: C4—31 to 41 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) gravelly
Value: 5 through dry, 3 or 4 moist coarse sandy loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; massive;
Chroma: 3 or 4 dry or moist soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common
very fine roots; common very fine irregular pores; few
very fine calcium carbonate filaments; strongly
Ireteba family effervescent; 25 percent gravel; slightly alkaline (pH
7.4); abrupt wavy boundary.
Depth class: Very deep
C5—41 to 60 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) very
Drainage class: Well drained
gravelly loamy sand, brown (7.5YR 5/4) moist; single
Permeability: Moderately rapid
grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very
Flooding: Rare
fine roots; common very fine irregular pores; few very
Landform: Stream terraces
fine calcium carbonate filaments; strongly
Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
effervescent; 40 percent gravel; slightly alkaline (pH
sources
7.4).
Slope: 1 to 3 percent
Elevation: 2,800 to 4,600 feet
Range in Characteristics
Mean annual precipitation: 9 to 12 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 57 to 64 degrees F Use of the "Ireteba family" reference term is a
Frost-free period: 200 to 230 days convention to reduce name length and implies no
Classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, specific use of a soil series, reduced mapping
calcareous, thermic Typic Torrifluvents intensity, or range of properties beyond that which is
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 157
described in the map unit description and database. tubular pores; 5 percent gravel; strongly effervescent;
Use, management, and interpretations are not affected. 15 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; few soft
calcium carbonate masses; moderately alkaline (pH
A horizon:
8.2); abrupt wavy boundary.
Value: 4 or 5 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Bk2—13 to 24 inches; pinkish gray (7.5YR 7/2)
Coarse fragments: 15 to 25 percent gravel
sandy loam, pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2) moist; weak fine
C horizons: subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable,
Value: 4 to 6 dry, 3 to 5 moist nonsticky and nonplastic; few fine roots; many very
Texture: sandy loam, coarse sandy loam, loamy sand fine tubular pores; 10 percent gravel; violently
Coarse fragments: 10 to 40 percent gravel, average is effervescent; 35 percent calcium carbonate equivalent;
less than 35 percent in the particle-size control 10 percent hard calcium carbonate nodules; few soft
section. calcium carbonate masses; moderately alkaline (PH
8.2); clear wavy boundary.
Bk3—24 to 34 inches; pinkish gray (7.5YR 7/2)
Kinley Series gravelly sandy loam, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) moist;
weak fine subangular blocky structure; hard, firm,
Depth class: Very deep nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine roots; 25
Drainage class: Well drained percent gravel; violently effervescent; 40 percent
Permeability: Moderately rapid calcium carbonate equivalent; continuous calcium
Landform: Fan terraces carbonate coating on peds; common soft calcium
Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock carbonate masses; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear
sources wavy boundary.
Slope: 1 to 35 percent Bk4—34 to 50 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) very
Elevation: 1,600 to 3,500 feet gravelly sandy loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 12 inches moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; hard,
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F firm, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine tubular
Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days pores; 40 percent gravel; violently effervescent; 35
Classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, Calcium carbonate equivalent; continuous calcium
thermic Typic Haplocalcids carbonate coatings on peds; few soft calcium
carbonate masses; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear
Typical Pedon
wavy boundary.
Typical pedon of Kinley gravelly sandy loam in an area C—50 to 60 inches; very pale brown (10YR 8/2)
of Lostman-Kinley complex, 1 to 7 percent slopes; very gravelly sandy loam, light gray (10YR 7/2) moist;
latitude of 34 degrees, 35 minutes, 15 seconds north massive; hard, firm, nonsticky and nonplastic;
and a longitude of 114 degrees, 02 minutes, 27 common very fine tubular pores; 45 percent gravel;
seconds west; 900 feet south and 1,500 feet west of violently effervescent; 35 percent calcium carbonate
the northeast corner of sec. 04, T. 14 N., R. 17 W. equivalent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0).
A—0 to 2 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) gravelly
Range in Characteristics
sandy loam, brown (7.5YR 5/4) moist; moderate thin
platy structure; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky Reaction: slightly or moderately alkaline
and nonplastic; many very fine roots; many fine Depth to the calcic horizon: 5 to 20 inches
irregular pores; 20 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; Calcium carbonate equivalent: 15 to 40 percent
moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear wavy boundary. Rock fragments: average 15 to 35 percent in the
BA—2 to 9 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) sandy particle-size control section
loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; weak fine subangular
A horizon:
blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky
Hue: 10YR, 7.5YR
and nonplastic; many very fine roots; many very fine
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 3 through 5 moist
tubular pores; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
(pH 8.0); clear wavy boundary.
Texture: loamy sand, sandy loam
Bk1—9 to 13 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) sandy
Rock fragments: 0 to 35 percent gravel
loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; weak fine subangular
blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky BA horizon:
and nonplastic; many very fine roots; many very fine Hue: 10YR, 7.5YR
158 Soil Survey
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist pores; few cracks 1/2 inch wide extending to lower
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist boundary; common pressure faces; few fine salt
crystals; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH
Bk horizons:
8.2); clear wavy boundary.
Hue: 10YR, 7.5YR
Cz2—22 to 29 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) stratified
Value: 6 through 8 dry, 4 through 7 moist
silty clay, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist;
Chroma: 2 through 4, dry or moist
massive; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately
Clay content: 5 to 18 percent
plastic; few very fine roots; many very fine tubular
pores; few cracks 1/2 inch wide extending to lower
Kofa Series boundary; common pressure faces; few fine salt
crystals; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH
Depth class: Very deep 8.2); abrupt wavy boundary.
Drainage class: Well drained 2C—29 to 60 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/4)
Permeability: Slow fine sand, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist;
Flooding: None single grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very
Landform: Flood plains (protected) fine roots; many very fine irregular pores;
Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock noneffervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2).
sources
Range in Characteristics
Slope range: 0 to 1 percent
Elevation: 500 to 700 feet Effervescence: none to strong
Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 6 inches Salinity (ECe): 2 to 12 dS/m
Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F Sodicity (SAR): 4 to 20
Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days Depth to contrasting layer: 20 to 40 inches
Classification: Clayey over sandy or sandy-skeletal, Cracking: 1/3 inch to 2 inches wide to a depth of 20
smectitic over mixed, superactive, calcareous, inches or more
hyperthermic Vertic Torrifluvents
A horizons:
Typical Pedon Value: 5 or 6 dry, 3 through 5 moist
Chroma: 3 or 4 dry or moist
Typical pedon of Kofa silty clay in an area of Kofa silty
clay, 0 to 1 percent slopes; latitude of 34 degrees, 55 Cz horizons:
minutes, 18 seconds north and a longitude of 114 Value: 5 or 6 dry, 3 through 5 moist
degrees, 35 minutes, 28 seconds west; 1,000 feet Chroma: 3 or 4 dry or moist
south and 2,000 feet east of the northwest corner of Texture: silty clay, clay
sec. 26, T. 18 N., R. 22 W.
C horizon:
Ap—0 to 6 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) silty clay,
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist
dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate medium platy
Texture: fine sand or sand
structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately
plastic; many very fine roots; many very fine tubular
pores; few cracks 1-1/2 to 2 inches wide extending to Lagunita Series
lower boundary; strongly effervescent; moderately
alkaline (pH 8.0); clear wavy boundary. Depth class: Very deep
Apz—6 to 12 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR Drainage class: Excessively drained
6/4) silty clay, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; massive; hard, Permeability: Rapid
firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few Flooding: None
very fine roots; many very fine tubular pores; few Landform: Flood plains (protected)
cracks 1/2 to 1 inch wide extending to lower boundary; Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
many fine salt crystals; strongly effervescent; sources
moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); abrupt wavy boundary. Slope range: 0 to 3 percent
Cz1—12 to 22 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) Elevation: 500 to 1,400 feet
stratified silty clay, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 6 inches
massive; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F
plastic; few very fine roots; many very fine tubular Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 159
Classification: Mixed, hyperthermic Typic feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 30, T. 18 N.,
Torripsamments R. 16 W.
A—0 to 2 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/3) very stony
Typical Pedon
loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) moist; moderate fine
Typical pedon of Lagunita sand in an unsectionized granular structure; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and
area of Lagunita sand, 0 to 1 percent slopes; latitude of nonplastic; common fine roots; many fine vesicular
34 degrees, 56 minutes, 14 seconds north and a pores; 15 percent stone, 15 percent cobble, and 20
longitude of 114 degrees, 37 minutes, 27 seconds percent gravel; noneffervescent; neutral (pH 6.8); clear
west. wavy boundary.
A—0 to 2 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sand, Bw—2 to 7 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/2) very cobbly
dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; weak thin platy loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) moist; weak medium
structure; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; common subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable,
very fine roots; many very fine irregular pores; nonsticky and nonplastic; common fine roots; common
noneffervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt fine tubular pores; 5 percent stone, 25 percent cobble,
smooth boundary. and 20 percent gravel; noneffervescent; neutral (pH
C—2 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) 7.0); abrupt irregular boundary.
loamy sand, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; single 2R—7 inches; rhyolite bedrock.
grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; 10 percent
gravel; noneffervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); Range in Characteristics
clear smooth boundary.
Depth to bedrock: 5 to 20 inches
Range in Characteristics
A horizon:
Rock fragments: less than 15 percent gravel Value: 3 or 4 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3, dry or moist
A horizon:
Rock fragments: 50 to 60 percent stone, cobble, and
Value: 5 through 7 dry, 3 or 4 moist
gravel
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
Bw horizon:
C horizon:
Value: 3 or 4 moist
Value: 5 through 7 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Texture: sandy loam, loam
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
Rock fragments: 45 to 55 percent stone, cobble, and
Texture: sand, loamy sand
gravel
Lampshire Series
Lostman Series
Depth class: Very shallow and shallow
Drainage class: Well drained Depth class: Very deep
Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid Drainage class: Well drained
Landform: Hills and mountains Permeability: Moderately rapid
Parent material: Alluvium and colluvium from igneous Landform: Stream terraces
and metamorphic rocks Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Slope range: 15 to 70 percent sources
Elevation: 3,300 to 7,200 feet Slope: 1 to 7 percent
Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 16 inches Elevation: 1,600 to 3,200 feet
Mean annual air temperature: 57 to 61 degrees F Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 12 inches
Frost-free period: 170 to 210 days Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F
Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days
nonacid, thermic Lithic Ustic Torriorthents Classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive,
thermic Typic Haplocambids
Typical Pedon
Typical Pedon
Typical pedon of Lampshire very stony loam in an area
of Lampshire-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 60 percent Typical pedon of Lostman sandy loam in an area of
slopes, stony; latitude of 34 degrees, 54 minutes, 43 Lostman-Kinley complex, 1 to 7 percent slopes;
seconds north and a longitude of 114 degrees, 01 latitude of 34 degrees, 39 seconds, 56 minutes north
minutes, 14 seconds west; 2,100 feet north and 200 and longitude of 113 degrees, 59 minutes, 17 seconds
160 Soil Survey
west; 1,140 feet north and 1,290 feet west of the Meloland Series
southeast corner of sec. 1, T. 15 N., R. 17 W.
A—0 to 2 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/3) sandy loam, Depth class: Very deep
brown (7.5YR 4/3) moist; moderate thin platy structure; Drainage class: Well drained
soft, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common fine Permeability: Slow
roots; many fine vesicular pores; noneffervescent; 10 Flooding: None
percent gravel, 2 percent cobble; slightly alkaline (pH Landform: Flood plains (protected)
7.4); abrupt wavy boundary. Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Bw1—2 to 12 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) fine sandy sources
loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; weak medium Slope range: 0 to 1 percent
subangular blocky structure; soft, friable, nonsticky Elevation: 500 to 700 feet
and nonplastic; common fine roots; many very fine Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 6 inches
tubular pores; slightly effervescent; 2 percent gravel; Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees
slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); clear wavy boundary. Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days
Bw2—12 to 27 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) sandy Classification: Coarse-loamy over clayey, mixed,
loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; weak medium superactive, calcareous, hyperthermic Typic
subangular blocky structure; soft, friable, nonsticky Torrifluvents
and nonplastic; few very fine roots; common fine
Typical Pedon
tubular pores; common fine soft calcium carbonate
masses and calcium carbonate coatings on undersides Typical pedon of Meloland very fine sandy loam in an
of gravel; slightly effervescent; 5 percent gravel; area of Meloland very fine sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent
slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); abrupt wavy boundary. slopes; latitude of 34 degrees, 52 minutes, 5 seconds
C1—27 to 38 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) loam, brown north and a longitude of 114 degrees, 31 minutes, 40
(7.5YR 4/4) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, seconds west; 2,550 feet south and 50 feet east of the
nonsticky and slightly plastic; few fine roots; common northwest corner of sec. 7, T. 17 N., R. 21W.
fine tubular pores; strongly effervescent; 5 percent Ap—0 to 8 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very fine
gravel; slightly alkaline (7.8); abrupt wavy boundary. sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak fine
C2—38 to 60 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) very granular structure; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and
gravelly sandy loam, brown (7.5YR 5/4) moist; nonplastic; many very fine roots; many very fine
massive; soft, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few tubular pores; strongly effervescent; moderately
fine roots; few fine tubular pores; strongly effervescent; alkaline (pH 8.0); clear wavy boundary.
50 percent gravel; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8). C—8 to 19 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) very
fine sandy loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)
Range in Characteristics
moist; massive; slightly hard, very friable, slightly
Rock fragments: average 15 to 35 percent, dominantly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine roots; many
gravel in the control section. The upper 10 inches very fine tubular pores; strongly effervescent;
may contain less than 15 percent gravel. Below 40 moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt wavy boundary.
inches, the substratum may contain more than 35 2Cz1—19 to 32 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) clay,
percent. brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; massive; very hard, very
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 5 to 10 percent, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many
increasing with depth very fine roots; few very fine tubular pores; common
pressure faces; few fine salt crystals; violently
A horizon:
effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear wavy
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
boundary.
Value: 4 or 5 dry, 3 or 4 moist
2Cz2—32 to 60 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/2) clay,
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) moist; massive; very hard,
Bw horizons: very firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic;
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR few very fine roots; few very fine tubular pores; few
Value: 4 through 6 dry, 3 through 5 moist pressure faces; few fine salt crystals; many iron
Chroma: 3 through 5, dry or moist stains; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline
Texture: sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam (8.0).
Reaction: slightly to moderately alkaline Range in Characteristics
C horizons: Effervescence: slight to strong
Texture: loamy coarse sand, sandy loam, loam Salinity (ECe): 2 to 16 dS/m
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 161
Sodicity (SAR): 4 to 20 clay, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; moderate medium
subangular blocky structure; very hard, very firm, very
Ap horizon:
sticky and very plastic; common fine roots; common
Value: 5 or 6 dry
fine tubular pores; common distinct clay films on ped
C and Cz horizons: faces and in pores; strongly effervescent, 15 percent
Texture: very fine sandy loam, clay calcium carbonate equivalent; 2 percent gravel;
common medium soft calcium carbonate masses;
moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt wavy boundary.
Mohon Series 2Btk3—40 to 47 inches; pink (7.5YR 7/4) cobbly
clay loam, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) moist; moderate
Depth class: Very deep
medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm,
Drainage class: Well drained
slightly sticky and plastic; few very fine roots; few very
Permeability: Slow
fine tubular pores; common faint clay films on ped
Landform: Fan terraces
faces and in pores; 10 percent cobble and 15 percent
Parent material: Alluvium from volcanics
gravel; strongly effervescent, 20 percent calcium
Slope range: 2 to 15 percent
carbonate equivalent; common soft calcium carbonate
Elevation: 1,900 to 3,800 feet
masses; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); gradual wavy
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 12 inches
boundary.
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F
2Btk4—47 to 60 inches; pink (7.5YR 8/4) cobbly
Frost-free period: 200 to 250
clay loam, pink (7.5YR 7/4) moist; moderate medium
Classification: Fine, smectitic, thermic Typic
subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, slightly sticky
Calciargids
and plastic; few very fine roots; few very fine tubular
Typical Pedon pores; few faint clay films on ped faces and in pores;
10 percent cobble and 20 percent gravel; violently
Typical pedon of Mohon very cobbly loam in an area of
effervescent, 25 percent calcium carbonate equivalent;
Mohon-Poachie complex, 2 to 15 percent slopes;
many coarse soft calcium carbonate masses;
latitude of 34 degrees, 58 minutes, 01 seconds north
moderately alkaline (8.4).
and a longitude of 114 degrees, 14 minutes, 35
seconds west; 260 feet south and 700 feet east of the Range in Characteristics
northwest corner of sec. 07, T. 18 N., R. 18 W.
Depth to the calcic horizon: 20 to 40 inches
A—0 to 2 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) very cobbly
loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) moist; moderate medium A horizon:
platy structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and Hue: 7.5YR, 5YR
slightly plastic; many very fine roots; many very fine Value: 5 or 6 dry, 3 through 5 moist
tubular pores; 30 percent cobble and 15 percent gravel; Chroma: 4 through 6, dry or moist
slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); abrupt
Btk horizons:
wavy boundary.
Hue: 7.5YR, 5YR
Bk—2 to 6 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) clay
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
loam, strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) moist; weak medium
Chroma: 4 or 6, dry or moist
subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, sticky and
Texture: sandy clay loam, clay loam, sandy clay, clay
plastic; many very fine roots; many very fine tubular
(averages 35 to 50 percent clay)
pores; strongly effervescent; 5 percent calcium
Rock fragments: 0 to 15 percent gravel
carbonate equivalent; common fine soft calcium
carbonate filaments; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); clear 2Btk horizons:
wavy boundary. Hue: 10YR, 7.5YR
Btk1—6 to 25 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) Value: 6 through 8 dry, 5 through 7 moist
clay, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; strong medium Chroma: 4 through 6, dry or moist
prismatic structure; very hard, very firm, very sticky Rock fragments: 15 to 35 percent cobble and gravel
and very plastic; many very fine roots; many very fine
tubular pores; few faint clay films on ped faces and in
pores; 2 percent gravel; strongly effervescent, 10 Mutang Series
percent calcium carbonate equivalent; few fine soft
calcium carbonate masses; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); Depth class: Shallow to bedrock (paralithic)
clear wavy boundary. Drainage class: Well drained
Btk2—25 to 40 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) Permeability: Slow
162 Soil Survey
Landform: Pediments, hills, and mountains Texture: sandy clay, clay, clay loam (averages more
Parent material: Alluvium derived from igneous rock than 35 percent clay)
Slope: 3 to 35 percent Rock fragments: 5 to 35 percent gravel
Elevation: 2,400 to 5,800 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 9 to 12 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 68 degrees F Nickel family
Frost-free period: 180 to 250 days
Classification: Clayey, mixed, superactive, thermic, Depth class: Very deep
shallow Typic Haplargids Drainage class: Well drained
Permeability: Moderate
Typical Pedon
Landform: Fan terraces and mesas
Typical pedon of Mutang extremely gravelly sandy Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
loam in an area of Wikieup-Mutang-Rock outcrop sources
complex, 5 to 35 percent slopes; latitude of 34 Slope: 8 to 50 percent
degrees, 41 minutes, 05 seconds north and a longitude Elevation: 2,900 to 4,500 feet
of 113 degrees, 47 minutes, 18 seconds west; 600 feet Mean annual precipitation: 9 to 12 inches
east and 2,400 feet south of the northwest corner of Mean annual air temperature: 57 to 70 degrees F
sec. 36, T. 16 N., R. 15 W. Frost-free period: 190 to 250 days
A—0 to 3 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/3) extremely Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive,
gravelly sandy loam, brown (7.5YR 4/3) moist; weak thermic Typic Haplocalcids
fine granular structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and
Typical Pedon
nonplastic; few very fine roots; few very fine tubular
pores; 65 percent gravel; noneffervescent; slightly Typical pedon of Nickel family extremely stony loam in
alkaline (pH 7.8); abrupt smooth boundary. an area of Tumarion-Nickel family complex, 8 to 35
Bt1—3 to 5 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) very gravelly percent slopes; latitude of 35 degrees, 21 minutes, 25
clay loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; moderate fine seconds north and a longitude of 114 degrees, 03
subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, sticky and minutes, 11 seconds west; 1,250 feet south and 1,300
plastic; common very fine roots; common very fine feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 25, T. 23 N.,
tubular pores; few faint clay films on ped faces and in R. 17 W.
pores; 40 percent gravel; noneffervescent; slightly A—0 to 4 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)
alkaline (PH 7.8); clear wavy boundary. extremely stony loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak
Bt2—5 to 15 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) fine granular structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky
gravelly clay, dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) moist; and nonplastic; many very fine roots; common fine
strong medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, tubular pores; 25 percent gravel, 20 percent cobble,
very sticky and very plastic; common very fine roots; and 20 percent stone; noneffervescent; slightly alkaline
common very fine tubular pores; common faint clay (pH 7.8); abrupt smooth boundary.
films on ped faces and in pores; 15 percent gravel; Bw—4 to 23 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)
noneffervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt very cobbly silt loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak
smooth boundary. fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very
2Cr—15 to 22 inches; weathered granite. friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very
2R—22 inches; granite. fine roots; many fine and medium tubular pores;
slightly effervescent; 20 percent gravel, 20 percent
Range in Characteristics
cobble; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear wavy
Depth to bedrock: 10 to 20 inches boundary.
Reaction: slightly or moderately alkaline Bk1—23 to 51 inches; very pale brown (10YR 8/3)
very cobbly loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) moist; strong
A horizon:
fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very
Hue: 10YR, 7.5YR
friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine
Value: 4 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist
and fine roots; many fine tubular pores; common fine
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
soft calcium carbonate masses; violently effervescent;
Bt horizons: 20 percent gravel, 20 percent cobble; moderately
Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR alkaline (pH 8.2); clear wavy boundary.
Value: 3 or 5 dry, 3 or 4 moist Bk2—51 to 60 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very
Chroma: 4 to 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist cobbly sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; strong
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 163
fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very percent slopes; latitude of 35 degrees, 21 minutes, 3.6
friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine and fine seconds north and a longitude of 113 degrees, 46
roots; many fine tubular pores; violently effervescent; minutes, 9.6 seconds west; 1,600 feet south and 1,600
20 percent gravel, 20 percent cobble; moderately feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 28, T. 23 N.,
alkaline (pH 8.2). R. 14 W.
A—0 to 2 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) gravelly
Range in Characteristics
sandy loam, brown (7.5YR 4/3) moist; weak medium
Use of the "Nickel family" reference term is a platy structure parting to moderate very fine subangular
convention to reduce name length and implies no blocky; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic;
specific use of a soil series, reduced mapping common very fine and fine and few medium roots;
intensity, or range of properties beyond that which is common very fine irregular pores; 30 percent gravel;
described in the map unit description and database. noneffervescent; moderately acid (pH 5.8); abrupt
Use, management, and interpretations are not affected. smooth boundary.
Depth to calcic horizon: 10 to 25 inches Bt—2 to 10 inches; reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) very
gravelly sandy clay loam, strong brown (7.5YR 5/6)
Control section:
moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure;
Clay content: averages 6 to 23 percent
slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately
Rock fragments: 40 to 85 percent
plastic; common very fine through medium roots;
A horizon: common very fine and fine irregular pores; few faint
Hue: 10YR, 7.5YR clay films bridging sand grains, common faint clay
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist films lining pores and on faces of peds; 45 percent
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist gravel; noneffervescent; moderately acid (pH 6.0);
clear wavy boundary.
Bw horizon (when present):
2Cr1—10 to 17 inches; highly weathered granite
Hue: 10YR, 7.5YR
bedrock penetrated by roots; abrupt irregular boundary.
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
2Cr2—17 inches; fractured slightly weathered
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
granite bedrock.
Texture: silt loam or loam
Range in Characteristics
Bk horizon:
Hue: 10YR, 7.5YR Rock fragments: average 35 to 60 percent; less than
Value: 6 to 8 dry, 4 to 6 moist 50 percent 2 to 5 millimeter gravel; some very
Chroma: 1 to 4, dry or moist shallow pedons may have as much as 75 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 15 to 35 percent Depth to weathered bedrock: 5 to 20 inches
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral
Clay content: averages 20 to 35 percent in the control
Nodman Series section
Depth class: Very shallow and shallow to bedrock A horizon:
(paralithic) Hue: 10YR, 7.5YR
Drainage class: Well drained Value: 4 through 6 dry, 3 through 5 moist
Permeability: Moderately slow Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
Landform: Hills and mountains
Bt horizons:
Parent material: Alluvium, colluvium, or residuum
Hue: 10YR, 7.5YR
weathered from granite
Value: 4 through 6 dry, 3 through 5 moist
Slope: 15 to 65 percent
Chroma: 3 through 6, dry or moist
Elevation: 4,900 to 6,300 feet
Texture: sandy clay loam, clay loam, loam
Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 16 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 57 to 62 degrees F
Frost-free period: 200 to 230 days Orwash family
Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive,
thermic, shallow Ustic Haplargids Depth class: Very deep
Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Typical Pedon
Permeability: Rapid
Typical pedon of Nodman gravelly sandy loam in an Landform: Fan terraces
area of Nodman-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 65 Parent material: Alluvium derived from granite
164 Soil Survey
Slope range: 1 to 3 percent intensity, or range of properties beyond that which is
Elevation: 1,450 to 4,000 feet described in the map unit description and database.
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 12 inches Use, management, and interpretations are not affected.
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F
A horizon:
Frost-free period: 200 to 230 days
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
Classification: Sandy, mixed, thermic Typic
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
Torriorthents
Chroma: 3 or 4 dry or moist
Typical Pedon Rock fragments: 5 to 15 percent gravel
Typical pedon of Orwash family sandy loam in an area C horizons:
of Orwash family sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes; Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
latitude of 34 degrees, 38 minutes, 30 seconds north Value: 5 through 7 dry, 4 through 6 moist
and a longitude of 113 degrees, 51 minutes, 40 Chroma: 4 or 6 dry or moist
seconds west; 2,350 feet south and 50 feet east of the Texture: coarse sandy loam, loamy sand, sand
northwest corner of sec. 17, T. 15 N., R. 15 W. Rock fragments: 10 to 25 percent gravel
A1—0 to 2 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) sandy loam,
2Btkb horizon:
brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; weak medium platy structure;
Not present in some pedons.
soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic many fine
roots; many fine irregular pores; 10 percent gravel;
noneffervescent; neutral (pH 7. 2); abrupt wavy Penthouse Series
boundary.
A2—2 to 14 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) coarse Depth class: Very deep
sandy loam, brown (7.5YR 5/4) moist; weak medium Drainage class: Well drained
subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, Permeability: Slow
nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine roots; few Landform: Fan terraces
fine tubular pores; 2 percent cobble and 10 percent Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
gravel; noneffervescent; neutral (pH 7.2); clear wavy sources
boundary. Slope range: 5 to 15 percent
C1—14 to 26 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) Elevation: 3,650 to 5,600 feet
gravelly loamy sand, brown (7.5YR 5/4) moist; single Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 16 inches
grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 61 degrees F
roots; many very fine irregular pores; 20 percent Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days
gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); Classification: Fine, mixed, superactive, thermic Ustic
abrupt wavy boundary. Calciargids
C2—26 to 47 inches; pink (7.5YR 7/4) gravelly
Typical Pedon
sand, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) moist; single grain;
loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine roots; Typical pedon of Penthouse very cobbly loam in an
many fine irregular pores; 25 percent gravel; strongly area of Penthouse-Gonzales complex, 5 to 35 percent
effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); abrupt wavy slopes; latitude of 34 degrees, 54 minutes, 34 seconds
boundary. north and a longitude of 113 degrees, 24 minutes, 18
2Btkb—47 to 60 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) seconds west; 1,200 feet north and 400 feet east of
gravelly sandy clay loam, strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) the southwest corner of sec. 25, T. 18 N., R. 11 W.
moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; A—0 to 2 inches; reddish gray (5YR 5/2) very
hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; cobbly loam, dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) moist; weak
few very fine roots; many fine tubular pores; common fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly
moderately thick clay films on faces of peds; few fine sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine roots; many
soft calcium carbonate masses; strongly effervescent; very fine vesicular pores; 25 percent gravel, 20 percent
20 percent gravel; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8). cobble; noneffervescent; neutral (pH 7.0); abrupt wavy
boundary.
Range in Characteristics
BA—2 to 8 inches; reddish gray (5YR 5/2) gravelly
Use of the "Orwash family" reference term is a clay loam, dark reddish gray (5YR 4/2) moist; weak
convention to reduce name length and implies no medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard,
specific use of a soil series, reduced mapping friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic;
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 165
many very fine roots; many very fine tubular pores; 15 Chroma: 4 through 6 dry and moist
percent gravel, 5 percent cobble; noneffervescent; Texture: gravelly clay, gravelly clay loam
neutral (pH 7.0); clear wavy boundary. Calcium carbonate equivalent: 10 to 20 percent
Bt—8 to 27 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/3) gravelly
2Btkb and 2Bkb horizons:
clay, dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) moist; moderate
Coarse fragments: 30 to 40 percent cobble and gravel
medium prismatic structure parting to strong medium
subangular blocky; very hard, very firm, very sticky
and very plastic; many very fine roots; many very fine
tubular pores; common distinct clay films on faces of Poachie Series
peds; few pressure faces; 10 percent calcium
Depth class: Very deep
carbonate equivalent; slightly effervescent; 15 percent
Drainage class: Well drained
gravel, 10 percent cobble; neutral (pH 7.2); clear wavy
Permeability: Moderate
boundary.
Landform: Fan terraces
Btk—27 to 40 inches; reddish brown (5YR 5/4)
Parent material: Alluvium from volcanics
gravelly clay loam, reddish brown (5YR 4/4) moist;
Slope range: 1 to 15 percent
moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard,
Elevation: 1,800 to 4,000 feet
firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic;
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 12 inches
common very fine roots; common very fine tubular
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F
pores; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; 19
Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days
percent calcium carbonate equivalent; strongly
Classification: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, thermic
effervescent; 15 percent gravel, 5 percent cobble;
Typic Haplargids
slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); abrupt irregular boundary.
2Btkb—40 to 47 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) Typical Pedon
gravelly sandy loam, yellowish red (5YR 4/6) moist;
Typical pedon of Poachie gravelly sandy loam in an
weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly
area of Mohon-Poachie complex, 2 to 15 percent
hard, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few fine roots;
slopes; latitude of 34 degrees, 40 minutes, 13 seconds
few fine tubular pores; few distinct clay films on faces
north and a longitude of 113 degrees, 55 minutes, 54
of peds; few medium calcium carbonate masses; 13
seconds west; 1,550 feet east and 2,500 feet south of
percent calcium carbonate equivalent; strongly
the northwest corner of sec. 01, T. 15 N., R. 16 W.
effervescent; 25 percent gravel, 5 percent cobble;
A—0 to 2 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)
slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); abrupt wavy boundary.
gravelly sandy loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)
2Bkb—47 to 60 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) very
moist; weak thin platy structure; soft, very friable,
gravelly loamy sand, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; weak
nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine roots; few
medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard,
fine irregular pores; 15 percent gravel; slightly
friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few fine irregular
effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); abrupt smooth
pores; few large soft calcium carbonate masses; 9
boundary.
percent calcium carbonate equivalent; strongly
Bw—2 to 24 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) sandy loam,
effervescent; 30 percent gravel, 10 percent cobble;
brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; weak fine subangular blocky
slightly alkaline (pH 7.8).
structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic;
Range in Characteristics common very fine roots; common fine tubular pores;
10 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly
Depth to a calcic horizon: 25 to 35 inches
alkaline (pH 7.8); abrupt smooth boundary.
Effervescence: none to strong
Btk—24 to 38 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) sandy clay
A horizon: loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; moderate fine
Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, soft, slightly
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 3 through 5 moist sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine roots;
common fine tubular pores; common faint clay films on
Bt horizon:
faces of peds and lining pores; 10 percent gravel;
Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR
strongly effervescent, 12 percent calcium carbonate
Value: 4 through 6 dry, 3 through 5 moist
equivalent; many very fine soft calcium carbonate
Texture: gravelly clay, gravelly clay loam
masses; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear smooth
Btk horizon: boundary.
Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR Bk—38 to 60 inches; pink (7.5YR 8/4) gravelly
Value: 4 through 6 dry, 3 through 5 moist coarse sandy loam, pink (7.5YR 7/4) moist; weak fine
166 Soil Survey
subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, north and 1,700 feet east of the southwest corner of
nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine roots; common sec. 10, T. 15 N., R. 20 W.
fine tubular pores; 15 percent gravel; violently A—0 to 3 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) extremely
effervescent, 30 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; gravelly sandy loam, brown (7.5YR 5/4) moist;
moderately alkaline (pH 8.2). moderate medium platy structure; soft, very friable,
nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine roots; many
Range in Characteristics
very fine irregular pores; 5 percent cobble and 65
Rock fragments: average less than 15 percent in the percent gravel; slightly effervescent; moderately
control section. alkaline (pH 8.0); clear wavy boundary.
Depth to calcic horizon: 14 to 38 inches; 15 to 30 Bw—3 to 9 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) very
percent calcium carbonate equivalent gravelly sandy loam, brown (7.5YR 5/4) moist; weak
medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard,
A horizon:
very friable nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine
Hue: 10YR, 7.5YR
roots; many very fine tubular pores; 50 percent gravel;
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 3 to 5 moist
few calcium carbonate filaments on the underside of
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
gravel; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH
Bw horizon: 8.2); abrupt wavy boundary.
Hue: 7.5YR, 5YR 2Cr—9 to 15 inches; slightly weathered and highly
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist fractured granite; clear irregular boundary.
Chroma: 3 to 6, dry or moist 2R—15 inches; granite bedrock.
Btk horizon: Range in Characteristics
Hue: 7.5YR, 5YR
Depth to bedrock: 9 to 12 inches
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
Chroma: 4 to 6, dry or moist Bw horizon:
Texture: sandy clay loam, loam (20 to 27 percent clay) Value: 4 or 5 moist
Coarse fragments: 40 to 50 percent gravel
Bk horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR, 5YR
Value: 6 to 8 dry, 5 to 7 moist
Chroma: 4 to 6, dry or moist Razorback Series
Rock fragments: 15 to 35 percent gravel
Depth class: Very shallow and shallow to bedrock
(lithic)
Quilotosa Series Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Permeability: Moderate
Depth class: Shallow and very shallow Landform: Hills and mountains
Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained Parent material: Alluvium and/or colluvium derived
Permeability: Moderately rapid from igneous rock
Landform: Hills and mountains Slope: 1 to 70 percent
Parent material: Mixed igneous and metamorphic Elevation: 1,700 to 5,000 feet
alluvium and colluvium Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 12 inches
Slope range: 20 to 60 percent Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F
Elevation: 500 to 3,000 feet Frost-free period: 200 to 280 days
Mean annual precipitation: 7 to 10 inches Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive,
Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F calcareous, thermic Lithic Torriorthents
Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days
Typical Pedon
Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive,
calcareous, hyperthermic Lithic Torriorthents Typical pedon of Razorback extremely cobbly loam in
an area of Razorback-Rock outcrop-Rubble land
Typical Pedon
complex, dry, 40 to 70 percent slopes; latitude of 34
Typical pedon of Quilotosa extremely gravelly sandy degrees, 31 minutes, 17 seconds north and a longitude
loam in an area of Quilotosa-Rock outcrop complex, 20 of 114 degrees, 01 minutes, 29 seconds west; 1,500
to 60 percent slopes; latitude of 34 degrees, 39 feet north and 2,000 feet west of the southeast corner
minutes, 03 seconds north and a longitude of 114 of sec. 27, T. 14 N., R. 17 W.
degrees, 20 minutes, 46 seconds west; 1,000 feet A—0 to 2 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 167
extremely cobbly loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR seconds west; 2,600 feet south and 400 feet east of
4/4) moist; weak thin platy structure; soft, very friable, the northwest corner of sec. 34, T. 17 N., R. 13 W.
nonsticky and nonplastic; few fine roots; few fine A—0 to 2 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/2) gravelly sandy
irregular pores; 10 percent stone, 35 percent cobble, 25 loam, brown (7.5YR 4/2) moist; weak fine granular
percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately structure; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and
alkaline (pH 8.0); clear smooth boundary. nonplastic; many fine roots; many very fine irregular
Bk—2 to 15 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) pores; strongly effervescent; 5 percent calcium
extremely gravelly loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR carbonate equivalent; 20 percent gravel; neutral (pH
4/4) moist; massive; soft, very friable, nonsticky and 7.2); abrupt wavy boundary.
nonplastic; few fine roots; few fine tubular pores; 70 Bw—2 to 8 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) gravelly
percent gravel; calcium carbonate coatings on the sandy clay loam, brown (7.5YR 5/4) moist; weak
underside of gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard,
alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt wavy boundary. friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many fine
2R—15 inches; basalt, calcium carbonate coatings roots; common very fine tubular pores; 8 percent
in fractures. calcium carbonate equivalent; violently effervescent;
20 percent gravel; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear
Range in Characteristics
wavy boundary.
Depth to bedrock: 4 to 20 inches Bk1—8 to 16 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4)
gravelly sandy clay loam, brown (7.5YR 5/4) moist;
A horizon:
weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly
Hue: 10YR, 7.5YR
hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
very fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; few
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
fine soft calcium carbonate masses; 12 percent
Rock fragments: 35 to 75 percent gravel, cobble and
calcium carbonate equivalent; violently effervescent;
stone
15 percent gravel, 5 percent cobble; moderately
Bk horizon: alkaline (pH 8.2); clear wavy boundary.
Hue: 10YR, 7.5YR Bk2—16 to 27 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4)
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist gravelly sandy loam, brown (7.5YR 5/4) moist,
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist massive; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and
Texture: loam, sandy loam (7 to 18 percent clay) nonplastic; common very fine roots; common fine
Rock fragments: 35 to 70 percent gravel tubular pores; many coarse soft calcium carbonate
masses; weakly cemented; 27 percent calcium
carbonate equivalent; violently effervescent; 25
Rillino Series percent gravel; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); abrupt
wavy boundary.
Depth class: Very deep Bk3—27 to 39 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4)
Drainage class: Well drained gravelly loamy sand, brown (7.5YR 5/4) moist;
Permeability: Moderate massive; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and
Landform: Fan terraces nonplastic; common very fine roots; common fine
Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock irregular pores; many coarse soft calcium carbonate
sources masses; weakly cemented; 24 percent calcium
Slope range: 2 to 35 percent carbonate equivalent; violently effervescent; 20
Elevation: 1,700 to 3,400 feet percent gravel; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear
Mean annual precipitation: 7 to 12 inches wavy boundary.
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F Bk4—39 to 54 inches; pink (7.5YR 7/4) gravelly
Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days loamy sand, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) moist; single
Classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine
thermic Typic Haplocalcids roots; common fine irregular pores; many coarse soft
calcium carbonate masses; 18 percent calcium
Typical Pedon
carbonate equivalent; violently effervescent; 25
Typical pedon of Rillino gravelly sandy loam in an area percent gravel; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); clear
of Continental-Rillino complex, 2 to 15 percent slopes; wavy boundary.
latitude of 34 degrees, 48 minutes, 44 seconds north Bk5—54 to 60 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4)
and a longitude of 113 degrees, 39 minutes, 03 gravelly loamy sand, brown (7.5YR 5/4) moist;
168 Soil Survey
massive; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and Cz—2 to 26 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR
nonplastic; few very fine roots; common fine irregular 4/4) silt loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; massive;
pores; many coarse soft calcium carbonate masses; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;
25 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; violently few very fine roots; few very fine tubular pores; few
effervescent; 25 percent gravel; moderately alkaline fine salt crystals; strongly effervescent; moderately
(pH 8.4). alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt smooth boundary.
C—26 to 60 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR
Range in Characteristics
4/4) fine sand, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)
Depth to calcic horizon: 5 to 20 inches moist; single grain; loose, nonsticky and
Rock fragments: average 15 to 30 percent in the nonplastic; few very fine roots; few very fine tubular
control section. pores; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH
8.4).
A horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR Range in Characteristics
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
Salinity (ECe): 2 to 14 dS/m
Chroma: 2 through 4, dry or moist
Sodicity (SAR): 4 to 15
Texture: gravelly sandy loam, gravelly loamy sand
Depth to strongly contrasting particle size: 20 to 40
Rock fragments: 15 to 25 percent gravel
inches
B horizons: Rock fragments: 0 to 30 percent
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 4 through 6 moist Texture: silt loam or very fine sandy loam with less
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 10 to 30 percent than 18 percent clay and less than 15 percent fine
sand or coarser sand in the upper part; fine sand or
loamy fine sand in the lower part
Ripley Series
A horizon:
Depth class: Very deep Value: 4 through 6 dry
Drainage class: Well drained Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
Permeability: Moderate
C horizon:
Flooding: None
Value: 4 through 6 dry
Landform: Flood plains (protected)
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Effervescence: strong to violent
sources
Slope range: 0 to 3 percent
Elevation: 450 to 1,400 feet Riverbend Series
Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 6 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F Depth class: Very deep
Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days Drainage class: Excessively drained
Classification: Coarse-silty over sandy or sandy- Permeability: Rapid
skeletal, mixed, superactive, calcareous, Landform: Fan terraces
hyperthermic Typic Torrifluvents Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
sources
Typical Pedon
Slope range: 2 to 15 percent
Typical pedon of Ripley silt loam in an area of Ripley Elevation: 550 to 2,300 feet
silt loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes; latitude of 34 degrees, Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 6 inches
56 minutes, 20 seconds north and a longitude of 114 Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F
degrees, 34 minutes, 51 seconds west; 400 feet west Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days
and 800 feet north of the southeast corner of sec. 14, Classification: Sandy-skeletal, mixed, hyperthermic
T. 18 N., R. 22 W. Typic Haplocalcids
Az—0 to 2 inch; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt
Typical Pedon
loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) moist; weak
thin platy structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky Typical pedon of Riverbend very cobbly sandy loam in
and slightly plastic; few very fine roots; few very fine an area of Riverbend very cobbly sandy loam, 2 to 15
tubular pores; few fine salt crystals; slightly percent slopes; latitude of 34 degrees, 46 minutes, 45
effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt seconds north and a longitude of 114 degrees, 24
smooth boundary. minutes, 42 seconds west; 680 feet west and 2,350
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 169
feet north of the southeast corner of sec. 25, T. 16-1/2 B horizon:
N., R. 20-1/2 W. Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
A—0 to 2 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) very cobbly Value: 5 through 7 dry, 4 through 6 moist
sandy loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; moderate Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
medium platy structure; soft, friable, nonsticky and Calcium carbonate equivalent: 10 to 20 percent
nonplastic; common fine roots; many fine irregular Texture: loamy sand, sand
pores; 25 percent cobble and 30 percent gravel; Bw horizons are absent in some pedons.
strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 7.9);
abrupt wavy boundary.
Bw—2 to 7 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) very gravelly Riverbend family
sandy loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; weak medium
Depth class: Very deep
subangular blocky structure; soft, friable, nonsticky
Drainage class: Excessively drained
and nonplastic; common fine roots; common fine
Permeability: Rapid
tubular pores; 5 percent cobble and 30 percent gravel;
Landform: Fan terraces
strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0);
Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
abrupt wavy boundary.
sources
Bk1—7 to 18 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) very
Slope range: 2 to 15 percent
cobbly loamy sand, brown (7.5YR 5/4) moist; massive;
Elevation: 550 to 2,200 feet
loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine
Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 7 inches
roots; many fine irregular pores; 20 percent cobble and
Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F
30 percent calcium carbonate coated gravel; many
Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days
large soft calcium carbonate accumulations; violently
Classification: Sandy-skeletal, mixed, hyperthermic
effervescent, 12 percent calcium carbonate equivalent;
Typic Haplocalcids
moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear wavy boundary.
Bk2—18 to 34 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) very Typical Pedon
gravelly loamy sand, brown (7.5YR 5/4) moist; single
Typical pedon of Riverbend family very gravelly sandy
grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine
loam in an area of Chuckawalla-Riverbend families
roots; common fine irregular pores; 40 percent calcium
complex, 2 to 15 percent slopes; latitude of 34
carbonate coated gravel; common medium soft
degrees, 26 minutes, 04 seconds north and a longitude
calcium carbonate accumulations; violently
of 114 degrees, 14 minutes, 27 seconds west; 1,450
effervescent, 16 percent calcium carbonate equivalent;
feet north and 1,700 feet east of the southwest corner
moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear wavy boundary.
of sec. 27, T. 13 N., R. 19 W.
Bk3—34 to 60 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) very
A—0 to 2 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very
gravelly sand, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; single grain;
gravelly sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak
loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine roots;
thin platy structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and
common fine irregular pores; 10 percent cobble and 45
nonplastic; many very fine roots; many very fine
percent calcium carbonate coated gravel; strongly
tubular pores; 8 percent calcium carbonate equivalent;
effervescent, 10 percent calcium carbonate equivalent;
strongly effervescent; 55 percent gravel; moderately
moderately alkaline (pH 8.0).
alkaline (pH 8.0); clear wavy boundary.
Range in Characteristics BA—2 to 6 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very
gravelly sandy loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; weak
Rock fragments: 35 to 75 percent in the control
fine granular structure; slightly hard, very friable,
section; mostly gravel with up to 30 percent cobble
nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine roots; many
Depth to calcic horizon: 4 to 20 inches
very fine tubular pores; 11 percent calcium carbonate
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 7 to 20 percent in the
equivalent; strongly effervescent; 40 percent gravel;
control section
moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear wavy boundary.
Reaction: slightly to strongly alkaline
Bk1—6 to 11 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3),
Effervescence: strong to violent
very gravelly sandy loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist;
A horizon: weak fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard,
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist roots; common very fine tubular pores; few fine soft
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist calcium carbonate masses; 15 percent calcium
170 Soil Survey
carbonate equivalent; violently effervescent; 40 Romero Series
percent gravel; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); clear
wavy boundary. Depth class: Very shallow or shallow to bedrock
Bk2—11 to 26 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) very (paralithic)
gravelly loamy sand, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; Drainage class: Well drained
massive; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and Permeability: Moderately rapid
nonplastic; many fine roots; common very fine irregular Landform: Hills and mountains
pores; common fine soft calcium carbonate masses; Parent material: Alluvium derived from granite
16 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; violently Slope: 5 to 70 percent
effervescent; 35 percent gravel; moderately alkaline Elevation: 3,400 to 5,600 feet
(pH 8.4); clear wavy boundary. Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 16 inches
Bk3—26 to 40 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) Mean annual air temperature: 57 to 61 degrees F
very gravelly loamy sand, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days
massive; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive,
nonplastic; many fine roots; few very fine irregular nonacid, thermic, shallow Ustic Torriorthents
pores; common fine soft calcium carbonate masses;
Typical Pedon
common very pale brown (10YR 8/3) calcium
carbonate cemented masses; 27 percent calcium Typical pedon of Romero extremely cobbly sandy loam
carbonate equivalent; violently effervescent; 50 in an area of Romero-Lampshire-Rock outcrop
percent gravel; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); clear complex, 35 to 70 percent slopes; latitude of 34
wavy boundary. degrees, 39 minutes, 22 seconds north and a longitude
Bk4—40 to 60 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very of 113 degrees, 23 minutes, 27 seconds west; 2,450
gravelly loamy sand, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; feet south and 250 feet west of the northeast corner of
massive; hard, firm, nonsticky and nonplastic; sec. 10, T. 15 N., R. 11 W.
common very fine roots; few very fine irregular pores; A—0 to 1 inch; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)
few strata of weakly calcium carbonate cemented sand extremely cobbly sandy loam, dark yellowish brown
and gravel; 10 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; (10YR 3/4) moist; weak fine granular structure; soft,
strongly effervescent; 55 percent gravel; moderately very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very
alkaline (pH 8.4). fine roots; common very fine irregular pores; 40
percent gravel, 20 percent cobble, and 5 percent stone;
Range in Characteristics
noneffervescent; neutral (pH 7.2); abrupt smooth
Use of the "Riverbend family" reference term is a boundary.
convention to reduce name length and implies no Bw—1 to 6 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)
specific use of a soil series, reduced mapping very gravelly sandy clay loam, dark yellowish brown
intensity, or range of properties beyond that which is (10YR 3/4) moist; weak fine subangular blocky
described in the map unit description and database. structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and
Use, management, and interpretations are not affected. nonplastic; common very fine roots; common very fine
Coarse fragments: 35 to 60 percent gravel tubular pores; 35 percent gravel and 5 percent cobble;
Effervescence: strong to violent noneffervescent; neutral (pH 7.2); abrupt smooth
boundary.
A horizon:
2Cr—6 to 60 inches; slightly weathered granite
Value: 5 or 6 dry
bedrock.
Rock fragments: 50 to 55 percent cobble and gravel
Range in Characteristics
BA and Bk1 horizons:
Value: 5 or 6 dry Rock fragments: average 35 to 90 percent
The BA horizon is not present in all pedons. Reaction: neutral or slightly alkaline
Bk2, Bk3, and Bk4 horizons: A horizon:
Value: 5 through 7 dry Hue: 10YR, 7.5YR
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 10 to 20 percent Value: 3 or 4, dry or moist
Texture: loamy sand, sand Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 171
Texture: sandy loam, fine sandy loam intensity, or range of properties beyond that which is
described in the map unit description and database.
Use, management, and interpretations are not affected.
Romero family Rock fragments: 35 to 65 percent in the particle-size
control section
Depth class: Very shallow and shallow to bedrock
Reaction: moderately acid to slightly alkaline
(paralithic)
Clay content: 8 to 18 percent in the particle-size
Drainage class: Well drained
control section
Permeability: Moderately rapid
Effervescence: none to slight
Landform: Hills and mountains
Parent material: Alluvium and/or colluvium derived A horizons:
from metamorphic rock over residuum weathered Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
from metamorphic rock Value: 4 to 5 dry, 3 to 4 moist
Slope: 15 to 65 percent Chroma: 3 to 4, dry or moist
Elevation: 4,900 to 6,200 feet
Bw horizons:
Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 16 inches
Hue: 10YR, 7.5YR
Mean annual air temperature: 57 to 62 degrees F
Value: 4 or 5 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Frost-free period: 200 to 230 days
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive,
Texture: sandy loam, loam
nonacid, thermic, shallow Ustic Torriorthents
Typical Pedon
Rositas Series
Typical pedon of Romero family very gravelly sandy
loam in an area of Nodman-Romero family complex, 15 Depth class: Very deep
to 65 percent slopes; latitude of 35 degrees, 14 Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
minutes, 21.1 seconds north and a longitude of 113 Permeability: Rapid
degrees, 46 minutes, 2.7 seconds west; 65 feet south Landform: Sand sheets and dunes
and 970 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 04, T. Parent material: Eolian sand
21 N., R. 14 W. Slope range: 5 to 30 percent
A—0 to 2 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very gravelly Elevation: 500 to 1,600 feet
sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak medium Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 6 inches
platy structure parting to weak very fine subangular Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F
blocky; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days
common very fine and fine roots; common very fine Classification: Mixed, hyperthermic Typic
tubular pores; 45 percent gravel, 5 percent channer and Torripsamments
5 percent cobble; noneffervescent; moderately acid
Typical Pedon
(pH 6.0); clear wavy boundary.
Bw—2 to 7 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) Typical pedon of Rositas sand in an area of Rositas,
extremely cobbly sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; Superstition family and Torriorthents soils, 1 to 60;
moderate very fine and fine subangular blocky latitude of 34 degrees, 45 minutes, 53 seconds north
structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly and a longitude of 114 degrees, 23 minutes, 41
plastic; 25 percent gravel, 10 percent channer and 30 seconds west; 375 feet north and 2,400 feet west of
percent cobble; noneffervescent to very slightly the southeast corner of sec. 31, T. 16 1/2 N., R. 20 W.
effervescent; neutral (pH 7.3); abrupt wavy boundary. A—0 to 1 inch; pinkish gray (7.5YR 7/2) sand,
2Cr—7 to 21 inches; moderately weathered to highly pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2) moist; weak thin platy
weathered schist with soil in fractures; fracture faces structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic;
are coated with calcium carbonate, abrupt irregular many very fine roots; many very fine irregular pores;
boundary. noneffervescent; neutral (pH 7.2); clear wavy
2R—21 inches; fractured very slightly weathered to boundary.
unweathered, hard schist. C1—1 to 13 inches; pinkish gray (7.5YR 7/2) sand,
pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2) moist; single grain; loose,
Range in Characteristics
nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine roots; many
Use of the "Romero family" reference term is a fine irregular pores; noneffervescent; slightly alkaline
convention to reduce name length and implies no (pH 7.6); clear wavy boundary.
specific use of a soil series, reduced mapping C2—13 to 60 inches; pink (7.5YR 7/4) sand, light
172 Soil Survey
brown (7.5YR 6/4) moist; single grain; loose, nonsticky specific use of a soil series, reduced mapping
and nonplastic; few fine roots; many fine irregular intensity, or range of properties beyond that which is
pores; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8). described in the map unit description and database.
Use, management, and interpretations are not affected.
Range in Characteristics
Effervescence: none to slight
Rock fragments: less than 15 percent gravel Reaction: neutral to moderately alkaline
Coppice dunes: 2 to 12 inches high under all shrubs
C horizons:
Effervescence: none in the upper part to slight
Value: 4 through 6 moist
throughout
Chroma: 2 through 6 dry, 2 through 4 moist
Reaction: neutral or slightly alkaline
Texture: sand, fine sand
C horizons:
Value: 5 through 6 moist
Chroma: 2 through 6 dry, 2 through 4 moist Stagecoach Series
Texture: loamy sand, sand, fine sand
Depth class: Very deep
Drainage class: Well drained
Rositas family Permeability: Moderately rapid
Landform: Fan terraces
Depth class: Very deep Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained sources
Permeability: Rapid Slope range: 2 to 50 percent
Landform: Sand sheets and dunes Elevation: 1,800 to 4,400 feet
Parent material: Eolian sand Mean annual precipitation: 7 to 12 inches
Slope range: 5 to 30 percent Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F
Elevation: 500 to 600 feet Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days
Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 7 inches Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive,
Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F thermic Typic Haplocalcids
Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days
Typical Pedon
Classification: Mixed, hyperthermic Typic
Torripsamments Typical pedon of Stagecoach very gravelly sandy loam
in an area of Stagecoach very gravelly sandy loam,
Typical Pedon
dry, 5 to 35 percent slopes; latitude of 34 degrees, 32
Typical pedon of Rositas family fine sand in an area of minutes, 42 seconds north and a longitude of 113
Rositas family, Superstition and Torriorthents soils, 1 degrees, 38 minutes, 12 seconds west; 500 feet south
to 60 percent slopes; latitude of 34 degrees, 33 and 800 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 20, T.
minutes, 46 seconds north and a longitude of 114 14 N., R. 13 W.
degrees, 23 minutes, 04 seconds west; 700 feet north A—0 to 2 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) very
and 700 feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 08, gravelly sandy loam, brown (7.5YR 5/4) moist;
T. 14 N., R. 20 W. moderate fine granular structure; soft, very friable,
C1—0 to 17 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) nonsticky and nonplastic; many fine roots; many fine
fine sand, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; single irregular pores; 5 percent cobble and 40 percent gravel;
grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; common fine strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); abrupt
roots; many very fine irregular pores; 5 percent gravel; smooth boundary.
slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); Bw1—2 to 10 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4)
gradual wavy boundary. gravelly loam, brown (7.5YR 5/4) moist; weak medium
C2—17 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable,
6/4) sand, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; single slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many fine roots; few
grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; few fine roots; fine irregular pores; 25 percent gravel; strongly
many very fine irregular pores; 5 percent gravel; effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); clear wavy
slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0). boundary.
Bw2—10 to 19 inches; pink (7.5YR 7/4) gravelly
Range in Characteristics
loam, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) moist; weak medium
Use of the "Rositas family" reference term is a subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable,
convention to reduce name length and implies no slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many fine roots; few
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 173
fine irregular pores; 20 percent gravel; strongly loam, 15 to 35 percent slopes; latitude of 35 degrees,
effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); clear wavy 45 minutes, 58 seconds north and a longitude of 114
boundary. degrees, 39 minutes, 10 seconds west; 850 feet north
Bk1—19 to 36 inches; pinkish white (7.5YR 8/2) and 1,800 feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 32,
very gravelly sandy loam, pinkish gray (7.5YR 7/2) T. 28 N., R. 22 W.
moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and A—0 to 2 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) extremely
nonplastic; common very fine roots; common fine gravelly sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak
irregular pores; calcium carbonate coatings on fine granular structure; loose, nonsticky and
undersides of gravel; many medium soft calcium nonplastic; many very fine roots; many very fine
carbonate masses; violently effervescent; 55 percent irregular pores; 65 percent gravel and 5 percent cobble;
gravel; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); gradual wavy slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); abrupt smooth boundary.
boundary. Bw—2 to 5 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very gravelly
Bk2—36 to 60 inches; pinkish white (7.5YR 8/2) sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak fine
very gravelly sandy loam, pinkish gray (7.5YR 7/2) subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable,
moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine roots; many
nonplastic; few very fine roots; few fine irregular pores; very fine irregular pores; 50 percent gravel with few thin
weakly cemented by calcium carbonate; calcium calcium carbonate coatings; strongly effervescent;
carbonate coatings on underside of cobble and gravel; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt smooth boundary.
many large soft calcium carbonate masses; violently 2R—5 inches; thin layer of weathered andesite over
effervescent; 10 percent cobble and 45 percent gravel; hard andesite; common calcium carbonate coatings on
moderately alkaline (pH 8.2). rock surfaces and in fractures.
Range in Characteristics Range in Characteristics
Depth to a calcic horizon: 12 to 25 inches Reaction: slightly or moderately alkaline
Rock fragments: 35 to 55 percent Rock fragments: 35 to 65 percent
Clay content: 5 to 20 percent; averages less than 18
A horizon:
percent
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
Depth to bedrock: 4 to 20 inches
B horizons:
A horizon:
Value: 6 through 8 dry, 5 through 7 moist
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
Chroma: 2 through 4, dry or moist
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 15 to 25 percent in the
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
Bk horizon
Texture: loamy sand, sandy loam, fine sandy loam
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 1 to 15 percent
Sunrock Series Bw horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
Depth class: Very shallow and shallow to bedrock
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
(lithic)
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Texture: fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loam
Permeability: Moderately rapid
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 1 to 15 percent
Landform: Hills and mountains
Parent material: Colluvium derived from volcanic rock
Slope: 15 to 65 percent Superstition Series
Elevation: 1,150 to 3,000 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 6 inches Depth class: Very deep
Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 78 degrees F Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Frost-free period: 250 to 340 days Permeability: Rapid
Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, Landform: Sand sheets
calcareous, hyperthermic Lithic Torriorthents Parent material: Eolian sand
Slope range: 1 to 10 percent
Typical Pedon
Elevation: 450 to 950 feet
Typical pedon of Sunrock extremely gravelly sandy Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 7 inches
loam in an area of Sunrock extremely gravelly sandy Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F
174 Soil Survey
Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days Effervescence: strong to violent
Classification: Sandy, mixed, hyperthermic Typic
A horizon:
Haplocalcids
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist
Typical Pedon
B horizons:
Typical pedon of Superstition gravelly fine sand in an
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
area of Rositas family, Superstition and Torriorthents
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 3 through 5 moist
soils, 1 to 60 percent slopes; latitude of 34 degrees, 33
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
minutes, 28 seconds north and a longitude of 115
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 5 to 15 percent
degrees, 23 minutes, 50 seconds west; 1,700 feet east
and 300 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 7, T.
14 N., R. 20 W. Superstition family
A—0 to 1 inch; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)
gravelly fine sand, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; Depth class: Very deep
weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, very friable, Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine Permeability: Rapid
roots; common very fine irregular pores; 20 percent Landform: Sand sheets
gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH Parent material: Eolian sand
8.0); abrupt smooth boundary. Slope range: 1 to 10 percent
Bw—1 to 7 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) Elevation: 500 to 1,600 feet
fine sand, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; weak fine Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 6 inches
subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F
slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days
roots; common very fine irregular pores; discontinuous Classification: Sandy, mixed, hyperthermic Typic
areas of few medium soft calcium carbonate masses; Haplocalcids
strongly effervescent; 10 percent gravel; moderately
Typical Pedon
alkaline (pH 8.2); clear wavy boundary.
Bk1—7 to 16 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR Typical pedon of Superstition family fine sand in an
6/4) fine sand, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; weak area of Rositas, Superstition family and Torriorthents
fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very soils, 1 to 60 percent slopes; latitude of 34 degrees, 45
friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine minutes, 15 seconds north and a longitude of 114
roots; common very fine irregular pores; few medium degrees, 24 minutes, 14 seconds west; 400 feet west
soft calcium carbonate masses; violently effervescent; and 2,600 feet south of the northeast corner sec. 36,
10 percent gravel; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear T. 161/2 N., R. 201/2 W.
wavy boundary. A—0 to 2 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/4) fine
Bk2—16 to 22 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR sand, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; weak thin
6/4) fine sand, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; weak platy structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and
fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very nonplastic; many very fine roots; many fine irregular
friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine pores; 10 percent gravel; strongly effervescent;
roots; common very fine irregular pores; many large moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear wavy boundary.
soft calcium carbonate masses; violently effervescent; Bk1—2 to 35 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3)
5 percent gravel; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear fine sand, pale brown (10YR 6/3) moist; single grain;
wavy boundary. loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine roots;
Bk3—22 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR many fine irregular pores; many fine rounded calcium
6/4) fine sand, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; carbonate masses and concretions; violently
massive; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; effervescent; 5 percent gravel; moderately alkaline (pH
few very fine irregular pores; common very fine and 8.2); clear wavy boundary.
fine soft calcium carbonate masses and rounded Bk2—35 to 60 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3)
concretions; violently effervescent; 5 percent gravel; fine sand, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; single grain; loose,
moderately alkaline (pH 8.2). nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine roots; many
fine irregular pores; few fine soft calcium carbonate
Range in Characteristics
masses; strongly effervescent; 5 percent gravel;
Rock fragments: less than 15 percent gravel moderately alkaline (pH 8.0).
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 175
Range in Characteristics roots; many very fine tubular pores; 30 percent gravel,
10 percent cobble; slightly effervescent; slightly
Use of the "Superstition family" reference term is a
alkaline (pH 7.8); clear wavy boundary.
convention to reduce name length and implies no
Bk—4 to 22 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very
specific use of a soil series, reduced mapping
gravelly loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; weak fine
intensity, or range of properties beyond that which is
subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable,
described in the map unit description and database.
slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine
Use, management, and interpretations are not affected.
roots; common very fine tubular pores; 30 percent
Rock fragments: less than 15 percent gravel
gravel, 10 percent cobble; violently effervescent; few
Effervescence: strong to violent
fine soft calcium carbonate masses; moderately
A horizon: alkaline (pH 8.0); clear wavy boundary.
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR Ck—22 to 60 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist gravelly loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; massive;
slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly
Bk horizons:
plastic; few very fine roots; common very fine tubular
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
pores; 30 percent gravel, 10 percent cobble; violently
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 3 through 5 moist
effervescent; few fine soft calcium carbonate masses;
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
areas of decomposing rocks; moderately alkaline (pH
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 10 to 25 percent
8.0).
Range in Characteristics
Tombstone Series
A horizon:
Depth class: Very deep Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained Value: 4 or 5 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Permeability: Moderately rapid Chroma: 2 through 4, dry or moist
Landform: Fan terraces
B horizon:
Parent material: Alluvium derived from granite
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
Slope range: 15 to 50 percent
Value: 4 through 6, dry or moist
Elevation: 3,200 to 4,800 feet
Chroma: 2 through 4, dry or moist
Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 16 inches
Rock fragments: 35 to 60 percent gravel and cobble
Mean annual air temperature: 57 to 61 degrees F
Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days
Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, Topawa family
thermic Ustic Haplocalcids
Depth class: Very deep
Typical Pedon
Drainage class: Well drained
Typical pedon of Tombstone extremely cobbly loam in Permeability: Moderately slow
an area of Tombstone-Caralampi-Eloma complex, 10 to Landform: Fan terraces
50 percent slopes; latitude of 35 degrees, 04 minutes, Parent material: Alluvium and/or colluvium derived
13 seconds north and a longitude of 113 degrees, 47 from mixed rock sources
minutes, 17 seconds west; 1,730 feet north and 1,600 Slope: 10 to 50 percent
feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 32, T. 20 N., Elevation: 1,800 to 4,400 feet
R. 14 W. Mean annual precipitation: 7 to 12 inches
A—0 to 1 inch; brown (10YR 4/3) extremely cobbly Mean annual air temperature: 57 to 70 degrees F
loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine granular Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days
structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive,
nonplastic; many very fine roots; many very fine thermic Typic Haplargids
irregular pores; 30 percent gravel, 30 percent cobble,
Typical Pedon
10 percent stone; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline
(pH 7.8); abrupt smooth boundary. Typical pedon of Topawa family very gravelly loamy
Bw—1 to 4 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) very gravelly sand in an area of Nickel-Topawa-Eba families
loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine complex, 10 to 50 percent slopes; latitude of 34
subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, degrees, 58 minutes, 29 seconds north and a longitude
slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine of 113 degrees, 43 minutes, 10 seconds west; 1,400
176 Soil Survey
feet south and 1,000 feet east of the northwest corner Rock fragments: 35 to 60 percent gravel and/or cobble
of sec. 01, T. 18 N., R. 14 W.
BC horizon (when present):
A—0 to 3 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/3) very gravelly
Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR
loamy sand, dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) moist; weak fine
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist
granular structure; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky
Chroma: 4 or 6, dry or moist
and nonplastic; many very fine roots; many very fine
Texture: sandy loam, sandy clay loam
irregular pores; 15 percent cobble and 35 percent
gravel; noneffervescent; neutral (pH 7.0); abrupt wavy C horizon (when present):
boundary. Chroma: 4 to 6, dry or moist
Bt1—3 to 18 inches; reddish brown (5YR 5/4) very Texture: sand, loamy sand, sandy loam
gravelly sandy clay loam, dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4)
2Bkb or 2Btb horizon (when present):
moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure;
Texture: sandy loam, loam, sandy clay loam
hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic;
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 0 to 30 percent
many very fine roots; many very fine tubular pores;
Rock fragments: 15 to 50 percent gravel or cobble
common distinct clay films on faces of peds; 50
percent gravel; noneffervescent; neutral (pH 7.2); clear
wavy boundary. Topock Series
Bt2—18 to 50 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) very
gravelly sandy loam, strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) moist; Depth class: Shallow
weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly Drainage class: Well drained
hard, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few fine roots; Permeability: Slow
few fine tubular pores; few faint clay films bridging Landform: Hills and mountains
sand grains; 45 percent gravel; noneffervescent; Parent material: Mixed igneous and metamorphic
neutral (pH 7.2); abrupt wavy boundary. alluvium
C—50 to 58 inches; reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) Slope range: 5 to 35 percent
gravelly loamy sand, strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) moist; Elevation: 2,400 to 4,800 feet
single grain; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 12 inches
nonplastic; few fine roots; few fine irregular pores; 25 Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 64 degrees F
percent gravel; noneffervescent; neutral (pH 7.2); Frost-free period: 200 to 230 days
abrupt wavy boundary. Classification: Clayey, mixed, superactive, thermic,
2Bkb-58 to 60 inches; pink (7.5YR 8/3) gravelly shallow Typic Haplargids
loam, pink (7.5YR 7/3) moist; massive; slightly hard,
Typical Pedon
friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine
tubular pores; many large soft calcium carbonate Typical pedon of Topock extremely gravelly sandy
masses; violently effervescent; 30 percent gravel; loam in an area of Cellar-Topock-Rock outcrop
moderately alkaline (pH 8.4). complex, 5 to 35 percent slopes; latitude of 34
degrees, 41 minutes, 05 seconds north and a longitude
Range in Characteristics
of 113 degrees, 43 minutes, 38 seconds west; 2,500
Use of the "Topawa family" reference term is a feet south and 2,000 feet east of the northwest corner
convention to reduce name length and implies no of sec. 33, T. 16 N., R. 14 W.
specific use of a soil series, reduced mapping A—0 to 2 inches; reddish brown (5YR 5/3)
intensity, or range of properties beyond that which is extremely gravelly sandy loam, dark reddish brown
described in the map unit description and database. (5YR 3/3) moist; weak fine granular structure; slightly
Use, management, and interpretations are not affected. hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many
very fine roots; many fine irregular pores; 70 percent
A horizon:
gravel; noneffervescent; neutral (pH 7.2); abrupt wavy
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
boundary.
Value: 4 or 5 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Bt1—2 to 5 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) gravelly
Rock fragments: 35 to 60 percent gravel and cobble
sandy clay, reddish brown (5YR 4/3) moist; moderate
Bt horizon: medium subangular blocky structure; very hard, very
Chroma: 3 to 6, dry or moist firm, very sticky and very plastic; common very fine
Texture: loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, sandy roots; few fine tubular pores; common distinct clay
loam films on faces of peds; 25 percent gravel;
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 177
noneffervescent; neutral (pH 7.2); clear wavy many very fine irregular pores; slightly effervescent;
boundary. moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); abrupt smooth boundary.
Bt2—5 to 12 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) sandy C1—1 to 5 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)
clay, yellowish red (5YR 4/6) moist; strong medium silty clay, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist;
subangular blocky structure; very hard, very firm, very moderate thin platy structure; very hard, very firm, very
sticky and very plastic; few very fine roots; few very sticky and very plastic; common very fine roots;
fine tubular pores; common distinct clay films on faces common very fine tubular pores; slightly effervescent;
of peds; 10 percent gravel; noneffervescent; slightly stratified; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); abrupt smooth
alkaline (pH 7.6); abrupt irregular boundary. boundary.
2Cr—12 to 23 inches; weathered granite; clear C2—5 to 10 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)
irregular boundary. silty clay, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist;
2R—23 inches; granite. moderate medium angular blocky structure; very hard,
very firm, very sticky and very plastic; common very
Range in Characteristics
fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; slightly
Depth to weathered bedrock: 10 to 20 inches effervescent; stratified; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2);
Depth to unweathered bedrock: 20 to 40 inches abrupt smooth boundary.
C3—10 to 18 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)
A horizon:
silty clay, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; strong
Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR
coarse angular blocky structure; very hard, very firm,
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist
very sticky and very plastic; few very fine roots;
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
common very fine tubular pores; slightly effervescent;
Bt horizons: stratified; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); abrupt smooth
Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR boundary.
Value: 4 through 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist C4—18 to 24 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR
Chroma: 3 through 6, dry or moist 6/4) silt loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; moderate
Texture: clay, sandy clay coarse angular blocky structure; hard, slightly sticky
Clay content: 35 to 60 percent and moderately plastic; common very fine tubular
Rock fragments: 5 to 35 percent gravel pores; slightly effervescent; stratified; moderately
alkaline (pH 8.4); abrupt smooth boundary.
C5—24 to 37 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR
Torriorthents 6/4) silt loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; massive;
slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly
Depth class: Variable
plastic; common very fine tubular pores; slightly
Drainage class: Well drained
effervescent; stratified; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2);
Permeability: Variable
abrupt smooth boundary.
Landform: Hills, fan terraces, and stream terraces
C6—37 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR
Slope range: 25 to 65 percent
6/4) silt loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; slightly hard,
Elevation: 450 to 3,800 feet
friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine
Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 12 inches
tubular pores; strongly effervescent; stratified;
Mean annual air temperature: 57 to 74 degrees F
moderately alkaline (pH 8.2).
Frost free period: 200 to 325 days
Classification: Torriorthents Range in Characteristics:
Typical Pedon Soils in these landscape positions are highly variable
with respect to depth, texture, color and/or chemical
Typical pedon of Torriorthents in an area of Rositas
properties. Therefore physical and chemical properties
family, Superstition and Torriorthents soils, 1 to 60
of specific horizons are not given and interpretations
percent slopes; latitude of 34 degrees, 32 minutes, 29
such as erodibility are not determined.
seconds north and a longitude of 114 degrees, 22
minutes, 12 seconds west; 1,850 feet south and 350
feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 20, T. 14 N., Tres Hermanos Series
R. 20 W.
A—0 to 1 inch; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) Depth class: Very deep
sand, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; single grain; loose, Drainage class: Well drained
nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine roots; Permeability: Moderately slow
178 Soil Survey
Landform: Fan terraces effervescent; 20 percent gravel; strongly alkaline (pH
Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock 8.6).
sources
Range in Characteristics
Slope range: 2 to 15 percent
Elevation: 1,600 to 3,700 feet Effervescence: slight to violent
Mean annual precipitation: 7 to 12 inches Reaction: slightly to strongly alkaline
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F
A horizon:
Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
Classification: Fine loamy, mixed, superactive, thermic
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
Typic Calciargids
Bt horizon:
Typical Pedon
Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR
Typical pedon of Tres Hermanos gravelly sandy loam Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
in an area of Continental-Tres Hermanos complex, 2 to
Bk horizon:
15 percent slopes; latitude of 34 degrees, 34 minutes,
Value: 6 through 8 dry, 5 through 7 moist
25 seconds north and a longitude of 113 degrees, 45
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 15 to 30 percent
minutes, 41 seconds west; 630 feet south and 1,520
Rock fragments: 15 to 35 percent
feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 07, T. 14 N.,
R. 14 W.
A—0 to 2 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) Tumarion Series
gravelly sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist;
moderate fine granular structure; soft, very friable, Depth class: Very shallow and shallow to duripan
nonsticky and nonplastic; common medium roots; Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
common fine tubular pores; 20 percent gravel; slightly Permeability: Moderately rapid
effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); abrupt smooth Landform: Mesas and plateaus
boundary. Parent material: Alluvium derived from volcanic rock
Btk1—2 to 16 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) Slope: 2 to 35 percent
gravelly sandy clay loam, brown (7.5YR 5/4) moist; Elevation: 2,200 to 4,600 feet
moderate medium subangular blocky structure; slightly Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 12 inches
hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F
common medium roots; common fine tubular pores; Frost-free period: 190 to 250 days
few faint clay films on faces of peds; few fine soft Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive,
calcium carbonate masses; 14 percent calcium thermic, shallow Typic Haplodurids
carbonate equivalent; strongly effervescent; 25 percent
Typical Pedon
gravel; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); abrupt wavy
boundary. Typical pedon of Tumarion very cobbly loam in an area
Btk2—16 to 26 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4.) of Tumarion very cobbly loam, 2 to 15 percent slopes;
gravelly sandy clay loam, brown (7.5YR 5/4) moist; latitude of 34 degrees, 30 minutes, 12 seconds north
weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly and a longitude of 114 degrees, 02 minutes, 39
hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; seconds west; 300 feet north and 2,350 feet west of
common fine roots; common fine tubular pores; few the southeast corner of sec. 33, T. 14 N., R. 17 W.
faint clay films on faces of peds; common fine soft A—0 to 3 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)
calcium carbonate masses and coatings on undersides very cobbly loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)
of gravel; 22 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; moist; moderate thin platy structure; slightly hard, very
strongly effervescent; 20 percent gravel; moderately friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine
alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt wavy boundary. roots; many fine irregular pores; 30 percent cobble and
Bk—26 to 60 inches; pink (7.5YR 8/4) gravelly 25 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately
sandy loam, pink (7.5YR 7/4) moist; massive; hard, alkaline (pH 8.0); clear wavy boundary.
firm, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine Bk—3 to 10 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4)
roots; few fine tubular pores; common fine soft calcium extremely gravelly loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist;
carbonate masses and coatings on underside of massive; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and
gravel; weakly cemented with calcium carbonate; 28 slightly plastic; few fine roots; many fine irregular
percent calcium carbonate equivalent; violently pores; 75 percent gravel; many moderately thick
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 179
calcium carbonate coatings on undersides of gravel; common very fine roots; common very fine irregular
violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); pores; 10 percent gravel, 20 percent cobble, and 25
abrupt wavy boundary. percent stone; strongly effervescent; moderately
2Bkqm—10 to 12 inches; indurated silica-calcium alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt smooth boundary.
carbonate cemented duripan with laminar cap; abrupt Bw—1 to 6 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/3) very
wavy boundary. gravelly sandy loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; weak
3R—12 inches; basalt bedrock. fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable,
nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine roots;
Range in Characteristics
common very fine tubular pores; 35 percent gravel and
Depth to hardpan: 5 to 18 inches 5 percent cobble and stone; violently effervescent;
Depth to bedrock: 7 to 20 inches calcium carbonate pendants on undersides of gravel;
Rock fragments: 35 to 80 percent gravel in the particle- moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt smooth boundary.
size control section Bk—6 to 9 inches; pinkish white (7.5YR 8/2) very
gravelly coarse sandy loam, light brown (7.5YR 6/4)
A horizon:
moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; hard,
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
firm, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine roots; few
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
very fine tubular pores; 35 percent gravel and 5 percent
Chroma: 2, 3 or 4, dry or moist
cobble and stone; violently effervescent; many slightly
B horizon: hard and hard medium and large calcium carbonate
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR concretions; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist smooth boundary.
Chroma: 2, 3 or 4, dry or moist 2Bkqm—9 inches; indurated duripan with laminar
Texture: fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loam (15 to 25 cap and troweled surface.
percent clay)
Range in Characteristics:
Depth to duripan: 5 to 19 inches
Tyro Series Depth to bedrock: 7 to 19 inches
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 15 to 35 percent in the
Depth class: Very shallow and shallow
calcic horizon
Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Clay content: less than 18 percent in the control
Permeability: Moderately rapid
section
Landform: Pediments
Rock fragments: 35 to 80 percent gravel, cobble, or
Parent material: Mixed igneous and metamorphic
pan fragments
alluvium
Slope range: 2 to 35 percent A horizon:
Elevation: 900 to 3,000 feet Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 6 inches Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days Texture: loam, sandy loam
Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, Calcium carbonate equivalent: 5 to 15 percent
hyperthermic, shallow Typic Haplodurids
Bw horizon:
Typical Pedon Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
Value: 5 through 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist
Typical pedon of Tyro very stony loam in an area of
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
Tyro very stony loam, 2 to 10 percent slopes; latitude
of 34 degrees, 49 minutes, 36 seconds north and a Bk horizon:
longitude of 114 degrees, 25 minutes, 25 seconds Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
west; 1,500 feet north and 600 feet west of the Value: 6 through 8 dry, 4 or 5 moist
southeast corner of sec. 29, T. 17 N., R. 20 W. Chroma: 2 through 4, dry or moist
A—0 to 1 inch; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very stony Rock fragments: 35 to 60 percent, predominantly
loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate fine granular gravel and gravel-size pan fragments
structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; Texture: loam, sandy loam or coarse sandy loam
180 Soil Survey
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 15 to 40 percent A horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
Value: 4 or 5 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Valena Series Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
Depth class: Shallow to bedrock (lithic) 2Bt horizon:
Drainage class: Well drained Hue: 7.5YR, 5YR
Permeability: Moderate Value: 4 or 5 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Landform: Plateaus Chroma: 4 or 6, dry or moist
Parent material: Alluvium derived from igneous and Texture: loam, sandy loam, sandy clay loam
metamorphic rock Clay content: 18 to 35 percent clay
Slope: 1 to 25 percent
Elevation: 5,000 to 5,200 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 14 to 18 inches Vekol family
Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 52 degrees F
Frost-free period: 135 to 150 days Depth class: Very deep
Classification: Loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Drainage class: Well drained
Lithic Haplustalfs Permeability: Slow
Landform: Fan terraces
Typical Pedon
Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Typical pedon of Valena sandy loam in an area of sources
Valena-Rock outcrop-Carri family complex, 1 to 25 Slope: 2 to 7 percent
percent slopes; latitude of 35 degrees, 23 minutes, 28 Elevation: 2,000 to 3,200 feet
seconds north and a longitude of 113 degrees, 37 Mean annual precipitation: 7 to 12 inches
minutes, 10 seconds west; 1,700 feet north and 2,000 Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F
feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 12, T. 23 N., Frost-free period: 200 to 250 days
R. 13 W. Classification: Fine, mixed, superactive, thermic Typic
A—0 to 2 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) sandy loam, Haplargids
dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine granular
Typical Pedon
structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic;
common very fine roots; many very fine tubular pores; Typical pedon of Vekol family gravelly loamy sand in
5 percent gravel; noneffervescent; slightly alkaline (pH an area of Vekol family gravelly loamy sand, 2 to 7
7.6); abrupt smooth boundary. percent slopes; latitude of 34 degrees, 55 minutes, 02
Bw—2 to 7 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) seconds north and a longitude of 113 degrees, 38
sandy loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) moist; minutes, 19 seconds west; 1,100 feet south and 1,200
moderate fine subangular blocky structure; slightly feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 27, T. 18 N.,
hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; R. 13 W.
few very fine roots; many very fine tubular pores; 5 A—0 to 4 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) gravelly
percent gravel; noneffervescent; slightly alkaline (pH loamy sand, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; weak fine
7.8); clear wavy boundary. granular structure; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky
2Bt—7 to 12 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) sandy and nonplastic; many fine roots; many fine irregular
clay loam, reddish brown (5YR 4/4) moist; strong fine pores; 25 percent gravel; noneffervescent; neutral (pH
subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, moderately 7.2); abrupt smooth boundary.
sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine roots; BA—4 to 10 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) gravelly
many very fine tubular pores; common faint clay films sandy loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; moderate fine
on faces of peds and lining pores; 5 percent gravel; granular structure; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky
noneffervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt and nonplastic; many fine roots; many very fine
smooth boundary. irregular and few fine tubular pores; 15 percent gravel,
2R—12 inches; granite bedrock. 5 percent cobble; noneffervescent; slightly alkaline (pH
7.4); clear wavy boundary.
Range in Characteristics
2Bt1—10 to 26 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) gravelly
Rock fragments: less than 25 percent sandy clay, reddish brown (5YR 4/4) moist; moderate
Reaction: slightly or moderately alkaline medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm,
Effervescence: noneffervescent or slightly moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many very
effervescent fine roots; common fine tubular pores; common distinct
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 181
clay films on faces of peds; 25 percent gravel; Slope range: 1 to 3 percent
noneffervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); clear wavy Elevation: 2,000 to 3,800 feet
boundary. Mean annual precipitation: 7 to 12 inches
2Bt2—26 to 40 inches; reddish brown (5YR 5/4) Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F
gravelly sandy clay loam, reddish brown (5YR 4/4) Frost-free period: 200 to 250
moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; Classification: Sandy, mixed, thermic Typic
slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately Torrifluvents
plastic; few very fine roots; few fine tubular pores; few
Typical Pedon
faint clay films lining pores; 20 percent gravel;
noneffervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); abrupt wavy Typical pedon of Vinton coarse sandy loam in an area
boundary. of Dudleyville-Vinton-Riverwash complex, 1 to 3
3Bk—40 to 60 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) percent slopes; latitude of 34 degrees, 31 minutes, 55
very gravelly sand, strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) moist; seconds north and a longitude of 113 degrees, 27
single grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; few fine minutes, 08 seconds west; 0 feet south and 2,100 feet
roots; few fine tubular pores; few large soft calcium east of the northwest corner of sec. 30, T. 14 N., R. 11
carbonate masses; violently effervescent; 40 percent W.
gravel; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4). A—0 to 3 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) coarse sandy
loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine granular
Range in Characteristics
structure; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and
Use of the "Vekol family" reference term is a nonplastic; many very fine roots; common very fine
convention to reduce name length and implies no tubular pores; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline
specific use of a soil series, reduced mapping (pH 7.8); abrupt smooth boundary.
intensity, or range of properties beyond that which is Bw—3 to 24 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loamy coarse
described in the map unit description and database. sand, dark brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak fine granular
Use, management, and interpretations are not affected. structure; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and
Depth to calcium carbonate: 35 to 40 inches nonplastic; common very fine roots; common very fine
tubular pores; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline
A horizon:
(pH 7.8); abrupt smooth boundary.
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
C1—24 to 30 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist
loamy coarse sand, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; massive;
Chroma: 4 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist
slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic;
BA horizon: few very fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; 30
Not present in all pedons. percent gravel; slightly effervescent; moderately
alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt smooth boundary.
2Bt horizons:
2C2—30 to 38 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loamy
Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR
coarse sand, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; massive;
Value: 4 or 5 dry, 3 or 4 moist
slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic;
Chroma: 4 or 6, dry or moist
few very fine roots; common very fine irregular pores;
Texture: sandy clay, sandy clay loam
10 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; moderately
Rock fragments: less than 30 percent gravel
alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt smooth boundary.
3Bk horizon: 3C3—38 to 60 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very
Not present in all pedons. gravelly loamy coarse sand, brown (10YR 4/3) moist;
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 2 to 10 percent massive; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and
nonplastic; few very fine roots; common very fine
irregular pores; 40 percent gravel, 5 percent cobble;
Vinton Series slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0).
Depth class: Very deep Range in Characteristics
Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Effervescence: slight to violent
Permeability: Moderately rapid
Flooding: Occasional A horizon:
Landform: Flood plains Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock Value: 5 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist
sources Chroma: 3 or 4 moist
182 Soil Survey
C horizons: shrinkage cracks; slightly effervescent; slightly
Hue: 7 YR, 10YR alkaline (pH 7.8); gradual wavy boundary.
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 3 through 6 moist Bw2—26 to 50 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) silty clay,
Chroma: 3 or 4 moist brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; moderate medium prismatic
Rock fragments: averages 5 to 35 percent gravel; one structure parting to strong medium subangular blocky;
or more horizons within the control section may very hard, very firm, very sticky and very plastic; few
have more than 35 percent gravel very fine roots; few very fine tubular pores; 5 percent
Texture: loamy coarse sand, loamy sand, sand, coarse gravel; common pressure faces; few slickensides;
sand slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); abrupt
wavy boundary.
C—50 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)
Wagonbow Series very gravelly clay loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR
4/4) moist; massive; hard, firm, moderately sticky and
Depth class: Very deep
moderately plastic; few very fine roots; common very
Drainage class: Well drained
fine tubular pores; 40 percent gravel; slightly
Permeability: Slow
effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0).
Landform: Hills and mountains
Parent material: Alluvium and colluvium from volcanics Range in Characteristics
Slope range: 15 to 25 percent
Linear extensibility: 6.0 centimeters or more from the
Elevation: 3,800 to 5,200 feet
surface to 40 inches
Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 16 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 57 to 61 degrees F A horizon:
Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
Classification: Fine, smectitic, thermic Ustertic Value: 4 or 5 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Haplocambids Chroma: 2 or 3, dry or moist
Texture: clay loam, silty clay loam
Typical Pedon
Rock fragments: 35 to 65 percent stone, cobble, and
Typical pedon of Wagonbow very stony clay loam in an gravel
area of Courthouse family-Rock outcrop-Wagonbow
Bw horizons:
complex, 15 to 70 percent slopes; latitude of 34
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
degrees, 43 minutes, 22 seconds north and a longitude
Value: 4 or 5 dry, 3 or 4 moist
of 113 degrees, 23 minutes, 16 seconds west; 4,400
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
feet south and 200 feet east of the northwest corner of
Texture: silty clay, clay
sec. 14, T. 16 N., R. 11 W.
Rock fragments: 5 to 25 percent gravel, cobble and/or
A1—0 to 3 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) very stony
stone
clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist;
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 5 to 10 percent
moderate fine granular structure; hard, firm, moderately
sticky and moderately plastic; many very fine roots; C horizon:
many very fine irregular pores; 20 percent stone, 20 Hue: 7.5, 10YR
percent cobble, and 20 percent gravel; few shrinkage Value: 4 or 5, dry or moist
cracks; noneffervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
abrupt smooth boundary. Texture: clay loam, silty clay loam, clay
A2—3 to 6 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) cobbly clay Coarse fragments: 5 to 45 percent gravel, cobble and/
loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate very fine or stone
subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, moderately Calcium carbonate equivalent: 5 to 10 percent
sticky and moderately plastic; many very fine roots;
common very fine tubular pores; 20 percent cobble;
few shrinkage cracks; noneffervescent; slightly White House Series
alkaline (pH 7.8); clear wavy boundary.
Bw1—6 to 26 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay, Depth class: Very deep
brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate medium prismatic Drainage class: Well drained
structure parting to strong medium subangular blocky; Permeability: Slow
very hard, very firm, very sticky and very plastic; few Landform: Fan terraces
very fine roots; few very fine tubular pores; 10 percent Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
cobble; common pressure faces; few slickensides; few sources
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 183
Slope: 2 to 15 percent Rock fragments: 15 to 35 percent cobble and gravel
Elevation: 3,800 to 4,800 feet
Bt horizons:
Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 16 inches
Texture: sandy clay loam, sandy clay (averaging
Mean annual air temperature: 57 to 61 degrees F
greater than 35 percent clay)
Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days
Rock fragments: 15 to 35 percent
Classification: Fine, mixed, superactive, thermic Ustic
Haplargids BC horizon:
Rock fragments: 15 to 35 percent
Typical Pedon
Typical pedon of White House gravelly loamy sand in
an area of White House gravelly loamy sand, 2 to 15 White House family
percent slopes; latitude of 35 degrees, 08 minutes, 16
Depth class: Very deep
seconds north and a longitude of 113 degrees, 44
Drainage class: Well drained
minutes, 35 seconds west; 100 feet south and 750 feet
Permeability: Very slow
west of the northeast corner of sec. 10, T. 20 N., R. 14
Landform: Fan terraces
W.
Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
A—0 to 1 inch; brown (7.5YR 5/4) gravelly loamy
sources
sand, dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) moist; weak fine granular
Slope: 2 to 15 percent
structure; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; many fine
Elevation: 3,400 to 4,000 feet
roots; many fine irregular pores; noneffervescent; 30
Mean annual precipitation: 9 to 12 inches
percent gravel, 2 percent cobble; neutral (pH 7.0);
Mean annual air temperature: 57 to 64 degrees F
abrupt wavy boundary.
Frost-free period: 200 to 230 days
BA—1 to 5 inches; reddish brown (5YR 5/4) sandy
Classification: Fine, mixed, superactive, thermic Ustic
clay loam, reddish brown (5YR 4/4) moist; weak
Haplargids
medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm,
moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many fine Typical Pedon
roots; many fine tubular pores; noneffervescent; 5
Typical pedon of White House family very gravelly
percent gravel, 5 percent cobble; neutral (pH 7.0); clear
loamy sand in an area of White House family very
wavy boundary.
gravelly loamy sand, 2 to 15 percent slopes; latitude of
2Bt1—5 to 23 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) sandy
35 degrees, 09 minutes, 15 seconds north and a
clay, yellowish red (5YR 4/6) moist; strong medium
longitude of 113 degrees, 44 minutes, 37 seconds
prismatic structure; very hard, very firm, very sticky
west; 67 feet north and 850 feet east of the southwest
and very plastic; common fine roots; common very fine
corner of sec. 35, T. 21 N., R. 14 W.
tubular pores; many distinct clay films on faces of
A1—0 to 1 inch; brown (10YR 4/3) very gravelly
peds; noneffervescent; 10 percent gravel, 2 percent
loamy sand, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine
cobble; neutral (pH 7.2); abrupt wavy boundary.
granular structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and
2Bt2—23 to 42 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6)
nonplastic; common very fine roots; common very fine
gravelly sandy clay loam, strong brown (7.5YR 4/6)
irregular pores; 40 percent gravel; noneffervescent;
moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure;
neutral (pH 7.2); abrupt smooth boundary.
hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic;
A2—1 to 2 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) very gravelly
common very fine roots; common very fine tubular
sandy clay loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist;
pores; common distinct clay films on faces of peds;
moderate fine granular structure; soft, very friable,
slightly effervescent; 25 percent gravel; slightly
slightly sticky and nonplastic; few very fine roots;
alkaline (pH 7.4); gradual wavy boundary.
common very fine irregular pores; 40 percent gravel;
2BC—42 to 60 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6)
noneffervescent; neutral (pH 7.2); abrupt smooth
gravelly loamy sand, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; single
boundary.
grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine
Bt1—2 to 15 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)
roots; few fine irregular pores; slightly effervescent; 30
very gravelly sandy clay loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4)
percent gravel; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6).
moist; strong very fine subangular blocky structure;
Range in Characteristics hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic;
few very fine roots; common very fine tubular pores;
Calcium carbonate equivalent: less than 10 percent
common thin clay films on faces of peds and lining
Reaction: neutral or slightly alkaline
pores; 40 percent gravel; noneffervescent; slightly
A horizon: alkaline (pH 7.4); clear wavy boundary.
184 Soil Survey
Bt2—15 to 21 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) Drainage class: Well drained
gravelly clay, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; strong very fine Permeability: Moderately slow
subangular blocky structure; very hard, very firm, very Landform: Fan terraces
sticky and very plastic; few very fine roots; common Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed volcanic
very fine tubular pores; common thin clay films on rock
faces of peds and lining pores; 30 percent gravel; Slope: 1 to 15 percent
noneffervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); clear wavy Elevation: 1,800 to 3,800 feet
boundary. Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 9 inches
Bt3—21 to 32 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) Mean annual air temperature: 62 to 68 degrees F
clay, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; strong fine subangular Frost-free period: 190 to 250 days
blocky structure; very hard, very firm, very sticky and Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive,
very plastic; few very fine roots; common very fine thermic Typic Argidurids
tubular pores; many thin clay films on faces of peds
Typical Pedon
and lining pores; 10 percent gravel; noneffervescent;
slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); clear wavy boundary. Typical pedon of Whitehills very gravelly loam in an
BC—32 to 43 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) area of Whitehills very gravelly loam, 1 to 5 percent
gravelly sandy clay loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR slopes; latitude of 35 degrees, 07 minutes, 25 seconds
4/4) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; north and a longitude of 114 degrees, 17 minutes, 39
hard, very firm, slightly sticky and nonplastic; few very seconds west; 1,200 feet east and 1,400 feet south of
fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; few 1/2- the northwest corner of sec. 15, T. 20 N., R. 19 W.
inch-wide cylindrical areas with thin clay films on faces A—0 to 2 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) very
of peds and lining pores; 15 percent gravel; gravelly loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) moist;
noneffervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); clear wavy weak medium platy structure; slightly hard, friable,
boundary. nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine roots; many
C—43 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) very fine vesicular pores; 40 percent gravel and 5
gravelly loamy sand, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; percent cobble; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline
massive; slightly hard, very firm, nonsticky and (pH 7.8); clear wavy boundary.
nonplastic; few very fine roots; few fine tubular pores; Btk1—2 to 7 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) very
15 percent gravel; noneffervescent with few areas that gravelly loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; moderate
are slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6). medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable,
slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine
Range in Characteristics
roots; common very fine tubular pores; common faint
Use of the "White House family" reference term is a clay films on faces of peds; 35 percent gravel and 5
convention to reduce name length and implies no percent cobble; few fine soft calcium carbonate
specific use of a soil series, reduced mapping accumulations; slightly effervescent; 10 percent
intensity, or range of properties beyond that which is calcium carbonate equivalent; moderately alkaline (pH
described in the map unit description and database. 8.0); clear wavy boundary.
Use, management, and interpretations are not affected. Btk2—7 to 19 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) very
Clay content: averages more than 35 percent clay in gravelly clay loam, strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) moist;
the particle-size control section strong medium subangular blocky structure; very hard,
Reaction: neutral to slightly alkaline firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic;
common very fine roots; common very fine tubular
A horizons:
pores; strong distinct clay films on faces of peds;
Rock fragments: 15 to 60 percent, predominantly
40 percent gravel and 5 percent cobble; common fine
gravel
soft calcium carbonate accumulations; strongly
Bt horizons: effervescent; 14 percent calcium carbonate equivalent;
Rock fragments: 15 to 35 percent, predominantly moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt wavy boundary.
gravel Bk—19 to 27 inches; pink (7.5YR 8/4) very gravelly
Texture: sandy clay loam, clay loam, pink (7.5YR 7/4) moist; massive; hard, firm,
nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine roots; few very
fine tubular pores; 45 percent gravel and 10 percent
Whitehills Series cobble with calcium carbonate coating undersides;
many coarse soft calcium carbonate accumulations;
Depth class: Moderately deep to duripan violently effervescent; 24 percent calcium carbonate
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 185
equivalent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); abrupt wavy very fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; 45
boundary. percent gravel and 25 percent cobble; noneffervescent;
2Bkqm—27 inches; indurated silica-calcium moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt smooth boundary.
carbonate cemented duripan. C—1 to 5 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) very
gravelly coarse sandy loam, dark yellowish brown
Range in Characteristics
(10YR 4/4) moist; massive; loose, very friable,
Rock fragments: 35 to 70 percent nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine roots;
Organic matter: less than 1 percent in the surface common very fine tubular pores; 35 percent gravel;
Depth to duripan: 20 to 40 inches noneffervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt
smooth boundary.
A horizon:
2Cr—5 to 8 inches; weathered granite.
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
2R—8 inches; granite.
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist Range in Characteristics
B horizon: Depth to paralithic contact: 4 to 20 inches
Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR Depth to unweathered bedrock: 6 to 20 inches
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist Reaction: neutral to moderately alkaline
Chroma: 3, 4 or 6, dry or moist
A horizon:
Texture: loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam
Hue: 10YR, 7.5YR
Bk horizon: Value: 5 or 6 dry, 3 to 5 moist
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
Value: 6, 7 or 8 dry, 4 through 7 moist Rock fragments: 35 to 70 percent gravel and cobble
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
C horizon:
Texture: sandy loam, loam
Hue: 10YR, 7.5YR
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 3 to 5 moist
Wikieup Series Chroma: 2 to 4, dry or moist
Texture: loam, sandy loam, coarse sandy loam
Depth class: Very shallow and shallow to bedrock Rock fragments: 35 to 60 percent, dominantly gravel
Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Permeability: Moderately rapid
Landform: Pediments, hills and mountains Yahana family
Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
sources Depth class: Very deep
Slope: 3 to 60 percent Drainage class: Well drained
Elevation: 2,150 to 5,400 feet Permeability: Slow
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 12 inches Landform: Flood plains (protected)
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock
Frost-free period: 180 to 250 days sources
Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, Slope: 1 to 3 percent
nonacid, thermic, shallow Typic Torriorthents Elevation: 500 to 700 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 6 inches
Typical Pedon
Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F
Typical pedon of Wikieup extremely cobbly coarse Frost-free period: 250 to 325 days
sandy loam in an area of Mutang-Wikieup-Rock Classification: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive,
outcrop complex, 3 to 30 percent slopes; latitude of 35 hyperthermic Typic Haplosalids
degrees, 02 minutes, 03 seconds north and a longitude
Typical Pedon
of 114 degrees, 04 minutes, 17 seconds west; 900 feet
south and 600 feet east of the northwest corner of sec. Typical pedon of Yahana family silty clay loam in an
15, T. 19 N., R. 17 W. area of Yahana family silty clay loam, 1 to 3 percent
A—0 to 1 inch; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) slopes; latitude of 34 degrees, 58 minutes, 07 seconds
extremely cobbly coarse sandy loam, dark yellowish north and a longitude of 114 degrees, 35 minutes, 21
brown (10YR 4/4) moist; weak fine granular structure; seconds west; 200 feet north and 2,650 feet east of
loose, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common the southwest corner of sec. 02, T. 18 N., R. 22 W.
186
Anz—0 to 4 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/2) silty clay clay loam, brown (7.5YR 5/4) moist; massive; hard,
loam, brown (7.5YR 4/2) moist; moderate thick platy firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few
structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately very fine roots few fine interstitial pores; common fine
plastic; few fine roots; common fine tubular pores; thin salt crystals; many fine iron stains; strongly
salt crust and few fine salt crystals; strongly effervescent; very strongly alkaline (pH 9.2); abrupt
effervescent; very strongly alkaline (pH 9.2); abrupt wavy boundary.
wavy boundary. C—56 to 60 inches; pink (7.5YR 7/4) fine sand, light
Bnz1—4 to 8 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/2) stratified brown (7.5YR 6/4) moist; massive; loose, nonsticky
silty clay, brown (7.5YR 4/2) moist; weak fine and nonplastic; common medium interstitial pores;
subangular blocky structure; very hard, very firm, very slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2).
sticky and very plastic; few fine roots; few fine
Range in Characteristics
interstitial pores; many fine salt crystals; many fine
iron stains; violently effervescent; very strongly Use of the "Yahana family" reference term is a
alkaline (pH 9.4); abrupt wavy boundary. convention to reduce name length and implies no
Bnz2—8 to 29 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/3) silt specific use of a soil series, reduced mapping
loam, brown (7.5YR 5/3) moist; weak fine subangular intensity, or range of properties beyond that which is
blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and described in the map unit description and database.
moderately plastic; few fine roots; few fine interstitial Use, management, and interpretations are not affected.
pores; few fine salt crystals; many fine iron stains; Depth to a salic horizon: 0 to 10 inches
violently effervescent; very strongly alkaline (pH 9.2); Salinity (ECe): up to 80 dS/m
abrupt wavy boundary. Sodicity (SAR): up to 400
Bnz3—29 to 41 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) Clay content: averages 18 to 35 percent clay with less
stratified silty clay, brown (7.5YR 5/4) moist; massive; than 15 percent fine sand or coarser sand
very hard, very firm, very sticky and very plastic; few
Bnz horizons:
very fine roots; few fine interstitial pores; common fine
Texture: stratified silt loam, silty clay, silty clay loam,
salt crystals; many fine iron stains; violently
very fine sandy loam
effervescent; very strongly alkaline (pH 9.4); abrupt
smooth boundary. C horizon:
Bnz4—41 to 56 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) silty Texture: fine sand, sand
187
References
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 2000.
Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and
testing. 20th edition, 2 volumes.
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2001. Standard classification of
soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D 2487-00.
Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation Service. U.S.
Department of Agriculture Handbook 18.
Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making
and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation Service. U.S.
Department of Agriculture Handbook 436.
Soil Survey Staff. 2003. Keys to soil taxonomy. 9th edition. U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National forestry manual. http://soils.usda.gov/technical/nfmanual/ (verified 11/05).
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National range and pasture handbook. http://www.glti.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/
publications/nrph.html (verified 11/05).
United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1981. Land
resource regions and major land resource areas of the United States. U.S. Department
of Agriculture Handbook 296.
189
Glossary
Aeration, soil. The exchange of air in soil with air from exchangeable bases (sum of Ca, Mg, Na, and K),
the atmosphere. The air in a well aerated soil is expressed as a percentage of the total cation-
similar to that in the atmosphere; the air in a poorly exchange capacity.
aerated soil is considerably higher in carbon Bedding planes. Fine strata, less than 5 millimeters
dioxide and lower in oxygen. thick, in unconsolidated alluvial, eolian, lacustrine,
Aggregate, soil. Many fine particles held in a single or marine sediment.
mass or cluster. Natural soil aggregates, such as Bedrock. The solid rock that underlies the soil and
granules, blocks, or prisms, are called peds. Clods other unconsolidated material or that is exposed at
are aggregates produced by tillage or logging. the surface.
Sodic soil. A soil having so high a degree of alkalinity Boulders. Rock fragments larger than 2 feet (60
(pH 8.5 or higher) or so high a percentage of centimeters) in diameter.
exchangeable sodium (15 percent or more of the Calcareous soil. A soil containing enough calcium
total exchangeable bases), or both, that plant carbonate (commonly combined with magnesium
growth is restricted. carbonate) to effervesce visibly when treated with
Alluvial fan. The fanlike deposit of a stream where it cold, dilute hydrochloric acid.
issues from a gorge upon a plain or of a tributary Capillary water. Water held as a film around soil
stream near or at its junction with its main stream. particles and in tiny spaces between particles.
Alluvium. Material, such as sand, silt, or clay, Surface tension is the adhesive force that holds
deposited on land by streams. capillary water in the soil.
Aquic conditions. Current soil wetness characterized Cation. An ion carrying a positive charge of electricity.
by saturation, reduction, and redoximorphic The common soil cations are calcium, potassium,
features. magnesium, sodium, and hydrogen.
Argillic horizon. A subsoil horizon characterized by Cation-exchange capacity. The total amount of
an accumulation of illuvial clay. exchangeable cations that can be held by the soil,
Aspect. The direction in which a slope faces. expressed in terms of milliequivalents per 100
Association, soil. A group of soils or miscellaneous grams of soil at neutrality (pH 7.0) or at some other
areas geographically associated in a characteristic stated pH value. The term, as applied to soils, is
repeating pattern and defined and delineated as a synonymous with base-exchange capacity but is
single map unit. more precise in meaning.
Available water capacity (available moisture Channery soil material. Soil material that has, by
capacity). The capacity of soils to hold water volume, 15 to 35 percent thin, flat fragments of
available for use by most plants. It is commonly sandstone, shale, slate, limestone, or schist as
defined as the difference between the amount of much as 6 inches (15 centimeters) along the
soil water at field moisture capacity and the longest axis. A single piece is called a channer.
amount at wilting point. It is commonly expressed Chemical treatment. Control of unwanted vegetation
as inches of water per inch of soil. through the use of chemicals.
Backslope. The position that forms the steepest and Clay. As a soil separate, the mineral soil particles less
generally linear, middle portion of a hillslope. In than 0.002 millimeter in diameter. As a soil textural
profile, backslopes are commonly bounded by a class, soil material that is 40 percent or more clay,
convex shoulder above and a concave footslope less than 45 percent sand, and less than 40
below. percent silt.
Base saturation. The degree to which material having Clay depletions. Low-chroma zones having a low
cation-exchange properties is saturated with content of iron, manganese, and clay because of
190 Soil Survey
the chemical reduction of iron and manganese and Control section. The part of the soil on which
the removal of iron, manganese, and clay. A type classification is based. The thickness varies
of redoximorphic depletion. among different kinds of soil, but for many it is that
Clay film. A thin coating of oriented clay on the part of the soil profile between depths of 10 inches
surface of a soil aggregate or lining pores or root and 40 or 80 inches.
channels. Synonyms: clay coating, clay skin. Corrosion. Soil-induced electrochemical or chemical
Coarse textured soil. Sand or loamy sand. action that dissolves or weakens concrete or
Cobble (or cobblestone). A rounded or partly rounded uncoated steel.
fragment of rock 3 to 10 inches (7.6 to 25 Cutbanks cave (in tables). The walls of excavations
centimeters) in diameter. tend to cave in or slough.
Cobbly soil material. Material that has 15 to 35 Dense layer (in tables). A very firm, massive layer that
percent, by volume, rounded or partially rounded has a bulk density of more than 1.8 grams per
rock fragments 3 to 10 inches (7.6 to 25 cubic centimeter. Such a layer affects the ease of
centimeters) in diameter. Very cobbly soil material digging and can affect filling and compacting.
has 35 to 60 percent of these rock fragments, and Depth, soil. Generally, the thickness of the soil over
extremely cobbly soil material has more than 60 bedrock. Very deep soils are more than 60 inches
percent. deep over bedrock; deep soils, 40 to 60 inches;
COLE (coefficient of linear extensibility). See Linear moderately deep, 20 to 40 inches; shallow, 10 to
extensibility. 20 inches; and very shallow, less than 10 inches.
Colluvium. Soil material or rock fragments, or both, Desert pavement. On a desert surface, a layer of
moved by creep, slide, or local wash and gravel or larger fragments that was emplaced by
deposited at the base of steep slopes. upward movement of the underlying sediments or
Complex, soil. A map unit of two or more kinds of soil that remains after finer particles have been
or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern removed by running water or the wind.
or so small in area that it is not practical to map Drainage class (natural). Refers to the frequency and
them separately at the selected scale of mapping. duration of wet periods under conditions similar to
The pattern and proportion of the soils or those under which the soil formed. Alterations of
miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all the water regime by human activities, either
areas. through drainage or irrigation, are not a
Concretions. Cemented bodies with crude internal consideration unless they have significantly
symmetry organized around a point, a line, or a changed the morphology of the soil. Seven
plane. They typically take the form of concentric classes of natural soil drainage are recognized—
layers visible to the naked eye. Calcium excessively drained, somewhat excessively
carbonate, iron oxide, and manganese oxide are drained, well drained, moderately well drained,
common compounds making up concretions. If somewhat poorly drained, poorly drained, and very
formed in place, concretions of iron oxide or poorly drained. These classes are defined in the
manganese oxide are generally considered a type “Soil Survey Manual.”
of redoximorphic concentration. Drainage, surface. Runoff, or surface flow of water,
Conglomerate. A coarse grained, clastic rock from an area.
composed of rounded or subangular rock Ecological site. An area where climate, soil, and relief
fragments more than 2 millimeters in diameter. It are sufficiently uniform to produce a distinct
commonly has a matrix of sand and finer textured natural plant community. An ecological site is the
material. Conglomerate is the consolidated product of all the environmental factors responsible
equivalent of gravel. for its development. It is typified by an association
Consistence, soil. Refers to the degree of cohesion of species that differ from those on other
and adhesion of soil material and its resistance to ecological sites in kind and/or proportion of
deformation when ruptured. Consistence includes species or in total production.
resistance of soil material to rupture and to Eluviation. The movement of material in true solution
penetration; plasticity, toughness, and stickiness or colloidal suspension from one place to another
of puddled soil material; and the manner in which within the soil. Soil horizons that have lost material
the soil material behaves when subject to through eluviation are eluvial; those that have
compression. Terms describing consistence are received material are illuvial.
defined in the “Soil Survey Manual.” Eolian soil material. Earthy parent material
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 191
accumulated through wind action; commonly refers much as 1,000 feet (300 meters) and fringes a
to sandy material in dunes or to loess in blankets mountain range or high-plateau escarpment.
on the surface. Footslope. The position that forms the inner, gently
Erosion. The wearing away of the land surface by inclined surface at the base of a hillslope. In
water, wind, ice, or other geologic agents and by profile, footslopes are commonly concave. A
such processes as gravitational creep. footslope is a transition zone between upslope
Erosion (geologic). Erosion caused by geologic sites of erosion and transport (shoulders and
processes acting over long geologic periods and backslopes) and downslope sites of deposition
resulting in the wearing away of mountains and the (toeslopes).
building up of such landscape features as flood Forb. Any herbaceous plant not a grass or a sedge.
plains and coastal plains. Synonym: natural Genesis, soil. The mode of origin of the soil. Refers
erosion. especially to the processes or soil-forming factors
Erosion (accelerated). Erosion much more rapid responsible for the formation of the solum, or true
than geologic erosion, mainly as a result of human soil, from the unconsolidated parent material.
or animal activities or of a catastrophe in nature, Gravel. Rounded or angular fragments of rock as much
such as a fire, that exposes the surface. as 3 inches (2 millimeters to 7.6 centimeters) in
Escarpment. A relatively continuous and steep slope diameter. An individual piece is a pebble.
or cliff breaking the general continuity of more Gravelly soil material. Material that has 15 to 35
gently sloping land surfaces and resulting from percent, by volume, rounded or angular rock
erosion or faulting. Synonym: scarp. fragments, not prominently flattened, as much as 3
Extrusive rock. Igneous rock derived from deep- inches (7.6 centimeters) in diameter.
seated molten matter (magma) emplaced on the Ground water. Water filling all the unblocked pores of
earth’s surface. the material below the water table.
Fan terrace. A relict alluvial fan, no longer a site of Gully. A miniature valley with steep sides cut by
active deposition, incised by younger and lower running water and through which water ordinarily
alluvial surfaces. runs only after rainfall. The distinction between a
Fertility, soil. The quality that enables a soil to gully and a rill is one of depth. A gully generally is
provide plant nutrients, in adequate amounts and in an obstacle to farm machinery and is too deep to
proper balance, for the growth of specified plants be obliterated by ordinary tillage; a rill is of lesser
when light, moisture, temperature, tilth, and other depth and can be smoothed over by ordinary
growth factors are favorable. tillage.
Field moisture capacity. The moisture content of a Hard bedrock. Bedrock that cannot be excavated
soil, expressed as a percentage of the oven dry except by blasting or by the use of special
weight, after the gravitational, or free, water has equipment that is not commonly used in
drained away; the field moisture content 2 or 3 construction.
days after a soaking rain; also called normal field Hardpan. A hardened or cemented soil horizon, or
capacity, normal moisture capacity, or capillary layer. The soil material is sandy, loamy, or clayey
capacity. and is cemented by iron oxide, silica, calcium
Fine textured soil. Sandy clay, silty clay, or clay. carbonate, or other substance.
Flaggy soil material. Material that has, by volume, 15 Hard to reclaim (in tables). Reclamation is difficult
to 35 percent flagstones. Very flaggy soil material after the removal of soil for construction and other
has 35 to 60 percent flagstones, and extremely uses. Revegetation and erosion control are
flaggy soil material has more than 60 percent extremely difficult.
flagstones. Head slope. A geomorphic component of hills
Flagstone. A thin fragment of sandstone, limestone, consisting of a laterally concave area of a hillside,
slate, shale, or (rarely) schist 6 to 15 inches (15 to especially at the head of a drainageway. The
38 centimeters) long. overland waterflow is converging.
Flood plain. A nearly level alluvial plain that borders a Horizon, soil. A layer of soil, approximately parallel to
stream and is subject to flooding unless protected the surface, having distinct characteristics
artificially. produced by soil-forming processes. In the
Foothill. A steeply sloping upland that has relief of as identification of soil horizons, an uppercase letter
192 Soil Survey
represents the major horizons. Numbers or Illuviation. The movement of soil material from one
lowercase letters that follow represent subdivisions horizon to another in the soil profile. Generally,
of the major horizons. An explanation of the material is removed from an upper horizon and
subdivisions is given in the “Soil Survey Manual.” deposited in a lower horizon.
The major horizons of mineral soil are as follows: Impervious soil. A soil through which water, air, or
O horizon.—An organic layer of fresh and decaying roots penetrate slowly or not at all. No soil is
plant residue. absolutely impervious to air and water all the time.
A horizon.—The mineral horizon at or near the Infiltration. The downward entry of water into the
surface in which an accumulation of humified immediate surface of soil or other material, as
organic matter is mixed with the mineral material. contrasted with percolation, which is movement of
Also, a plowed surface horizon, most of which was water through soil layers or material.
originally part of a B horizon. Infiltration capacity. The maximum rate at which
E horizon.—The mineral horizon in which the main water can infiltrate into a soil under a given set of
feature is loss of silicate clay, iron, aluminum, or conditions.
some combination of these. Infiltration rate. The rate at which water penetrates
B horizon.—The mineral horizon below an A the surface of the soil at any given instant, usually
horizon. The B horizon is in part a layer of expressed in inches per hour. The rate can be
transition from the overlying A to the underlying C limited by the infiltration capacity of the soil or the
horizon. The B horizon also has distinctive rate at which water is applied at the surface.
characteristics, such as (1) accumulation of clay, Iron depletions. Low-chroma zones having a low
sesquioxides, humus, or a combination of these; content of iron and manganese oxide because of
(2) prismatic or blocky structure; (3) redder or chemical reduction and removal, but having a clay
browner colors than those in the A horizon; or (4) a content similar to that of the adjacent matrix. A
combination of these. type of redoximorphic depletion.
C horizon.—The mineral horizon or layer, excluding Irrigation. Application of water to soils to assist in
indurated bedrock, that is little affected by soil- production of crops. Methods of irrigation are:
forming processes and does not have the Basin.—Water is applied rapidly to nearly level
properties typical of the overlying soil material. The plains surrounded by levees or dikes.
material of a C horizon may be either like or unlike Ksat. Saturated hydraulic conductivity. (See
that in which the solum formed. If the material is Permeability.)
known to differ from that in the solum, an Arabic Lacustrine deposit. Material deposited in lake water
numeral, commonly a 2, precedes the letter C. and exposed when the water level is lowered or the
Cr horizon.—Soft, consolidated bedrock beneath elevation of the land is raised.
the soil. Land capability classification. A system of grouping
R layer.—Consolidated bedrock beneath the soil. soils primarily on the basis of their capability to
The bedrock commonly underlies a C horizon, but produce common cultivated crops and pasture
it can be directly below an A or a B horizon. plants without deteriorating over a long period of
Humus. The well decomposed, more or less stable time. Separate classifications are given for
part of the organic matter in mineral soils. irrigated and nonirrigated soils. In Arizona, irrigated
Hydrologic soil groups. Refers to soils grouped land capability classifications are applied only to
according to their runoff potential. The soil cultivated soils. (Natural Resources Conservation
properties that influence this potential are those Service, Arizona, 2001).
that affect the minimum rate of water infiltration on Large stones (in tables). Rock fragments 3 inches (7.6
a bare soil during periods after prolonged wetting centimeters) or more across. Large stones
when the soil is not frozen. These properties are adversely affect the specified use of the soil.
depth to a seasonal high water table, the infiltration Leaching. The removal of soluble material from soil or
rate and permeability after prolonged wetting, and other material by percolating water.
depth to a very slowly permeable layer. The slope Linear extensibility. Refers to the change in length of
and the kind of plant cover are not considered but an unconfined clod as moisture content is
are separate factors in predicting runoff. decreased from a moist to a dry state. Linear
Igneous rock. Rock formed by solidification from a extensibility is used to determine the shrink-swell
molten or partially molten state. Major varieties potential of soils. It is an expression of the volume
include plutonic and volcanic rock. Examples are change between the water content of the clod at
andesite, basalt, and granite. 1
/3- or 1/10-bar tension (33kPa or 10kPa tension) and
Mohave County, Arizona, Southern Part 193
oven dryness. Volume change is influenced by the and the thickness and arrangement of those
amount and type of clay minerals in the soil. The horizons in the soil profile.
volume change is the percent change for the whole Mottling, soil. Irregular spots of different colors that
soil. If it is expressed as a fraction, the resulting vary in number and size. Descriptive terms are as
value is COLE, coefficient of linear extensibility. follows: abundance—few, common, and many;
Liquid limit. The moisture content at which the soil size—fine, medium, and coarse; and contrast—
passes from a plastic to a liquid state. faint, distinct, and prominent. The size
Loam. Soil material that is 7 to 27 percent clay measurements are of the diameter along the
particles, 28 to 50 percent silt particles, and less greatest dimension. Fine indicates less than 5
than 52 percent sand particles. millimeters (about 0.2 inch); medium, from 5 to 15
Low strength. The soil is not strong enough to support millimeters (about 0.2 to 0.6 inch); and coarse,
loads. more than 15 millimeters (about 0.6 inch).
Masses. Concentrations of substances in the soil Mountain. A natural elevation of the land surface,
matrix that do not have a clearly defined boundary rising more than 1,000 feet above surrounding
with the surrounding soil material and cannot be lowlands, commonly of restricted summit area
removed as a discrete unit. Common compounds (relative to a plateau) and generally having steep
making up masses are calcium carbonate, gypsum sides. A mountain can occur as a single, isolated
or other soluble salts, iron oxide, and manganese mass or in a group forming a chain or range.
oxide. Masses consisting of iron oxide or Mudstone. Sedimentary rock formed by induration of
manganese oxide generally are considered a type silt and clay in approximately equal amounts.
of redoximorphic concentration. Munsell notation. A designation of color by degrees
Mechanical treatment. Use of mechanical equipment of three simple variables—hue, value, and chroma.
for seeding, brush management, and other For example, a notation of 10YR 6/4 is a color with
management practices. hue of 10YR, value of 6, and chroma of 4.
Medium textured soil. Very fine sandy loam, loam, Natric horizon. A special kind of argillic horizon that
silt loam, or silt. contains enough exchangeable sodium to have an
Mesa. A broad, nearly flat topped and commonly adverse effect on the physical condition of the
isolated upland mass characterized by summit subsoil.
widths that are more than the heights of bounding Neutral soil. A soil having a pH value of 6.6 to 7.3.
erosional scarps. (See Reaction, soil.)
Metamorphic rock. Rock of any origin altered in Nodules. Cemented bodies lacking visible internal
mineralogical composition, chemical composition, structure. Calcium carbonate, iron oxide, and
or structure by heat, pressure, and movement. manganese oxide are common compounds making
Nearly all such rocks are crystalline. up nodules. If formed in place, nodules of iron
Mineral soil. Soil that is mainly mineral material and oxide or manganese oxide are considered types of
low in organic material. Its bulk density is more redoximorphic concentrations.
than that of organic soil. Nose slope. A geomorphic component of hills
Miscellaneous area. An area that has little or no consisting of the projecting end (laterally convex
natural soil and supports little or no vegetation. area) of a hillside. The overland waterflow is
Moderately coarse textured soil. Coarse sandy loam, predominantly divergent.
sandy loam, or fine sandy loam. Nutrient, plant. Any element taken in by a plant
Moderately fine textured soil. Clay loam, sandy clay essential to its growth. Plant nutrients are mainly
loam, or silty clay loam. nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium,
Mollic epipedon. A thick, dark, humus-rich surface magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper,
horizon (or horizons) that has high base saturation boron, and zinc obtained from the soil and carbon,
and pedogenic soil structure. It may include the hydrogen, and oxygen obtained from the air and
upper part of the subsoil. water.
Morphology, soil. The physical makeup of the soil, Organic matter. Plant and animal residue in the soil in
including the texture, structure, porosity, various stages of decomposition. The content of
consistence, color, and other physical, mineral, organic matter in the surface layer is described as
and biological properties of the various horizons, follows:
194 Soil Survey
Very low ................................. less than 0.5 percent Plastic limit. The moisture content at which a soil
Low ............................................... 0.5 to 1.0 percent changes from semisolid to plastic.
Moderately low ............................. 1.0 to 2.0 percent Plateau. An extensive upland mass with relatively flat
Moderate ...................................... 2.0 to 4.0 percent summit area that is considerably elevated (more
High .............................................. 4.0 to 8.0 percent than 100 meters) above adjacent lowlands and
Very high ............................... more than 8.0 percent separated from them on one or more sides by
Pan. A compact, dense layer in a soil that impedes the escarpments.
movement of water and the growth of roots. For Playa. The generally dry and nearly level lake plain
example, hardpan, fragipan, clay pan, plowpan, that occupies the lowest parts of closed
and traffic pan. depressional areas, such as those on intermontane
Parent material. The unconsolidated organic and basin floors. Temporary flooding occurs primarily in
mineral material in which soil forms. response to precipitation and runoff.
Ped. An individual natural soil aggregate, such as a Ponding. Standing water on soils in closed
granule, a prism, or a block. depressions. Unless the soils are artificially
Pedon. The smallest volume that can be called “a drained, the water can be removed only by
soil.” A pedon is three dimensional and large percolation or evapotranspiration.
enough to permit study of all horizons. Its area Poorly graded. Refers to a coarse grained soil or soil
ranges from about 10 to 100 square feet (1 square material consisting mainly of particles of nearly the
meter to 10 square meters), depending on the same size. Because there is little difference in
variability of the soil. size of the particles, density can be increased only
Percolation. The movement of water through the soil. slightly by compaction.
Permeability. The quality of the soil that enables Potential rooting depth (effective rooting depth).
water or air to move downward through the profile. Depth to which roots could penetrate if the content
The rate at which a saturated soil transmits water of moisture in the soil were adequate. The soil has
is accepted as a measure of this quality. In