WWII Chapter 15: Sections 2-3 Guided Notes **Be sure to read these sections before Test on Tues. April 14** _______________________________________________________ SO…..Where are we by December 1941? Let’s re-cap!
Sept. 1939: Poland surrenders April 1940: Denmark, Norway, Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg all surrender June 1940: France surrenders Interventionists vs. Isolationists in USA July 1940: Japan and the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere Sept 1940: Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis U.S. embargo is extended – Export Control Act Sept. 1940-May 1941: Battle of Britain FDR signs Selective Training and Service Act in Sept. 1940 (1st peace time draft) Jan. 1941: “Lend Lease” replaces “Cash and Carry” U.S. loans Britain/allies $50 billion in weapons/vehicles/supplies Results in undeclared warfare between German and U.S. navies June 1941: Germany invade the Soviet Union U.S. extends Lend Lease aid to USSR July 1941: U.S. ends all trade with Japan (had supplied 80% of their oil pre-embargo) Aug. 1941: Atlantic Charter FDR & Churchill establish goals for post-war world U.S., Britain, and 15 others vow to create international org. for peace keeping U.N. Nov. 1941: Japan needs oil to keep expanding oil is in the Philippines Dec. 1941: Pearl Harbor Yamamoto’s Plan to knock out U.S. fleet to clear the way for Japanese invasion of Philippines. Japan begins invasion of Philippines MacArthur/U.S. forced to surrender islands in June.
WWII will eventually come to have 4 Major Fronts:
1. Hitler opens up Eastern Front when he attacks the USSR in June 1941 – Operation Barbarossa 2. U.S. begins island hopping campaign in the Pacific against the Japanese in 1942 3. Northern Africa- U.S. enters Northern Africa in Nov. 1942 – Operation Torch 4. Western Front – U.S. lands in France on D-Day (June 6, 1944) - Operation Overlord __________________________________________________________________________________
OPERATION BARBAROSSA: Hitler Invades the Soviet Union in June 1941
Overview: 1. Hitler breaks the _____________________________________________with the Soviet Union 2. Opens the Eastern Front which will be the largest theater of war and military campaign in history
3. _______________ Million Soviet casualties. Soviets suffer more casualties than any other nation, even more than were lost in the Holocaust. Why? 1. Lebensraum = ________________________________________ 2. ____________________________: Land, Agriculture, Slave Labor, OIL! 3. Belief that Slavic race is _____________________________ Miscalculations: 1. Avoid fighting a ______________________________ war! 2. Stalin did not believe Hitler would invade before __________________ had been defeated 3. Hitler delayed Operation Barbarossa by 6 weeks because he sent troops into ______________. 4. Hitler only expected Operation Barbarossa to last 8-10 weeks. Only ____________ of the German troops had winter clothing. Do NOT underestimate the Soviet winter!
Siege of Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), September 1941-January 1943:
In December 1941, Soviet forces pushed the German army back from Moscow. German troops surrounded the city of Leningrad for ____________days, cutting off all _________________________ to the city. They bombed and shelled the city and then waited for the inhabitants to starve and freeze to death throughout the winter. During this unusually severe winter, people were forced to eat sawdust, tree bark, livestock feed, and leather. In some cases, _____________________________ was resorted to as a means for survival. Over _________________ Soviets would die in the city. Germany is never able to take control of Leningrad.
Battle of Stalingrad, July 1942 – February 1943:
Hitler wanted to focus his attention to the south western region of the USSR due to the _________________________ located there. The Battle of Stalingrad began with an intense bombing by the ___________________________ and then a land assault. In total, the battle lasted five months. The Battle of Stalingrad was the bloodiest battle in history, resulting in the deaths (on both sides) of over____________________ people. At one point, Germany held _________ of the city, but the Soviets never gave up and eventually encircled the Germans and forced them to surrender. It was the first major German defeat and a major __________________________ in WWII. Germany’s advance into the _____________________________ was halted. **___________________ will never forgive the U.S. and Britain for not coming to the Soviet Union’s aid during this battle**
Review: What’s Going On In The Pacific?
Dec. 1941: Japan invades the _________________________. Why? = OIL! The _______________________________________ is the final area of the Philippines not yet defeated and being held by U.S. troops led by Gen. ______________________. MacArthur is finally forced to surrender April 1941. He vows to return. Bataan ________________________________ o 75,000 U.S. and Filipino POWs are marched 80 miles to prison camps. o Only _________________________ reached the camps o Shootings, stabbings, beheadings, disease, dehydration, starvation = major causes of death By May/June 1942: The U.S. begins their _________________________________ campaign to push Japanese back
OPERATION TORCH – The U.S. Enters North Africa in Nov. 1942
1. The ______________________ are pressuring the U.S. and Britain to open up a second front to take the pressure off the Soviet Union 2. The U.S. was still not ready to land in occupied _______________, so decide to begin in Africa 3. British push Axis forces, led by Gen. _________________, west from Egypt, out of Libya, and into _________________ 4. Hitler had wanted Egypt in order to control the __________________________, push through Palestine (where he would subject Jews to Holocaust), and then meet up with German troops in Southern USSR 5. U.S. forces push east from Morocco and eventually into Tunisia 6. Allies encircle Axis forces in northern Tunisia and force their surrender 7. The Allies invaded __________________ and Southern Italy two weeks later
OPERATION OVERLORD: D-DAY Invasion June 6, 1944
Allied troops land on five beaches in the __________________ region of France: Omaha, Gold, Utah, Sword, and Juno. The U.S. is in charge of storming ______________ and _____________. After the initial D-Day landings, troops go on to liberate ________________ in August 1944. Belgium and Luxembourg are also liberated. The Allied forces prepare to invade Germany.
GERMANY’S FINAL EFFORTS
Battle of the __________________: Dec. 1944-Jan. 1945 Fought in the Ardennes Mountains region in Belgium Last _________________ offensive – Attempt to block road into Germany 76,000 Allied troops killed
FINAL DAYS OF THE WAR IN EUROPE
______________________ is executed on April 28, 1945 after being captured while trying to flee to Switzerland Soviets push in on _________________ from the East and U.S. pushing in from the North Decision is made to let the __________________ invade Berlin o Largely due to the extensive casualties the Soviets suffered at the hands of the Germans Gen. _________________ wants the U.S. to keep pushing east and fight the Soviets o Foresaw the enormous threat of communist aggression against the West and wanted to defeat them while America’s supremacy was unchallengeable ____________________ commits suicide in a bunker in Berlin on April 30, 1945 Berlin falls and Germany surrenders – May 8, 1945 = _____________________ (Victory Day in Europe) Berlin is _____________________: Eastern half is communist and controlled by USSR Western half is controlled by the ____________________