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Proton and neutron irradiation facilities
in the PS East Hall
- CERN EP common project -
Maurice Glaser and Michael Moll
CERN EP-TA1-SD
http://www.cern.ch/irradiation
Technical Student: Rawi Eggert (EP-TA1-SD, Software development)
Technical Assistance: Vincent Darras (Industrial labor; Mechanical works)
Contents: •History: 10 years of irradiation experiments
•PS EAST HALL - Radiation Facilities
•Shuttle Systems
•Radiation Characteristics
•Dosimetry
•Radiation Protection
•Radiation Services This presentation is available on
http://www.cern.ch/irradiation/pub/
•Summary
East Hall Irradiation Facilities M.Glaser / M.Moll -Sept.2002
10 years of irradiation experiments
in the East Hall
• 1992 First irradiation experiment with 24 GeV/c protons in the PS East Hall
Francois Lemeilleur and Maurice Glaser (ECP-MIC-SD)
• 1994 Set up of irradiation experiment with (high flux) pions at the PSI
• 1996/98 Strong increase of number of irradiation experiments
- Radiation tests of LHC components
- Participation in RD48 (ROSE) “Radiation hardening of silicon detectors”
• 08/98 Shuttle system for proton irradiations installed (M.Glaser)
• 03/99 Shuttle system for neutron irradiations installed (M.Glaser)
• 09/99 Retirement of Francois Lemeilleur / New group member: Michael Moll
• 05/00 Second counting room for proton irradiation facility (Main user: ATLAS SCT)
• 01/01 Shift of the section into the TA1 group: EP-TA1-SD (Christian Joram)
… Irradiation facilities become a “EP common project”
• In 2001:
- 430 samples irradiated
- 65 users from 30 institutes
- 55 material expeditions
• 2002: Ge-spectrometer / New EP storage rooms for radioactive material
East Hall Irradiation Facilities M.Glaser / M.Moll -Sept.2002
CERN PS East Hall
East Hall Irradiation Facilities M.Glaser / M.Moll -Sept.2002
Proton facility Inside T7 area (IRRAD3)
• Primary PS proton beam • Irradiation of big samples
• Beam line: PS-T7 (Max. volume 20 x 20 x 50 cm3)
• Beam energy: 24 GeV/c • Scanning over surface of 10 x 10 cm2
• Beam spot: 2 x 2 cm2 • Access only during PS machine development
• Proton flux • 8 hours every one or two weeks
• No beam for the East Hall during access
• 3 – 9 × 109 p cm-2 s-1
• Exposure of personal to radiation
• 1 - 3 × 1013 p cm-2 h-1
East Hall Irradiation Facilities M.Glaser / M.Moll -Sept.2002
Shuttle System for Proton Irradiations
Beam line T7
24 GeV/c protons Iron dump
Inside
Beam spot = 2x2 cm2
table
Concrete
Shuttle conduit
Operational since 1998
…. continuous improvement
East Hall Irradiation Facilities M.Glaser / M.Moll -Sept.2002
Proton irradiation facility - Shuttle
• Standard volume: 5 x 5 x 15 cm3 • Electrical connections
• Max. volume (on request) 10 x 10 x 20 cm3 • Cooling box (on request)
Load station Sample holder
East Hall Irradiation Facilities M.Glaser / M.Moll -Sept.2002
Irradiations with low flux of hadrons
• Low flux of high energetic particles (~ 4 x 10 9 cm-2 hadrons -1) in the T7
area outside the beam
• Test of SEU for electronic components
• Readout electronics can be installed on second platform
(in distance of 50 cm)
HADRON FLUX, E > 30 MeV
(Experiment 23/05/2000, without Atlas Box)
1.E+07
9.E+06
Flux (hadron/cm s)
8.E+06
2
7.E+06
6.E+06
5.E+06
4.E+06
3.E+06
2.E+06
1.E+06
0.E+00
0 20 40 60 80
Axial Distance (cm)
•flux simulations collaboration with Montreal University
•flux measurements collaboration with TIS/RP
East Hall Irradiation Facilities M.Glaser / M.Moll -Sept.2002
Neutron irradiation facility - Shuttle
T8 Beam Carbon block target
Proton 24 GeV/c 20 x 20 x 50 cm3
Spot(h,v) = 6 x 4 cm2 Iron dump
Lead block target 80 x 80 x 10 cm3
Concrete
Shuttle conduit
East Hall Irradiation Facilities M.Glaser / M.Moll -Sept.2002
Neutron irradiation facilitity
• Irradiation with secondary particles in the irradiation cavity
• Spectrum and flux of neutrons, protons, π+, π- and, gammas
• Simulation of particle spectra in collaboration with M.Huhtinen (EP,CMS)
• Experimental evaluation of the spectra in collaboration with TIS/RP group
Reports: NIMA 426(1999)72; CMS IN 2001/012; CERN-TIS-2002-007
• Neutron flux
• Shuttle position = 50 cm from beam axis
• 1 - 3 107 n cm-2 s-1 ( E > 1 MeV )
• 6 days for 1013 n cm-2 ( E > 1 MeV )
• Tabulated fluxes for different energy cuts for users
• Dimensions
• Standard volume for irradiation 20 x 20 x 20 cm3
• Max. volume on demand ~ 30 x 30 x 35 cm3
East Hall Irradiation Facilities M.Glaser / M.Moll -Sept.2002
Neutron facility – particle spectrum and flux
Particles flux Vs z[cm]
1.E-01 Neutron Neutron flux at +20 (cm) vs E(GeV) 1.E-01
Proton
Edφ /dE (cm2/proton)
Pion
Particle flux(cm-2/proton)
1.E-02
Gamma 1.E-02
1.E-03
1.E-03
1.E-04 Neutron
Gamma
Pion
1.E-04
1.E-05 Proton
1.E-10 1.E-09 1.E-08 1.E-07 1.E-06 1.E-05 1.E-04 1.E-03 1.E-02 1.E-01 1.E+00 1.E+01
1KeV 1MeV 1GeV
1.E-05
Neutron -200 -100 0 100 200
1.E-01 Neutron flux at +50 (cm) vs E(GeV)
Proton distance from beam axis (cm)
Pion
Ed φ/dE (cm2/proton)
1.E-02
Gamma
1.E-03
• Spectrum depending on
1.E-04
distance from beam axis
• Simulations: M.Huhtinen(CMS)
1.E-05
1.E-10 1.E-09 1.E-08 1.E-07 1.E-06 1.E-05 1.E-04 1.E-03 1.E-02 1.E-01 1.E+00 1.E+01
1KeV 1MeV 1GeV
East Hall Irradiation Facilities M.Glaser / M.Moll -Sept.2002
Pion irradiation facility at the PSI
300 MeV/c , ≈ 4×1012 pions/h/cm2 • complete setup installed (fix)
•Scanning table (x-y-z)
•Read out system
• transportable set up
•NaI spectrometer (500 Kg)
•CV/IV bench/test
•oven
East Hall Irradiation Facilities M.Glaser / M.Moll -Sept.2002
Dosimetry and Fluence measurements
• By activation of Al foil (27Al(p,3pn)24Na, 27Al(p,3p3n)22Na)
• Spectrometry with NaI spectrometer (+- 6%)
§ 24 Na, halflife 15h, Eγ = 1368.53 keV
• Spectrometry with Ge spectrometer (+- 2%)
§ 24 Na, halflife 15h, Eγ = 1368.53 keV
§ 22 Na, halflife 2.6y, Eγ = 1274.54 keV
• By activation of C, Co, Ni, In, Au foils
• By using: Si-pin/photo diodes, Radfets or Alanine
NaI
Ge
Second hand from TIS/RP
NaI crystal donated by Prague University
East Hall Irradiation Facilities M.Glaser / M.Moll -Sept.2002
Automation:
Web page connected to user/sample database
http://www.cern.ch/irradiation
•User and experiment registration
•Information about irradiation periods, irradiation status, etc..
East Hall Irradiation Facilities M.Glaser / M.Moll -Sept.2002
Automation: Irradiation control software
• Electronic logbook
(tracking of individual samples in/out beam)
• Radiation monitoring
(Readout of SEC counters, data-logging, on-line monitoring)
•Radiation protection (dose-rate monitoring system) Successful
Technical Student Project
Rawi Eggert
(leaving this month)
Improvements under way
(partly already running):
• Alarm systems
• Irradiation scheduling
• User protection:
Automatic blocking of shuttle
if material too active
East Hall Irradiation Facilities M.Glaser / M.Moll -Sept.2002
Radiation Protection
All critical work in close collaboration with TIS/RP group!
• Before irradiation:
- Planning of the experiment together with the user (fill the PRP-17)
- Training of users (Maurice: Certificat D’Expert en Radioprotection; EP-DRSO)
• Infrastructure to handle/transport/store/measure irradiated material
• Sample tracking after irradiation
2002: New shielded room in Bldg 13 Tools to handle active material
• approved for storage of radioactive material
• EP divisional project
East Hall Irradiation Facilities M.Glaser / M.Moll -Sept.2002
Schedule 2002
Proton facility Neutron facility
(IRRAD 1,3,4) (IRRAD 2)
P1A 6.5 – 15.5 : 9 days 6.5 – 28.10
P1B 29.5 – 12.6 : 14 days in parasitic mode to DIRAC
P1C 27.6 – 10.7 : 13 days
P2A 8.8 – 14.8 : 6 days PSI - 162 MeV pions
P2B 4.8 – 2.9 : 18 days 18.4 – 21.5 : 38 days
P3A 26.9 – 3.10 : 7 days 20.6 – 9.7 : 19 days
P3B 16.10 – 28.10 : 12 days
79 days beam-time (completely booked)
In 2002 so far users from the following experiments:
ATLAS (Pixel, SCT, TRT), CMS (Pixel, Tracker, ECAL, HCAL, Muon, Radfet),
LHC (COTS), LHCb (RICH, VELO), RD39, RD42, RD49, RD50
--- EP/DSF, EP/TA1, TIS/TE, TIS/RP …
… (so far about 120 sets of different materials)
East Hall Irradiation Facilities M.Glaser / M.Moll -Sept.2002
Irradiation service
• Registration / Discussion about the project / Advice
• Preparation of PRP 17 (project description for TIS/RP)
Box for cold transport
• Mechanical/Electrical works for sample mounting
• Preparation of beam, electrical connections, ..
• Sample mounting/packaging for irradiation
• Irradiation (Beam-monitoring, help during night/weekend)
• Dosimetry
• Sample storage
- storage rooms for radioactive materials with freezers
• Sample packaging for transport/organization of transport
-special packaging for cold transport with temperature monitoring
-checking formalities with TIS, user and RP officer on reception site
(UN2910-package)
Very frequently:
• Supervision of students (send to irradiate material)
Often users are not aware, that:
An irradiation is an experiment in itself!
East Hall Irradiation Facilities M.Glaser / M.Moll -Sept.2002
Summary
• Shuttles
§ Fast irradiation : sample exchange without beam stop
§ Improved radiation safety : no access to irradiation area needed
§ Options: electrical connections, cold irradiation -10oC
• Irradiation Characteristics
§ Proton: - 24 GeV/c protons, ≈ 2×1013p/h/cm2, spot (2x2cm2), SEU tests
§ Neutron: - spectrum dominated by neutrons (field characterized)
- radiation field similar to LHC tracker fields
- ≈ 7×1010 neutrons/h/cm2 (E >1MeV)
§ Pion: - facility at PSI, 300 MeV/c, ≈ 4×1012 pions/h/cm2
• Radiation Protection:
… important for users , very important for CERN!
• Irradiation Service:
…. from first planning to shipping of irradiated material
• Future:
…increasing demand for irradiations, limited amount of personnel
è further automation of administration and irradiation!
è more restrictive procedures to use facilities!
è stronger participation of users required
to guarantee present quality and safety status!
East Hall Irradiation Facilities M.Glaser / M.Moll -Sept.2002
Outlook – Futur options
Restructuring of irradiation facilities – “One beam-line for irradiations”
• Construct a beam line only for irradiations
• Could be possible in 2003 if DIRAC finishes its program
• Many advantages: less backscattering, proton/neutron irradiations in parallel,
more space, less exposure of personnel to radiation
In 2005 no beam à suggest (provide) alternative facilities to users
• DUBNA protons up to 6 GeV; 1×1013/h
• Ljubljana (TRIGA Reactor) reactor neutrons
• PSI – Villigen 300 MeV/c pions
East Hall Irradiation Facilities M.Glaser / M.Moll -Sept.2002
First irradiation run in 1992
How does it look like 10 years later ?
Come and visit us after this meeting,
or whenever convenient for you.
East Hall Irradiation Facilities M.Glaser / M.Moll -Sept.2002
