PATHOLOGY

1 PATHOLOGY Which of the following is the leading cause of death in the United States of America? Myocardial Infarction Which of the following is characterized by incomplete expansion of the lungs or collapse of previously inflated lungs? Atelectasis Which of the following involves separation of the diaphragmatic crura & widening of the space between the muscular crura & the esophageal wall? Hiatal Hernia Which of the following is an autosomal recessive disorder marked by accumulation of toxic levels of copper in many tissue & organs, mostly in the liver, brain, & the eye? Wilson’s Disease Which of the following is a cancer of the connective tissue that usually spreads via the blood stream? Sarcoma Which of the following is a cancer of the epithelial tissue that usually spreads via the lymphatic system? Carcinoma Which of the following cells is produced predominately by an inflammatory response to Salmonella? Neutrophil What organism is the most common opportunist to infect AIDS patients? Pneumocystis carni Which of the following presents with a positive HLA-B-27 & increased risk of deformity? Ankylosing Spondylitis Toxic Megacolon is a complication of which of the following? Ulcerative Colitis Skip lesions are a characteristic of which of the following? Krohn’s Disease Aschoff bodies are characteristic of which of the following? Rheumatic Fever Pseudohypertrophy is most common in which of the following muscle disorders? Duchanne’s Dystrophy The most threatening effect of Guillian Barre is on which of the following muscles? Respiratory Dry eyes & mouth are symptoms of which of the following autoimmune diseases? Sjogen’s Syndrome Vascular tumors originate in which cell type? Endothelial Sequestra frequently accompany which of the following? Pyogenic Osteomyelitis What is the primary mechanism of inflammatory edema? Increased Permeability of the Capillary Wall 2 The most common sites for cardiac valvular vegetations are which of the following valves? Aortic & Mitral Valves Coccidiomycosis most commonly affects which organ? Lung Who is considered the father of pathology? Pasteur What characteristic is least suggestive of malignancy in a growing tumor? Fibrous Capsule (usually benign) Which of the following secrete both heparin & histamine? Mast Cells Carcinoma is least likely to metastasize where? Skeletal Muscle Which of the following affects both salivary & lacrimal ducts? Sjogen’s Which of the following is a common site for cardiac valvular vegetations? Aortic Valve Which leukemia has the Philadelphia Chromosome? Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Which of the following leads to decreased bone density? Osteoporosis A female with gonorrhea may pass it via delivery by which of the following? Opthalmia Neonatorum Which of the following has the best prognosis? Astrocytoma Which of the following is the most common malignant tumor of the intestines? Adenosarcoma Which of the following is a common site for cardiac valvular vegetations? Mitral Valve Which of the following is characteristic of a neoplasm? It Cannot Return To Normal Where are neoplasms most commonly formed? Epithelium Multiple myofibromas & café au-lait spots are associated with which of the following? Von Recklinghausen’s Which part of the spinal cord is most affected by myotrophic lateral sclerosis? Anterior Horn Which of the following are findings in a patient with tetralogy of fallot? Pulmonary Stenosis & Right Ventricular Hypertrophy What describes thrombophlebitis? Venous Inflammation & Thrombus 3 What describes right side heart failure? Distention of Neck Veins, Dependant Edema, Liver Enlargement Systemic fibrosis is seen in which of the following? Scleroderma What organism is most responsible for pneumonia in AIDS patients? Pneumocystic Carni Which of the following immunoglobulins are associated with a Type II response? IgG & IgM Which of the following is a common cause of right side heart failure? Left Side Heart Failure Pernicious anemia is due to a lack of which of the following? Intrinsic Factor Which of the following disorders affects myoneural junction? Myasthenia Gravis Which arteries are involved in giant cell arteritis? Temporal T-helper cells are seen in which types of immunity? Type IV Presenile dementia is seen in which of the following? Alzheimer’s Disease A female with gonorrhea may pass it to the child when? During Delivery Which Leukemia is involved with the Philadelphia Chromosome? CML A person with Galactosemia should avoid which of the following? Lactose (milk) Pernicious anemia & lack of Vitamin B12 results in ______________. Spinal Cord Degeneration Which of the following causes pitting edema? Congestive Heart Failure What causes edema of flanks & fatty changes in the liver? Alcoholism Which of the following cause a cyanotic condition? Dextroposition of the Aorta The Philadelphia Chromosome is a risk factor for which Leukemia? Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia Which of the following is a periosteal encasement of necrotic tissue? Sequestrium What are patients with asbestosis predisposed to? Mesothelioma 4 A periosteal reaction described radiologically as a sunburst reaction is most common in which of the following? Osteosarcoma Which of the following is a degenerative disease that affects the cranial nerve nuclei? Progressive Bulbar Palsy Circulatory levels of which of the following increase during an acute inflammatory response? Neutrophil Which disease presents with chronic rheumatoid arthritis & splenomegally? Felty’s Syndrome What is an a.k.a. for Marie Strumpell’s Disease? Ankylosing Spondylitis Which of the following affects the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia & results in resting tremors? Parkinson’s Disease Megaloblastic anemia is caused by which vitamin deficiency? Vitamin B12 Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis for an infant who develops projectile vomiting in the 1 3 weeks of life? Pyloric Stenosis What is the most common benign tumor of the spine? Hemangioma What causes hoarseness associated with a carcinoma in the apex of the lung? Laryngeal Nerve Damage Which of the following substances is produced in the cells & increases inflammation due to tissue injury? Histamine What happens to a cell as a result of thyroid goiter? Hyperplasia Which of the following types of thyrotoxicosis is the most common in patients under 40? Graves Disease What are the 4 steps associated with thrombus? 1. Dissolving 2. Recanalization 3. Obstruction 4. Embolism Which of the following does a lesion that has casious necrosis in the center surrounded by endothelial macrophages characterize? TB The release of histamine into the skin following cutaneous trauma causes which of the following? Vasodialation of Arterioles (redness) Which of the following occurs in a Keloid? Hypertrophic Enlargement of Scar Tissue Which of the following is classified as a benign neoplasm? Lipoma Which of the following is a systemic immune complex reaction? st 5 Rheumatoid Arthritis What would a deficiency of Vitamin C most often affect? Connective Tissue Chronic alcoholism, which leads to Wernecke-Korsakoff Syndrome, causes what type of vitamin deficiency? B1 Which of the following is a characteristic of Lyme’s Disease? Bulls Eye Rash Which of the following is associated with Kleinfelter’s Syndrome? XXY Chromosome Abnormality Which of the following is the most common degenerative disease of the joints? Osteoarthritis (a.k.a. DJD) Which of the following is associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis? Pannus Formation Which of the following is responsible for post-infectious glomulonephritis? Beta-Hemolytic Strep Who is most likely to have entrapment neuropathy of the median nerve? Pregnant Females What is the definition of cardiac temponade? Fluid in the Pericardial Space Which of the following is a primary immunodeficiency disease? Bruton’s Which of the following results from hyperparthyroidism? Osteopenia What type of collagen can be found @ the end of wound healing? Type I What type of collagen is found 1 (earliest) in a wound? Type III What type of collagen is located in the basement membrane? Type IV A deficiency, in which of the following trace elements results in tetani similar to that, which accompanies hypocalcemia? Magnesium A patient with a yolk cell tumor of the testes likely has an elevation in which of the following blood serum levels? Alpha-fetoprotein Tensile strength is the proteinaceous deposition of __________ in a healing wound. Collagen A cancer that has not invaded the basement membrane or the tissue of origin is called _________________. Carcinoma In Situ st 6 Thrombosis & embolism of which of the following vessels can cause a transmural infarction of the small intestine? Superior Mesenteric Artery Which of the following diseases produces symptoms due primarily to demyelinization of peripheral motor nerve axons? Post-Infectious Polyradiculitis Generalized muscle weakness, poor intestinal tone & resultant bloating, heart abnormalities, weakening of respiratory muscles are characteristic of which of the following deficiencies? Calcium Coccidiomycosis most commonly affects which of the following organs? Lung Epidural hemorrhage most likely results from laceration to which of the following arteries? Middle Meningeal Synovial thickening & secondary inflammation with edema but no pannus formation is seen in which of the following conditions? Gouty Arthritis Ischemic necrosis as a consequence of cardiac muscle damage is which type of necrosis? Coagulative Which of the following causes localized edema, which accompanies filariasis? Lymphatic Obstruction Which joints do Heberden’s Nodes affect? Distal Interphalangeal What is the most common cause of Cirrhosis of the Liver? Chronic Alcoholism What is the most common cause of abdominal aortic aneurisms in the elderly? Atherosclerosis What is the 1 sign of artherosclerosis? Fatty Streaks Which of the following causes lobar pneumonia? Streptococcus What is the mechanism that allows the Herpes Virus to stay in the body after the original infection? Sequestering of the Virus Genome in the Sensory Neuron Where does a pulmonary embolus most commonly originate? The Lower Extremities st Where can the initial symptoms of Myasthenia Gravis be observed? Ocular Muscles Pitting edema is typically cause by what? Congestive Heart Failure What condition is probably present when the median groove of the prostate cannot be palpated? Prostatic Carcinoma Which of the following would cause the prostate to feel boggy upon palpation? Prostatitis 7 What exudative lesion is caused by mycobacterial tuberculosis & contains casious necrosis? Ghon Lesions Which disease is Brodie’s Abscess associated with? Osteomyelitis Which disease is associated with TB of the spine? Pott’s Disease What is another name for Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis? Still’s Disease Pyknosis is characterized by nuclear _________. Condensation Which of the following is a vasospastic disorder, which affects small arteries & arterioles of the extremities? Raynaud’s Disease Which of the following is not a characteristic of Horner’s Syndrome? Dyspnea What would a hemorrhage in the reticular formation of the brain likely result in? Coma What is a localized area of tissue necrosis resulting from immunologically induced necrotizing vasculitus? Arthus Phenomenon Which of the following is associated with subluxation of the lens, laxity of ligaments & cystic medial necrosis of the aorta? Marfan’s Syndrome In most types of allergic reactions which of the following mediates the immediate transient phase of vascular permeability? Histamine Ischemic necrosis as a consequence of cardiac muscle damage is which type of necrosis? Coagulative What causes localized edema, which accompanies filariasis? Lymphatic Obstruction Which joints do Heberden’s Nodes affect? Interphalangeal Joints Which of the following may lead to Megaloblastic Anemia? Atrophic Gastric Mucosa Antibodies against double stranded DNA are most characteristic of which of the following? Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Which of the following classes of immunoglobulins most commonly cause autoimmune disease? IgG & IgM What will a protein deficient diet produce? Kwashiorkor Dermatitis, dementia & diarrhea are characteristic of which of the following? Niacin (B3) Deficiency Which of the following causes beri beri? 8 Thiamine (B1) Deficiency Delayed healing of wounds & rapid mobilization of Vitamin A in the liver may be due to what type of deficiency? Zinc Avascular necrosis of the capital femoral epiphysis is called __________________. Legg Calve Perthe's Which of the following is most likely to accompany Otto’s Pelvis? Osteomalacia Which of the following symptoms is characteristic of Osteoid Osteoma? Pain that is most severe at night & is relieved by aspirin What are bone spurs & lipping of vertebral bodies characteristic of? DJD What is the most common fracture of the wrist? Collie’s Fracture A common source of lytic metastasis to bone in females is the ________________________. Lungs (lungs are always lytic) Which of the following is most likely to develop into ankylosis? Rheumatoid Arthritis Which of the following is the primary site of pathology in Osteoarthritis? Articular Cartilage Which of the following causes excessive release of Ach? Tetanus Which of the following is the most common benign tumor in the adult? Astrocytoma Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord is due to which of the following? B12 Deficiency Which of the following syndromes is a form of polyposis characterized by polyps in the entire gastrointestinal tract? Peutz Jegher’s Disease Kaposi’s sarcoma occurs in approximately 1/3 of the patients with which of the following conditions? AIDS Which of the following represents Type II hypersensitivity? Erythroblastosis? Good Pasture Syndrome X linked gammaglobulinemia of Bruton is characterized by which of the following? B-cell deficiency Which of the following develops from an IgE mediated immune reaction? Panacinar Emphysema Neonatal hyaline membrane disease is due to which of the following? Absence of Surfactant Which of the following is a genetic defect that causes multiple neuromas? 9 Von Recklinhausen’s Disease The primary biochemical requirement for the diagnosis of Gout is which of the following? Uric Acid Levels In The Blood What is Podagra? Gout of the big toe A fine lateral webbing of the neck would indicate which of the following? Turner’s Syndrome Which of the following reactions is an example of Type III hypersensitivity? Arthus Episodes of temporary blindness & weakness of the dorsiflexors is a characteristic of which of the following? Multiple Sclerosis Which of the following has the greatest potential of degenerating the dorsal columns of the spinal cord? Tertiary Syphilis Which is a poly neuropathy that follows a viral infection? Giullian Barre Coagulation necrosis results from which of the following? Ischemia Which of the following characterizes Amylordosis? Interstitial Glycogen Deposits Which of the following is a reversible cell change? Metaplasia The absence of ganglion cells of the myenteric plexus is characteristic of which of the following? Hirshprung’s Disease (congenital megacolon) Which of the following occurs when histamine is released in the skin as a result of cutaneous trauma? Vasodialation of the affected area New capillaries infiltrate the periphery of a hematoma by producing collagen during a process known as ___________. Organization The circulating level of which blood cell is increased during the body’s response to bacterial infection? Neutrophils Eosinophils are increased by the presence of which of the following? Virus Which cell is present in an area of chronic inflammation & has many nuclei scattered in its cytoplasm? Foreign Body Giant Cell A patient who presents with a severe headache & a hard painful superficial temporal artery probably has which of the following? Temporal Arteritis Which tumor is characterized by excessive production of Catacholemine? Neuroblastoma of the Adrenal Medulla Which condition features dilated, elongated, torturous alteration of the superficial veins? 10 Varicosity Which is the most common area of the brain to find an aneurysm? Subarachnoid Which of the following does not accompany acute inflammation? Formation of Granulation Tissue An abscess of an appendicular head generally contains which type of exudate? Pyogenic SI Joints are usually affected in what condition? Ankylosing Spondylitis Which is the most common hepatic malignancy? Metastasis from the Breast or Lung Which is the most common histological pattern in Bronchiogenic Carcinoma? Squamous Cell Which of the following are Parkinson’s inclusion bodies? Lewy Bodies What area of the body does Mallory Weiss Syndrome affect? Esophagus Which of the following causes demyelination of the peripheral nerves? Guillian Barre Syndrome Which of the following causes demyelination of the nerves in the CNS? Multiple Sclerosis What is the most common nephrotic tumor in children? Wilm’s Tumor What is the most common leukemia in children? Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) What is the most common muscular dystrophy? Duchenne’s Black tarry stools are seen in which of the following? Peptic Ulcer What is the most common neoplasm of the heart? Myxoma What is the most common cancer of the testes? Seminoma Over 2/3 of the cases are idiopathic in which of the following? Aplastic Anemia Which of the following organisms is most commonly found in adult cases of meningitis? Strep pneumoniae Which of the following can cause asthma in kids? nd 2 Hand Smoke A true hermaphrodite has which of the following? 11 Both Male & Female Tissue Which of the following can cause a fat embolism? Fracture of the Shaft of a Long Bone Which of the following is the atheromatous calcification of the aorta that occurs with normal serum calcium levels? Dystrophic Calcification Increased secretion from the anterior pituitary gland following closure of the epiphyseal plates could produce which of the following? Acromegaly A deficiency, in which of the following trace elements results in tetani similar to that, which accompanies hypocalcemia? Magnesium Who is the most infectious member of the family? School Age Children Which of the following conditions is characterized by T-cell deficiency due to lack of development of the 3 & th 4 pharyngeal pouches, deficiency of the hearts great vessels, mouth, ears, & fauces? di Georges Intercranial calcification occurs most commonly in which of the following? Oligiodendroglioma Which of the following is a primary immunodeficiency? Burton’s Agammaglobulimia Almost all pathological changes of SLE involve which of the following? Increased Immune Cells Which of the following is an autosomal glucocerebral disease with Hepato-Splenomegaly? Gaucher’s Which of the following is a pigment found in regressive cells such as old age pigment? Lipofusion Metastatic osteoblastic tumor in a malignancy most likely originates from which of the following? A. Breast  80% osteolytic, 20% osteoblastic B. Lung  always lytic C. Prostate  80% osteoblastic, 20% osteolytic Which of the following is classified as a benign neoplasm? Lipoma Which of the following is a systemic immune complex reaction? Rheumatoid Arthritis Which of the following substances is produced in the cells & increases inflammation due to tissue damage? Histamine What is the result in the cell as a consequence of thyroid goiter? Hyperplasia (increased # of cells) Which of the following types of thyrotoxicosis is most common in patients under 40? Graves Disease Which of the following is characterized by Recanalization? rd 12 Thrombus (restores flow) Which of the following Vitamin deficiencies causes megaloblastic anemia? Vitamin B12 The most common neoplasm in AIDS patients is which of the following? Kaposi’s Sarcoma (best answer) nd Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (2 best answer) Which of the following is a periosteal encasement of necrotic tissue? Sequestrium Which of the following is a degenerative disease that affects the cranial nerve nuclei? Progressive Bulbar Palsy Dilation of the inner mammary & subscapular arteries, hypertension & weakness of the upper limbs with decreased lower limb pulse occurs in which of the following? Coarctation of the Aorta (stricture) Which cells are increased during viral infections? Lymphocytes Which of the following conditions is characterized by a congenital absence of parasympathetic ganglia in the colon subsequent constipation & dilation of the colon? Hirshprung’s Disease Which of the following conditions is characterized by the presence of a 45X Karyotype? Turner’s Syndrome Which of the following causes cretinism? Hypothyroidism Which of the following involves malformation of the anterior end of the neural tube? Anacephaly Which of the following involves failure of the caudal portion of the neural tube to close? Spina Bifida Which of the following is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly? Alzheimer’s Disease Which of the following is an inherited autosomal dominant disease characterized by progressive movement disorder & dementia? Huntington Disease Which of the following causes the tunica media of medium sized arteries to calcify? Monkeberg’s Sclerosis Which of the following affects the temporal arteries & is associated with long standing hypertension? Temporal Arteritis Which of the following is also known as the “pulse less disease”? Takayasu Arteritis Which of the following is associated with granulomatous inflammation of the aortic arch? Takayasu Arteritis When there is a degeneration of the lateral cells, which of the following is affected? Autonomic Function A starry sky appearance of lymphoid tissue is characteristic of which of the following? 13 Burkett’s Lymphoma Which of the following causes hypoxia without ischemia? Anemia Patch consolidation of the lung is characteristic of which of the following? Bronchopneumonia Giant cell arthritis primarily affects the __________ artery. Temporal A genetic defect in the conversion of Phenylalanine to Tyrosine in the liver would result in which of the following? Mental Retardation A young male from Central Africa has a rapidly expanding mass in the jaw area. What is the diagnosis? Burkett’s Lymphoma A pulmonary embolus most commonly originates where? The Lower Extremity Where would the initial symptoms of Myasthenia Gravis be observed? Extraocular Muscles What type of disease is Ankylosing Spondylitis? Autoimmune Which of the following characterizes Pyknosis? Nuclear Condensation Mask-Like face, claw-like fingers, hypertension & fibrosis of the esophagus are characteristics of which of the following diseases? Scleroderma What is a functional vasospastic disorder, which affects small arteries & arterioles of the extremities? Dyspnea Mature cells of atypical size, shape & organization are characteristic of which of the following ? Dysplasia Antibody synthesis is a primary function of which of the following? Plasma Cells Ischemic necrosis as a consequence of cardiac muscle damage is which type of necrosis? Coagulation What is the most common location for Chondroma? Sacrum Reed Sternberg Cells are associated with which of the following? Hodgkin’s Disease Which heart valve does Rheumatic Fever affect? Mitral Which heart valve does Syphilis affect? Tricuspid Which of the following is not a characteristic of Osteoarthritis (DJD)? Joint Swelling Which of the following describes smoker’s cell transformation? 14 Columnar Metaplasia Which vitamin deficiency causes diarrhea, dementia & dermatitis? Niacin (Vitamin B3) Osteomalacia is due to which of the following? Calciferol (Vitamin D) Deficiency Granulation is associated with which of the following? Chronic Inflammation Which of the following is also known as “joint mice disease”? Osteoarthritis Which of the following is most important in wound healing? Vitamin C What is the most common primary malignancy of bone? Multiple Myeloma Which of the following causes atrophy of the villi? Celiac Sprue Which of the following causes destruction of the synovial capsule? Rheumatoid Arthritis Liquafactive Necrosis is associated with which of the following? CNS Which of the following is a tumor of the skeletal muscle? Rhabdomyoma Which of the following would cause loss of motor control & trouble walking? Cerebellar Lesion Which of the following causes Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia? Chronic Iron Deficiency Which of the following causes Lymphocytosis? Viral Infection Which of the following would result in sensitivity to gluten? Celiac Disease Which of the following causes total bone marrow destruction? Aplastic Anemia Which of the following can be classified as systemic fibrosis? Scleroderma A teratoma involves which of the following? All 3 Germ Layers Right heart failure would cause which the following? Liver & Spleen Dysfunction Which of the following is the most common myocardial infarct? Descending Branch of the Left Coronary Artery Which of the following is a sign of Cystic Fibrosis? Increased NACL in Sweat 15 Increased clastic & blastic activity is associated with _________. Paget’s Disease Which of the following describes Intusseption? Telescoping of the Intestines Which of the following would be suspected in a 25-year-old female with post-coital bleeding? Endometriosis Hypogonadism is a common finding in which of the following? Kleinfelter’s Syndrome Normal lower GI tract mucosa separated by severely inflamed segments would indicate which of the following? Krohn’s Disease Which of the following has the least favorable prognosis? Carcinoma of the Pancreas Which of the following initiates an enzyme cascade that produces bradykinin? Hagman Factor Which of the following is a benign tumor of the Uterus? Leiomyoma Dermal sclerosis, thermal dysfunction of the distal extremities & elongation of the distal hand bones would indicate which of the following? Marfan’s Syndrome What is the most common malignant tumor in adolescents? Osteosarcoma If lateral palating processes fail to join @ the midline it results in which of the following? Cleft Palate Death due to acute poliomyelitis is from which of the following? Respiratory paralysis A 30 year old with coughing, fever & night sweats has which of the following? TB What is the most common site for a fungal infection? Skin Hagarth’s Nodes & Bouchard’s Nodes are associated with which of the following? Rheumatoid Arthritis Which of the following affects the Diaphysis? Ewing’s Sarcoma Which of the following is the most common benign tumor of the hands & feet? Enchondroma A cerebral infarct causes which type of necrosis? Liquifactive Tabes dorsalis is associated with which of the following? Syphilis Which of the following causes cavitation in the spinal cord? 16 Syringomyelia Which of the following causes adult Acromegaly? Hyperpituitaryism Atherosclerosis affects which blood vessel layer? Tunica Intima Which condition is characterized by an imbalance of osteoclastic & osteoblastic activity? Osteoporosis Which of the following is associated with transplant rejection? Type IV Hypersensitivity Which of the following is characteristic of a malignant neoplasm? Infiltration What is granulomatis tissue made up of? Capillaries & Fibroblasts Hansen’s disease is known as ____________. Leprosy Which of the following is a characteristic of Celiac Disease? Atrophy of Intestinal Villi Which of the following is a genetic disorder that is sex-linked? Duchanne’s Muscular Dystrophy Myxedema is also called ______________. Hypothyroidism Which of the following is associated with burn victims? Hypovolemic Shock Which type of necrosis is most common in the pancreas? Enzymatic Systemic Thrombosis is most apt to lodge where? Periphery of the Lungs Which of the following is the 1 to be involved in Duchanne’s Muscular Dystrophy? Pelvic Girdle A decrease in Vitamin K is most apt to cause which of the following? Bleeding & Bruising Fissures in the articular cartilage & a loss of proteoglycans are associated with which of the following conditions? Osteoarthritis Which of the following are associated with Reiter’s Syndrome? Arthritis Conjunctivitis Urethritis Elephantitis is a result of which of the following? Lymphatic Obstruction Multiple Myeloma is a neoplasm of the _______________. Plasma Cells st 17 AIDS has an affinity for ______ cells. CD4 Pyogenic Osteomyelitis most commonly affects which of the following? Metaphysis of Long Bones What is the most common malignancy in men between 40 & 60 years of age? Lung Cancer What pathology affects the Basal Ganglia? Parkinson’s Disease An excess of uric acid in the blood stream is associated with which of the following? Gouty Arthritis Monosodium Urate Crystals in a joint result in ________. Tophi Which of the following is a neoplasm derived from multiple tissue? Teratoma Raynaud’s Disease is characterized by _____________. Digital Vasospasm What is the most common location for Osteosarcoma? Metaphysis What is clubbing of the fingers most commonly associated with? Bronchiogenic Carcinoma An upper & lower motor neuron lesion is a significant finding in which of the following? Lou Gehrig’s Disease Which type of Hemophilia is associated with factor 8 deficiency? Hemophilia A What does the migration of Leukocytes toward an injury describe? Chemotaxis Smoking is a major causative factor in which of the following? Thromboangitis Obliterans Which of the following has been implicated as a causative agent in cervical cancer? Herpes Papilioma Virus (HPV) What sign is most common in Kwashiorkor? Edema The presence of Eosinophils indicates what type of infection? Fungal The presence of Lymphocytes indicates what type of infection? Viral The presence of Neutrophils indicates what type of infection? Bacterial Wool Sorter’s Disease is an infection of the ________________. Respiratory System 18 Which of the following is directly linked to a decline in cancer of the cervix? Condom Use Which of the following causes edema? Protein Deficiency What is the most common symptom of Esophageal Cancer? Dysphagia Which of the following can be detected on the x-ray of a healing fracture? Callous Formation Lewy Bodies are inclusion bodies that accompany which of the following? Parkinson’s Disease What is the most common location for Osteochondroma? Knee What is the most common benign tumor of the axial skeleton? Hemangioma What are Gall Stones primarily made of? Cholesterol What are Kidney Stones primarily made of? Calcium What is the most common malignant tumor of bone in children? Osteogenic Sarcoma What type of bone marrow is found in cancellous bone? Yellow Pulmonary hypertension causes which of the following? Right Ventricular Hypertrophy What is the most common area of the heart damaged by myocardial infarction? Left Ventricle Which of the following constitutes the greatest threat to a person with thrombophlebitis? Embolism in the Lungs Which of the following is a malignant tumor that rarely metastasizes? Squamous Cell Carcinoma Which of the following is a congenital malformation with incomplete fusion? Spina Bifida Keloids are most common among which of the following? African Americans Which joint is most commonly affected by Osteoarthritis? Knee Dysplasia in a PAP smear is characteristic of which of the following? Carcinoma In Situ Local deposition of calcium in necrotic tissue is termed ____________. Dystrophic Calcification Which of the following is associated with Brown Atrophy? 19 Lipofuscion A 25 year old presents with soft tender red spots on the vulva & a frothy foul smelling discharge. What organism is to blame? Trichimonis What causes a Bulls Eye Rash? Lyme’s Disease Which of the following is the most common location for an aneurysm? Abdominal Aorta Which of the following is a non-progressive muscular dysfunction due to a defect or injury to the brain or brainstem? Cerebral Palsy Which of the following cells is least likely to regenerate? Neuron Which of the following is characterized by proteinuria & hypoalbuminemia? Nephrotic Syndrome High levels of urinary hydroxyproline are associated with which of the following? Paget’s Disease Which lobe of the prostate is most commonly affected by cancer? Posterior st The 1 process observed following fracture is the generation of a __________. Hematoma Gumma is associated with which of the following? Syphilis Which of the following organisms is associated with Toxic Shock Syndrome? Staph aureus Which of the following is associated with infectious mono? Epstein Barr A 40-year-old male presents with weight loss, increased appetite & tremors. What is the diagnosis? Reiter’s Syndrome Osgood Schlatter’s is associated with which of the following? Avulsion of the Tibial Tuberosity Proliferative cells forming new cells from original cells are called ___________. Hyperplasia Which of the following forms a chocolate like cyst on an Ovary? Endometrioma What are Tophi composed of? Urate Crystals Which disease most common in kids is characterized by excess glycogen stored in the liver & kidneys? Von Gierke’s Osgood Schlatter’s Disease principally affects which of the following? Tibial Tuberosity 20 Which of the following is also known as Buerger’s Disease? Thromboangitis Obliterans Intusseption is seen in which of the following diseases? Hirshprung’s Disease What are common sources of Gluten? Barley, Oats & Wheat The passage of blood cells through an intact capillary wall into the tissue is known as ____________. Diapedesis Which of the following presents with multiple neurofibromas & café au lait spots? Von Recklinhausen’s Which of the following is a form of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis? Still’s Which of the following causes progressive severe atrophy of the cerebral cortex? Alzheimer’s Which of the following causes thickening & deformity of bone? Paget’s Which of the following is associated with protein malnutrition? Kwashiorkor Which of the following is associated with Osteitis Deformans? Paget’s Which of the following is associated with aluminum deposits in the brain? Alzheimer’s Which of the following is associated with calorie malnutrition? Marasmus Which of the following is associated with paralysis agitans? Parkinson’s Which of the following is caused by a Vitamin D deficiency? Osteomalacia Which of the following causes demyelinization of the spinal cord? Multiple Sclerosis Which of the following is associated with passage of blood cells through an intact capillary wall into the tissue? Diapedesis Which of the following is the most common location of carcinoma in the stomach? Pylorus Which of the following is characterized by increased clastic & blastic activity? Paget’s Which of the following is associated with improper copper metabolism? Wilson’s Disease Which of the following is associated with lesions of sclerosis of the spinocerebellar tract? 21 Friedreich’s ataxia Which of the following is the most common malignant tumor of the intestine? Adenocarcinoma Which of the following is associated with the absence of an organ? Agenesis Which of the following is associated with 45X Karyotype? Turner’s Syndrome Which of the following is the most common location of carcinoma in the pancreas? Head Which of the following is characterized by a “broom stick” appearance on plain film x-ray? Rickets Which of the following is associated with TB of the spine? Pott’s Disease Which of the following is associated with increase NaCl in sweat? Cystic Fibrosis Which of the following is associated with sensitivity to gluten? Celiac Disease Which of the following is associated with a decrease in size? Atrophy Which of the following is a degenerative change that occurs in everyone? Osteoarthritis Which of the following results from an inability to digest purines? Gouty Arthritis Which of the following is associated with bacteria in the blood? Bacteremia Which of the following is caused by exposure to iron dust? Siderosis Which of the following is associated with difficulty swallowing? Dysphagia Which of the following passes through the placenta & is a major antibody against viruses, bacteria, & toxins? IgG Which of the following it associated with Mesothelioma? Asbestos Exposure Which of the following has an unknown function? IgD Which of the following is associated with twisting of an organ? Volvulus Which of the following is associated with an increase in size? Hypertrophy Which of the following is related to a deficiency of oxygen? Hypoxia 22 Which of the following is the most common bone cancer in children? Osteosarcoma Which of the following is a tumor of all three germinal layers? Teratoma Which of the following describes an increase in the number of cells? Hyperplasia Which of the following is associated with a lack or loss of RBC’s? Anemia Which of the following describes a cell changing from one cell type to another? Metaplasia Which of the following is associated with “Black Lung Disease”? Anthracosis Which of the following describes the intestine telescoping onto itself? Intussusceptions Which lung disease is associated with aircraft manufacturing? Berylliosis Which of the following is associated with a congenital megacolon? Hirshprung’s Disease Which of the following is associated with an increase in RBC’s? Polycythemia Which of the following causes thickening, calcification & loss of elasticity of the arterial walls? Arteriosclerosis Which of the following causes a foul smelling vaginal discharge? Gardenella Vaginalis Which of the following is an out pouching in the intestine? Diverticula Which of the following produces “skip lesions”? Crohn’s Which of the following is a localized dilation of an artery? Aneurysm Which of the following is associated with deposition of fatty plaques within the arteries? Atherosclerosis Which of the following is the most common Pelvic Inflammatory disease? Chlamydia trachomatis Which type of leukemia is most commonly seen in children? Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) Which type of leukemia is associated with the “Philadelphia Chromosome”? Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia (CML) Which of the following types of leukemia is seen mostly in people over the age of 60? Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) Which of the following is associated with Reed Sternberg cells? Hodgkin’s Lymphoma 23 Which of the following is considered a Type I hypersensitivity reaction? Anaphylactic Which of the following is considered a Type II hypersensitivity reaction? Cytotoxic Which of the following is considered a Type III hypersensitivity reaction? Immune Complex Which of the following is considered a Type IV hypersensitivity reaction? Delayed Which of the following is involved in the early part of every immune response? IgM Which of the following produces decreased joint space, Subchondral sclerosis & osteophytes? Osteoarthritis Which of the following produces excess uric acid in the blood L& leads to tophi formation? Gouty Arthritis Which of the following is associated with Hagarth’s Nodes & Bouchard’s Nodes? Rheumatoid Arthritis Which of the following benign tumors usually affects the epiphysis of a bone? Chonroblasoma Giant Cell Tumor Which of the following benign tumors usually affects the metaphysis of a bone? Chondromyxoid Fibroma Non-ossifying Fibroma Osteoid Osteoma Osteoblastoma Osteochondroma Which of the following malignant tumors usually affects the metaphysis of a bone? Osteosarcoma Which of the following benign tumors usually affects the diaphysis of a bone? Enchondroma Fibrous Dysplasia Which of the following malignant tumors usually affects the diaphysis of a bone? Chondrosarcoma Ewing’s Sarcoma Which of the following results in alcoholic psychosis due to a depletion of thiamine as a result of severe alcoholism? Korsakoff Which of the following is a fatty tumor? Lipoma Which of the following is a yellow tumor of connective tissue? Xanthoma Which of the following is a tumor of the cartilage? Chondroma Which of the following is the most common cancer of the testes? Seminoma 24 Which of the following is the most common cancer of the spine? Metastasis Which of the following is an acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy? Guillian-Barre’ Syndrome Which of the following is the most common life-threatening disease of the PNS? Barre-Barre’ Syndrome Which of the following is a muscular disease caused by an autoimmune mediated loss of ACH receptors & characterized by weakness & fatigue of skeletal muscles? Myasthenia Gravis Which of the following bone fractures is caused by repetitive physical activity? Stress Fracture Which of the following is a benign bone tumor? Osteoid Osteoma Which of the following is the most common malignant primary tumor of bone? Osteosarcoma Which of the following tumors is characterized by production of neoplastic cartilage? Chondrosarcoma