Introduction to Content Delivery Networks

NCM-110 3045_05_2001 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 Introduction to Content Delivery Networks Session NCM-110 NCM-110 3045_05_2001 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 3 Traditional Web Growth UNIVERSITY Web Sites Are Centralised Web Grows: More Users Richer Content To Manage Growth, Server and Bandwidth Are Added UNIVERSITY NCM-110 3045_05_2001 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 4 Anatomy of a Network Origin Server Scalability, Speed of Light Peering Point Congestion Available Bandwidth “Middle Mile” “Last Mile” Last Mile Gigabit Optical Network Peering Capacity, ISP Network Capacity T1, DSL, Cable Modem Dial-up 10 Mb to 1 Gb Ethernet Internet Backbone NCM-110 3045_05_2001 Cross-Internet connections Local Loop Premises Network 5 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. The #1 Barrier for e-Business Applications: Bandwidth Bottlenecks Origin Server Scalability, Speed of Light Peering Point Congestion Available Bandwidth “Middle Mile” “Last Mile” Gigabit Optical Network Peering Capacity, ISP Network Capacity T1, DSL, Cable Modem Dial-up 10 Mb to 1 Gb Ethernet Datacenter NCM-110 3045_05_2001 Internet Peering Connections Local Loop Edge Network 6 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Applications for Content Networking Enterprise Edge Content Switch Extranet RPC Internet DMZ WAN Internet SP Edge Intranet RPC Shared RPC Enterprise NCM-110 3045_05_2001 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Service Provider 7 Internet CDN WAN Internet Enterprise NCM-110 3045_05_2001 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Service Provider 8 Enterprise CDN WAN Internet Enterprise NCM-110 3045_05_2001 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Service Provider 9 Managed Enterprise CDN WAN Internet Enterprise NCM-110 3045_05_2001 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Service Provider 10 E-Learning •E-Learning provides a tremendous corporate cost avoidance. •Average Week of training is over $2,500.00 •Current ‘Thumbnail’ window training programs are not as engaging as full-screen TV quality video. •Integration with Training Content Providers •Integration with Learning Management Systems •Live Streaming and Live to VOD immediate authoring and distribution Enterprise Content Delivery Network NCM-110 3045_05_2001 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. E-Learning 11 Corporate Communications •Sometimes referred to as ‘Ego-Casting’ •Allows central management and distributed implementation and delivery of corporate communications •Perfect for: Corporate Communications •Quarterly Reports •Sales Launches •Technical Updates •State of the Business Messaging •Allows time-delayed global corporate employees to feel part of corporate culture… Enterprise Content Delivery Network NCM-110 3045_05_2001 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 12 Corporate Communications •Centralised control of video distribution •No tape rotation •Granular ad-insertion and playlist controls •Analog Video Output port enables ‘Wall of Eyes’ in retail stores. Retail Video Distribution •Can store over 100 hours of 500kbps WMT Video •While delivering employee training videos •While delivering product updates •While delivering corporate messaging Enterprise Content Delivery Network NCM-110 3045_05_2001 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 13 Content Acceleration WAN Internet Enterprise NCM-110 3045_05_2001 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Service Provider 14 Content Acceleration Overflow Enterprise NCM-110 3045_05_2001 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Service Provider 15 Content Acceleration Cheap WAN Set DSCP-5 = 10Mbps Set DSCP-6 = 25Mbps Set DSCP-7 = 05Mbps NH-PBR DSCP-7 = CheapWan Set DSCP = 5 Set DSCP = 6 Set DSCP = 7 Service Provider NCM-110 3045_05_2001 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 16 Components of Content Networks • Scalable E-Commerce • Managed Internet Access • Distributed Content Content Distribution & Management CDN Network Integration Content Routing Scalability Content Edge-delivery Origin Web Servers Availability Content Switching Intelligent Network Services Internet Security Core Networking NCM-110 3045_05_2001 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 Components of Content Delivery Networks Core Networking Content Routing Content Switching Content Edge-delivery Intelligent Network Services Content Distribution & Management Origin Web Servers Origin Data Stores Core networking technologies enable the network to be reliable, scalable, and highly available. These technologies include: Scalable routing protocols High Density Feature Rich L2/3 Switching Fast L3 Failover technologies Spanning Tree enhancements Multi-protocol WAN support NCM-110 3045_05_2001 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 18 Components of Content Delivery Networks Core Networking Content Routing Content Switching Content Edge-delivery Intelligent Network Services Content Distribution & Management Origin Web Servers Origin Data Stores Reliably Route User Requests to the Best Site Across CDN Metrics Include: Presence of Content, Geographic Proximity, Network Conditions, POP Load, Content Engine Load, Latency Products: CR4400, CR4450, Distributed Director, CSS11xx NCM-110 3045_05_2001 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 19 Components of Content Delivery Networks Core Networking Content Routing Content Switching Content Edge-delivery Intelligent Network Services Content Distribution & Management Origin Web Servers Origin Data Stores Intelligently Switch Traffic Across Origin Servers for Load Balancing Determines Availability of Content and Load on Server Products: Local Director 417, 430, 450 Catalyst 4840, CSS11xxx NCM-110 3045_05_2001 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 20 Components of Content Delivery Networks Core Networking Content Routing Content Switching Content Edge-delivery Intelligent Network Services Content Distribution & Management Origin Web Servers Origin Data Stores Configure Delivery Nodes on Edge of Network Import Content and Maintain Copies at Edges Manage Bandwidth Measure Performance, Usage Encode Media Products: CE507, CE560, CE590, CE7320 NCM-110 3045_05_2001 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 21 Components of Content Delivery Networks Core Networking Content Routing Content Switching Content Edge-delivery Intelligent Network Services Content Distribution & Management Origin Web Servers Origin Data Stores Intelligent Network Services in the IP Infrastructure Required to Build Reliable, Scalable CDNs Examples: Security, QoS, VPNs, IOS, Multicast NCM-110 3045_05_2001 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 22 Components of Content Delivery Networks Core Networking Content Routing Content Switching Content Edge-delivery Intelligent Network Services Content Distribution & Management Origin Web Servers Origin Data Stores Automatically Distribute Content Seamlessly Deliver Content of Any Type from Network Edge to Desktops or Kiosks Provide Content Delivery, Streaming and Transparent Caching All-in-one Based on CDM 4630, CDM 4650, CDM 4670 NCM-110 3045_05_2001 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 23 Components of Content Delivery Networks Core Networking Content Routing Content Switching Content Edge-delivery Intelligent Network Services Content Distribution & Management Origin Web Servers Origin Data Stores CDNs scale the performance of traditional web servers by offloading static content, streaming content, and freeing up the server to process dynamic HTML and CGI requests. NCM-110 3045_05_2001 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 24 Components of Content Delivery Networks Core Networking Content Routing Content Switching Content Edge-delivery Intelligent Network Services Content Distribution & Management Origin Web Servers Origin Data Stores With the reduction in static object web traffic the backend databases will have to maintain fewer open database query sessions because the utilisation of the web servers will be much more optimised. NCM-110 3045_05_2001 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 25 Content Networking Interactions Content Routing Content Switching Content Group Content Content Content Content Engine Engine Content Content Engine Engine Engine Engine Content Switching Content Group Content Content Content Content Engine Engine Content Content Engine Engine Engine Engine Content Group Content Content Content Engine Content Engine Content Engine Content Engine Engine Engine Content Group Content Content Content Content Engine Engine Content Content Engine Engine Engine Engine Content Distribution & Management Origin Web Servers NCM-110 3045_05_2001 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Origin Data Stores 26 Cisco Content Engine Hardware Content Engine 500 Series: CE 507, CE 560, CE 590 Content Engine 7300 Series: CE 7320 Storage Array 6 (SA6) Storage Array 12 (SA12) NCM-110 3045_05_2001 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 27 Introduction to Content Delivery Networks NCM-110 3045_05_2001 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 28 Please Complete Your Evaluation Form Session NCM-110 NCM-110 3045_05_2001 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 29 Presentation_ID © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 30 Protocol Layering- HTTP L6+ L5 L5 L4 L3 L2 NCM-110 3045_05_2001 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. HTTP Data Application Data HTTP Data SSL Encryption TCP Session IP Packet Ethernet Frame 31 CCN/CDN Icons Content Distribution Manager CDM Content Engine Content Engine Other Icons Multilayer Switch PIX Firewall Content Distribution Manager Content Switches Cisco Content Switch Layer 4 SLB Content Routing Cisco Distributed Director CR-4400 Server Cisco Content Router Workgroup Switch Core Router Intrusion Detection NCM-110 3045_05_2001 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 32 TCP and HTTP Client SYN Server 1 SYN/ACK ACK GET HTTP/1.0 2 3 Three-Way Handshake: Connection Setup ACK Time a 00 OK —D HTTP/1.0 2 Data ACK ta HTTP Request & Response N-3 FIN ACK FIN/ACK N-2 N-1 Three-Way Handshake: Connection Tear-down N ACK NCM-110 3045_05_2001 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 33 HTTP Overview HTTP is a connectionless protocol – relies on TCP • HTTP 1.0 (Informational RFC 1945) Feature: Simple; open, operation, close Bug: Fetches single URL per TCP connection Mean size of gets only a few thousand bytes • HTTP 1.1 (Standards Track RFC 2616) Reduce HTTP’s impact on the Internet, and make HTTP a ‘well behaved’ Internet protocol Be as compatible as possible with HTTP/1.0, particularly for origin servers and clients • HTTP 1.1 New features Persistent Connections & Pipelining Ranges & Caching: Range Request, semantic transparency NCM-110 3045_05_2001 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Jim Gettys 10/17/96 HTTP/1.1 requires Host: header to be present, or an error will be returned 34 HTTP 1.0 vs 1.1 Connections Client SYN Server Client SYN Server 1 SYN/AC K 2 3 ACK GET HTTP/1.0 Three-Way Handshake Connection Setup Single HTTP request Multiple HTTP requests 1 SYN/AC K 2 3 ACK GET HTTP/1.0 ACK ata 00 OK— D HTTP/1.0 2 Data ACK ACK ata 00 OK— D HTTP/1.0 2 Data ACK N-3 FIN N-3 FIN ACK FIN/ACK N-2 N-1 N ACK Three-Way Handshake Connection Tear-Down ACK FIN/ACK N-2 N-1 N ACK HTTP 1.0 NCM-110 3045_05_2001 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. HTTP 1.1 35 HTTP 1.1 Connection: Pipelining Client 1 SYN SYN/AC GET HTTP/1.0 Server K 2 ACK www.cisco.co m/banner.bmp www.cisco.co m/indexnhtm Three-Way Handshake: Connection Setup 3 GET HTTP/1.0 Time OK—Data HTTP/1.1 200 OK—Data HTTP/1.1 200 ACK Data ACK Multiple Requests Are Sent Before Waiting for Each Response N-3 FIN ACK FIN/ACK N-2 N-1 Three-Way Handshake: Connection Tear-Down N NCM-110 3045_05_2001 ACK 36 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. HTTP Redirection Client 1 SYN Server SYN/ACK ACK 2 Three-Way Handshake: Connection Setup 3 GET/HTTP/1.0 Host:www.cis co.com Time Found HTTP/1.1 302 r1.cisco.com ocation:serve L GET/HTTP/1.0 Host:server1.cisco.c om Server Redirects Request to Different Host Name Which Triggers a New GET to Redirected Host N-3 FIN ACK N-2 N-1 Three-Way Handshake: Connection Tear-down FIN/ACK N NCM-110 3045_05_2001 ACK 37 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.