Get documents about "Micro-Hydro Turbine
Document Sample
Scott Craig
Cody Maher
Jesse Ross
Brian Vanstratum
Problem Statement
How much power is in water flow?
How do we generate power from water?
How much power do we need?
The Site
Data From the Site
Available Power vs. Needed Power
Feasibility study
Can we make enough
power, using this water
source, to provide
enough energy for one
or more homes?
Located in Reynolds, GA
Is a large pond with a
dam on one side
Minor Mill Pond is a
watershed for Panther
Creek and a collection
of artesian springs
Maximum power from
water flow depends on the
flow rate and the pressure
The pressure is essentially
the height the water falls,
also called “head”
Thus the equation for max
power is:
P = mdotρgh,
where mdot = mass flow rate
and ρgh = water pressure
Turbines are used to
generate power from
water flow and water
pressure
There are 3 main
variations on hydro-
turbine design
Fully immersed in water
Convert water flow to
energy
Work like a propeller
Typically used in high
flow/low head
situations
Operate in air
Convert water pressure
to energy
Driven by high velocity
jets of water
Typically used in low
flow/high head
situations
Cross-flow turbine
Not entirely immersed
in water
Generally operates like
an Impulse Turbine, but
also converts water
flow to energy
Typically used for low
head/high flow
Typical residential power requirements:
Blender: 300W
Coffee Maker: 800W
Washing Machine:
500W
Dryer: 5000W
Central A/C: 2000 –
5000W
Wall A/C: 1000W
Aerial view of the pond View of dam and mill house
Natural Spillway
Dam
Runoff
Spillway Two
Minor Mill Pond
Spillway One
Pond side Opposite side
Pond side Opposite Side
The Minor Mill Pond runs to the
Patsiliga Creek which then dumps
into the Flint River
The USGS has two gage stations
monitoring flow rate one north of
our site and one south of our site
By utilizing this data we can
roughly estimate the flow from
the surrounding tributaries
Gage Station Data from the year
2004
The two stations show the average
stream flow (Cubic Feet per second)
for each month in 2004.
By taking the difference of flow rates
we can determine the tributary
contribution.
The flow from the Minors Mill Pond
will be a fraction of that contribution.
We can then generate a fraction that
represents the flow contribution
from our site based on the flow rate
data we collected on September 30th
2006.
1.6
1.9
1.4
1.7
1.3
1.45
1.45
1.6
1.5
dt 1 1.76 s x 12 in
1.71
1.3
1.7
1.9
1.45
1.45
1.6
1.4
1.4
1.4
Average velocity at the surface of the flow
Neglecting the friction due to air, the velocity at the surface of the flow is the
maximum value of the velocity distribution of the centerline of the flow.
To calculate the flow rate we need the average velocity of the
flow
A look at some hydraulics texts reveals some useful equations…
2 1
1 3 2
va v gRh S0 M n
a n n i g f o r m a
u l
n
1
vs u
r vaf va gc e gh S0 o
V a n o n i v e l c i y
t s
d i
kv o n K a r m fe o r
n o p e n c h a n n e
We never measured the grade, SO but by virtue of two equations we
can find it.
0 . 4
0 . 3 7 9
0 . 3
h
u ( y) dy
y 0 . 2 .1 m m
0.133
( h .1 m) s
0 . 1
3
11 0 0
0 0 . 0 5 0 . 1 0 . 1 5 0 . 2
0
v a v
1
g h S 0 1 2 l.
y
o
3 g
0 . 1 9 7
r h
g
kv o n K a m e n
Applying same methods from before:
m
v2 avg 0.376
s
g a l
V d 8t 01 4
o
m i n
In order to minimize environmental effects
g a l
V d 1t 82 7 5
o we only want to use half the flow from
m i n spillway two
g a l
V d t o ot 2 6 7 8 . 7
t a l
m i n
1
V d u o s t a b l e V d o t
V d o t 2
2
g a l
V d u o s t 1 b7 l 4 e 1
a
m i n
kg
water 1000 h 8.33ft
3
m
Pmax Vdottotal water g h
3
Pmax 4.209 10 W
50%
Pusable Vdotusable water g h
3
Pusable 1.368 10 W
Pmonthly Pusable 31day
3
Pmonthly 1.018 10 kW hr
Determine what we can power with a middle
Georgia micro hydro site
Very small neighborhood (7500 kW*hr/month)
Just one house (1500 kW*hr/month)
Preliminary useable power = 1018
kW*hr/month
Decision Matrix
Options Cost Reliability Power Generated Environmental Impact Totals
*Max Power (Two Feet
of Additional Head) 2 8 10 2 22
*Max Power (Current
Head) 3 9 9 2 23
Spillway 2 Preservation
with Renovation 3 9 6 8 26
Preserving Existing
Dams 7 4 2 10 23
75% Reduction in
Spillway 2 Flow
(Renovation) 3 9 8 6 26
*Max Power = Closing of Spillway 2 for max flow
