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** HANDOUT **
4 MAIN PARTS of a COMPUTER
Examples:
INPUT
KEYBOARD
A device that enables information to be MOUSE
passed into the computer SCANNER
DIGITAL CAMERA
MICROPHONE

Examples:
STORAGE
Temporary Storage:
A unit that holds and gives information to RAM – RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY
the processor
as needed. Long Term Storage:
FLOPPY DISK DRIVE
There are 2 types of storage: HARD DISK DRIVE
Temporary storage holds information for CD-ROM OR CD-RW DRIVE
short periods & only when the computer is ZIP DRIVE
on. FLASH DRIVE
Long term storage holds information for as ROM – READ ONLY MEMORY
long as you want it.

Examples:
PROCESSOR
CPU – Central Processing Unit
The brains of the computer, it controls all
functions. Motherboard holds the CPU & physically
connects all the other main parts of the
computer

Case or chassis houses the motherboard
& the CPU

Examples:
OUTPUT
MONITOR
A device that receives information from PRINTER
the processor in the form of words, sounds SPEAKERS
or pictures.
Relationship between the
4 Main Computer Parts
Mouse (input)
Ports (Part of Motherboard)
Speakers (output)

Motherboard
Keyboard (input)
Monitor (output)

CPU

RAM (temporary storage)

Hard Disk Drive Floppy Disk Drive
(long term storage) (long term storage)

Motherboard inside Computer Case
Hardware Basics
Hard Drive

Power Supply

Mouse CD/DVD

Keyboard

RAM
A

Serial port
CPU
B

Sound (Audio port)
Motherboard

USB port

Network
(NIC)
Graphics Port (AGP)

BIOS
Relationship between the
4 Main Computer Parts
INPUT STORAGE

PROCESSOR

OUTPUT
Components Inside a
Computer
CPU
• The brain of a computer is the CPU or Central
Processing Unit. It controls information and tells
other parts what to do.
• The type of CPU in a computer also determines how
fast that computer can operate.
• A CPU generates lots of heat, so there is usually a
small fan on top of the CPU to cool it down.
Memory
• Your computer uses two types of memory:
primary memory which is stored on chips
located on the motherboard, and secondary
memory that is stored in the hard drive.
• Primary memory holds all of the essential
memory that tells your computer how to be a
computer. Primary memory is also called
temporary storage.
• Secondary memory holds the information that
you store in the computer. Secondary memory
is also called long term storage.
ROM and RAM
• ROM (Read Only Memory) is NOT
considered primary memory.
• ROM and RAM (Random Access Memory)
are very important to the OS.
• Part of a computer's operating system is
built into ROM. That part contains the
most essential programs that the
computer needs in order to run
correctly.
BIOS
One type of ROM is known as the BIOS (Basic
Input Output System). Remember the
BIOS is responsible for waking up the
computer when you turn it on to remind it
of all the parts it has and what they do.
Storage
• The purpose of storage in a computer
is to hold data or information and get
that data to the CPU as quickly as
possible when it is needed.
• Computers use disks for storage:
hard disks that are located inside the
computer, and floppy or compact
disks that are used externally.
CD-ROMs
• CD-ROM is short for
Compact Disk (or Disc) -
Read Only Memory. It is
also referred to as a CD.
• A CD is a shiny, circular
disk that stores information.
• A CD can store up to 650
MB of information.
• A CD or CD-ROM can only
read information from the
disk.
Other Types of Disks
• CD-RW (RW stands for ReWrite)
CD-RW allows you to write information to
the disk as well as read from it.
• DVD (Digital Video Disk)
A DVD looks just like a CD, but it holds
much more information. You can watch
movies, listen to music, or play computer
games from DVDs.
Computer Programs
• A program is a set of instructions
that tells the computer how to
perform a specific task.
• For example, your favorite
computer game is a program.
Types of Programs
• There are many different types of programs for the
computer.
• They are grouped according to the tasks that they
perform.
• Here are some very common types of programs and some
examples of their uses:
• Word processing - letter writing, essays, writing stories
• Database - address books, mailing lists
• Spreadsheets - storing financial information
• Research - encyclopedias, informational programs
• Entertainment - games, music/video programs
• Education - skill practice games, tutorials, how-to
programs
• Desktop Publishing - creating birthday cards,
newsletters, etc.
What is an Operating System?
• The most important program
on any computer is the
Operating System or OS.
• The OS is a large program
made up of many smaller
programs that control how
the CPU communicates with
other hardware components.

It also makes computers easier to operate by people
who don't understand programming languages. In
other words, operating systems make computers user
friendly.
Windows OS
• There are different operating
systems available for PCs, but the
most common is Windows, which was
developed by a company named
Microsoft.
• Windows is similar to the Macintosh
operating system, because it also uses
a mouse and a GUI (Graphical User
Interface) that uses graphics or
pictures to help the user navigate
within the computer system.
Versions of OS
• There are several versions of Windows (95,
98, NT, 2000, ME, XP), just as there are
several versions of Macintosh operating
systems (System 7, System 8, System 9 and
OS X).
• Operating systems are constantly being
improved or upgraded as technology advances.
• When a company thinks that their operating
system has been advanced enough from the
one already on the market, they release their
new version for sale.
The Windows Desktop
Wallpaper:
Backdrop
(background) on
the desktop
Icon:
A small Tool Bar: Window:
picture that Contains icons or Programs and
links to a file options that allow applications that can be
or program you to perform opened, closed or resized
specific tasks

GUI:
Graphical
User
Interface Title Bar:
Helps user Contains title and buttons to
navigate & close, minimize and resize
Scroll Bar:
access
Allows you to see all
programs Trash Bin of the information in
Where you put things a window
you no longer want

Start Menu:
Contains basic operations such as Task Bar:
run, shut down, log off and find Includes the Start Menu
and the Clock
What is a file?
• A file is a collection of data that is stored
together.
• Files can be stored on a hard drive, a floppy
disk, or a CD.
• Everything that a computer does is based on
data stored in files.
• You can do lots of things with files - create
them, name them, rename them, save them,
or delete them.
• Certain files can even be looked at, listened
to, and run.
Files
• Just as you recognize your favorite TV
program by its name, you can also recognize
a file by its name.
• File names often consist of 2 parts: name
and type.
• There are many different types of TV
shows - comedies, dramas, cartoons, sports
shows, game shows, etc. Similarly, computer
files come in different types - text files,
graphic files, program files, email files, etc.
Files
• In many computer systems, files are named
so that you know what type of file it is just
by looking at the abbreviation behind the
name. A period is used to separate the name
from the type, like this: "name.type".
• If TV show titles came in 2 parts like
computer files, they would give the name of
the program, followed by a period, followed
by the type of show it is. It might look like
this: "Sillykids.toon" or
"EmergencyRoom.drama" or "Football.sport"!
File type = Extensions
• One important thing that you should know about
file types or extensions is that they are always
written as abbreviations, usually with 3 letters.
• For example, a text file is shown as .txt and an
executable program file is shown as .exe.
• You may not always see the extension on a file
name, because many PCs offer the option of
turning off the extension. Even though you
don't see it, the computer still does.
• Common extensions you'll see are .doc (MS
Word), .xls (MS Excel), .pub (MS Publisher), .ppt
(MS Powerpoint), .pdf (Adobe Acrobat file),
.htm or .html (web pages), .gif for gif graphics,
.jpg for jpg graphics and so on.
Computer Basics Vocabulary

1. Application Software
Application software is a type of software that includes programs that help people do certain tasks.
2. Binary Code
Binary code is language a computer can understand. Binary code is made up of a series of ones and zeros.
3. Basic Input Output System (BIOS)
Basic Input-Output System is a type of ROM. In very simple terms, the BIOS chip wakes up the computer when
you turn it on and reminds it what parts it has and what they do
5. Boot
Boot is the process of starting or resetting a computer.
6. Byte
A byte stands for a single character of data. A Gig, or gigabyte (GB) equals 1,000,000,000 bytes of data.
7. Central Processing Unit
The central processing unit, or CPU, is a silicon chip that processes data and carries out instructions given to the
computer. The central processing unit is also known as the microprocessor.
8. Compact Disk
A compact disk or compact disc (CD) is an optical storage device that uses laser technology to store information.
It is read by a CD-ROM drive in a computer and can hold the equivalent of 500 floppy disks (650 MB).
9. Computer
A computer is a device that can store, retrieve, manipulate and process data to produce an outcome.
10. Floppy Disk
A floppy disk is a magnetic, non-rigid storage device that can be used to store data and transport it to another
computer. A floppy disk can store up to 1.44 MB of information. It is encased in a plastic sleeve to protect its data.
11. Graphical User Interface
A graphical user interface, or GUI, allows people to select text, icons, and menu items on the computer screen to
choose commands and files and to start application software. It makes computers user friendly.
12. Hard Drive
A hard drive is a long term storage device that reads and writes data to and from round, rigid disks encased in a
container located inside the computer.
13. Hardware
Hardware is the physical equipment of a computer. Hardware includes input devices, the central processing unit,
output devices, and memory. The main parts are the central processing unit (CPU), the monitor, the keyboard,
and the mouse.
14. Headphones
Headphones are an output device that produces sound.
15. Information Technology
Information Technology is the use of technology tools, including computer systems and telecommunications, to
input, store, process, and communicate information. Information Technology is also referred to as IT.
16. Input Device
An input device is a device through which a computer takes in information. Input devices include keyboards,
mouse devices, and scanners.
17. Keyboard
A keyboard is an input device that is used to type text and commands into a computer.
18. Modem
A modem is a device or type of expansion card that sends and receives information via a telephone to and from a
computer.
19. Monitor
A monitor is an output device that displays text, objects, graphics, photographs, video, and animation on a screen.
20. Mouse
A mouse is a hand-held pointing device that controls the cursor.
21. Network
A network is two or more computers linked together to share files, software, and resources, such as printers.
22. Operating System
An operating system is the most important type of system software that manages how a computer's hardware and
the central processing unit communicate, manages files, and runs application software.
23. Output Device
An output device is a device through which a computer sends out information. Output devices include monitors,
printers, and speakers and headphones.
24. Peripherals
Additional components besides the main parts of the computer such as printers and scanners.
25. Printer
A printer is an output device that transfers information to a hard copy, such as paper or a transparency.
26. Processing
Processing is a basic computer function that refers to when a computer uses information.
27. Program
A program can also be called an application or software. Programs are a series of ordered instructions that can
be done by a computer.
28. Random Access Memory
Random access memory, or RAM, is a number of silicon chips inside a computer that hold information that is
being used by the central processing unit as long as the computer is turned on. Also known as short-term
memory, it forgets everything it knows when the computer is turned off.
29. Read Only Memory
Read only memory, or ROM, is the small bit of memory that stays in the computer when it is turned off. It is ROM
that lets the computer “boot up” or get started. ROM holds the instructions that tell the computer how to begin to
load its operating system.
30. Scanner
A scanner is an input device that is used to change images into information that a computer can read.
31. Software
Software is a set of instructions that makes computer hardware work. Software is also known as programs or
applications.
32. Storage
Storage is a basic computer function that refers to when information is saved in a computer..