Lecture

PSY 285 Exam #1 95%, r = .00 78%, r = .56 1. A hypothesis is a summary or explanation of a given phenomenon. T F 2. Critical Incident Stress Debriefing is used to treat trauma symptoms after a critical event or disaster and is similar to cognitive-behavior therapy but contains an added component involving eye movements. T F 3. Most studies in clinical, forensic, and I/O psychology are considered applied research. T F 4. You are running a study on depressive symptoms. You are scheduled to run one of your friends. She never seems depressed, so it would be okay to run her through the study. T F 5. Parsimony means that theories must be as detailed and comprehensive as possible. T F 89%, r = .18 92%, r = .22 35%, r = .18 100%, r = .00 6. Jack likes to joke around and have an occasional drink, but is serious when it comes to school work. He would probably be able to find an appropriate research lab to get involved in. T F 57%, r = .67 81%, r = .18 81%, r = .67 86%, r = .11 95%, r = .11 70%, r = .44 76%, r = .33 76%, r = .33 73%, r = .33 86%, r = .33 89%, r = .22 97%, r = .00 49%, r = .44 76%, r = .33 7. Clever Hans owned a horse that appeared to be able to do math problems. T F 8. Deductive reasoning involves taking a theory and using it to predict behavior. T F 9. Most psychology articles are never cited in another research article. T F 10. According to current ethical guidelines in psychology, professors my view students Facebook profiles as long as they do record any specific data for research. T F 11. Experts usually have a broad range of knowledge, extending beyond their field of study. T F 12. B. F. Skinner is known for outlining the steps of the scientific method. T F 13. One criticism of the IRB process is that they are biased against applied research. T F 14. Determinism emphasizes that all aspects of human behavior have internal causes. T F 16. A researcher conducts a study on parenting and uses the findings from the study to revise old theories. This is an example of inductive reasoning. T F 17. The books Mad in America and Let them Eat Prozac describe examples of unethical researchers misclassifying dead participants to make their results appear more favorable. T F 18. The Rind et al. (1998) study showed that sexual abuse has no short-term consequences. T F 19. You are running a study on personality. A participant you are running asks you out on a date. The participant doesn’t have any unusual personality scores, so dating is ethical. T F 20. A study examining stereotype threat would best be classified as basic research. T F 21. “Research gap” is the failure to apply research findings to the real work. T F 100%, r = .00 15. Clitoridectomies, spinal fractures, and ice baths have been used to treat schizophrenia. T F 100%, r = .00 22. Pilot studies are generally used to test the feasibility of running a study. T F 65%, r = -.11 23. Knowledge that is a priori is based on experience. T F – Item became extra credit 54%, r = .22 35%, r = .22 24. Qualitative research is more common in anthropology than psychology. T F 25. The term “operationism” originated from chemistry research in the 1920s. T F 92%, r = .22 26. Internet study where surveys are posted online: a) internet-mediated b) observational c) phenomenological 27. Argued on behalf of determinism: a) Socrates b) Holbach c) Szasz 28. A researcher makes up a new disorder, called “bipolar attention deficit disorder” (or BADD), to describe children who are moody or have trouble paying attention. Soon, many children are diagnosed with BADD. This is most specifically an example of: a) pseudoscience b) reification c) subjectivity 29. LEAST characteristic of a pseudoscience a) phrenology b) subliminal persuasion 86%, r = .22 73%, r = .22 92%, r = .00 c) bipolar disorder 95%, r = .00 30. You go to Cedar Point and wait 5 hours to go on a new rollercoaster. The ride is not much different from the others, but you convince yourself it was great. This is an example of… a) effort justification b) introspection c) anecdotal evidence 31. What does the “I” in IRB stand for? a) Internal b) Institutional c) Independent 32. People who are opposed to conducting surgery on live animals are said to be a) anti-vivisection b) anti-livesection c) anti-dissection 33. People have an easier time recalling tasks if they were interrupted during them, called the… a) Zeigarnik effect b) Aron effect c) von Osten effect 34. Had a reputation for showing the foolishness of artists, politicians, and laborers: a) Socrates b) Holbach c) Szasz 35. A professor submits an IRB application. It is reviewed within two weeks by a panel of 2-3 IRB members. This review can be considered: a) full board b) exempt c) expedited 36. Minimal Brain Dysfunction was a previous name for this diagnosis: a) ADHD b) bipolar disorder c) multiple personality disorder 37. “The art of finding one thing while looking for something else.” a) serenity b) serendipity c) serengeti 38. Area of philosophy concerned with how we know what we know: a) epidemiology b) epistemology c) epidermolysis 39. The “sludge testing” study showed an example of… a) confidentiality violation b) coercion c) debriefing 100%, r = .00 78%, r = .56 38%, r = .33 89%, r = .22 92%, r = .18 97%, r = .00 100%, r = .00 92%, r = .00 84%, r = .22 76%, r = .33 40. Study involving people with very low IQ scores: a) CIA’s LSD study b) Tuskegee c) Willowbrook 41. This person has argued that psychologists should be banned from facilitating torture: a) Eleanor Gibson b) Steven Reisner c) Clever Hans 42. Once said, “To know and not to act is not to know.” a) Socrates b) Martin Luther King, Jr. c) Wang Yangming 43. Love, agreeableness, authoritative parenting, and happiness are all examples of… a) operationalizations b) overt behaviors c) constructs 44. Which of the following journal articles is likely most trustworthy? a) Berthoz, A. (1996). The role of inhibition in the hierarchical gating of executed and imagined movements. Cognitive Brain Research, 3, 103-113. b) Mischel, W., Shoda, Y., & Rodriguez, M. L. (1989). Delay of gratification in children. Science, 244, 933-938. c) Nagoshi, C. T. (1999). Perceived control of drinking and other predictors of alcohol problems in a college student sample. Addiction Research, 7, 291-306. 45. According to the textbook, the most common type of question occurring at lab meetings is… a) “What do you think would happen if we did X?” b) “Where do we go from here?” c) “What might happen if we replicate this study?” 46. Research Team A shows that extraversion is correlated with happiness, frequency of smiling, and increased eye contact. Research Team B shows that extraversion is correlated with happiness, college adjustment, and social support. Team B’s study could be called… a) a replication b) an extension c) a partial replication 47. A student who goes to the bar three days a week believes everyone else does too. This is an example of which cognitive bias? a) belief perseverance b) me-too fallacy c) confirmation bias 48. A student thinks most people watch college football because all of her friends do. This is an example of which cognitive bias? a) availability heuristic b) overconfidence bias c) hindsight bias 49. Uncontrollable urge to escape slavery… a) drapetomania b) halitosis c) chlorosis 50. Order of steps in the scientific method: a) Hypotheses  Theory  Design Study  Run Study  Report Results b) Design Study  Hypotheses  Run Study  Report Results  Theory c) Theory  Hypotheses  Design Study  Run Study  Report Results 97%, r = .00 76%, r = .67 84%, r = .22 86%, r = .44 84%, r = .33 32%, r = .22 76%, r = .22 84%, r = .11 92%, r = .11 59%, r = .44 PSY 285: Exam #1 Study Guide Ch1 and Science Lecture      Why to take this course Epistemology Ways of knowing Cognitive biases Free will vs. Determinism o Know the definitions o Be able to identify examples of each type of reasoning o Why controversial Other components of science: Objective, data-driven, revisable Introspection Science vs. pseudoscience o Definition o Examples of treatments and diagnoses Phrenology, subliminal messages Anecdotal evidence Effort justification Goals of research Scientific method and Skinner’s criticisms/suggestions         Ch2 and Ethics Lecture                 Ethics Little Albert Critical incident Basic guiding principles for ethics IRB committee, the process/application, and what “IRB” stands for; know the application process in detail (especially areas with red checkmarks in the notes), and any examples of ethical violations Problems with the IRB Risk, consent/assent, deception, debriefing, desensitization, dehoaxing, confidentiality Willowbrook, Tuskegee, CIA/LSD Animal research ethics Antivivisection Plagiarism, falsifying data Problems with data manipulation/faking and examples Rind et al. (1998) study Torture controversy Unique ethical aspects of internet research Problems and tips for research Ch3 and Ideas Lecture        Basic vs. Applied research Lab vs. field research o Suspension bridge study o Privacy issues Quantitative vs. qualitative Simple vocabulary: operationalize, overt behavior, construct, hypothesis, theory, deductive reasoning, inductive reasoning, serendipity, replication, extension, partial replication Aspects of good theories, examples Structure of research labs Literature review Names to Know          Holbach Socrates Thomas Szasz Steven Reisner Martin Luther King, Jr. Wang Yangming Eleanor Gibson B.F. Skinner Clever Hans NOT on the Exam    First day powerpoint Bb1 reading Creative thinking (p. 96-99)