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America Claims an Empire:
Chapter 10
US History
Timeline: What’s Going On?
• United States: • World:
• 1898 – The Spanish • 1895 - Technology is
American War Begins developed for the
• 1914 – The Panama modern radio.
Canal opens • 1910 – The Mexican
• 1917 – The United Revolution begins
States enters WW I • 1914 – WW I Begins
in Europe
Section 1: Objectives
• By the end of this lesson,
I will be able to:
• 1. Explain the economic
and cultural factors that
fueled the growth of
American imperialism.
• 2. Describe how the
United States acquired
Alaska.
• 3. Summarize how the
United States took over
the Hawaiian Islands.
Section 1: Imperialism and America
• Main Idea: Beginning in • Why it Matters Now:
1867 and continuing During this time period, the
through the century, global United States acquired
competition caused the Hawaii and Alaska, both of
United States to expand. which became states in 1959.
• Key Terms: • Key Names:
• Imperialism • Queen Liliuokalani
• Pearl Harbor • Alfred T. Mahan
• William Seward
• Sanford B. Dole
Imperialism and America:
• Throughout the 19th century
America expanded control of
the continent to the Pacific
Ocean
• By 1880, many American
leaders felt the U.S. should
join European nations and
establish colonies overseas
• Thus began America’s foray
into Imperialism – the
policy in which stronger
nations extend control over
weaker nations
• This was becoming the trend
around the world.
Why Would A Country Believe in Imperialism? – Part 1
• 1) Desire for Military
strength
• Alfred Mahan (Admiral of
US Navy) advised for a
strong navy
• America wanted to
establish itself as a global
military presence
• US became the third
largest navel power.
Why Would A Country Believe in Imperialism? –
Part 2
• 2) Thirst for new
markets – to spur
economy & trade
• United States was
producing far more than
they needed. (time to
export)
• This would create more
jobs and invigorate the
economy
Why Would A Country Believe in Imperialism? –
Part 3
• 3) Belief in Cultural
Superiority – a belief that
Anglo-Saxons were
superior
• Many Americans believed
that the US had a
responsibility to spread
Christianity and
“civilization” to the
world’s “inferior peoples”
• This ethnocentric viewed
angered many countries in
the years to come.
Which of the three ideas do you think is the biggest reason
why a country would want to become imperialistic?
1. Desire for military
strength
2. Thirst for new
markets 20
3. Belief in cultural
superiority
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The US Acquires Alaska:
• In 1867, Secretary of State
William Seward arranged
for the United States to buy
Alaska from the Russians for
$7.2 million
• Some thought it was a silly
idea and called it “Seward’s
Icebox”
• Time has shown how smart it
was to buy Alaska for 2 cents
an acre
• Alaska is rich in timber,
minerals and oil
More About: Alaska
• Population: 686,293
(2008)
• Size: 663,268 square miles
• Became a State in: 1959
• Highest Point: Mt.
McKinley 20,320 ft
• Largest City: Anchorage -
population 279,671
Anchorage,
Alaska
The US Takes Hawaii:
• Hawaii had been
economically important to
Americans for centuries
• To avoid import taxes
(tariffs), sugar growers
pleaded for annexation
• The U.S. knew the value of
the Islands – they had built a
naval base at Pearl Harbor in
1887
• Led by Sanford Dole,
American annexed Hawaii in
1898 and it formally became a
state in 1959
This is how I feel about how the
U.S. acquired Hawaii:
1. I think they were right
to acquire Hawaii the
way they did
2. I can understand why,
but don’t agree with 20
how they did it
3. I don’t agree at all how
they acquired Hawaii 0% 0% 0%
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Did We Meet Our Objectives:
• Can You:
• 1. Explain the economic
and cultural factors that
fueled the growth of
American imperialism.
• 2. Describe how the
United States acquired
Alaska.
• 3. Summarize how the
United States took over
the Hawaiian Islands.
Section 2: Objectives
• By the end of this lesson,
I will be able to:
• 1. Contrast American
opinions regarding the
Cuban revolt against
Spain.
• 2. Identify events that
escalated the conflict
between the United States
and Spain.
• 3. Trace the course of the
Spanish-American War
and its results
Section 2: The Spanish American War
• Main Idea: In 1898, the • Why it Matters Now: US
United States went to war involvement in Latin
to help Cuba win its America and Asia increased
independence from Spain. greatly as a result of the war
and continues today.
• Key Terms: • Key Names:
• Yellow Journalism • Jose Marti
• U.S.S. Maine • Valeriano Weyler
• Rough Riders • George Dewey
• San Juan Hill
• Treaty of Paris
This is what I’m doing for
Thanksgiving this year:
1. Going out of town
2. Staying home
3. Not sure
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The Spanish American War:
• America had long held an
interest in Cuba
• When Cubans unsuccessfully
rebelled against Spanish rule
in the late 19th century,
American sympathy went out
to the Cuban people
• After Spain abolished slavery
in Cuba in 1886, Americans
invested millions in Cuban
sugar
• Valeriano Weyler (Spanish
Navy leader) was wreaking
havoc on the Cuban people.
Why did America have an interest in
Cuba?
1. Sugar
2. Sugar and Spanish 20
oppression
3. Vacation hot spot
4. None of the above
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Cuba’s Second War for Independence:
• Anti-Spain sentiment in
Cuba soon erupted into
a second war for
independence
• Led by poet Jose Marti,
Cuba attempted a
revolution in 1895
• Marti deliberately
destroyed property,
including American
sugar plants, hoping to
provoke American
intervention
War Fever Escalates:
• Newspaper publishers
William Randolph
Hearst (New York
Journal) and Joseph
Pulitzer (New York
World) exaggerated
Spanish atrocities and
brutality in “Headline
Wars”
• This was called Yellow
Journalism:
CLICK THE PIC!!!
During this time period, do you think that people
were more persuaded by media bias than they are
today?
0% 1. Yes
0% 2. No
0% 3. Maybe
20
0% 4. Not sure
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
U.S.S. Maine Explodes!
• Early in 1888, President
McKinley ordered the
U.S.S. Maine to Cuba in
order to bring home
American citizens in
danger
• On February 15, 1898
the ship blew up in the
harbor of Havana
• More than 260 men were
killed
When the U.S. found out that the Maine sank as a
result of a fire, do you think they had a right to
apologize to Spain?
1. Yes
2. No
3. Maybe
:20
4. Not sure
s
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War Erupts With Spain:
• There was no holding
back those that wanted
war with Spain
• Newspapers blamed the
Spanish for bombing the
U.S.S. Maine
• Recent investigations
have shown it was a fire
inside the Maine
• “Remember the Maine!”
became a rallying cry for
U.S. intervention in
Cuba
War Erupts in the Philippines:
• U.S. forces surprised
Spain by attacking the
Spanish colony of the
Philippines – George
Dewey lead the charge!
• 11,000 Americans
joined forces with
Filipino rebel leader
Emilo Aguinaldo
• By August, 1898 Spain
had surrendered to the
U.S. in Manila
The War in the Caribbean:
• A naval blockade of
Cuba was followed by a
land invasion
highlighted by
Roosevelt’s Rough Rider
victory at San Juan Hill
• Next, the American
Navy destroyed the
Spanish fleet and paved
the way for an invasion
of Puerto Rico (Spanish
colony)
US Wins: Signs Treaty of Paris
• The U.S. and Spain signed an
armistice on August 12, 1898,
ending what Secretary of
State John Hay called “a
splendid little war”
• The war lasted only 16 weeks
• Cuba was now independent
• U.S. receives Guam, Puerto
Rico, and “bought” the
Philippines for $20 million
Section 3: Objectives
• By the end of this lesson, I will
be able to:
• 1. Describe the US involvement
in Puerto Rico and in Cuba.
• 2. Identify the causes and
effects of the Philippine-
American War.
• 3. Explain the purpose of the
Open Door Policy in China.
• 4. Summarize the views
regarding US imperialism.
Section 3: Acquiring New Lands
• Main Idea: In the early • Why it Matters Now:
1900’s, the United States Today, the United States
engaged in conflicts in maintains a strong military
Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the and political presence in
strategic worldwide
Philippines.
locations.
• Key Terms:
• Key Names:
• Foraker Act
• Emilio Aguinaldo
• Platt Amendment
• John Hay
• Protectorate
• Open Door Notes
• Boxer Rebellion
How was your Thanksgiving Break?
1. Great!
2. Good
3. Average 20
4. Not so good
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Acquiring New Lands:
• The U.S had to decide how to
rule the new lands
• Puerto Rico wanted their
independence– but the U.S.
had other plans
• Puerto Rico was important to
the U.S. strategically
• Foraker Act - The U.S. set up
a civil government, full
citizenship, and a bicameral
system
Cuba And The United States:
• The Treaty of Paris granted
full independence to Cuba
• The U.S signed an agreement
with Cuba known as the Platt
Amendment 1903
• Key features of “Platt”
included
• 1. The right of the U.S. to
maintain naval stations on the
island and
• 2. The right to intervene in
Cuban affairs
• Cuba had become a
“protectorate” of the U.S.
Do you think that the two conditions of the
Platt Amendment were fair to the Cubans?
0% 1. Yes 20
0% 2. Not sure
0% 3. No
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Filipinos Rebel:
• Filipinos reacted with
rage to the American
annexation
• Rebel leader Emilio
Aguinaldo vowed to fight
for freedom and in 1899
he led a rebellion
• The 3-year war claimed
20,000 Filipino rebels,
4,000 American lives and
$400,000,000 (20x the
price the U.S. paid for
the land)
What was the main reason why the Filipino’s
eventually rebelled against the United States?
1. They didn’t like having
American Naval bases on their
land
2. They felt like the Americans
were too controlling
3. They didn’t feel Americans had
them in their best interest
4. All of the above are true :20
5. Both 1 and 2
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Foreign Influence on China:
• China was a vast potential
market for American
products
• Weakened by war and foreign
intervention, many European
countries had colonized in
China
• In 1889, John Hay, U.S.
Secretary of State, issued the
Open Door Policy which
outlined his plan for free
trade among nations in China
Boxer Rebellion:
• European nations dominated
China’s cities
• Resentment arose in the form
of secret societies determined
to rid China of these “foreign
devils”
• The Boxer’s were a secret
group that rioted in 1900,
killing and vandalizing all
things foreign
• Foreign Troops were called in
to put down this “Boxer
Rebellion”
Why did the Boxer’s rebel against
foreign forces?
1. They were stealing money from
them
2. They were taxing many of the
residents of the Chinese cities
3. They were controlling many of 20
the businesses in China
4. They didn’t rebel, they liked the
foreign countries doing business
with them
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Americans Protect Rights in Asia:
• After the Boxer Rebellion,
John Hay again issued a
series of Open Door Policies
• These policies reflected
American beliefs in:
• 1. the importance of exports
• 2. the right of America to
intervene to keep foreign
markets open
• 3. the belief that America’s
survival depended on access
to foreign markets
Did We Meet our Objectives?
• Can You:
• 1. Describe the US
involvement in Puerto
Rico and in Cuba.
• 2. Identify the causes and
effects of the Philippine-
American War.
• 3. Explain the purpose of
the Open Door Policy in
China.
• 4. Summarize the views
regarding US imperialism.
Section 4: Objectives
• By the end of this lesson, I will
be able to:
• 1. Explain how Theodore
Roosevelt’s foreign policy
promoted American power
around the world.
• 2. Describe how Woodrow
Wilson’s missionary diplomacy
ensured U.S. dominance in
Latin America.
• 3. Describe the effects of
America’s involvement in the
Mexican Revolution.
Section 4: America as a World Power
• Main Idea: The Russo- • Why it Matters Now:
Japanese War, the Panama American involvement in
Canal, and the Mexican conflicts around 1900 led to
Revolution added to involvement in WW I and
America’s military and later to a peacekeeper role in
economic power. today’s world.
• Key Terms: • Key Names:
• Panama Canal • Francisco “Pancho” Villa
• Roosevelt Corollary • Emiliano Zapata
• Dollar Diplomacy • John J. Pershing
America As A World Power:
• Two events signaled
America’s continued climb
toward being the #1 world
power
• 1) Roosevelt negotiated a
settlement between Russia
and Japan who had been at
War – his successful efforts in
negotiating the Treaty of
Portsmouth won Roosevelt
the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize
• 2) Construction of Panama
Canal
The Panama Canal:
• By the early 20th
century, many
Americans understood
the advantages of a canal
through Panama
• It would greatly reduce
travel times for
commercial and military
ships by providing a
short cut between the
Atlantic and Pacific
oceans
Building the Panama Canal: 1904-1914
• The French had already
unsuccessfully attempted
to build a canal through
Panama
• America first had to help
Panama win their
independence from
Colombia – which it did
• Construction of the
Canal stands as one of
Cost- $380 million
the greatest engineering
feats of all-time
Workers– Over 40,000 (5,600
died) Time – Construction took
10 years
Click the pic!!!
The Roosevelt Corollary:
• In 1904, President
Roosevelt added the
Roosevelt Corollary.
• The Roosevelt Corollary
said that the US would
now use force to protect
it’s economic interests in
Latin America.
• Roosevelt coined the
phrase “Speak softly and
carry a big stick; you will
go far” during this time.
Dollar Diplomacy
• Just like other nations in the
world that were practicing
imperialism, the US was
nervous that other nations
would become more powerful.
• Dollar Diplomacy –US
government loans made to
foreign countries (favors) to pay
off debt
• This allowed us to control
others things though (taxes on
import and exports)
• This helped keep European
powers out of the Caribbean
because they had US backing.
Woodrow Wilson’s Missionary
Diplomacy:
• In 1913, Wilson realized that
some countries were coming to
power using immoral means.
• Prior to Wilson Missionary
Diplomacy, the US recognized
any government that controlled
a nation, regardless of the
nation’s policies or how it had
come to power.
• Wilson felt that these aspiring
countries should establish
democratic governments.
• The Mexican Revolution (to
come) was a reaction to this
policy
The Mexican Revolution:
• Mexico had been ruled by a
dictator for over 20 years.
(Porfirio Diaz)
• Diaz had many investments in
the US and many US
companies owned large shares
of oil wells, mines, and
railroads in Mexico.
• The US investors and the
wealthy Mexican businessmen
were becoming extremely
wealthy.
• The common people of the
country however were
desperately poor.
What Happens Next?
• In 1911, Mexican peasants
and workers overthrew
their dictator.
• The leader of the revolt
(Madero) was murdered
and a new leader took
over. (Huerta)
• President Wilson refused
to recognize the
government this new
leader formed.
Francisco Huerta • Wilson called it “a
government of butchers.”
Intervention in Mexico:
• Wilson decided to watch and wait
and see what might happen.
• In 1914, the Mexican revolt group
arrested a small group of American
sailors.
• They were released by Wilson
wasn’t happy.
• He sent in the Marines and killed
over 200 Mexicans. (18 Marines
died as well)
• This brought the US and Mexico
close to war.
• A new leader (Carranza) eventually
took over Mexico and Wilson
withdrew his troops.
Rebellion in Mexico
• Not everyone listened to
Carranza.
• A group of rebels headed by
Francisco “Pancho” Villa and
Emiliano Zapata opposed the
Mexican government.
• Villa and his men started taking
the lives of Americans passing
through Mexico (RR’s).
• In response, Wilson ordered
General John J. Pershing and
15,000 men to capture Villa
dead or alive.
Chasing Villa
• For almost a year Pancho Villa eluded
American forces.
• Wilson decided to call in the big guns.
• He called out 150,000 National
Guardsmen and stationed them along
the Mexican border.
• The Mexicans grew angry over the
invasion of their lands.
• Caranzza demanded withdrawal of US
troops but Wilson refused.
• They were on the brink of war….but
• Both backed down – Why?
• 1. The US was facing war in Europe
• 2. Mexico decided to reform their
government and help out the nation’s
poor.
Sum it All Up: What Did America Accomplish During
This Time Period?
• 1. Expanded it access to
foreign markets in order to
ensure the continued
growth of the domestic
economy.
• 2. Built a modern Navy to
protect its interests abroad.
• 3. Exercised its
international police power
to ensure dominance in
Latin America.
Did We Meet All Of Our
Objectives?
• Can You:
• 1. Explain how Theodore
Roosevelt’s foreign policy
promoted American power
around the world.
• 2. Describe how
Woodrow Wilson’s
missionary diplomacy
ensured U.S. dominance
in Latin America.
• 3. Describe the effects of
America’s involvement in
the Mexican Revolution.
