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EU –Russia Energy Relations
Philip Lowe
Director General
European Commission - Energy
Energy
1. EU external energy policy
2. EU-Russia Energy Relations
3. Challenges and objectives - the
EU-Russia Energy Dialogue
4. Long-term cooperation- EU-
Russia Energy roadmap
Energy
EU External Energy Policy
• Energy as a global business
• EU import dependency and
security of supply
• Unfold the external dimension of
the internal market
Energy
Concrete objectives
• Developing information sharing and solidarity as
regards IGAs concluded by Member States will
strengthen the EU energy market
• Our internal market is attractive and has become a
regulatory reference for several neighbours: need
for a comprehensive but differentiated approach
• Further diversifying energy sources and routes
remains a key priority
• Moving from supply partnership to greater
convergence of energy markets between EU and
Russia
Energy
EU-Russia energy relations
Coal
2%
Non energy
trade
25%
Crude oil
64%
Electricity
0%
Gas
9%
EU-Russia Trade value 2010, Eurostat figures
Energy
• EU-Russia energy relations – a mutual
dependency
Russia’s exports of EU imports of natural gas
natural gas
West Balkans 2% Others; 11%
Turkey 9% Nigeria; 2%
Libya; 3%
Qatar; 5% Russia;
34%
CIS 29%
Algeria; 14%
EU 60%
Norway; 31%
Energy
EU gas market developments
6000 TWh 30 %
5000 TWh 25 %
4000 TWh 20 %
3000 TWh 15 %
2000 TWh 10 %
1000 TWh 5%
0 TWh 0%
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Gross inland consumption Total imports Primary production
Total exports LNG (% imports) - rhs
Energy
Internal market integration:
Growth of hub traded gas volumes (80% of consumption)
450
Germany-NCG (2006)
400 Austria-CEGH (2005)
350 Germany-Gaspool (2004)
France-PEG (2004)
300
Volume (BCM)
Italy-PSV (2003)
250 Netherlands-TTF (2003)
Belgium-Zeebrugge (2000)
200
150
100
50
0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: European Commission, IEA.
Energy
EU – Russia – closely
interconnected
Oil pipeline
connections
Gas pipeline
connections
Southern
gas corridor
LNG terminals
Energy
3. Challenges and objectives -
the EU-Russia Energy Dialogue
Energy
EU-Russia Energy Dialogue –
A functioning framework
• Established in 2000
• Led by Commissioner
for Energy and
Russian Energy
Minister
• Several working
groups / regular
exchange
Energy
Our challenges
EU Russian Federation
Third package and internal Integrated gas market,
(gas) market export monopolies
Investment - infrastructure (Foreign) Investment -
production
Diversification of imports Diversification of exports
Modernisation of the
Decarbonisation policy and
economy and the energy
"Energiewende"
sector
…and a weak legal basis for EU-Russia energy relations
Energy
• The Russian energy sector
- Protection of foreign investment and rule of law to be improved
- Russia remains outside Energy Charter Treaty
- WTO accession as important step
- Important EU upstream investments (Total, Shell, BP, Eni, E.ON,
Wintershall and others)
- Hurdle of Strategic Sectors Law
- No access to transmission and downstream sector
Energy
EU-Russia: from partnership to
integration
• Intensify negotiations on legal basis (New Agreement)
• Step up Partnership for Modernisation in energy,
intensify cooperation on energy efficiency and technology
• Prepare EU-Russia energy roadmap until 2050
• Conclude an agreement between the EU, Russia and
Belarus on the technical rules for the management of
electricity networks in the Baltic region
• Cooperation on infrastructure - develop and maintain
Eastern Corridor (oil and gas)
• Nuclear – cooperation on stress tests and Euratom
agreement
Energy
Long-term cooperation and EU-
Russia Energy roadmap
Energy
EU Energy Roadmap 2050
• Continued focus on energy efficiency
• Major role of renewables – modernisation of the
policy framework
• But all options can contribute – Gas / Nuclear
• Importance of markets and infrastructures
• R&D, innovation – crucial
• Role of ETS and carbon pricing
• Safety and security – no compromise
Energy
The role of gas in the future energy
mix
• Key role for transitional phase until 2030
Increased import needs
Substitution of coal (and oil)
• Prerequisite: Competitive gas prices
Gas market needs improvement
Greater flexibility in long term gas
supply contracts
Role of LNG and unconventional
Development
sources of gas
of Russian
• Long term role of gas (after 2030) gas sector
Flexible back-up for Renewables
CCS and its public acceptance
Energy
The EU – Russia Energy Roadmap
• To respect sovereign energy policy decisions in EU and
Russian Federation;
• To provide for "tolerable level of uncertainty" in long-term
EU-Russia energy relations until 2050;
• To agree on the main drivers, common themes and "no-
regrets options in EU and Russia;
• To establish a broad cooperation plan with milestones (for
example 2020, 2030) and recommendations.
Energy
http://ec.europa.eu/energy
http://ec.europa.eu/energy/international
/russia/russia_en.htm
