Success Stories for SD

Content SD Tools in Asia SD Pathways SD Cases SD TOOLS Environmental Tools Management Tools (Policy and Governance) Social Tools Economic Tools Relationship of SD Tools • Management Systems • Corporate Governance • Life Cycle Approach • Cleaner Production • Consumer Production • Information and Networks • Education • Legislation • Human Resource Development • Training and Awareness Governance (Environmental Management) Social (Consumption) Environmental (Waste and Resources) Economic (Production, Industry) • Economic Instruments (accounting, EIA, Incentives) • Policy • Funding Opportunities • Sustainable Consumption and Production • Standards and Policies • Technology • Demonstration Projects Relations between SD elements Governance (Environmental Management ) Economy (production/industry) Society (consumption) Environment (Waste and Resources) Information (Awareness, Education, HR Development) Classification of Environmental Policy Instruments Commandand-Control Regulations •Standards •Bans •Permits and quotas •Zoning •Liability •Legal redress •Flexible Regulation Direct Provision by Governments •Environmental infrastructure •Ecoindustrial zones or parks •National Parks, protected areas and recreation facilities •Ecosystem rehabilitation Engaging the Public and the Private Sectors •Public participation •Decentralization •Information disclosure •Eco-labeling •Voluntary agreements •Public –private partnerships Using Markets •Removing perverse subsidies •Environment al taxes and charges •User charges •Depositrefund systems •Targeted subsidies •Selfmonitoring (such as ISO 14000) Creating Markets •Property rights •Trade-able permits and rights •Offset programs •Green procurement •Environmental investment funds •Seed funds and incentives •Payment for ecosystem services (Source: UNEP, 2007. Global Environment Outlook 4) Content SD Tools in Asia SD Pathways SD Cases Three Groups of Countries Developed (3R/Green Growth) - Japan, Singapore, South Korea, Australia, NZ Developing (Policy Instruments) - China, India, - Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand Capacity Building (Basic Infrastructure) - Rest of Asian countries Innovation Direction Growth Sustainable Growth Well Being Happiness Traditional Environment Management Reactive Proactive Environment Policies Primary Global Focus Regional . Subregional . National Key Sustainable Development Pathways in the Asia & Pacific Leadership by example on innovative polices to achieve SD goals (ref. at EkH ): • Sufficiency Economy (Thailand) • Gross National Happiness (Bhutan) • 3R Waste Management (Japan) • National Knowledge Economy (India) • Circular Economy (China) • Green Growth (China, Korea, Philippines) 10 SD Pathways in Asia and the Pacific Happiness Knowledge and culture Economy and Human Resources Bhutan Thailand Australia India China Sri Lanka Economic Growth and Environment Kazakhstan Tajikistan Circular Economy, 3R, Green Growth China Japan Republic of Korea PR China Carbon Neutral Nations Japan New Zealand Sustained Growth "Sufficiency Economy is a middlepath philosophy to achieve equitable and stable development, which is often referred to as sustainable development." His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej, Thailand “Gross National Happiness is more important than Gross National Product" His Majesty King Jigme Singye Wangchuck, Bhutan 12 Sustained Growth "Our region needs a comprehensive framework of security that will ensure that the process of economic development is not derailed by the threat of terrorism, the threat to our environment and the threat to our energy security, food security and security of livelihoods." "We will pursue economic development on the basis of resource conservation and build a circular economy. A well-protected eco-system underpins the growing productive forces and better lives for the people". President Hu Jintao, PR China Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, India 13 Content South Asia Sri Lankan NSDS Bhutan Environmental Jurisprudence in India “while environmental law is now clearly a permanent feature of the legal scene, it still lacks clear boundaries”1 Key Achievements: •Green Benches •Monitoring Committee •Environmental protection fund •National environment appellate authority act •National environmental tribunal act •Writ petitions in case of important cases (Taj mahel trapezium case, Vellore tanneries case, etc.) •Change in judicial system (Public Interest litigation, Polluter pays principle, etc.) Sustainable Development, Precautionary principle, Polluter pays principle, Public trust doctrine, Public Interest Litigation, Article 21, 48A, 51A Stockholm convention Components of the Environmental judicial system Air, Water, & Environment Act The core of the system Key Players: Supreme Court, High Court, NGO, Individual petitioners 1:By Lord Woolf in Are the Judiciary Environmentally Myopic? (1992) Journal of Environmental Law, Vol.4, No.1, p.1 17 INDIA: Role of Judiciary in Sustainable Development • • • In India the Apex Court –The Supreme Court has established Green Benches for the speedy disposal of Environmental Cases. This Green Bench has appointed an ‘Empowered Committee’ that consists of technical experts who advise the Hon’ court on these issues. The Judiciary in its several judgments over the last years has helped sustainable development: – Constitution of an “Afforestation fund” : all money are deposited as environmental charges by user agencies, who are allotted forest land is kept. This money is utilized solely for afforestation issue purposes by the state governments. – World famous Taj Mahal area: all Smelting Iron industries in Agra were removed as caused severe Air Pollution and gross damage – The conversion of the Road transport system to CNG in Delhi. – Strengthening of the legal system for diversion of forest land to non-forestry purposes. 18 Buthan Sustained Growth “Gross National Happiness is more important than Gross National Product" His Majesty Jigme Singye Wangchuck, Bhutan Impacts: – Per capita income – Life expectancy – Infant and maternal mortality rates – Health coverage – School enrollment – Literacy rate Central Asia Kazakhstan Kazakhstan Key documents: Participatory Planning NEAP, Strategic Development Plan of Kazakhstan up to 2010, Industrial Innovational Strategy of RK for 2002-2015, Concept on Environmental Security 2004-2015, Program on Fighting Desertification in 2005-2015, Gender balance strategy for 2006-2016, Concept of Transition to SD 2007-2024, etc. Outcomes: National: • NCSD set up in 2004 (4 meeting by Prime Minister) • Social Council of MEP with Env NGOs ( ex. Eco code) • 8 Water Basin Councils • New SDI: Water and energy consumption Subregional • Central Asian Environmental Convention • REAP • trans boundary env. projects http://www.nesdca.narod.ru/publications.html; http://www.nature.kz/ur/ur/ur_1.htm 21 Zones of sustainable ecosystem development (Local Agenda 21 in Kazakhstan) Kazakhstan Structure of sustainable development Council Chairman СSD Chairman assistant Chairman assistant Structure of Council Administration of the President Chairman assistant Members of the Government Deputies of Mazhilis and Senate of Parliament Local Agencies Representatives of business - sector Scientists The nongovernmental and youth organizations Kazakhstan • • • Increasing of the role of NCSD Strengthening the power Official status and legal authorities Participatory planning Capacity of NCSD • • • • • Leadership of high level official Creation of working groups Financial support Extended participation of population Kazakhstan 3. Financial Support  Dialogue with Investors and Donors  State-private partnership  Social funds  SD funds North East Asia Republic of Korea Mongolia Republic of Korea Interaction and Roles of Key Stakeholders Implementation Stage Government FORMULATION IMPLEMENTATION SELF-MONITORING IMPROVEMENT Formulation Stage PCSD LEADING COORDINATION FACILITATION MONITORING Civil Society & Business REVIEW MONITORING EVALUATION Republic of Korea 2003 Strategy Development Process “Participatory Government” Adoption of the NSSD development as one of the 100 national tasks June 05 “National Vision for Sustainable Development’ Serves as a Framework Strategy for the NSSD Declared by the President Task Force led by the PCSD June - Sep 05 NSSD Formulation Guidelines Task Force composing of government, civil society, business, academia led by the PCSD Sep 05 Sep 06 Draft NSSD Draft: Ministries Reviews & inputs: non-government actors through the PCSD Revised NSSD Restoration of Cheonggye stream in Seoul 2007 By 1945 1958~1977 1990s Past Present The restoration work for the Cheonggyecheon was focusing on shifting to the paradigm for a sustainable urban development for Seoul, i.e. from a development/vehicle-oriented city to a nature/human-oriented city 29 Restoring the Cheonggye stream in Seoul < By 1945 > < 1958~1977 > It was a symbol of poverty and slovenliness, being filled up with trash and wastes. Those living in houses near the stream suffered a lot due to the stench caused by the large amount of wastes flowing into the stream. The multitude of shabby, makeshift houses and the dirty smell was to cover up the stream with concrete. During the 1960s and 1970s, it was regarded as an example of successful industrialization and modernization 30 Restoring the Cheonggye stream in Seoul < 1980s~1990s > < 2007 > Then, in the 1980s and 1990s, it came to be regarded as a source of intense traffic, health and environmental issues. Seoul local government restored the Cheonggyecheon and now, The stream regarded as great innovation in urban planning paradigm 31 South East Asia Thailand Thailand How did the people of Bangkok clean up their mess? • A housewife/business woman pulled together a small group of corporate business friends to cooperate in a joint effort to make Bangkok citizens aware of their litter problem and how easily it was to change the situation… 33 Thailand HELP KEEP THAILAND GREEN & CLEAN Thai Environmental And Community Development Association 34 Magic Eyes Time Line 20 Years 1984 2004 1990 2001 1997 Thailand 35 The Magic Eyes Strategy: Starting simple and moving to more complex Example of Evolution Magic Eyes’ Projects Stop littering 1984 Support Saleng Recyclers Separate Paper for the Lives of trees Project Time Future Park Mall Zero Waste Glass Separation Recycling Markets Keep Phuket Clean with Recycle ? 2004 - 2005 Thailand 36 South Pacific New Zealand Australia Australia Manifesto for Well being „ Australians are three times richer than their parents in 1950th, but not happier Need for new politics: Values of the Market Individualism Selfishness “ Human Values (desirable) Trust Self-restraint Materialism Competition Mutual respect Generosity New Zealand CARBON NEUTRAL NATION Generate 90% of electricity from renewable energy sources by 2025 Overall Goal: Prosperity and Sustainability, Leadership on Energy Security and Climate Change Issues Target Indicator GHG emissions NZ Energy Strategy to 2050-Towards a sustainable low emission energy system, NZ Energy Efficiency and Conservation Strategy Competitive Market, Effective Regulation Usage of renewable energy and bio-fuels to reduce reliance on imported fossil fuels Low carbon, cost-effective and applicable in carbon capture and storage, renewable energy and energy efficiency Policy Framework Transport Sector Technology Ref: New Zealand Govt, 2007 Good SDS Practices in Local and Regional Governance • Korea: regional governments’ Agenda 21, by the Korean Council for LA21 (here 3 cases: sustainable urbanisation: Cheonggyecheon stream, Green Way, PCSD and NSDS) • Kazakhstan: Watershed management from 2006 • Viet Nam: Local Agenda 21 • China: Local Agenda 21 • Nepal: Master Plan for Manang & Mustang districts • Japan: Sustainable Urbanization in Kitakushi 40 TRAINING MANNUAL  Global Trends and Agenda NSDS and NCSDs Existing Policy Frameworks in Asia and Europe Best practices on implementation process Steps to follow the process on NSDS SDI examples 41      THANK YOU!