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5th Nordic Environmental Assessment Conference
Reykjavík, Iceland, 24 - 26th August 2003
Environmental Impact Assessment of
Icelandic road projects
Hreinn Haraldsson
Ásdís Guðmundsdóttir
The Public Roads Administration, Iceland
Presentation overview
Roads in Iceland
Environmental Impact Assessment of
road projects
– dimensions
– experience
Handling of projects not subject to EIA
Strategic Environmental Assessment
Conclusions
The Public Roads Administration –
Main organization chart
The road system in Iceland
Areal: 103.000 km2
Population: 286.000
The road system: 13.000 km
Paved roads: 30%
Pass. cars per 1000 inh.: 562
Classification
Primary roads 4.280 km
Secondary roads 3.929 km
Mountainary tracks 2.458 km
Country roads 2.288 km
Total 12.955 km
The development of the road
system
14.000
12.000
10.000
8.000
6.000
4.000
2.000
0
0
5
0
5
0
5
0
5
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5
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5
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5
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5
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´2
´3
´3
´4
´4
´5
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´6
´6
´7
´7
´8
´8
´9
´9
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State roads Paved state roads
Distribution of funds
The road budget 2002
New state
roads
Maintenance of 53%
state roads
18%
General
service Other Public
19% 4% transportation
6%
Road projects subject to an EIA
1994
All road projects
2000
Motorways and express roads in urban areas
New roads outside of urban areas which are
10 km or longer. Rebuilding of roads outside
of urban areas where the planned construction
is at least 10 km in length.
Reservated areas
Number of Environmental Impact
Statements (EIS) for road projects
14
13
11 11
8
6
5 5
4
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
}
New EIA Act
Total number of EISs in Iceland
Road projects (%) Other projects (%)
14%
33% 38%
48% 45% 50%
53%
67% 72% 69%
86%
67% 62%
52% 55% 50%
47%
33% 28% 31%
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Average
} New EIA Act
EISs for road projects 1994-2002
73%
41%
27%
4% 0%
The project is The project is Further Appealed The project is
granted an granted a environmental rejected
unconditional conditional assessment-
approval approval second
appraisal
Road projects 1994-2002
Changes with new EIA Act
90%
83%
44%
17% 20%
10% 5% 0% 0% 0%
The project is The project is Further The project is Appealed
granted an granted a environmental rejected
unconditional conditional assessment
approval approval
1994-2000 2001-2002
Urban
Rural
EIS
urban / rural road projects
40%
63% 60%
79% 75% 78%
83% 82%
91% 92%
60%
38% 40%
21% 25% 22%
17% 18%
9% 8%
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Average
urban rural }New EIA Act
Developers of road projects
subject to EIA
PRA PRA + local authorities Local authorities
3%
7% 8%
17% 18%
25% 25% 18%
21% 40%
60%
100%
92%
83% 82% 79%
71% 75% 75%
60%
40%
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
ge
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
ra
}
ve
A
New EIA Act
Producers of road EISs
PRA Engineering consultants Other consultants
8% 9%
17% 14%
27% 25%
45%
28%
75% 52%
62% 80% 80%
45%
83%
75%
57% 55%
39%
27% 31%
25% 20% 20%
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
ge
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
ra
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ve
A
New EIA Act
The cost of EIS
The developer is entirely responsible for the cost of the
EIS and the part of the EIA procedure carried out by the
Planning Agency.
Each project cost 1-30 m. ISK (89.000-340.000 EUR1)
Estimated average-cost ~ 5 m.ISK. (56.000 EUR)
Total cost 1994 – 2002 ~ 400 m. ISK (4,5 m EUR)
On average
– 2-3% of construction cost for smaller projects
– 1-2% of construction cost for medium projects
– 0,5-1% of construction cost for larger projects
1 1 EUR ~ 89 ISK
What issues determine the
selection of road locations ?
Land use planning (local and municipal
plans)
Road technology / traffic conditions
Impacts on the environment
Cost
Safety
Road projects not subject to EIA
PRAs rules (“mini” EIA )
For those road projects not subject to
the EIA Act, PRA has published own
rules
– PRA provides documentation (report and
homepage) to inform interested parties on
the road project and its primary
environmental impacts
Mitigation measures
1994-2002
Measures that are neccessary to avoid, minimize or remedy
predicted adverse impacts. Total 2600 mitigation measures.
211
197
145
86 85 80
65 65 61
46 40
8% 8% 6% 3% 3% 3% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2%
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Mitigation measures
1994-2002
Conditions in the
Ministers decision
Conditions in the <1%
PRA´s 3 answers of
2
PAs decision comments
5% 2%
General comments
8%
Comments from
consultative bodies
23% Mitigation measures
in the EIS 1
62%
1 EIS=Environmental Impact Assessment
2 PA=Planning Agency
3 PRA=Public Roads Administration
Strategic Environmental Assessment
(SEA)
Road plans will be subject to SEA from
the middle of 2004
PRA has some preparatory work
ongoing
This will be presented in a lecture by
Sebastian Peters and Stefán Gunnar
Thors
Strategic Environmental Assessment
Transport Plan
2003 2007 2011
Revised Every Fourth Year
Road Plan
2003 2005 2007
Revised Every Second Year
Does EIA improve the state of the
environment?
EIA should make a better foundation for
decisions and therefore lead to more
rational and structured decision-making
– inform the public (Increase environmental
awareness)
More informed decisions
– minimize negative consequences,
– enlight positive consequences
Conclusion
In general, road projects in Iceland have in most cases
moderate negative influence on the environment
The EIA has significantly improved the preparation of
road projects
The EIA has certainly prevented environmental damage
in some cases
The new EIA Act from year 2000 was a positive step
Our main concern to-day is the open, frequently used
and time consuming appeal opportunities at the last
stage of the EIA process
Overall, our review of the practice and current issues af
EIA of Icelandic road projects has mainly given positive
signals
Harmonious relationship with the environment and
community
Thank you for the attention !
Hreinn Haraldsson
Ásdís Guðmundsdóttir
The Public Roads Administration
