latin_iv_infinitive_and_participle_review

							          Infinitive Formation
               Active                        Passive
          Perfect Stem +        4th Princ Part +
Perfect
                 -isse                             esse
          2nd Principal
Present   Part                  2nd PP minus ‘e’ or ‘ere’ (3rd conj) +   i
          Future Act Partic +   Rare: Fut Act Partic +
Future    esse                                       iri
    Infinitive Forms of Amo, amare,
              amavi, amatum
             Active       Passive
Perfect   amavisse    amatum/am/os/as/a
                      esse
Present amare         amari

Future    amaturum/am amaturum/am/os/as/a
          /os/as/a esse iri
    Infinitive Forms of duco, ducere,
               duxi, ductum
             Active        Passive
Perfect   duxisse       ductum/am/os/as/a
                        esse
Present ducere          duci

Future    ducturum/am/ ducturum/am/os/as/a iri
          os/as/a esse
         Indirect Statement
  The speaker/writer reports to the
reader or listener what he, she, or a
 character heard someone say, what
  they saw, thought, felt, believed,
knew, hoped, promised, or otherwise
              perceived.

   The speaker / author puts these
   perceptions into their own words
 instead of quoting what they heard
               directly.
     Verbs of Perception or feeling
1.   audio        11. nuntio
2.   sentio       12. spero
3.   video        13. nego
4.   nosco        14. minor
5.   cognosco     13. polliceor
6.   dico         14. existimo
7.   scio         15. arbitror
8.   puto           etc.
          How to translate the
     Accusative/Infinitive in Indirect
               Discourse
1.  Trojanos pervenire audivit.
      S/he heard that the Trojans were
           arriving.
‘Trojanos’ is the Accusative SUBJECT of an
    indirect statement. You should almost
    always try to get a ‘THAT’ into your
    translation of an indirect statement.
    Infinitives Express Relative Time
Perfect Infinitives happened before the main
  verb.

Present Infinitives happen at the same time as
  the main verb.

Future Infinitives happen subsequent the main
  verb.
    Participles Express Relative Time
Perfect Participles happened before the main
  verb.

Present Participles happen at the same time as
  the main verb.

Future Participles happen subsequent the main
  verb.
          Types of Participles
Tense           Active                     Passive
Perfect             xxx                  actus, acta,
            verbs like locutus are
            active only in meaning         actum
                agens, agentis
Present                                         xxx

            acturus, actura, acturum   agendus, agenda, agendum
Future
        Translations of Participles
Tense             Active          Passive
                       xxxx       having been verbed
Perfect           having verbed



                                        xxxxx
Present           verbing

                  going to verb   going to be verbed
Future