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Latin II
Final Exam Review

I. Declining Nouns
a. 1st declension

Singular Plural
Nominative puella puellae
Genitive puellae puellarum
Dative puellae puellis
Accusative puellam puellas
Ablative puella puellis

b. 2nd declension

Singular Plural
Nominative amicus amici
Genitive amici amicorum
Dative amico amicis
Accusative amicum amicos
Ablative amico amicis

c. 3rd declension (m,f,n)

Singular Plural
Nominative (-----) mater, pater, nomen matres, es, a
Genitive matris, patris, nominis matrum, um, um
Dative matri, patri, nomini matribus, ibus, ibus
Accusative matrem, patrem, nomen matres, es, a
Ablative matre, patre, nomine matribus, ibus, ibus

d. 4th declension (m/f, n)

Singular Plural
Nominative domus, genu domus, ua
Genitive domus, genus domuum, uum
Dative domui, genu domibus, ibus
Accusative domum, genu domus, ua
Ablative domu, genu domibus, ibus

e. 5th declension (m,f,n)

Singular Plural
Nominative dies dies
Genitive diei dierum
Dative diei diebus
Accusative diem dies
Ablative die diebus

II. Conjugating Verbs

a. 1st conjugation
amo, amare, amavi, amatus

ACTIVE
Present Imperfect Future Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect
st
1 s amo amabam amabo amavi amaveram amavero
2nd s amas amabas amabis amavisti amaveras amaveris
3rd s amat amabat amabit amavit amaverat amaverit
1st p amamus amabamus amabimus amavimus amaveramus amaverimus
2nd p amatis amabatis amabitis amavistis amaveratis amaveritis
3rd p amant amabant amabunt amaverunt amaverant amaverint

PASSIVE
Present Imperfect Future Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect
st
1 s amor amabar amabor amatus sum amatus eram amatus ero
2nd s amaris amabaris amaberis amatus es amatus eras amatus eris
3rd s amatur amabatur amabitur amatus est amatus erat amatus erit
1st p amamur amabamur amabimur amati sumus amati eramus amati erimus
2nd p amamini amabamini amabimini amati estis amati eratis amati eritis
3rd p amantur amabantur amabuntur amati sunt amati erant amati erunt

b. 2nd conjugation

habeo, habere, habui, habitus

ACTIVE
Present Imperfect Future Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect
st
1 s habeo habebam habebo habui habueram habuero
2nd s habes habebas habebis habuisti habueras habueris
3rd s habet habebat habebit habuit habuerat habuerit
1st p habemus habebamus habebimus habuimus habueramus habuerimus
2nd p habetis habebatis habebitis habuistis habueratis habueritis
3rd p habent habebant habebunt habuerunt habuerant habuerint

PASSIVE
Present Imperfect Future Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect
st
1 s habeor habebar habebor habitus sum habitus eram habitus ero
2nd s haberis habebaris habeberis habitus es habitus eras habitus eris
3rd s habetur habebatur habebitur habiuts est habitus erat habitus erit
1st p habemur habebamur habebimur habiti sumus habiti eramus habiti erimus
2nd p habemini habebamini habebimini habiti estis habiti eratis habiti eritis
3rd p habentur habebantur habebuntur habiti sunt habiti erant habiti erint

c. 3rd conjugation
mitto, mittere, misi, missus

ACTIVE
Present Imperfect Future Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect
st
1 s mitto mittibam mittam misi miseram misero
2nd s mittis mittibas mittes misisti miseras miseris
3rd s mittit mittibat mittet misit miserat miserit
1st p mittimus mittibamus mittemus misimus miseramus miserimus
2nd p mittitis mittibatis mittetis misistis miseratis miseritis
3rd p mitunt mittibant mittent miserunt miserant miserint

PASSIVE
Present Imperfect Future Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect
st
1 s mittor mittibar mittar missus sum missus eram missus ero
2nd s mittiris mittibaris mitteris missus es missus eras missus eris
3rd s mittitur mittibatur mittetur missus est missus erat missus erit
1st p mittimur mittibamur mittemur missi sumus missi eramus missi erimus
2nd p mittimini mittibamini mittemini missi estis missi eratis missi eritis
3rd p mittuntur mittibantur mittentur missi sunt missi erant missi erunt

d. 4th conjugation
audio, audire, audivi, auditus

ACTIVE
Present Imperfect Future Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect
st
1 s audio audiebam audiam audivi audiveram audivero
2nd s audis audiebas audies audivisti audiveras audiveris
3rd s audit audiebat audiet audivit audiverat audiverit
1st p audimus audiebamus audiemus audivimus audiveramus audiverimus
2nd p auditis audiebatis audietis audivistis audiveratis audiveritis
3rd p audiunt audiebant audient audiverunt audiverant audiverint

PASSIVE
Present Imperfect Future Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect
1st s audior audiebar audiar auditus sum auditus eram auditus ero
nd
2 s audiris audiebaris audieris auditus es auditus eras auditus eris
3rd s auditur audiebatur audietur auditus est auditus erat auditis erit
1st p audimur audiebamur audiemur auditi sumus auditi eramus auditus erimus
2nd p audimini audiebamini audiemini auditi estis auditi eratis auditus eritis
3rd p audiuntur audiebantur audientur auditi sunt auditi erant auditus erunt
III. Participles

how you form the participles of active and passive verbs
example: Marcus, walking to school, saw a bakery.
“walking” would be a participle in Latin.

Active Passive
1) use the second principle part
of a verb
2)chop off the “re”
3) add -ns
Present

1) the 4th principle part of a verb
Imperfect

1) use the 4th principle part of a
verb
2) chop off the “us”
3) add -urus
Future
IV. Infinitives

how you form the infinitives of active and passive verbs

Active Passive
1) the second principle part of 1) use the second principle part of a
a verb verb
2) for 1st, 2nd, and 4th conjugations,
chop off the last “e” and add an –i
3) for 3rd conjugation, chop off the
Present

-ere and add an –i

1) use the third principle part 1) Two words:
of a verb 2) use the 4th principle part of a
2) add -isse verb
Imperfect

3) use “esse”

1) use the 4th principle part of a
verb
2) chop off the “us”
3) add –urus
4) add “esse”
Future

V. Relative Pronouns
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Singular
Nominative qui quae quod
Genitive cuius cuius cuius
Dative cui cui cui
Accusative quem quam quod
Ablative quo qua quo
Plural
Nominative qui quae qua
Genitive quorum quarum quorum
Dative quibus quibus quibus
Accusative quos quas qua
Ablative quibus quibus quibus

VI. Indefinite Adjective
1) use the previous chart
2) add –dam onto the end
3) NOTE: if the last letter of the relative pronoun is “m,” change it to an “n”
before adding the ending.
4) example: qui becomes quidam; quarum becomes quarundam, and so on

VII. Demonstrative
a. this/these

Masculine Feminine Neuter
Singular
Nominative hic haec hoc
Genitive huius huius huius
Dative huic huic huic
Accusative hunc hanc hoc
Ablative hoc hac hoc
Plural
Nominative hi hae haec
Genitive horum harum horum
Dative his his his
Accusative hos has haec
Ablative his his his

b. that/those
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Singular
Nominative ille illa illud
Genitive illius illius illius
Dative illi illi illi
Accusative illum illam illud
Ablative illo illa illo
Plural
Nominative illi illae illa
Genitive illorum allarum illorum
Dative illis illis illis
Accusative illos illas illa
Ablative illis illis illis

c. himself/herself/itself

Masculine Feminine Neuter
Singular
Nominative ipse ipsa ipsum
Genitive ipsius ipsius ipsius
Dative ipsi ipsi ipsi
Accusative ipsum ipsam ipsum
Ablative ipso ipsa ipso
Plural
Nominative ipsi ipsae ipsa
Genitive ipsorum ipsarum ipsorum
Dative ipsis ipsis ipsis
Accusative ipsos ipsas ipsa
Ablative ipsis ipsis ipsis

d. him/her/it

Masculine Feminine Neuter
Singular
Nominative is ea id
Genitive eius eius eius
Dative ei ei ei
Accusative eum eam id
Ablative eo ea eo
Plural
Nominative ei eae ea
Genitive eorum earum eorum
Dative eis eis eis
Accusative eos eas ea
Ablative eis eis eis

e. the same

1) use the previous chart
2) add –dem onto the end
3) example: is becomes isdem; ea becomes eadem, and so on

VIII. Adjectives/Adverbs
Adjectives:
a. regular
Positive Comparative Superlative
_er, rather __, more __ _est, very __, the most __
1)the adjective 1) use the positive 1) use the positive
2)declining in 1st/2nd/3rd 2)chop off the ending (-e, 2) chop off the ending (-e,
declension iter) -iter)
3)add –ior if it is 3) if it does not end in “er”
note: case, number, and masculine or feminine, add –issimus (a, um)
gender should match with and add –ius if it is neuter 4) if it ends in “er”, add –
the noun it is with. This 4) declining should be of rimus (a, um)
doesn’t mean it always has the 3rd declension 5) declining should be of
to be identical with the the 1st/2nd declension
noun, however.
ex: magnus canis
not identical, but still
same case, number,
gender

b. irregular
Positive Comparative Superlative
_er, rather __, more __ _est, very __, the most __
1. bonus, a, um 1. melior, melius 1. optimus, a, um
2. malus, a, um 2. peior, peius 2. pessimus, a, um
3. magnus, a, um 3. maior, maius 3. maximus, a, um
4. parvus, a, um 4. minor, minus 4. minimus, a, um
5. multus, a, um 5. plus 5. plurimus, a, um

Adverbs:
a. regular

Positive Comparative Superlative
(usually) _ly _er, rather __ly, more __ly _est, very __ly, the most __ly
1)use an adjective 1) use the positive 1) use the positive
2)if using a 1st or 2nd 2)chop off the ending (-e, 2) chop off the ending (-e,
declension adjective, chop iter) -iter)
off the ending 3)add –ior if it is 3) if it does not end in “er”
and add –e masculine or feminine, add –issime
3) if using a 3rd declension and add –ius if it is neuter 4) if it ends in “er”, add –
adjective, chop off the 4) NO DECLINING rime
ending, and add –iter 5) again, NO DECLINING
4) NO DECLINING

b. irregular
Positive Comparative Superlative
(usually) _ly _er, rather __ly, more __ly _est, very __ly, the most __ly
6. bene 6. melius 6. optime
7. male 7. peius 7. pessime
8. facile 8. facilius 8. facillime
9. magnopere 9. magis 9. maxime
10. paulus 10. minus 10. minime
11. multus 11. plus 11. plurimum

Adverbs: ALMOST the same as adjectives. Positive = the adjective. Comparative = ior or ius (not
declinable) and Superlative = issime

IX. Locative and Ablative of Place to Which

Rule: cities, towns, small islands, domus, rus, and humus
using an accusative case without a preposition indicates place to which
using an ablative case without a preposition indicates place from which
using a locative case indicates place in/at which

(all other prepositions such as prope, super, etc. are used regularly)

Locative
1st or 2nd declension 3rd declension
locative singular form = genitive singular form singular = ablative singular
plural form = ablative plural form plural = ablative plural

ex: Roma Romae ex: GadesGadibus
AthenaeAthenis

**remember, this is only for cities, towns, small islands, domus, rus, and humus!!

IX. Dates

The Months Reminders
Ianuarius, a, um ~write lower case for
Februarius, a, um Roman numerals
Martius, a, um ~capitalize all special
Aprilis, is, e days and Months
Maius, a, um ~use ante diem or a.d.
Iunius, a, um ~count backwards
Iulius, a, um including the target date
Augustus, a, um and the starting date
September, Septembris, Septembre
October, Octobris, Octobre
November, Novembris, Novembre
December, Decembris, Decembre

Use the accusative case (on month and special day) when…
 using pridie
 using ante diem
Use the ablative case (on month and special day) when…
 you are stating the current day

On March, May, July, and October…
The Kalends is the 1st of the month
The Ides is on the 15th of the month
The Nones is on the 7th of the month

On all the other days…
The Kalends is on the 1st of the month
The Ides is on the 13th of the month
The Nones is on the 5th of the month

Calculation of Years

From A.U.C to A.D/B.C
if the date is <753, subtract it from 754, and you will get a B.C date
if the date is >753, subtract 753 from it, and you will get a A.D date

From A.D/B.C to A.U.C
if the date is B.C, subtract it from 754
if the date is A.D add it to 753

Numbers in Words
unus
duo
tres
quattuor
quinque
sex
septen
octo
novem
decem
undecim
duodecim
tredecim
quattuordecim
quindecim
sedecim
septendecim
duodeviginti
undeviginti
viginti

Writing Letters
First: the name of the person sending the letter in the nominative case
Second: the name of the person receiving the letter in the dative case
Third: S.D. sends greetings

Note: there was no signature at the end of letters, just “Vale” goodbye

X. Q-words

Relative Pronoun (chart given previously)
The man, who runs through the street is not able to avoid the pig
who = qui, quae, quod

More on the Relative Pronoun
Three parts:
~relative pronoun (qui, quae, quod) bold underlined in the example
~antecedent (what the pronoun relates to) italicized
~dependent clause (what the pronoun introduces) underlined

example:
Students like teachers who are interested in the students’ opinions.

Interrogative Pronoun
Who is standing in the street?
Who = quis, quid
Asks a question, does not modify a noun

Interrogative Pronoun Chart
~NOTE that the plural is identical to the plural of the relative pronoun

Conjunction of Quod
The slave was tired because he was working in the field.
Because = quod

Exclamatory adverb
How amazing is that dog!
How = quam

Interrogative Adjective
What woman is that?
What = qui, quae, quod
Asks a question, modifies a noun

XI. Grammar

 Predicate Nominative
o Like an = sign: connects a noun to an adjective

Example: Sextus stultus est.
The noun and the adjective are in the same case, number, etc.
REMINDER: if the two words are in two different declensions, they most likely
will have different endings!

 Partitive Genitive
o “of”
Words using plus, satis, aliquid, or nihil as an adjective use the genitive
Plus = more of
Satis = enough of
Masculine Feminine Neuter Aliquid = some of
Singular Nihil = nothing of
Nominative quis quis quid  Dative with
Genitive cuius cuius cuius certain words
Dative cui cui cui o Remember
Accusative quem quem quid the song!
Ablative quo quo quo (Courtesy
Plural of Mr.
Nominative qui quae qua Hartsburg)
Genitive quorum quarum quorum Threaten, harm, please,
Dative quibus quibus quibus trust, resist, persuade,
Accusative quos quas qua command, obey, serve,
Ablative quibus quibus quibus
Pardon, envy, favor, spare, believe all take the dative…

Compound verbs with pre-verbs (ab-, con-, de-) also take the dative
Example: occurro means “to meet.” The direct object takes the dative as if
you are saying “to run to.”

 Accusative of…
o Duration of Time
Example: “for ten years”
“over ten years”
o Place to which
Example: to Rome  ad Romam

 Ablative of…
o Time when
Example: “in summer”
“at dawn”
o Place from which
Example: from Rome  a Roma

 Ablative of Means and Manner
Example: “with a stick” (means)
“in a loud voice” (manner)

 Ablative of Comparison
o With quam doesn’t use the ablative
o Without quam uses the ablative
Example: Marcus altior est quam Sextus (without ablative)
Marcus altior est Sexto (with ablative)

XII. Deponents
Reminders:
 Deponents look passive, but are translated as active
 They are conjugated as passive, from present to future perfect, all the way
through
 They only have 3 principal parts: the present 1st person singular, the infinitive,
and the perfect 1st person singular
 Here are the main deponent verbs:
o Conor, conari, conatus sum, to try
o Moror, morari, moratus sum, to delay, remain, stay
o Vereor, vereri, veritus sum, to be afraid, fear
o Collabor, collabi, collapses sum, to collapse
o Consquor, consequi, conspectus sum, to catch up to, overtake
o Loquor, loqui, locutus sum, to speak, talk
o Proficiscor, proficisci, profectus sum, to set out, leave
o Sequor, sequi, secutus sum, to follow
o Egredior, egredi, egressus sum, to go out, leave
o Ingredior, ingredi, ingressus sum, to go in, enter
o Regredior, regredi, regressus sum, to go back, return
o Experior, experiri, expretus sum, to test, try

XIII: Semi-deponent verbs
 These verbs are deponent only in the perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect
tenses
 Example: audio, audere, ausus sum (+ infinitive) = to dare (NOT “be dared”)
 As in the example, these will have a form of “esse” in the fourth principle part,
but will look active in the first and second.

XIV: The Subjunctive
Active Subjunctive
Present
1st 2nd 3rd 3rd io 4th
Ed Eats A gIAnt bIAly
1) take off –re of infinitive
2) add designated vowel combo
3) add ending (m, s, t, mus, tis, nt)
4) ex: amare  am  ame (b/c 1st conjugation)  amet (3rd p singular)
**endings: 1st person singular is –m instead of –o.
Imperfect
1) infinitive
2) add ending (m, s, t, mus, tis, nt)
3) ex: amare  amarent (3rd p plural)

Perfect
1) same as future perfect indicative
2) ex: amare  amaveris (2nd p singular)

Pluperfect:
1) perfect infinitive
2) add ending (m, s, t, mus, tis, nt)
3) ex: amare  amavisse (perfect infinitive)  amavissetis (2nd p plural)

Irregular:
Sum, esse, fui, futurus
Present: sim, sis, sit, simus, sitis, sint

Imperfect: esse + ending
essem, esses, esset, essemus, essetis, essent

Perfect: fueri + ending (future perfect indicative)
fuerim, fueris, fuerit, fuerimus, fueritis, fuerint

Pluperfect: fuisse + ending (perfect infinitive)
fuissem, fuisses, fuisset, fuissemus, fuissetis, fuissent

Passive Subjunctive

Present
**same rule as active, but different endings:
r, ris, tur, mur, mini, ntur
1) take off –re of infinitive
2) add designated vowel combo (ed eats a giant bialy)
3) add ending
4) ex: amare  am  ame (b/c 1st conjugation)  ametur (3rd p singular)

Imperfect
**same rule as active, but different endings:
r, ris, tur, mur, mini, ntur
1) infinitive
2) add ending
3) ex: amare  amarentur (3rd p plural)

Perfect:
1)4th principle part
2) add sim, sis, sit, simus, sitis, sint
3) ex: amare  amatus  amatus sim (1st p singular)

Pluperfect
1) 4th principle part
2) add essem, esses, esset, essemus, essetis, essent
3) ex: amare  amatus  amati essemus (1st p plural)

XV: Uses of the Subjunctive

Cum Clauses:
Cum temperal : when
Cum causal: since
Cum concessive: although

**The verb that follows is always a subjunctive
Indirect Questions
The pirates were asking *who *we were

Head verb: indicative case
*question word* (who, what, where, when, why, how…)
We were: verb in the subjunctive

= Piratae rogabant qui essemus  subjunctive

Sequence of Tenses
Main Clause (Indicative) Subordinate Clause
(Tense of Subjunctive)
Time of Action Relative to
Main Clause
Primary Sequence Present Present = same time or
Future after
Future Perfect Perfect = time before
Secondary Sequence Imperfect Imperfect =same time or
Perfect after
Pluperfect Perfect = time before

Example: Non intellego cur servae me neglegant
I do not understand why the slave-girls neglect me.

Non intellego cur servae me neglexerint
I do not understand why the slave-girls neglected me.
In both of these statements, the main verb (“understand”) is in the present tense. In
the first example, the subordinate clause (the second verb) is in the present also, so it
is translated in the present. In the second example, however, the subordinate clause
is in the perfect. This is translated as the time before (hence, neglected instead of
neglect). This (according to the chart) is “Primary Sequence.”

More examples: Non intellexi cur servae me neglegerent
I did not understand why the slave-girls were neglecting me.

Non intellexi cur servae me neglexissent
I did not understand why the slave girls had neglected me.

In both of these statements, the main verb (understand) is in the perfect tense. In the
first example, the subordinate clause is in the imperfect, so it is translated in the
present. In the second example, the subordinate clause is in the pluperfect. This is
translated as the time before (hence, “had neglected” instead of “were neglecting.”)
This , according to the chart, is “Secondary Sequence.”

Result Clauses
“ut” = “that,” or “resulting in”
Main verb = indicative
Clause = subjunctive

Ex: Tua mater est tam obesa ut homines currant circum eam ut exerceant
Your mom is so fat that people run around her in order to exercise.

*Or: Your mom is so fat, resulting in people running around her in order that they
exercise.
**there are many translations for “ut,” so chose the best one to fit in the sentence.

Indirect Commands

There are 11 verbs used in indirect commands. Depending on which “group” they
are in, they each take on different endings.

meaning Latin word + case + verb
construction
command Impero dative ut cluase
command Mando dative
persuade Persuadeo dative
permit, allow Permitto dative

warn, advise Moneo accusative
ask Rogo accusative
urge Hortor accusative
beg Oro accusative

seek, beg, ask Peto ablative w/ prep
demand Postulo ablative w/ prep
inquire Quaero ablative w/prep
Abbreviations:

IMPP (or PIMP) = takes the dative case
MR. HO = takes the accusative case
PPQ = takes the ablative case with a preposition

Example: Alios rogabat ut in domum procederent
He was asking some to go forward into the house.

Rogo is part of the MR. HO verbs, so “Alios” is accusative.

Example: Coquo imperavit ut in atrium veniret
He ordered the cook to come into the atrium.

Impo is part of the IMPP verbs, so “Coquo” is dative.

Purpose Clauses
“ut” = to, so that…

“ne” = lest, so that… not, in case, to avoid, to prevent…

Example: Ancillae huc illuc concursabant ut omnia pararent.
The slave-women were running about here and there to prepare everything.

[Reminder] notice that this is in Secondary Sequence with the imperfect subjunctive
(pararent)

Head verb: indicative
Clause: subjunctive

Example: Super limen sublataest ne laberetur.
She was carried over the threshold to avoid stumbling
“ne” is translated as “to avoid”

XVI: Indirect Statements
**this does not use a subjunctive!**

We see that Davus is working in the fields

Head verb: normal indicative
that: **implied** in between first and second parts.
Davus is working: “Davus” = accusative, “is working” = infinitive

=Videmus Davum in agris laborare
**notice that there is no “that” between videmus and Davus

The “infinitive” in the direct statement doesn’t always mean present infinitive…
Ex: Puto Aureliam eo non ituram esse
I think that Aurelia will not go there
**This future infinitive is formed using the chart discussed early in the study guide.
Any infinitive can be placed here depending on the tense.

XVII: Other translations of “ut”
“ut” can be used not only with a subjunctive but with an indicative verb, also

Semper sum, ut vides, negotiosus
As you see, I am always busy.

Only with an indicative verb = “ut” is translated “as” or “when”…

XVIII: Ablatives Absolute

Ablative: indicates time, cause, or circumstance
Absolute: independent from rest of sentence- “stands alone”
Translation:

With the ____(noun)_______ having been ______(participle)________

[with the participles having been discussed at the beginning of the study
guide…]

Coquo vocato: with the cook having been summoned…
**the noun is agreeing with the participle.

Here are some more examples:

Auro invento: with the gold having been found
Calamitate facta with the shout having been made
Opera confecto with the work having been done
Oratione civibus data with the speech having been given to the citizens

**for more practice, go to the Ablatives Absolute sheet. Here is some practice, also:

Pilo iacto:

Scuto deposito:

Scuto in terra deposito

Fenestra fracta

XVIII: Vocabulary
This is most of the vocabulary from the beginning to the end of the book. This IS NOT
everything, so I recommend you reference the textbook to look up other words. This is in
alphabetical order, and does not include ANY culture words because they will be on Ms.
Diamente’s culture sheet.

1. abripio, abripere, abripui, abreptus to snatch away
2. Ac and
3. accipio, accipere, accepi, acceptus to receive, get
4. accumbo, accumbere, accubui, accubiturus to recline at a table
5. acritere fiercely
6. ad tempus on time
7. addo, addere, addidi, additus to add
8. adeo so much
9. adimo, adimere, ademi, ademptus to take away
10. admiratio amazement
11. admirer, admirari, admiratus sum to wonder
12. adorior, adoriri, adortus sum to attack
13. Adstantes, adstatnium bystanders
14. adulescens young man
15. aeger ill
16. aegroto, aegrotare, aegrotavi, aegratatuerus to be ill
17. aestas summer
18. affectus affected, overcome
19. affero, afferre, attuli, allatus to bring, bring to, bring in
20. alias another time
21. ambo both
22. amplector, amplecti, amplexus sum to embrace
23. anima soul, heart
24. animadverto, animadevertere, animadverti, adnimadverus to notice
25. antequam before
26. ara alter
27. arcesso, arcessere, arcessivi, arcessitus to summon, send for
28. ardeo, ardere, arsi, arsurus to burn, blaze
29. arena sand, arena
30. aspergo, aspergere, asperse, aspersus to sprinkle, splash, splatter
31. aspersus sprinkled
32. audio, audere, ausus sujm to dare
33. aufero, auferre, abstuli, ablatus to carry away, take away
34. Aufugio, aufugere, aufugi to run away, escape
35. auspex officiating priest
36. autem however
37. Ave Greetings!
38. avis bird
39. benevolentia kindness
40. blande in a coaxing manner
41. boletus mushroom
42. Bono animo es! Cheer up!
43. cachinus laughter
44. calor heat
45. calvus bald
46. candelabrum lamp-stand
47. capillatus with long hair
48. careo, carere, carui, cariturus to need, lack
49. caro, carnis meat
50. casa hut, cottage
51. castigo, castigare, castigavi, castigatus to rebuke, reprimand
52. castus chaste
53. casu by chance, accidentally
54. catrva crowd
55. ceteri the rest, the others
56. circum around
57. clam secretly
58. claudus lame
59. clementer in a kindly manner
60. coax hipbone
61. cognosco, cognoscere, cognovi, cognitus find out, learn
62. cogo, cogere, coegi, coactus to compel, force
63. collis hill
64. comiter courteously, graciously, in a friendly way
65. comitor, comitari, comitatus sum to accompany
66. commemoro, commemorare, commemoravi, commemoratus to
mention, comment on
67. commoveo,commovere, commovi, commotus to move, upset
68. compare, comparare, comparavi, comparatus to buy, obtain, get ready
69. compleo, complere, complevi, completus to fill
70. complures several
71. concino, concinere, concinui to sing together
72. concrepo, concrepare, concrepui to snap
73. Concurso, concursare, concursavi, concursatus to run to and fro, run
about
74. confugio, confugere, confugi to flee for refuge
75. conicio, conicere, conieci, coniectus to throw, throw together, to figure
out
76. consensus agreement
77. consilium plan
78. consisto, consistere, constiti to halt, stop
79. consultum decree
80. conticesco, conticescere, conticui to become silent
81. contineo, continere, continui, contentus to confine, hold
82. contra against
83. contra against, opposite
84. convalesce, convalescere, convalui to grow stronger, get well
85. converto, convertere, converti, converses to turn around
86. coorior, cooriri, coortus sum to rise up, arise
87. coquo, coquere, coxi, coctus to cook
88. coquus cook
89. corripio, corripere, corripui, correptus to seize, grab
90. cotidie daily, every day
91. credo, credere, credidi, creditus to trust, believe
92. creo, creare, creavi, creatus to appoint
93. crudelis cruel
94. cum primum as soon as
95. cum since
96. cupio, cupere, cupivi, cupitus to desire, to want
97. cura care
98. curae esse to be a cause of anxiety
99. curdelitas cruelty
100. decet, decree, decuit iti s becoming, fitting
101. deditus devoted, dedicated
102. defrico, defricare, defricui, defrictus to rub down
103. deicio, deicere, deieci, deiectus to throw down
104. Delecto, delectare, delectavi, delectatus to delight
105. deliciae delight
106. denarius silver coin
107. derideo, deridere, derisi, derisus to laugh at, get the last laugh
108. desilio, desilire, desilui to leap down
109. desino, desinere, desii, desitus to stop
110. despondeo, despondere, despondi, desponsus to promise in
marriage
111. deus god
112. deus god
113. dextra right hand
114. Di immortals! Immortal gods!
115. dies natalis birthday
116. digitus finger
117. dimitto, dimittere, dimisi, dimissus to send away
118. disco, discere, didici to learn
119. dives rich
120. doelo, dolere, dolui, doliturus to be sorry, to be sad, to bein pain
121. donec until
122. donum gift
123. dormito, dormitare, dormitavi to be sleepy
124. dubium doubt
125. edo, esse, edi, esus to eat
126. effundo, effundere, effudi, effuses, to pour out
127. eicio, eicere, eieci, eiectus to throw out
128. enuntio, enuntiare, enuntiavi, enuntiatus to reveal
129. eo magis all the more
130. epigramma epigram
131. epulae banquet, feast
132. erat inscribendum had to be registered
133. erga toward
134. eruditus learned, scholarly
135. etiamsi even if
136. Euge! Hurray!
137. evado, evadere, evasi, evasus to escape
138. everto, evertere, everti, eversus to overturn, upset
139. exanimatus paralyzed
140. exerceo, exercere, excerui, exceritus to exercise, train
141. experitur he tests
142. exprimo, exprimere, expressi, expressus to press out, express
143. exsilio, exsilire, exsilui to leap out
144. exstruo, exstruere, exstruxi, exstructus to build
145. exta inner organs of sacrificial animals
146. exuo, exuere, exui, exutus to take off
147. familiars members of household
148. febris fever
149. ferculum dish, tray
150. fere almost, approximately
151. ferula cane
152. fides good faith, reliability, trust
153. fleo, flere, fletus to weep, cry
154. follis bag
155. foras outside
156. forte by chance
157. frango, frangere, fregi, fractus to break
158. frustum scrap
159. Fumus smoke
160. funebris funeral
161. fur thief
162. furor frenzy
163. fustis club, cudgel
164. gens family
165. Glis, gliris, dormouse
166. grammaticus secondary school teacher
167. gratias agere to thank
168. gratis free, for nothing
169. gravis heavy, serious
170. gustatio first course
171. haud not
172. haurio, haurire, hausi, haustus to drain
173. Heus! Hey there!
174. hiems winter
175. hilaris cheerful
176. holus vegetable
177. id quod that/ a thing which
178. ientaculum breakfast
179. ignis fire
180. ignoro, inorare, ignoravi, ignoratus to be ignorant, not to know
181. imago likeness, mask
182. immo rather, on the contrary
183. immo vero on the contrary, in fact
184. imperator emperor
185. In quibus, among whom
186. inde from there, then
187. indutus clothed
188. inferi underworld
189. infirma…valetudine in poor health
190. ingenium intelligence
191. ingravesco, ingravescere to grow worse
192. inscius not knowing
193. insula island, apartment
194. interdum from time to time
195. interest it is important
196. invoco, invocare, invocavi, invocatus to invoke, call upon
197. iracundia bad temper
198. irrumpo, irrumpere, irrupi, irruptus, to burst in
199. iungo, iungere, iunxi, iunctus to join
200. iussa commands, orders
201. iuvenis young man
202. labor, labi, lapsus sum to slip, fall
203. laedo, laedere, laesi, laesus to harm
204. lambo, lambere, lambi to lick
205. lanius butcher
206. lapideus of stone, stony
207. laquuntur talk
208. lateo, latere, latui to lie in hiding
209. laurus bay, laurel
210. lepus hare
211. levis smooth
212. Libertus freedman
213. ligo, ligare, ligavi, ligatus to bind up
214. limen threshold
215. lingua tongue, language
216. liquamen sauce made from fish
217. litterae letters, literature
218. locus place
219. lucet, luere, luxit it is light, it is day, it shines
220. ludus game, school
221. ludus school
222. luna moon
223. maiores ancestors
224. malo, malle, malui to prefer
225. malum apple
226. mansuetus tmae
227. mature early
228. medicus doctor
229. Mendicus beggar
230. meridie at noon
231. merita conferre to render services
232. migro, migrare, migravi, migraturus to move one’s home
233. mimus actor of mine, buffoon
234. minuo, minuere, minui, minutus to lessen, reduce, decrease
235. misceo, miscere, miscue, mixtus to mix
236. mitis gently
237. modus way, method
238. moneo, monere, monui, monitus to advise, warn
239. morbus illness
240. morior, mori, mortuus sum to die
241. moritura intending to die, determined to die
242. mos custom
243. mulsum wine sweetened with honey
244. multus much
245. munera games
246. mutuus mutual
247. myrtus myrtle
248. nascor, nasci, natus sum to be born
249. nasus nose
250. nato, nature, natavi, nataturus to swim
251. ne quis that no one
252. nec and…not
253. neglegenter Carelessly
254. neglego, neglegere, neglexi, neglectus to neglect, ignore
255. negotiosus busy
256. neque…neque…quidquam neither…nor…anything
257. niger, nigra, nigrum black
258. nimis too much
259. nonnulli some
260. nova nupta bride
261. Num…? Surely…not…?
262. numero, numerare, numeravi, numeratus to count
263. nuper recently
264. nusquam nowhere
265. obsecro, obsecrare, obsecravi, obsecratus to beseech, beg
266. observo, observare, observavi, observatus to watch
267. occido, occidere, occidi, occisus to kill
268. oleum oil
269. opportet, oportere, ooportuit it is fitting, ought
270. opprimo, opprimere, oppressi, oppressus, to overwhelm
271. optimus best, very good, excellent
272. ornamenta furnishings
273. orno, ornare, ornavi, ornatus to decorate
274. osculum kiss
275. ostendo, ostendere, ostendi, ostentus to show, point out
276. ovum egg
277. paedagogus tutor
278. paene almost
279. pallium cloak
280. panis bread
281. parco, parcere, peperci to spare
282. pareo, parere, parui, pariturus to obey
283. paries wall of a house
284. parvus small
285. pasco, pascere, pavi, pastus to feed, pasture
286. passum raisin-wine
287. patres senators
288. pauper poor
289. pavimentum tiled floor
290. Pecto, pectere, pexi, pexus to comb
291. pecus livestock, sheep, and cattle
292. percutio, percutere, percussi, percussus to strike
293. perdo perdere, perdidi perditus to destroy
294. peristylium peristyle
295. perna ham
296. pestilentia plague
297. pinguis fat
298. pirum pear
299. pistrinum bakery
300. placide gently
301. ploro, plorare, poloravi, ploratus lament, mourn
302. poculum cup, goblet
303. poena punishment, penalty
304. popina bar
305. Porcus pig
306. posco, poscere, poposci to demand
307. postea afterward
308. posterus next, following
309. postremo finally
310. potius quam rather than
311. praebeo, praebere, praebui, praebitus to display, show
312. praecipio, praecipere, praecepi, praeceptus to instruct
313. praefero, praeferre, praetuli, praelatus to carry X in front of Y
314. prehendo, prehendere, prehendi, prehensus to seize
315. pretium price
316. primo first, at first
317. prior first, previous
318. prius earlier
319. procax pushy, insolent
320. procedo, procedure, processi, processurus to go forward
321. prodo, prodere, prodii, proditurus to come forth
322. profero, proferre, protuli, prolatus to carry forward, continue
323. progredior, progredi, progressus sum to go forward, advance
324. pronus face down
325. proximus nearby
326. pugio dagger
327. pullus chicken
328. pupa doll
329. purus spotless, clean, plain
330. puto, putare, putavi, putatus to think, consider
331. qua de causa foir this reason
332. quaero, quaerere, quaesivi, quaesitus to seek, look for, ask for
333. quam primum as soon as possible
334. Quanti…? How much…?
335. Quantum…! How much…!
336. quasi as if
337. quidem indeed
338. Quo cum When…there
339. quo maior…eo plus… the greater…the more…
340. quoniam since
341. rapio, rapere, rapui, raptus to snatch, seize
342. recte rightly, properly
343. Recumbo, recumbere, recubui, to recline
344. regnum kingdom
345. repello, repellere, reppuli, repulses to drive off, to drive back
346. repeto, repetere, repetivi, repetitus to pick up, recover
347. res urbanae affairs of the city
348. resisto, resistere, resisti to resist
349. rima crack
350. rite properly
351. Rixa quarrel
352. rixor, rixari, rixatus sum to quarrel
353. rursus again
354. sacra religious rights, sacrifice
355. sane certainly, of course
356. sanguis blood
357. scapha small boat
358. scindo, scindere, scidi, scissus to cut, split, carve
359. scriblita a certain tart or pastry (yum )
360. secundae mensa second course, dessert
361. securus carefree, unconcerned
362. sella sedan chair, seat
363. Sella, sedan chair
364. senex old man
365. sentio, sentire, sensi, sensus to fell, notice
366. serenus clear, bright
367. si quis if anyone
368. sic thus in this way
369. similis similar to
370. sino, sincere, sivi, situs to allow
371. sis if you wish, please
372. situs located, situated
373. sol sun
374. solea sandal
375. solvo, solvere, solvi, solutus loosen, untie
376. spelunca cave
377. spero, sperare, speravi, speratus to hope
378. stadium enthusiasm
379. stela tombstone
380. stirps thorn
381. stratum sheet, covering
382. studio, studere, studui to study
383. submissus quiet, subdued, soft
384. subsequor, subsequi, subsecutus sum to follow up
385. sumere to assume
386. supero, superare, superavi, superatus to overcome
387. surripio, surripere, surripui, surreptus to steal
388. tabulatum story, floor
389. taedet, taedere, taesum est it bores
390. talia such things
391. tam so
392. tamquam just as if
393. tela web, fabric
394. tergum back, rear
395. texo, texere, texui, textus to weave
396. tibicen piper
397. timor fear
398. tollo, tollere, sustui, sublatus to lift, raise
399. tot so many
400. trepidans in a panic
401. tristis sad
402. turgeo, tergere, tersi, tarsus to dry, wipe
403. ugeo, urgere, ursi to press, insist
404. umbra shadow, shade
405. umquam ever
406. una together
407. unda wave
408. unguo, unguere, unxi, unctus to anoint
409. uterque each
410. utilis useful
411. utrum…an….whethere…or
412. uva grape
413. valedico, valedicere, valedixi, valedicturus to say goodbye
414. valeo, valere, valui, valiturus to be strong, to be well
415. vel or
416. velamen, velaminis veil, shawl
417. Vendo, vendere, vendidi, venditus, to sell
418. ventus wind
419. verbum word, verb
420. vero, truly, really, indeed
421. vescor, vesci to feed on
422. vestibulum entrance passage
423. vestimentum clothes
424. virgo maiden
425. Vis force, amount
426. viscera vital organs
427. vitta ribbon
428. vivo, vivere, vixi, victurus to live
429. vulnero, vulnerare, vulneravi, vulneratus to wound
430. vulnis wound
431. vultus face

Good Luck!