CHE Nanoscience

							             Nanotechnology Research in
          Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering




Participating faculty:   Ruben Carbonell   (photoresists, bioseparations, coatings)
                         Joe DeSimone      (PRINT nano particle fabrication)
                         Michael Dickey    (nanoelectronics, nano-fabrication, theory)
                         Jan Genzer        (polymers at interfaces, assembly, theory)
                         Keith Gubbins     (transport in porous media)
                         Carol Hall        (pattern recognition, protein aggregation)
                         Saad Khan         (polymer rheology, associative polymers)
                         Henry Lamb        (catalysis, electronic materials)
                         Greg Parsons      (molecular electronics, solar energy)
                         Rich Spontak      (polymer morphology, processing, blends)
                         Orlin Velev       (nanodevice fabrication, colloidal science)
      “nanotopics” of interest in NCSU’s CBE

                                                  Bio-colloids
Microfluidics
                      Bulk & surface
                         assembly
  Electronic                                Energy harvesting
  materials
                Combinatorial research

Biointerfaces
                                          Chemical pattern
                    Organic/inorganic       recognition
                     nanocomposites


     Computer
                       Chemical & topographical
  simulations vs.
                         control of surfaces             Molecular
    experiment
                                                       transportation
Self-organizing systems
   Block and graft copolymers
   Functionalized polymers
   Asphaltenic aggregates
   Nanoparticles
   Patterning

Interfacial modification
   Self-assembly and forced assembly
   Combinatorial polymer-grafted surfaces
   Hierarchical dewetting and stabilization

Nanocomposites & nanoporous media
   Nanofiller-induced physical gelation
   Controlled nanoparticle growth
   Adsorption phenomena & separations
   Nanoparticle assemblies

Novel materials processing
   Cryomechanical alloying
   Polymerizations in scCO2
   Thin-film foaming in scCO2
   Electric field-induced material            2 mm
                  organization
      Nanoscience Concentration @ NCSU’s CBE
For students who wish to develop expertise in the technology associated
with nanoelectronics, nanotechnology, and functional nanomaterials

In addition to the “core CHE courses”, the nanoscience concentration includes:
    Chemical Processing of Electronic Materials
    Colloid & Surface Science
    Polymeric Nanomaterials

     CHE/MSE 455      Polymer Technology and Engineering
     CHE 460:         Nano-Electronic Materials
     CHE 461:         Polymer Sciences and Technology
     CHE 462:         Fundamentals of Bio-Nanotechnology
     CHE 465:         Colloidal and Nanoscale Engineering
     CHE 467:         Polymer Rheology
     CHE 596-006:     Nanoscience
     CHE 596-008:     Polymers at Interfaces and in Confined Geometries
     MSE 355:         Electrical, Magnetic & Optical Properties of Materials
     MSE 460:         Microelectronic Materials
     PY 407:          Intro to Modern Physics
               “There is plenty of room at the bottom”
“The principles of physics, as far as I can see, do not
speak against the possibility of maneuvering things atom
by atom…… it is interesting that it would be, in principle
possible for a physicist to synthesize any chemical
substance that the chemist writes down. Give the
orders, and physicist synthesizes it. How?
Put the atoms where the chemist says, and so you
make the substance”
                                                                Courtesy of the Archives, Caltech

           Meso-scale                                             Richard Feynman
                                                                   Nobel Laureate
    1 mm
                    “Top down” approach - Lithography               Caltech, 1959
  100 nm


   10 nm


    1 nm

    1Å
                    “Bottom-up” approach - Chemical Synthesis

    Atomic/Subatomic
          scale
                                                A.N. Shipway et al., Chemphyschem, 2001
    History of a humankind in a more blunt perspective…

                 Historic Periods:
          (1 day in our calendar 30 real years)        Humans appear on Earth about
                                                        230 days ago and live in caves
Neolithic              9000BC                Jan 1            until early May !
                                                       (I fear that some people still live there now…)
Bronze                 3200BC                Jul 5
                                                        Jan            Feb             Mar

Iron                   1200BC                Sep 10
                                                  
                                                        Apr            May             Jun
(steel)                1850                  Dec 27

Silicon                1950                  Dec 30     Jul            Aug             Sep
(semiconductors)                             (10 AM)

Synthetic              1990                  Dec 31     Oct            Nov             Dec
(polymers, superconductors,...)              (4 PM)
                                                                                                
          Nanotechnology: the last few minutes of December 31st !
                                                  If you want to get more
                                                 info about nanotechnology
                                                   or even get inspiration
                                                       about possible
                                                   applications, check out
                                                    this special issue of
                                                    Scientific American




Some of the applications outlined there may be
rather “far fetched”, but it’s okay… one never
                really knows…
  Before we start
   building these
  nanomachines or
even start thinking
about doing so, we
have to learn about
    surfaces and
 surface patterns.

Let’s start then…
                                    Promise of nanotechnology
                            (M. Roco, Senior NSF and government advisor)

• Knowledge base                           better comprehension of nature, life

• A new world of products ~ $1 trillion / year in 10-15 years
   Materials beyond what chemistry can do: $340B/y in 10 years for
         materials and processing
   Electronics in 10-15 years: $300B/y for semiconductor industry, times more
         for global integrated circuits
   Pharmaceuticals in 10-15 years: about half of production will depend on
         nanotechnology, affecting about $180 B/y
   Chemical plants in 10-15 years: nanostructured catalysts in petroleum and
         chemical processing, about $100B/y
   Aerospace: (about $70B/y in 10 years, estimation by industry group)

• Would require worldwide ~ 2 million nanotech workers
• Improved healthcare             extend life-span, its quality, human physical
   capabilities (~ $31B in tools for healthcare in 10 years)

• Sustainability       agriculture, water, energy (~$45B/y in 10 years), materials,
   environment; ex: lighting energy reduction ~ 10% or $100B/y
Ref: Societal Implications of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Kluwer, 2001, pp. 3-4.   M.C. Roco, NSF, 05/23/02
     Areas that already see (or could do so shortly) of
         commercial applications of nanotechnology
 drug delivery                            catalysts (many applications)
 solar energy (photovoltaic or direct     coatings (extra hard or with novel
hydrogen production)                     properties)
 batteries                                implants that encourage cell growth
 display technologies and e-paper         insulation (thermal and electrical)
 medical imaging technologies             composites containing nanotubes
                                          (multi-walled)
 sensors (bio and chemical)               nanoparticle composites
 bioanalysis tools                        textiles and filters
 bioseparation technologies               higher capacity hard drives
 printable electronic circuits            new forms of computer memory
 alloys (e.g. steel or those used in      single photon generators and detectors;
prosthetics)                             new solid-state lasers
 abrasives; glues; lubricants; paints;    optical and electro-optical components
fuels and explosives

                                                         NANOTECH: The Tiny Revolution
                                                         2001-2002 CMP Cientifica
            Do “ChEM-ies” fit into the NANO-world?
Absolutely YES.

Many new great opportunities exist for
growth, development, and progress in
traditional areas… + NANO!

Traditional Chemical Engineering
morphed into many new fields…

And it pays off!

Graduates with B.S in Chemical
Engineering (“universal engineers”)
are the highest paid engineers in
the US (starting $63K in 2012)




                           Wheel
                             of
                          fortune!