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Muon Collider R&D in the US
Muon Collider Program
Closely coupled with R&D on the Neutrino
Factory
IDS-NF
The R&D program is now encompassed in a 5
Year Plan
Proposal submitted to DOE in December, 2008
Two Main Thrusts
Support on-going international commitments
MICE
IDS
Deliver a Muon Collider Design Feasibility Study
by 2013
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 2
Muon Complex Evolution At Fermilab
• Starting with a high-intensity proton
source: Project X
• We see a natural evolution of “muon”
program for Fermilab
• Project X Low-Energy NF
(pointing to Homestake) High-
Energy NF 1.5 TeV MC 4 TeV
MC
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 3
Part I: IDS-NF
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 4
IDS-NF Option: 4 GeV n-Factory
Fermilab to DUSEL (South Dakota)
baseline -1290km
4 GeV muons yield appropriate L/En
Use a magnetized totally active
scintillator detector
Geer, Mena, Pascoli
Phys. ReV D 75, 093001 (2007)
Bross, Ellis, Geer, Mena, Pascoli
Phys. ReV D 77, 093012 (2008)
Ankenbrandt, Bogacz, Bross, Geer, Johnstone, Neuffer, Popovic
Fermilab-Pub-09-001-APC; Submitted to PRSTAB
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 5
The Energy Frontier via m+m-Collisions
MC: One Concept
4 TeV Center-of-Mass
• Rapid-Cycling Synchrotron
Acceleration
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 6
Muon Collider - Motivation
Reach Multi-TeV Lepton-Lepton Collisions
at High Luminosity
Muon Colliders may have
special role for precision measurements.
Small DE beam spread –
Precise energy scans
Small Footprint -
Could Fit on Existing Laboratory Site
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 7
The Supersymmetric Particle Zoo
Independent of actual
supersymmetric mass
scale and the reach of
the ILC, the 2004
CLIC Study conclusions
are still valid
“A Multi-TeV
machine is needed
for extended
coverage of the
mass range
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 8
The Gospel According to Snowmass
Do we really need a multi-TeV COM Lepton Collider?
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 9
But the Physics Case is Not Static
Stephen Martin
Strong
hep-ph/0703097 Case for
March, 2007 considering
Multi-TeV
Lepton Collider
A typical sample “compressed” Higgs and superpartner mass spectrum with WDMh2 = 0.11
An unfortunate feature, quite common to this scenario for dark matter, is that no visible
superpartners would be within reach of a linear collider with √s = 500 GeV
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 10
U.S. Muon Acceleration R&D Community
The Usual Suspects
Organization
We have been around a while – “You can’t tell the players without a score card”
•NFMCC (Neutrino Factory & Muon Collider Collab.)
–National collaboration funded since 1999.
–Pursues Neutrino Factory & Muon Collider R&D.
–NF R&D pursued with international partners
•MCTF (Muon Collider Task Force)
–Task Force established at Fermilab in 2006
–Pursues Muon Collider R&D, utilizing FNAL assets and
extends & complements the NFMCC program
•MCCC (Muon Collider Coordinating Committee)
–Leadership of NFMCC (Bross, Kirk, Zisman) and MCTF
(Geer, Shiltsev)
–Co-ordinates NFMCC & MCTF plans to optimize the
overall program … has worked well and resulted in a joint
5 year plan for future activities.
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 12
Muon Acceleration R&D Organization
R&D Program carried out by two groups
Neutrino Factory and Muon Collider Collaboration
Fermilab Muon Collider Task Force
MUON COLLIDER R&D CO-ORD COMMITTEE
NFMCC MCTF
LEADERSHIP
A. Bross, H. Kirk + LEADERSHIP
S. Geer
M. Zisman V. Shiltsev
MuCool MTA Beam Line
NEUTRINO MUON
MICE HP RF
FACTORY COLLIDER
IDS-NF Helical Cooling
R&D R&D
Low-Energy NF High-Tc SC
PROGRAM PROGRAM
Design & Sim. Design & Sim
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 13
The Muon Collider
Addressing the Technological Challenges
Parameters of Different MC options
Low Emit. High Emit. MCTF07 MCTF08
s (TeV) 1.5
Av. Luminosity (1034/cm2/s) * 2.7 1 1.33-2
Av. Bending field (T) 10 6 6
Mean radius (m) 361.4 500 500 495
No. of IPs 4 2 2
Proton Driver Rep Rate (Hz) 65 13 40-60
Beam-beam parameter/IP 0.052 0.087 0.1
* (cm) 0.5 1 1
Bunch length (cm) 0.5 1 1
No. bunches / beam 10 1 1
No. muons/bunch (10 11) 1 20 11.3
Norm. Trans. Emit. (mm) 2.1 25 12.3
Energy spread (%) 1 0.1 0.2
Norm. long. Emit. (m) 0.35 0.07 0.14
Total RF voltage (GV) at 800MHz 40710 c3 0.21** 0.84** 0.3†
Muon survival Nm/Nm0 0.31 0.07 0.2 ?
m+ in collision / proton 0.047 0.01 0.03 ?
8 GeV proton beam power 3.62*** 3.2 1.9-2.8 ?
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 15
Muon Collider Facility
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 16
R&D Program Overview II
High Power Targetry – NF & MC (MERIT Experiment)
Initial Cooling – NF & MC (MICE (4D Cooling))
200 (& 805) MHz RF - NF & MC (MuCool and Muon’s Inc)
Investigate RF cavities in presence of high magnetic fields
Obtain high accelerating gradients (~15MV/m)
Investigate Gas-Filled RF cavities
Intense 6D Cooling – MC
RFOFO “Guggenheim”
Helical Channel Cooling (MANX Proposal)
Parametric Resonance Ionization Cooling
Bunch Recombination - MC
Acceleration– A cost driver for both NF & MC, but in very different
ways
FFAG’s – (EMMA Demonstration)
Multi-turn RLA’s – a BIG cost reducer
RCS for MC
Storage Ring(s) – NF & MC
Theoretical Studies NF & MC
Analytic Calculations
Lattice Designs
Numeric Simulations
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 17
The Experiment Reached 30TP @ 24 GeV
Beam pulse energy = 115kJ
B-field = 15T
Jet Velocity = 20 m/s
Measured Disruption Length = 28 cm
Required “Refill” time is then 28cm/20m/s = 14ms
Rep rate of 70Hz
Proton beam power at that rate is 115kJ *70 = 8MW
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 18
The Basic Problem – B Field Effect
805 MHz Studies
Data seem to follow
universal curve
Max stable gradient
degrades quickly with
B field
Re-measured
Same results
Gradient in MV/m
>2X Reduction @ required field
Peak Magnetic Field in T at the Window
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 19
805 MHz Imaging
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 20
201 MHz Cavity Running
Summary I (B=0)
Limited by RF
Power
Design Gradient
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 21
201 MHz Cavity Running
Summary II (B>0)
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 22
Facing the RF B Field Challenge
Three Approaches to a Solution
Reduce/eliminate field emission
Process cavities utilizing SCRF techniques
Material Studies
– Surface coatings
– Non-Cu bodies
RF cavities filled with High-Pressure gas (H2)
Utilize Paschen effect to stop breakdown
Magnetic Insulation
Eliminate magnetic focusing
– Not Yet Tested
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 23
High-Gradient RF Operation B Field
Promising indications @ a Solution
SCRF Processing techniques help
Reduce dark current
– More advanced techniques (Atomic-Layer-Deposition) may
do more
Cavity material properties seem to be important
TiN helps
– Coupled with SCRF processing may reduce FE even
more
Mo, Be Coatings?
Gas-filled cavities show promise
Operation with beam critical next test
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 24
Muon Collider Design
Emphasis on Cooling
Muon Collider Design Progress
Muon Collider designs
start with a NF front- NF
FRONT
end, but require a much END
more ambitious cooling
channel (6D cooling ~
O(106) c.f. 4D cooling
~ O(100).
In the last 5 years
concepts for a complete
end-to-end self con-
sistent cooling scheme
have been developed
Requires beyond state-of-art components: need to be developed
Hardware development and further simulations need to proceed
together to inform choices between alternative technologies
Also progress on acceleration scheme & Collider ring design,
but the cooling channel presently provides the main Muon
Collider challenge
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 26
A Muon Collider Cooling Scenario
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 27
Guggenheim RFOFO - Simulations
liquid
H2
RF
solenoid
Pavel Snopok
Helical Cooling Channel
Magnetic field is solenoid B0+ dipole + quad
System is filled with H2 gas, includes rf
cavities
Cools 6-D (large E means longer path length)
But, incorporating RF is Engineering challenge!
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 29
HCC Magnet Design & Prototyping
Helical solenoid (HS):
Smaller coils than in a
“snake” design
Smaller peak field
Lower cost
Field components in HS
determined by geometry
Over constrained
Coil radius is not free Outer
parameter bandage rings
4 Coil Demonstration Model
Validate mechanical structure Inner
and fabrication methods
bobbin
Study quench performance and
margins, field quality, quench
protection
Use SSC conductor
Superconducting coils (one
layer, hard bend wound)
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 30
Final Cooling
LH2 absorbers tested in MICE
50 T Solenoids
National Very High Field Superconducting Magnet
Collaboration
2 Year $4M program to study HTS conductor and cable
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 31
Acceleration
Acceleration - Overview
RLA: get more passes
Ramp linac magnets, get more passes (12)
Non-scaling FFAG arcs: get 2 passes per
arc, maybe more
Fast ramping synchrotron (RCS)
Potential for many more passes
FFAG: not studied much as yet for
Muon Collider
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 33
Initial Acceleration – Neutrino Factory
244 0.9 Define beamlines/lattices for all components
MeV 146 m GeV
79 m
0.6 3.6 264 m
GeV/pas
GeV 12.6
s
2 GeV
GeV/pass
Dogbone RLA - footprint Tue Jun 10 21:06:52 2008 OptiM - MAIN: - D:\IDS\Arcs\Arc1.opt
15
3
5000
4000
3000
BE TA_ X&Y [m]
DISP _X&Y [m]
2000
1000
x [cm ] 0
6000
-1000 11000 16000 21000 26000 31000
-2000
-3000
-4000
-5000
z [cm ]
-3
0
0 BE TA_X BE TA_Y DISP_X DISP_Y 130
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 34
Acceleration -RCS
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 35
The Way Forward
Joint NFMCC and Fermilab MCTF 5 Year Proposal
to DOE
The 5 Year Plan
A Proposal Has now been submitted to DOE
A joint US: NFMCC-MCTF Plan
A measured program based on the solid muon accelerator
R&D achievements of the last decade
Sufficiently ambitious to make substantial progress before
the next round of long-term decisions by the particle physics
community
Includes accelerator, physics & detector studies – we also
have plans & estimates for physics & detector studies, but
will be in a separate proposal)
Meets our existing commitments (NF-RDR, MICE) and
in addition will deliver:
MC performance requirements based on physics
A first end-to-end MC simulation
Critical component development & proof-of-principle
experiments
A first MC cost estimate
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 37
“The 5 Year Plan”
(developed by All-US Community, coordinated by MCCC)
• Goals :
I. establish feasibility of a Muon Collider by 2012-13
II. deliver MC-DFS by 2013 and NF-RDR by 2012
III. greatly narrow technology options, end-end simul’s
IV. give cost estimates for MC and NF
• Staged approach: PD MCTF NF MC
- perfectly aligned with Fermilab’s long term plan
outlined in Steering Group Report and P5 report
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 38
5-Year Plan of Muon Accelerator R&D
Progress to Date
v1.0 presented to MUTAC in Aug’08
1 hr briefing of D.Kovar and J.Blazey Nov’08
Presented at the Dec’08 DoE review of Accelerator
Science
Elaborated coherently in presentations of 4 labs
FNAL, LBNL, BNL and ANL
Formally submitted to DoE in Dec’08
Current status: “interesting… wait” (CR, ARRA,
budget, etc)
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 39
Elements of the MC R&D Plan
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 40
Resources
FUNDING PROFILE PROPOSED EFFORT CONTRIBUTIONS
30000 120
25000 M&S 100 LBNL
SWF BNL
EFFORT (FTE)
FUNDS (K$)
20000 TOTAL 80 FNAL
15000
OTHER
60 SUM
10000
40
5000
20
0
0
YEAR
YEAR
X3 Increase in Effort
NOTE: Roll-over in years 4-5 provides an opportunity to initiate post-DFS
activities, should the community wish us to proceed to the next step
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009
Muon Collider Technical Foundation after 5 Years
From Here to There
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 42
Encouraging “Words”
Very High Field SC Magnet
Collaboration
The immediate goals (2 years):
The immediate goal (2 years) is to understand if Bi 2212 is a
suitable vehicle for this task.
develop the technology to build magnets with B>30 T
Funded for 2 years @ $2M/yr
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 44
April 2009 MUTAC Review
“Selected Excerpts”
The committee endorses the integrated NFMCC and MCTF 5-year plan with the
following goals:
- NF RDR
- Muon Collider feasibility report which depends on:
MC performance requirements based on physics
End to end MC simulation
Critical component development and testing
First cost estimate
The collaboration estimates a factor of 3 increase in people resources is required
and the committee agrees
- Laboratories are not prepared to commit the full increment.
The remainder will come from universities and SBIR initiatives
- it is not clear to the committee that the expertise is
available [ed. Help is Welcome!]
We are impressed with the flow of new ideas, but concerned that
given limited resources, options must be reduced.
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 45
MICE
Impressive progress
MICE experimental running (parasitic)
Civil engineering
Instrumentation installation and testing
Magnet design and procurement drives the early
steps in the programme.
Cavity
Coordination with the ISIS schedule puts
constraints on a complex and demanding
programme. Moms will be increasingly
important in ensuring reactive scheduling.
Five Year Plan
Six step programme matches both Neutrino and
Muon programmes.
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 46
MICE
Recommendations
To assess the performance of the 201 MHz RF
in the magnetic field levels for MICE to verify
the assumption of dark current levels.
Recognising the vital contribution that a timely
delivery of MICE step VI will make to both the
neutrino factory IDS and a Design Feasibility
Study (DFS) for a Muon Collider, this committee
recommends that maximum pressure is exerted
by the collaboration on UK funding bodies to
make a timely decision to fund the entire
programme to the aspirational timescale.
Provide an assessment of the timescales and
costs of a wedge absorber test MICE
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 47
