英汉翻译教程

							5.Translating Long Sentences
   5.1 English long sentences:
   The United States pays for Brazilian
    coffee with dollars, which Brazil can
    then use to purchase wool from
    Australia, which can likewise buy
    textiles from Great Britain, which can
    import tobacco from the United States
    in the same way.
   美国用美元支付从巴西进口的咖啡，巴西用
    所得的美元去购买澳大利亚的羊毛，澳大利
    亚再用收取的外汇进口英国的纺织品，而英
    国再以同样的方式从美国进口烟草。
   Monetarists, led by University of Chicago Professor
    Emeritus Friedman armed themselves with
    evidence showing that free markets on their
    own produce as much growth and
    employment as an economy can sustain.
   5.2 Classifying English long sentences:
   并列句：
   Some people think modern economies
    can just close the gates, but the
    movement of capital and ideas knows
    no borders.
   Some invest only in government
    bonds; others are slightly riskier,
    going into corporate borrowings.
复合句
1.名词性从句：

   （1）主语从句：
   It is a good thing that they have
    reached an agreement on the style of
    the dresses ordered.
（2）宾语从句:
Operating processes define how
a company produces, sells,
distributes and supports its
products and services.
Management processes define
how a company directs, co-
ordinates and controls these
operations.
（3）表语从句：
The result is that suits
have become less a
uniform than an
expression of individual
style.
   （4）同位语从句：
   The fact that supermarket chains are
    running risks entering their unfamiliar
    area made experts worry.
2. 定语从句
  （1）限定性定语从句
Thus, hierarchical control is only effective in
   relatively stable business environment
   where change happens slowly.
（2）非限定性定语从句
A small unit was set up in the
   Association to prepare for an
   international conference on
   the problems already
   mentioned, which is to take
   place in Rome, in September
   1981.
3. 状语从句
   If the beast of inflation escapes, the increase
    in interest rates needed to recapture it will
    then have to be bigger.
   They will be given an informal oral test during
    the first week in May so that we can decide
    the best class fit for them.
It is important to sound
interested, helpful and
alert when you answer
the phone.
   The country’s economy has emerged from
    recession because the government adopted
    some flexible policies.
Although the net will change
the way of the world, today’s
pioneering Internet companies
are unlikely ever to earn the
vast profits needed to justify
their current share prices.
并列复合句 ：
   They track how unemployment has changed
    over time in the sample as a whole, and
    then they look at how its evolution differs
    across countries, according to how rigid their
    labor markets are.
   。
5.3 Basic methods of translating long
sentences:

   5.3.1 Combination:
   By comparison the machinery which it
    replaced was capable of producing only 257
    million eggs annually.
   5.3.2 Division:
   The very important oil industry, which
    has done much to rejuvenate the
    economy of the South since the end of
    World War II, made considerable
    headway especially in the five states of
    Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi,
    Oklahoma and Texas.
That was a principle that Apple
tragically failed to understand when it
backed off from licensing its graphic
computer interface, assuring that its
market share would be savaged by
Microsoft’s more open Window
operating system.
可悲的是，“苹果”公司未能理解一个原
则。它放弃了电脑图形界面的销售许可，任
由微软公司更为开放的视窗操作系统无情侵
占自己的市场份额。
5.3.3 Keeping the order:
You may have to make or receive calls to or
  from regular customers and prospective
  customers, so a good telephone manner not
  only makes an impression in business, but
  also helps to make money.
 有时你可能必须与老客户或潜在的客户通电
  话，因此礼貌地接打电话不仅给业务伙伴留下
  好印象，而且还能帮你赚钱。
The statement declared that
the international economic
order must be changed or the
gap between developed and
developing countries would
continue to widen.
声明宣称：国际经济秩序必须改
变，否则发达国家与发展中国家之
间的差距将继续加大。
5.3.4 Changing the order:
   He was puzzled that I did not want the job
    that was obviously a “step” toward what all
    Americans are taught to want when they
    grow up: money and power.
It can be frustrating that you
have to rely on other people to
translate your ideas into reality.
   A World Bank report released at the time of
    the conference, which ended on 10
    November, insists that Vietnam’s overall
    growth will depend more on its own policies
    than on the volume of external financing.
Publication of the minutes, for instance,
would be warranted above all if they
contained key information not obtainable
in any other way.
Combination of different
methods:
   I would like to point out, however, that our
    contract does state quite clearly that in the
    event of unforeseen circumstances, we
    cannot be held liable if we are unable to
    meet agreed delivery dates.
Some economists argue that, because of
uncertainties about whether and how the
relationship between growth and inflation
has changed, and because forecasters
have consistently overestimated inflation
and underestimated growth in recent
years, the Federal Reserve Board is still
right to play safe until more data confirm
that inflation is reviving.
• It is a melancholy object to those who
  walk through this great town or travel in
  the country, when they see the streets,
  the roads, and cabin doors, crowded with
  beggars of the female sex, followed by
  three, four, or six children, all in rags and
  importuning every passenger for an alms.这
  在他们看来，真是一副凄惨的景象：那些在这
  座大城市或是在这个国家旅游的人，常可以看
  到街头、路边、小屋门前，拥挤着许多女乞
  丐，身后跟着三个、四个或六个小孩，那些小
  孩全是衣裳褴褛，栏着过路的人苦苦乞讨。
• It is a melancholy object to those who walk
  through this great town or travel in the country,
  when they see the streets, the roads, and cabin
  doors, crowded with beggars of the female sex,
  followed by three, four, or six children, all in
  rags and importuning every passenger for an
  alms. 凡从这座大城市走过或是在乡间旅游
  的人，常常看到街头、路边、小屋门前，拥
  挤着许多女乞丐，身后跟着三四个、五六个
  小孩，全都衣裳褴褛，哀求过路人施舍，这
  真是一副凄惨的景象。
 Ex2. Translate the
following sentences:
There are various categories of
bag ladies: those who live on the
streets, claiming they enjoy the
freedom from constraints of
society; those who became
homeless because a relative died
or because they couldn‘t keep up
rent payments, and they didn’t
know where to go or how to
apply for relief; and quasi bag
ladies who have an anchor point -
-a sister or brother whom they
can visit once in a while to take a
bath.
   It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the
    great task remaining before us -- that from
    these honored dead we take increased
    devotion to that cause for which they gave
    the last full measure of devotion -- that we
    here highly resolve that these dead shall not
    have died in vain -- that this nation, under
    god, shall have a new birth of freedom, --
    and that government of the people, by the
    people, for the people, shall not perish from
    the earth.