The History and Status of Premium Gasoline Research and

							 The 4th Japan-China-Korea Petroleum Technology Congress 2011


The History and Status of Premium Gasoline
Research and Development in SK Energy



                              Feb. 23. 2011
                              SK Innovation
Contents

  1.   Introduction

  2.   History and Status

  3.   Properties and Engine Performance

  4.   Conclusion
SK Gasoline Family


  There are 2 grades of gasoline in Korea such as regular and premium.
Background


  The vehicles are getting bigger, heavier and more powerful; the number of premium-
  grade gasoline needed cars is increasing.
  The number of consumers who are more sensitive to quality than price is also increasing
  because of high standard of living.
                        Sales and Market Share of Imported Car




                                                  Source: Korea Automobile Importers and Distributors Association
History

     SK has sold premium gasoline since 1992, brand of it, solux, has been launched in 2005.


Service stations:
5~6 near Yongsan, Hanan-dong; the                                    Market share:
US forces in Korea and diplomats      Service Stations:              1 % of regular               Service Stations:
required                              Extended to 50.                gasoline.                    About 500

    1992                              2002. 7                        2006. 11                     2010. 10


                              2001                        2005. 10
                              Premium gasoline was        Service stations:
                              sold officially.            Extended to about 200.




                                                                   sol                   lux
                                                             Power, Premium            Luxury
                                                                (Italian)             (English)
Properties


  Premium gasoline has high octane rating; over 100, that is the distinct
  difference between regular and premium gasoline.
  By blending stocks with high octane number, aromatic content of premium
  gasoline is higher than that of regular one. But olefin contents of premium
  grade gasoline are lower than those of regular grade.
  Specific gravity of premium gasoline is higher than that of regular one.


                         Typical Properties of Regular and Premium Gasoline

                   Properties                  Regular Gasoline    Premium Gasoline

                   RON                              92~93              over 100

                   Specific Gravity 15/4 ℃          0.715                0.740

                   Aromatics, vol.%                  13.5                20.5

                   Olefins, vol.%                    16.5                 9.5

                   Benzene, vol.%                    0.5                  0.3
Difference in producing process


  To make high quality product, toluene is used as a blendstock.
  Additives are more added to premium gasoline




                                                                                      More
           =                   +                 +                 +             +
                                                                                     Additives



  solux           FCC LCN             Alkylate           MTBE          Toluene
Engine Performance – Fuel Economy


     • Test methods
       – CVS-75 (US EPA)
       – Highway Mode (US EPA)
     • Test Vehicles
       – NF SONATA 2.0 L
         (Auto Transmission)
       – Grandeur TG 3.8 L
         (Auto Transmission)
Engine Performance – Fuel Economy

    Fuel economy is improved at both vehicles by using premium gasoline.
    Test results show up to 2.3 % improvement in fuel economy at Grandeur TG and up to
    2.8 % improvement at NF SONATA.


                CVS-75 Mode                                  Highway Mode


                +0.9 %


                                                            +2.8 %


                                                                           +1.3 %
                              +2.3 %
Engine Performance – Acceleration Performance


 •   Test Method: Measure the acceleration time from 0 to 400 m with full load
 •   Test Vehicles
      – NF SONATA 2.0 L
        (Auto Transmission)
      – Grandeur TG 3.8 L
        (Auto Transmission)
Engine Performance – Acceleration Performance

       Acceleration performance is improved at both vehicles by using premium
       gasoline.
       Test results show up to 4.24 % improvement in acceleration time at Grandeur TG
       and up to 0.73 % improvement at NF SONATA.
       Luxury (Full-size) car showed the distinct difference in performance by changing
       fuel from regular gasoline to premium one.


         Acceleration Performance




                                               Regular
                                               Gasoline
Engine Performance – Power


 • Test Method: Measure the power at 2000, 3000, and 4000 RPM (Full load)
 • Engine: EF SONATA 2.0 L SOHC Engine
 • Result: Power was improved up to 3.0 % by using premium gasoline.

                   Engine Test Bed                            Power Performance
Engine Performance – Detergency


 • Test Method: Sonata IVD Test Method (SAE 1999-01-3581)
 • Engine: EF SONATA 2.0 L SOHC Engine
 • Result: Intake valve deposit was decreased; it showed strong difference in detergency
   compared with base fuel (no additized fuel).


               Intake Valve Deposit               Combustion Chamber Deposit
Conclusion


 • SK has sold premium gasoline in 1992, brand of it, solux, has been launched in 2005.
 • Now solux is sold in about 500 service stations.
 • By using solux, up to 2.85 % improvement in fuel economy, 4.24 % improvement in
   acceleration performance and 3.0 % improvement in power are shown in the test
   compared with using regular gasoline.
 • Detergency is also improved compared with no-additized fuel.
Thank you.