AT imeline Prior to 1000 A

							    Caffeine

 Drug Investigation
    Grades 9-12
By Scott Ringenwald
Drug Facts…
   Name of drug: Caffeine
   Street Name: coffee, tea, soda, and
    chocolate
   Brand Name:               Coca  Star-
                     Folgers   Cola   bucks
       Hershey’s

   Chemical Name: Methylxanthine, or
    Xanthine
Description of the Action
   Caffeine blocks adenosine reception so you
    feel alert.
   It injects adrenaline into the system to give
    you a boost.
   And it manipulates dopamine production to
    make you feel good.
History…
              People have been making
               beverages from plants since
               the Stone Ages for medical
               use as well as social
               enjoyment.
              For example Cocoa and the
               Arabica bean have been used
               as the basis for beverages for
               centuries by the indigenous
               people of Central and South
               America
Medical Use…
   Caffeine is used as an
    additional ingredient in
    headache and migraine
    medications.
   Caffeine is sometimes
    used in combination with
    an antihistamine to
    overcome the side effect of
    drowsiness .
   Citrated caffeine is used to
    treat breathing problems in
    premature babies.
    A Timeline
   Prior to 1000 A.D.: Members of the Galla tribe in Ethiopia
    notice that they get an energy boost when they eat a certain
    berry, ground up and mixed with animal fat.
   1000 A.D.: Arab traders bring coffee back to their homeland
    and cultivate the plant for the first time on plantations.
       Create a drink they call "qahwa" (literally, that which prevents
        sleep).
   1453: Coffee is introduced to Constantinople by Ottoman
    Turks.
       Turkish law makes it legal for a woman to divorce her husband if
        he fails to provide her with her daily quota of coffee.
Timeline Continued…
   1607: Captain John Smith helps to found the colony of
    Virginia at Jamestown. It's believed that he introduced coffee
    to North America.
   1773: The Boston Tea Party makes drinking coffee a patriotic
    duty in America.
   1920: Prohibition goes into effect in United States. Coffee
    sales boom.
   2003: Coffee is a giant global industry employing more than
    20 million people. More than 400 billion cups are consumed
    each year. It is a world commodity that is second only to oil.
Schedule Rating
   Federal Rating of Drug and the Addictive Rating
       It is not listed as a Scheduled drug by the FDA
       However, it can be found in over the counter pill format and
        people can form an addiction.
   Caffeine is also used as a food additive regulated by the
    Federal Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
       Food and beverage manufacturers are legally required to list
        caffeine on their products' label only when caffeine has been
        added.
       Caffeine naturally present in other ingredients used in the
        production process need not be on the label.
Physiological Effects
   Potential
    Benefits: Results in
    energy and decreased
    appetite.
   Potential
    Detriments: Can cause
    agitation, hypertension
    (leading to possible cardiac
    conditions), and anxiety.
Psychological Effects
                     Studies show there is
                      definitely a psychological
                      addiction to caffeine.
                     The mind convinces the
                      body it needs that cup of
                      caffeine every day.
                     Along with nicotine and
                      alcohol, caffeine is one of
                      the three most widely used
                      mood -affecting drugs in
                      the world.
Possible Side Effects
                     I’ve gotta cut back on the
   Diarrhea                  caffeine.

   Dizziness
   Fast Heartbeat
   Hyperglycemia
   Hypoglycemia
Possible Side Effects Continued…
                    Irritability,
                     nervousness
                    Nausea and vomiting
                    Tremors
                    Trouble in Sleeping
 The caffeine addiction quiz
           Do you answer yes to the following questions?               Yes    No
Do you use caffeine to facilitate a physical activity (waking up,
exercising, having a bowel movement, concentrating)?
Do you have to have caffeine in the morning? Can you substitute hot
water with lemon?
Do you crash or have caffeine/sugar cravings in the afternoon/early
evening?
Do you grow irritable, have headaches, feel disembodied if you miss
your caffeine fix?

Do you have difficulty falling asleep at night and waking feeling
refreshed?
Do you feel your social routines would suffer without caffeine use?

Does the idea of going without caffeine seem impossible to you?
Bibliography
   http://pol.spurious.biz/dev_zero/caffeine.html
   http://allpsych.com/drugs.html
   http://www.fda.gov
   http://science.howstuffworks.com/question531.htm
   http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/drug-information/DR602089