Renaissance

							Renaissance


Italian City-States
France
Germany and Flanders
Spain
Renaissance

 Around 1300, scholars in western
  Europe developed a new interest in
  classical writings based on the ancient
  greeks and Romans. Some scholars
  became known as humanists because
  they believed in the importance of
  people. This new way of thinking
  became known as the Renaissance.
Italian City-States

 Italy consisted of small independent city-
  states
 The most important were Florence,
  Venice, and the Papal States
 Wealthy from trade
 Leaders were interested in power, the
  arts, religion and culture
 Narrow paved streets with open sewers
 Piazza – center of Italian city life
   Art
 City-States often competed for services of
  certain painters and sculptors
 Artists studied the human body and
  experimented with light, color, and shade
 Perspective – a way of showing objects as
  tey appear at different distances
 Could be given money, a workshop,
  apprentices, or materials by the noble
  sponsoring them
Artists

 Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa
  and the Last Supper
 Michelangelo painted the ceiling of the
  Sistine Chapel
Florence

 Italian Renaissance began in Florence
 Ruled by Medici family
 Lorenzo de Medici made Florence a
  center of art and learning
 Savonarola – monk that wanted to bring
  strict Church teachings back to Florence
  – overthrew the Medici
 1498 Medici family returned to power
Papal States

 Land in central Italy ruled by the Pope
 Popes during this time acted more like
  political rulers than spiritual leaders
 1492 Rodrigo Borgia bribed cardinals to
  vote for him for Pope
 He became Alexander VI and brought
  the Renaissance to the Papal States by
  building new churches
Venice

 Ruled by the Council of Ten, headed by
  a DOGE, or official ruler.
 Rialto – business area of Venice
 Built on 117 islands and linked by canals
 Loyalty was placed above all, including
  family. People could report on neighbors
  using special boxes located throughout
  the city.
FRANCE
 1494 France began invading Italy
 French kings became fascinated by
  Italian architecture, art, and fashions.
 1500’s French nobles hired Italian
  architects to design a new type of castle
  for them - the Chateaux
Germany and Flanders

 Erasmus was a Dutchman that wrote a
  new Latin translation of the Bible. He
  attacked the Church for corrupt practices
 Johannes Gutenberg developed the
  PRINTING PRESS to spread literature
  and ideas
 Hubert and Jan Van Eyck of Flanders
  worked extensively with oil paints which
  were deep and rich in color
Spain

 Cardinal Jimenez created a new translation of
  the bible that had three columns of text: Greek,
  Latin, Hebrew
 El Escorial was a new granite palace that
  served as a royal court, art gallery, monastery,
  church, and Royal tomb
 El Greco painted figures with very long bodies
  and limbs
 The novel Don Quixote was about the
  adventures of a comical knight and his squire
England

 Two noble families fought for the throne:
 York family with a white rose symbol
 Lancaster family with a red rose symbol
 The Tudors won in 1485 after breaking away
  from the Lancaster’s side
 Poetry, music, and theater became a part of
  daily life
 William Shakespeare became a famous
  playwright and brought theater to the peasants
English Monarchs

 Henry VII made the monarchy stronger
  and built up trade
 Henry VIII broke away from the Catholic
  Church to create the Anglican Church
 Elizabeth I traveled the country
  encouraging the arts – they especially
  loved plays and poetry
Critical Thinking

 1. How did the Renaissance differ from the
  Middle Ages?
 What was the connection between trade and
  the start of the Renaissance?
 Why was Lorenzo de Medici called “the
  Magnificent”?
 If you could go back in time and talk with a
  Renaissance artist or ruler, whom would you
  choose and what questions would you ask?
  Explain your answer.