Fixed Bed Gasification of Steam Treated Food Waste

							Fixed Bed Gasification of Steam
 Treated Food Waste (FW) and
 Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW)
Abdullah Malik
University of Northumbria at Newcastle UK
Simon Carves Ltd UK
   What is Discussed
        Today?
Development of R&D Gasification Set-
up at UET Lahore
STRAP Schematics
Hybrid Gasification Process
Key Test Results
Future Work
Objectives of Gasification
Project at UET, Lahore
 To construct a gasification research and
 development pilot plant facility – 100 kg/h

 To demonstrate the utility of various fuels and
 their performance for energy conversion

 To demonstrate power generation using
 synthesis gas
     Major Stages of Project
1.   Process Design
2.   Fabrication & Procurement of Pilot Plant
     Accessories
3.   Testing & Operation
4.   Experimentation to Establishing performance
5.   Demonstration of Electrical Power Generation
6.   Development of Fuel Testing Facilities
7.   Design & Fabrication of Desktop Gasifier to Study
     the Effect of Design Innovations and Various
     Fuels
Simplified Process Flow
        Scheme
 Synthesis gas generation and clean up

              Gasifier           Scrubber     Flare


       Wood

                         Water                Clean
                                              Syngas




 Air

                                 Water
                                 Filtration



                Ash
            Facility Developed at Chemical
                      Engineering



  Downdraft
   Gasifier




   Wet                                       Blower
 Scrubber


   Water                                     Recycle
Recirculation                                 Pump
    Tank
Gasifier Reactor
Manual Ash Agitating
      Device
Intensified Spray
    Scrubber
Water Re-circulation Tank
Induced Draft Fan
    3. Testing & Operation

Cold testing
Hot testing
Instrument Calibration
Test runs
4. Experimentation to establish
         performance
                Wood.
                Coal (Charcoal).
                Shredded Tires.
                Poultry Waste + Rubber
                crumbs.
                Palletized Agriculture
                Residue.
                Rice Husk
                Lignite
                Steam Treated FW and
                MSW
          Steam Treatment Recycling and
              Power (STRAP) Process

              Steam Boiler Operates           Heat Recovery
              Using Heat Recoverd             and Exhaust
                                      8

                                                                                            Power Generation
                                                        Gasification                        System
                                                        System

Waste Fed Directly     1
                                                  Air
to Autoclave
                                                                                                  Power to export
                     Steam                                                                          4
                     Autoclave                          2                            3
                                                                                                   Clean Water
                                                                             Bio Effluent          recovered
           Recyclable Materials                                              Treatment
           Recovered                                                   Air
           Via Separation                 6
           Trommel
                                                                   7          Ash Sent to Form Part
                                                                              of Aggregate Post Conditioning
Hybrid Gasification
     Process
         HGL Gasifier Key
            Features
• Offers uniform airflow through the fuel bed when fuel
  is allowed to flow under gravity without any
  constriction.

• Hybrid gasification design has accommodated all the
  features required for a perfect gasification unit to treat
  difficult residues with variable ash composition.

• This makes it suitable for a wide variety of solid
  biomass feed stocks.
      Gasifier Zones
The gasification process can be divided
into three main zones
Fuel feeding zone – Top one third
Fuel gasification zone – Middle one
third
Ash discharge zone – Bottom one third
Syngas using FW
Square Briquettes
Density Measurements

             Absolute density   Bulk      density
             (kg/m3)            (kg/m3)



MSW*               816                452



FW*                822                535



Wood chips         836                250
            Proximate Analysis
                      As received*              Dry basis*                 Dry ash free basis*




                      MSW       FW      Wood    MSW          FW     Wood   MSW        FW         Wood




Moisture (%)          50.9       29.3   16.66     -           -      -       -          -          -




Volatile matter (%)   18.8              68.33

                                 51.1           38.2         72.4    82     71        77.8       83.67

Fixed carbon (%)       7.6              13.33

                                 14.6           15.5         20.7    16     29        22.2       16.33


Ash (%)               22.7              1.66                                 -          -          -
                                 4.9            46.3         6.9     2
         Ultimate Analysis
             MSW     FW*     Wood    Anthracite

Carbon (%)   36.35   56.65   43.43      88.9

Hydrogen     4.96    8.76    6.08       3.4
(%)
Oxygen (%)   10.13   23.54   46.29      2.3

Nitrogen     1.43    3.95    0.67       1.55
(%)
Sulfur (%)   0.83    0.19    0.43       0.81

Ash          46.3     6.9    3.11       3.04

CV (MJ/kg)   9.35    26.33   15.15     34.37
            Heavy Metal
           Concentration
Elements    Concentration   in   FW   Concentration    in   MSW
            (µg/g)*                   (µg//g)*

Mercury              <2                         2.3

Cadmium             < 0.7                       1.2

Arsenic              <1                         <1

Chromium             < 15                      < 15

Titanium            344.1                      2874

Lead                 15.4                      755.7
Ash Softening
Temperature

Food Waste – 1357 oC
MSW – 1297 oC
Typical Syn-gas
Composition from Air
Gasifiers

Component    Vol%

CO           12 to 16
H2           10 to 12
CH4          1 to 3
CO2          10 to 12
N2           40 to 50
O2           <1
H/C          ~1 to 2
     Average Gas
     Composition
            FW      MSW
CO2, vol % 7.50     8.95
H2O, vol % 1.72     2.05
CO, vol %   12.11   4.49
CH4, vol % 3.27     2.24
C2H2, vol % 1.63    1.12
C2H4, vol % 3.27    2.24
H2, vol %   13.9    6.21
N2, vol %   56.6    72.7
CV, MJ/m3 7.61      4.31
Temperature Monitoring



     Gasification zone




                         Ash Zone


                               Syngas
Demonstration of Electrical Power
          Generation
  Conclusions & Way
        Ahead
A R&D facility is developed and being used
for various MSc and PhD studies
STRAP concept is expected to be a
successful way forward – further work is
continuing
A novel gasifier to treat difficult solid residue
is developed and patent application is in
progress.
Development of commercial scale STRAP
facility is currently being pursued in UK