TOWARD INDEPENDENCE - PowerPoint

							The Road to Revolution
 Before You Learned
  The British tried to stop colonists from settling on
  the western frontier. Through the Proclamation of
  1763.

 Now You Will Learn
  Colonists saw British efforts to increase control
  over the colonies as violations of their rights.
TOWARD INDEPENDENCE

 Quartering Act: Cost saving measure that
  Britain used that required colonists to house
  soldiers in their homes and provide them
  with supplies.
 Sugar Act: Placed a tax on sugar, molasses,
  and other products shipped to the colonies.
Toward Independence
 Stamp Act: Required
  all legal and
  commercial
  documents to carry an
  official stamp showing
  that a tax had been
  paid.
What were points of conflict?

   Illegal Search                   Sugar Act in
      Warrants                         1764

                       Conflict
                          `
                        Areas


   Quartering Act in                Stamp Act in
        1765                           1765



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Colonist Begin to Protest
 Colonist merchants began a boycott of
  British goods.
 Secret societies began to form:
 Sons of Liberty - Many were lawyers,
  merchants, and craftspeople - those most
  affected by the Stamp Act.
 Parliament repealed the Stamp Act, but
  imposed the Declaration Act - This gave
  parliament supreme authority to govern the
  colonies.
More British Actions
 Townshend Acts: Placed taxes on goods
  such as glass, paper, paint, lead, and tea.
 In order to enforce the act, British officers
  use writs of assistance to enter homes or
  businesses to search for smuggled goods.
 Colonist saw the Townshend Acts as a
  serious threat to their rights and freedoms.
Tools of Protest
 To protest the Townshend Acts, colonists
  formed another boycott of British goods.
 This boycott was formed by Samuel
  Adams - Leader of the Sons of Liberty.
 Sons of Liberty pressured shopkeepers not
  to sell imported goods.
 Daughters of Liberty called on colonists to
  weave their own cloth and use American
  products.
The Boston Massacre
 On March 5, 1770, a group of youth and
  dock workers - including Crispus Attucks
  started trading insults in front of the Custom
  House. A fight broke out, and the soldiers
  began firing. Attucks and four laborers
  were killed. Crispus Attucks became the
  first man to die in the Revolutionary War.
 Sons of Liberty called the shooting the
  Boston Massacre.
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The Tea Act
 Colonist were unaware that on the day of
  the Boston Massacre, Parliament proposed a
  repeal of the Townshend Acts. This eased
  the crisis for most Americans at the time.
 In 1773, Parliament opened an old wound
  by passing the Tea Act.
 The Tea Act gave the British East India
  Company control over the American tea
  trade.
The Tea Act Continued.
 The Tea Act caused protests all over the
  colonies.
 In Charleston SC, colonist unloaded tea and
  let it rot on the docks.
 In Philadelphia, they blocked tea ships from
  landing.
 In Boston, the Sons of Liberty organized
  what is known as the Boston Tea Party.
Committees of Correspondence
 Samuel Adams urged
  Massachusetts towns
  to communicate over
  secret letters, how they
  can resist British
  policy.
 Soon many colonies
  had created similar
  correspondence.
Boston Tea Party
 December 16, 1773, a group of men
  disguised as Indians boarded three tea ships
  and destroyed 342 chests of tea.
 Many colonist rejoiced about the tea party,
  and thought it would show Britain how
  much they opposed taxation without
  representation.
Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
 British called these new laws the Coercive
  Acts, but they were so harsh that the
  colonist called them the Intolerable Acts.
 Closed the port of Boston - Until tea paid
  for.
 Allowed Britain once again to house troops
  wherever necessary.
 Let British officials accused of crimes to
  stand trial in Britain.
First Continental Congress
 In September 1774, delegates from all
  colonies except Georgia met in
  Philadelphia.
 Called for each colony to begin training
  troops.
 Voted to ban all trade with Britain until the
  Intolerable Acts ended.
 This meeting planted the seed for a future
  independent government.
1 st   Continental Congress
The Road to Lexington and
Concord
 The colonist had hoped that the trade
  boycott would cause Britain to end the
  Intolerable Acts, instead it caused tighter
  control and Britain sent more troops.
 Patrick Henry was one believed that this
  would all cause a war. He said “Give me
  Liberty or give me death.”
The Midnight Ride
 Sam Adams built a spy network to keep
  watch over British activities.
 Britain had their spies also. They learned
  that the Mass. Militia was storing arms and
  ammunitions in Concord, about 20 miles
  from Boston. He also heard that Sam
  Adams and John Hancock were in
  Lexington. Gen. Gage ordered their arrest.
The Midnight Ride
 The Sons of Liberty were prepared.
 Paul Revere and William Dawes were
  responsible to alert the colonist if the British
  were coming.
 If one lantern burned in the North Church
  steeple, the troops were coming by land; If
  two, they were coming by water.
 Revere, Dawes and Dr. Samuel Prescott
  (who joined them in Lexington) spread the
  news all the way to Concord.
Lexington
 April 19, 1775, 700 troops reached
  Lexington. They found Captain John
  Parker and about 70 militiamen waiting.
 They ordered the militia to put down their
  guns but they refused.
 No one knows who fired first, but within a
  few minutes eight militiamen were dead.
On to Concord
 After the fight in Lexington, the British marched
  to Concord and destroyed military supplies. A
  battle broke out at the north bridge, forcing the
  British to retreat.
 Nearly 4,000 Minutemen and militiamen had
  arrived in the area and lined the road between
  Concord and Lexington.
 They peppered the Redcoats with musket fire and
  forced the British back to Boston
 74 British dead, 200 wounded or missing
 49 Colonist dead, 41 wounded.
Lexington and Concord
 First battle of the War.
 Ralph Waldo Emerson later wrote that
  colonial troops had fired the “shot heard
  ‘round the world.”
 Colonist would now have to choose a side,
  those who supported Britain were called
  Loyalists, those who sided with the rebels
  were Patriots.
Supplying the Military
 After Lexington and Concord, militiamen
  from Mass. and other colonies began
  gathering - numbers reached 20,000.
 In order to gain needed supplies, Ethan
  Allen led the Green Mountain Boys in an
  attack of Britain’s Fort Ticonderoga.they
  seized the fort and large supply of artillery
  (cannon and large guns).
Second Continental Congress
 On May 10, 1775 the Second Continental
  Congress began meeting in Philadelphia.
 They agreed to form the Continental Army
  and named George Washington as the
  commanding General.
Battle of Bunker Hill
 Britain won the battle but 1,000 men were
  killed or wounded.
 Moral victory for Patriots.
 Actually fought on Breeds Hill.


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Last Hope for Peace
 In July 1775, Congress drafted the Olive
  Branch Petition. It asked George III to
  restore harmony between Britain and
  Colonists.
 King George III rejected and announced
  new measures to punish. - Blocked
  American Ports - Hired thousands of
  Hessians to fight for Britain.
Common Sense
 Written by Thomas Paine
 Made a strong case for American
  Independence.
 Called George III “the Royal Brute.”
 Sold 100,000 copies in three months.
Decision Time
 May 1776, congress passed resolution
  allowing all 13 colonies to establish its own
  government.
 June 7, Richard Henry Lee introduced a
  resolution calling for “free and independent
  states”
 Congress debated the resolution but did not
  vote. - Appointed a committee to draft a
  Declaration of Independence.
Declaration of Independence
 Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Roger
  Sherman, Robert Livingston and Thomas
  Jefferson were the appointed committee.
 Jefferson was chose to write it for two
  reasons: 1) He was a very good writer. 2)
  He was from Virginia.
 July 2, 1776 - Congress passed Lee’s
  resolution.
 July 4, 1776 - Congress signs Declaration of
  Independence.
Five Parts of the
Declaration of Independence
 Preamble - Announces the reason for doc.
 Rights of the People
 List of unfair acts of George III
 Actions taken to avoid Declaration.
 Declaration of Independence from Britain.

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