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“Sustainable Power Development
through Green Power
Technologies”
Presented By:
Power Generation
Transmission & Distribution
At a Glance
Thermal
Three Stage Indian Nuclear Power Programme
Globally Advanced Globally Unique
100
95 91 90
90 89
Technology
90 84 86 85
84 83
82
Availability
85 79
80 75
World class
75
70
65
60 performance
55
50
1997- 1998- 1999- 2000- 2001- 2002- 2003- 2004- 2005- 2006- 2007- 2008-
98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09
Stage – I Stage - II Stage - III
PHWRs Fast Breeder Reactors Thorium Based Reactors
• 17 Operating (4240 • 40 MWth FBTR - Operating
MWe) since 1985 • 30 kWth KAMINI- Operating
• 1 to start soon(220 MWe) • Technology realised
• 4– 700 MWe units under • 500 MWe PFBR- • 300 MWe AHWR-
construction (2800 Mwe)
Under Construction ready for deployment
•Several 700 MWe units
planned • Pre-project activities for two
LWRs more FBRs approved • Availability of ADS can enable
• 2 BWRs Operating • TOTAL POWER POTENTIAL early introduction of Thorium
(320MWe) on a large scale
530 Gwe (including 300 GWe with
• 2 VVERs under Thorium) ENERGY POTENTIAL IS
construction (2000 Mwe) No additional mined uranium VERY LARGE
• Several LWRs planned is needed for this scale up
The Major Contradictory Challenges
Faced by Developing world
Quest for increased Generation
capacity - Terawatt Challenge
Climate Change
- rising GHG level
Continued focus on coal based
generation
Government of India’s National Missions
National Solar Mission 2009
National Renewable Energy Mission
“A target of 10% of Renewable Energy by 2012”
National Mission on Combating Climate Change
through Green & Clean Power
National Bio-diesel Mission
National Mission of Hydro Potential Exploitation
National Mission on ‘Clean Coal Technologies’ for
Mega Power Generation
CLIMATE CHANGE CAUSED BY INCREASED GHG EMISSION
• Green House Gas level rise to a current level of 390
ppm and consequent climate change, floods and
draughts has affected 260 million people between
2000 and 2004 through natural calamities, of these,
98% were in developing nations.
• Developed countries with population of 15% of
world population have the share of CO2 emissions at
50%.
• CO2 level has risen to 390 ppm from 1975 level of
330 ppm.
• There is so much momentum in the system that
we will certainly double CO2 level by end of the
century.
• Global temperature rise by 3 to 4 0C will cause
displacement of over 330 million people in
developing world.
• China and India are projected to account
for 30% of the world’s increase in
energy consumption between 2000-2020
and 92% of increase in coal use.
• World Green House inventory is over
29,000 Million tones per annum
(MTPA) with US over 20% (India with
total emission of about 1400 MTPA is
only at 4.8 %.)
• Coal is going to remain main stay for
power generation in at least next Three
decades for India (87,093 MW Coal
based generation out of 1,63,669 MW
total power installed capacity)
Green House inventory for India for
Energy Sector (Million Tonnes of CO2)
Energy Sector CO2 CO2 equivalent
(CO2+CH4+NOX)
Total Emission 834 928
(58% of total) (64% of total)
Source: IAE: 1999
Tera-watt Challenge for synergy in Energy
& Environment
A terawatt Challenge of 2012 for India
To give over one billion people in India the minimum Electrical Energy
they need by 2012, we need to generate over 0.2 terra watt (oil
equivalent to over 3 million barrels of oil per day) and 1 TW by
2050,primarily through Advanced fossil fuel technologies like CCTs for
limiting GHG emission levels
By 2020 our mix of generation would have the Peak in
Thermal, certainly it would be the Green Thermal
Power:
Thermal 326,000MW
Renewable & Hydro 104,000 MW
Nuclear 20,000 MW
Total 450,000 MW
Energy for the Earth Planet- Non-CO2 Options
World Generates 15 Terawatt of Energy (the US -
about 3TW, India - 0.16 TW) today to support 10
billion world population. This is Equivalent to230
million barrels of oil /day.
By 2050 it is projected to need about 35 TW. The
world would need about 20 TW of non-CO2 energy
to stabilize CO2 in the atmosphere by mid
century.
Among the non-CO2 options , it is possible that
solar is the only one that can meet this Terawatt
challenge and at the same time contribute to the
reduction of climate change, with about 125,000
TW of global incident sunlight.
Can we address the following
issues by roping in renewables?
GDP growth must be sustained and lack of
energy availability should not pull it down.
Exchange crisis should not recur due to
bulging Oil import bills
Climate change is a concern and countries
with low per capita income are more
vulnerable to the effects of climate change
The answer seems to be ….yes.
10/4/2012 18
National Solar Mission-
Proposed Road Map
Segment Target Target Target
(2010-13) (2013-17) (2017-22)
Solar Collectors 7 15 20
(million sq.
meters)
Off grid Solar 200 1000 2000
applications, MW
Utility grid power 1000-2000 4000-10000 20000
including
rooftops, MW
10/4/2012 19
The National Solar Mission
The National Solar Mission is a major
initiative of the Government of India
and State Government to promote
ecologically sustainable growth while
addressing India’s energy security
challenge.
It will also constitute a major
contribution by India to the Global
efforts to meet the challenges of
Climate Change
INDIAN POWER SECTOR - TOWARDS
SUSTAINABLE POWER DEVELOPMENT
Total Installed Capacity … 1,63,669 MW
Thermal Generation … over 64 %
Although no GHG reduction targets for India
but taken steps through adoption of
Renewable Energy Technologies,Combined
cycles, Co-generation, Coal beneficiation,Plant
Performance optimization
Under Kyoto Protocol; Clean Development
Mechanism (CDM) conceived to reduce cost of
GHG mitigation, while promoting sustainable
development as per Framework Convention on
Climate change (FCCC)
FRONTALS IN ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT
GREEN ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES – PRIMARILY THE
CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGIES
ZERO EMISSION TECHNOLOGIES FOR TRANSPORT,
POWER PLANTS & INDUSTRIAL SECTOR
AFFORDABLE RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
CDM OPPORTUNITIES IN ENERGY SECTOR
Mission Energy Security and Energy independence
Climate Change – Nature’s Fury
Solar for irrigation
High Efficiency CNT Based PV Cells
Hydrogen as Fuel for future
Accelerated Program on Thorium based Nuclear
Reactor
Clean coal Technologies like SCR, IGCC
Bio-fuels for Railways and Mass Transport
Energy Security by 2020, Energy Independence
by2030
….Reference: Address by President of India 14th Aug 2005
Green Energy solutions
Promote CCT in countries like India & China
where coal is main stay fuel for Power
Generation.
Increased use of Advanced Fossil Fuel
Technology
Energy Farming
Energy Efficiency
Major shift towards Green Technologies
Adoption of Renewable Energy Technologies in
Rural Sector
Impact Green Projects at RGTU
CO2 Capture, Sequestration and Production of
Multi-purpose fuels – Hydrogen, Methane and
Biodiesel through Algae route
Production of CNG from Coal–gasification route
Solar, Wind & Biomass Hybrid System
60 kW Solar-Wind Hybrid system at Hill top of
RGTU
High yield Jatropha plantation and Bio-diesel
production using indigenously designed Bio-diesel
reactors
CO2 Sequestration Pilot Plant installed under the DST Project
THE ROAD MAP
Government of India has declared its policy on
CO2 abatement by the announcement and
adoption of the ‘National Action Plan on
Climate Change’.
It has also made voluntary commitment at the
Copenhagen Summit that the Country shall
decrease its Carbon Intensity by 20% by 2020
and 50% by 2050.
The bulk of CO2 is emitted by the Thermal
Plants in the Power Sector. For EPA
regulations to be implemented there have to
be a road map as to how this can be done
without major impact on the cost or efficiency
of the Thermal Plants
Solution lies in…
The thermal plants in India have a thermal
efficiency of 35% and an emission ratio of
0.90Kg/kWh of CO2 emissions as published
by CEA. The reduction of 20% intensity
would translate to a decrease of
0.20Kg/kWh of CO2 emissions i.e. below
0.70Kg/kWh CO2 emissions by 2020.
This decrease is possible by a combination of
abatement and recycling measures. The CO2
reduction by an Amine system of 30% CO2
capture would mean a decrease of Thermal
Efficiency by 2%
Application Potential:
Long Term
• Deployment of the Technology to Actual Power Plants of NTPC
through BHEL / TOSHIBA or any other major player
Immediate
• Green Energy Technology Centre (GETC) being set-up for Teaching
& Research (M. Tech & PhD)
Future action plan:
Efforts are underway to extend the scope of the process by
incorporation a Coal gasifier and recycling of carbon through
collaborative research and Distributive Research Initiatives (DRI) with
Research Organizations and Power Industries.
Carbon Capture & Sequestration
• India’s position with regard to Carbon
Capture & Storage (CCS) is very clear. We
don’t make any commitment at this stage
regarding deployment of CCS technologies.
India advocates very strongly the Carbon
Capture & Sequestration.
• Some of the demo pilot projects include.
-Pilot project on Geological CO2
sequestration in basalt rock formation.
The question of adoption of CCS will depend
on this technology being cost effective.
-Projects under DST sponsored National
Program on Carbon Sequestration
(NPCS)
CO2 mitigation Options: Case of Electricity
Sector
Coal: Dominates the electricity sector today
Fuel switching (Coal NG)
Conventional Plants + Carbon Capture &
Sequestration (CCS)
(Post –Combustion CO2 Capture)
Gasification/ Reforming + CCS
(Pre-Combustion CO2 Capture)
Oxyfuel Combustion + CCS
200
$ per tonne CO2
150
CO2 Capture/Sequestration
avoided
100
50
00 500 1000 1500 2000
200
$ per tonne CO2
150
avoided
Nuclear
100
50
00 500 1000 1500 2000
200
$ per tonne CO2
Renewable
150
avoided
100
50
00 500 1000 1500 2000
Million tones CO2
Figure: Comparison of CO2 capture & Sequestration Technologies
with other leading mid-to long-term option
Issues before the house
Promotion of Clean Coal Technologies
Technology break thoughts in the areas like CO2
capture and Clean Coal Technologies
Development of low cost solar photo voltaic cells
Bringing Energy Efficiency & Energy Conservation
on the top of the National Agenda
Promotion of Carbon Trading on the strength of
Energy Efficiency and Green Environment
initiatives.
Base line methodologies for variety of Clean and
Green Technologies need to be redefined.
