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Cellular Respiration & Exercise
Name: ____________________________
HASPI Medical Biology Lab 03
Period: ___________ Date: ___________
Background
Respiration and Carbon Dioxide Production
All parts of your body need energy to do their work. For
example, muscles need energy to contract, and your body
requires energy to synthesize needed molecules. Your
body gets the energy it needs by combining food molecules
with oxygen in a process called cellular respiration. The
sugar glucose is combined with oxygen to release
carbon dioxide, water, and ATP. ATP is the energy your
body can use. This is shown in the following chemical
reaction.
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP
You know that a fire needs fuel and oxygen from the air to
keep burning. Similarly, your muscles and other parts of your
body need to have a continuous supply of glucose (or other
high-energy molecules) and oxygen to make ATP, or energy,
for muscle contractions and other body functions.
When your body breaks down glucose, carbon dioxide is
produced. Too much carbon dioxide can result in damage to
muscles or other body parts, so there must be some way to
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get rid of this carbon dioxide. When you inhale, this brings
fresh air with high oxygen levels into your lungs. When you exhale, this moves stale air with high
carbon dioxide levels out of your lungs.
Anaerobic vs. Aerobic Exercise
Aerobic and anaerobic are most simply defined as the presence
Aerobic and absence of oxygen. In aerobic exercise the main source of
oxygen is from the lungs. Exercise is over a long enough period
of time that the oxygen from the lungs is supplying the muscles. In
anaerobic exercise, the oxygen from the lungs does not have the
time to reach the muscles, and the body must create some of its
energy without oxygen.
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content/uploads/2011/07/runner1.jpg
Most of our cells prefer to get energy by using oxygen to
create that energy. During aerobic exercise, with adequate fuel
and oxygen, muscle cells can contract repeatedly without fatigue.
During anaerobic exercise, muscle cells must rely on other
chemical reactions that do not require oxygen for muscle
contraction. Anaerobic metabolism in the cells produces waste that
can impair muscle contractions. This causes a deterioration in
performance called fatigue.
Anaerobic
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content/uploads/2011/01/weight-lifting-exercises.jpg
81
Name: ________________________________________ Date: ___________ Period: ___________
Fatigue causes you to experience added discomfort and weakening muscles. Eventually you will
need to slow down and lower your exercise intensity. Slowing down allows the muscles to once
again rely solely on aerobic metabolism and support the removal, or chemical conversion of waste
molecules.
The Pulse
Your pulse is your heart rate, or the number of times your heart beats in one minute. Pulse rates vary
from person to person. Your pulse is lower when you are at rest and increases when you exercise
(because more oxygen-rich blood is needed by the body when you exercise).
How to take your pulse
1. Place the tips of your index, second, and third fingers
on the palm side of your other wrist, below the base of
the thumb. You may also place the tips of your index
and second fingers on your lower neck, on either side
of your windpipe (see the illustrations).
2. Press lightly with your fingers until you feel the blood
pulsing beneath your fingers. You might need to move
your fingers around slightly up or down until you feel
the pulsing.
3. Use a watch with a second hand, or look at a clock with
a second hand.
4. Count the beats you feel for 10 seconds. Multiply this
number by six to get your heart rate (pulse) per minute.
Check your pulse: ____________ x 6 = ____________
(beats in 10 seconds) (your pulse)
Age Normal Heart Rate
Group at Rest
Children (ages 6-15) 70-100 beats per
minute (BPM)
Adults (age 18 and 60-100 beats per
over) minute (BPM)
www.clevelandclinic.org/health/
Health Information. 2011. Your Pulse and Your Target Heart Rate. Cleveland Clinic Foundation.
www.clevelandclinic.org/health/
Waldron, I. and Doherty, J. 2005. Breathing and Holding Your Breath. Department of Biology,
University of Pennsylvania. http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/sci_edu/waldron/
Adapted from Cellular Respiration and Exercise Lab by Joel Vexler, Valley Center High School, 2011 82
Name: ________________________________________ Date: ___________ Period: ___________
Materials
3 mL Phenolphthalein solution Straws 2 Plastic pipettes
8 mL Sodium hydroxide solution 2 Small beakers 2 Flasks
2 Graduated cylinder Paper towels Rubber stopper
200 mL Water Timer
Procedure
Purpose: The goal of this lab will be to observe how exercise affects the amount of carbon dioxide
produced, and therefore cellular respiration that is occurring.
Lab Preparation
1. Label each plastic pipette – one with a “P” for the phenolphthalein, and one with a “S” for
sodium hydroxide.
2. Label each small beaker – one with a “P” for the phenolphthalein, and one with a “S” for
sodium hydroxide.
3. Label each graduated cylinder - one with a “P” for the phenolphthalein, and one with a “S” for
sodium hydroxide.
4. Label each flask – one as the control, and the other as the variable.
5. Measure out and pour 100 mL of water into each flask.
6. Using the “P” graduated cylinder, measure out 3 mL of phenolphthalein solution into your
small beaker labeled “P”.
7. Using the “S” graduated cylinder, measure out 8 mL of sodium hydroxide solution into the
small beaker labeled “S”.
8. Using the “P” plastic pipette add 5 drops of phenolphthalein solution to each flask.
9. Using the “S” plastic pipette add 10 drops of sodium hydroxide solution to each flask. Put the
rubber stopper on the control flask.
Part A – Carbon Dioxide Production Before Exercise
1. Take your resting pulse rate (see “The Pulse” in the Background section).
2. Record your resting pulse rate (before exercise) in Data Table 1.
3. Using the straw, breathe into the variable flask for 30 seconds. MAKE SURE TO REMOVE
YOUR MOUTH FROM THE STRAW WHEN YOU NEED TO TAKE A BREATH!!!
4. Notice that the color changes from pink to clear.
5. Using the “S” plastic pipette, add sodium hydroxide solution one drop at a time to the variable
flask. COUNT each drop. Continue to add sodium hydroxide solution until the pink color of
the variable flask matches the color of the control flask. Record the number of drops it took in
Data Table 1 for “Before Exercise”.
Part B – Carbon Dioxide Production After Aerobic Exercise
1. Run in place or complete step-ups on a stable chair for 3 minutes.
2. After 3 minutes, take your pulse rate (see “The Pulse” in the Background Section).
3. Record your pulse rate for “Aerobic Exercise” in Data Table 1.
4. Within 30 seconds of stopping exercise, breathe into the variable flask using the straw for 30
seconds. MAKE SURE TO REMOVE YOUR MOUTH FROM THE STRAW WHEN YOU NEED
TO TAKE A BREATH!!! If you did not breathe into the straw within 30 seconds of stopping
exercise, repeat the 3 minutes of exercise.
5. Using the “S” plastic pipette add sodium hydroxide solution one drop at a time to the variable
flask. COUNT each drop. Continue to add sodium hydroxide solution until the pink color of
the variable flask matches the color of the control flask. Record the number of drops it took in
Data Table 1 for “Aerobic Exercise”.
Adapted from Cellular Respiration and Exercise Lab by Joel Vexler, Valley Center High School, 2011 83
Name: ________________________________________ Date: ___________ Period: ___________
Part C – Carbon Dioxide Production After Anaerobic Exercise
1. Place a textbook in each hand. Hold each textbook out to the sides of your body for one
minute or as long as you can.
2. Immediately take your pulse rate (see “The Pulse” in the Background Section).
3. Record your pulse rate for “Anaerobic Exercise” in Data Table 1.
4. Within 30 seconds of stopping exercise, breathe into the variable flask using the straw for 30
seconds. MAKE SURE TO REMOVE YOUR MOUTH FROM THE STRAW WHEN YOU NEED
TO TAKE A BREATH!!! If you did not breathe into the straw within 30 seconds of stopping
exercise, repeat the exercise.
5. Using the “S” plastic pipette add sodium hydroxide solution one drop at a time to the variable
flask. COUNT each drop. Continue to add sodium hydroxide solution until the pink color of
the variable flask matches the color of the control flask. Record the number of drops it took in
Data Table 1 for “Anaerobic Exercise”.
If you have time and your teacher instructs you to do so, repeat Parts A-C for each member of your
group. Return any of your extra phenolphthalein solution and sodium hydroxide solution to the
original bottle you obtained them from.
Analysis
Data Table 1
Drops Pulse
of NaOH Rate
Before
Exercise
Aerobic
Exercise
Anaerobic
Exercise
Analysis Questions - on a separate sheet of paper complete the following
1. Is there a relationship between pulse rate and carbon dioxide production? Use your
results to explain your answer.
2. Why do you need to add more drops of sodium hydroxide after exercise to
turn the solution back to the control color (pink)?
3. What type of respiration were you performing in Part B: anaerobic or aerobic?
4. What was the purpose of covering the control with a rubber stopper?
5. In what organelle is the carbon dioxide you breathe out produced?
6. CONCLUSION: In 1-2 paragraphs summarize the procedure and results of this lab.
Adapted from Cellular Respiration and Exercise Lab by Joel Vexler, Valley Center High School, 2011 84
Name: ________________________________________ Date: ___________ Period: ___________
Review Questions - on a separate sheet of paper complete the following
1. What is cellular respiration?
2. What is the chemical reaction for cellular respiration?
3. What is needed for cellular respiration? What is produced in cellular respiration?
4. Why is it important to remove carbon dioxide from the body?
5. How is oxygen brought into the body? How is carbon dioxide removed from the body?
6. What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic exercise?
7. Give 2 examples of aerobic exercise.
8. Give 2 examples of anaerobic exercise.
9. What is fatigue?
10. Why does the pulse rate increase during exercise?
11. What is your resting heart rate?
12. What is the normal range of resting heart rate for your age category?
13. Research and discuss in a minimum of two paragraphs why exercise is important for
overall health.
Adapted from Cellular Respiration and Exercise Lab by Joel Vexler, Valley Center High School, 2011 85
Name: ________________________________________ Date: ___________ Period: ___________
Adapted from Cellular Respiration and Exercise Lab by Joel Vexler, Valley Center High School, 2011 86
