Management Information Systems - PowerPoint 1

							Management Information Systems


Islamia University of Bahawalpur



Delivered by:
           Tasawar Javed
Management Information Systems

   History of Information Systems
       It includes:
           How H/W has evolved and how it has been applied over
            time
           First general purpose Digital Computer was installed in a
            business organization
           Great increase in speed
           Dramatic reduction in Size
           Evolved from relatively straightforward accounting
            process to system Designed to support Managers and
            other problem solvers
Management Information Systems

   Why Information Systems?
       It includes:
           The competitive business environment
        Three powerful changes have altered the environment of
            business.
        1st: The Emergence & Strengthening of the global economy
        2nd: Transformation of industrial economies and societies
            into knowledge and in-formation based service
            economies
        3rd: Transformation of the business enterprise
Why Information Systems
   First Change: The Emergence &
    Strengthening of the global economy
        Growing % of economy in the world depends on import
         and exports. Foreign trade plays a vital role in the
         economy of the country.
        Globalization:
            Management & control in a global marketplace
            Competition in world markets
            Global work groups
            Global delivery systems
Why Information Systems

   Second Change: Transformation of industrial
    Economies
        Knowledge and information based economies
        Productivity
        New products and services
        Leadership
        Time based competition
        Shorter product life cycle
        Turbulent environment
        Limited employee knowledge base
Why Information Systems

   Third Change: Transformation of the
    enterprise
        Flattening
        Decentralization
        Flexibility
        Location independence
        Low transaction and coordination costs
        Empowerment
        Collaborative work and teamwork
Why Information Systems

 How IT can transform organizations
Global Networks
International division of labour: the operations of a firm are no longer
   determined by location, the global reach of firms is extended; costs
   of global coordination decline. Transaction costs decline

Enterprise Networks
    collaborative work & teamwork, across divisional boundaries,
    business process changed

Distributed computing
    empowerment: Management cost decline, individual have
    knowledge and information to act
Why Information Systems

How IT can transform organizations
Portable Computing
Virtual organizations: work is not tied to specific location, knowledge
   and info can be delivered to anywhere in minimum time, work
   becomes portable

GUI
    Accessibility: everyone in organization can access the info, work
    flows can be automated, organizational cost decline as work flows
    move from paper to digital images, documents & Voice
Management Information Systems

   Evolution in Computer H/W
       ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator & Calculator)
           Developed in 1946 by John & Presper
       UNIVAC (universal automatic computer)
         Installed in 1951, in US census Bureau
         GE; installed same machine 3 years later
        These early computer called ‘Mainframes’

        IBM revolutionized the computer industry
         Introduced IBM/system/360 line
         More than one user appears to be working on the computer at
           same time; refers as ‘Multitasking’
         Old computer were much more slower than current computers
Management Information Systems




             UNIVAC computer
Management Information Systems

   Smaller computers
       Minicomputers
       Then Microcomputers or Micro

       Apple and Tandy Corporation were pioneers in
        the Microcomputer Market…….
Management Information Systems

   Moore’s Law
       Processor speed has increased in number of years, after
        IBM introduced microcomputer
       Gordon Moore gave Moore’s law; one of the founder of
        Intel, in 1960s
       It stated “storage density of integrated circuits on a silicon
        chip doubled about every year”
       After that pace slowed down and now it doubles every year
        and half (18 months)
       If you purchase a computer 15 years from today, it would
        be 1024 times as powerful, yet cost the same as today’s
        model
The Evolution in Computer Applications

   IS are virtual system that enable management to control the
    operations of the physical system of the firm
   Physical System
       Of the firms consists of tangible resources such as: materials, personnel,
        machines and money
   Virtual System
       Consist of the information resources that are used to represent the
        physical system; for example an inventory storeroom containing
        inventory items is a physical system and the computer based inventory
        master file is a virtual system that represents the physical system.
The Evolution in Computer Applications

   Open system
       That interacts with its environment by means of
        physical resources flows. An Information System
        is also an open system
   Closed system
       System that doesn’t communicate with its
        environment. Closed system would not interact
        with customers, managers, or anyone else
    The Evolution in Computer Applications

   Transaction Processing Systems
   Management Information Systems
   Virtual Office Systems
   Decision Support Systems
   Enterprise Resource Planning Systems