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Document Sample
Hydro Development -
The Challenges and Response
R.V. SHAHI
ICOLD Conference
SECRETARY
Montreal (Canada)
MINISTRY OF POWER
June 20, 2003
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
1
Share in generation - Global scenario
1973 2000
Nuclear
Gas Hydro Gas Nuclear
3.3%
12.1% 21.0% Oil 17.4% 16.9%
7.9%
Oil
Others **
24.7% Hydro
0.7%
17.1%
Others **
Coal 1.6%
Coal 39.1%
38.2%
6,121 TWh 15,379 TWh
** Other includes geothermal, solar, wind, combustible renewables & waste
• Hydro share has reduced from 21% to 17.1%
• Nuclear share increase significant from 3.3% to 16.9%
2
Hydro Potential - Global Scenario
Only 18% of hydro potential utilised in India
310000
Potential (MW)
Installed capacity (MW)
% Potential utilized
58%
170000
160000
150000
41%
31%
18%
65678
56000
52427
18%
47000
27360
27010
Norway Canada Brazil China India
3
Power Supply position in India
Power Shortages (%) Peak Shortages (%)
20.5
18.0
13.0 12.2
11.5
7.8 8.8
7.3
1992-93 1996-97 2000-01 2002-03
4
Hydro development : Rationale
54% 60%
71% 75%
Fuel
Mix
46% 40%
29% 25%
'70 '80 '90 2003
Years
Hydro Thermal + Others
5
Thrust on hydro
Consistent shortages caused emphasis on short lead projects
• Increase in thermal proportion
- Abundant coal reserves / shorter project lead /
lesser R&R problems
• Still shorter lead of gas projects caused emphasis off the longer
lead hydro projects
• Nuclear also developed as reliable mode of thermal generation
6
Contd…...
Thrust on hydro Contd…...
Despite best efforts during planning stage, the hydro
development constrained due to longer gestation construction
period
• environmental constraints
• rehabilitation & resettlement problems
• inadequate investigations :
- geological / hydrological surprises
7
Contd…...
Thrust on hydro Contd…...
Turnaround now in hydro development
• Government of India committed quantum jump in financial
allocations
• Varied facilitating measures undertaken
# Added during last twenty years - 13,666 MW
To add during five years (2002-07) - 14,393 MW
8
Contd…...
Thrust on hydro Contd…...
Hydro the preferred source
• Clean power - no pollution ramifications during operation
• Most cost effective option, free from inflation linked to fuel
consumption
• Effective tool for load management - to counter large variations
between peak and off peak requirements and frequency variations
• Supports and supplements socio economic development of the
region
- hydro potential mostly in areas which need substantial support
for economic development
• Integrated solution for power, drinking water and irrigation
9
Initiatives on hydro development
Policy on hydro development by Government of India :
Ensuring higher capacity addition through :
• Enhanced Central Sector outlay
• Advance Action plan for next ten years
Exploitation of untapped hydroelectric potential
• Ranking Studies
• Basin wise Action Plan
• Preparation of feasibility studies and DPRs
- 50,000 MW hydro initiative
10
Contd...
Contd…...
Promoting small and mini hydel projects
• 25 MW and below fall under ‘non conventional’ category -
qualify for benefits
Tariff dispensation
• Rationalization of hydro tariff by allowing premium on sale rate
during peak period
• CERC has approved 5% hydro development surcharge on
annual fixed charges for Central hydro stations
11
Contd...
Contd…...
Facilitating and expediting measures undertaken
• Three stage clearance procedure for Central Sector/ Joint
ventures
• Simplified clearances further liberalized by Electricity Act, 2003
• Resolution of inter State issues on sharing of water and power
• Support for land acquisition, R&R, Catchment Area Treatment
• Emphasis on quality of Survey and Investigations
• Renovation, Modernization & Uprating of existing stations
12
Hydro development - the process
Potential
assessed 150,000 MW
(845 Schemes)
Ranking Study
of unharnessed
R anking St ud y 107,000 MW
399 schemes
Hydro Initiative
(162 schemes) 50,000 MW
13
50,000 MW Hydroelectric Initiative
162 schemes identified with installed capacity of
50,560 MW located in sixteen States
Initiative launched in May 2003
Consultants identified to undertake Feasibility Studies
• Preparation of Preliminary
Feasibility Reports - Dec.’03 - Sep.’04
14
Contd...
50,000 MW Hydroelectric …….. Contd…...
Detailed Project Reports - Jan.’04 - Jan.’06
for promising projects, depending on PFRs results
• DPR preparation also through reputed International
Consultants
• Process of selection of Consultants for DPR of large
projects through ICB
Clearances / sanctions - Sep.’04 - Jul. ‘06
Implementation - 2007 - 2017
15
Major Challenges and Response
Environment protection
Comprehensive legislation in place with well laid out principles
and guidelines
Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) studies carried out to
evaluate pre and post construction scenarios
Minimum use of forest area and close monitoring to ensure
efficient implementation of EMPs
• Plan to create Forest Banks for compensatory afforestation
16
Contd...
Contd…...
Rehabilitation and resettlement
Lessons learnt from past - greater synthesis now between project
developers, affected persons and authorities
A national R&R policy being contemplated
In parallel Ministry of Power has stepped up coordinated efforts
with local / state authorities
• Project specific monitoring mechanism put in place to ensure
implementation of R&R plans
17
Contd...
Contd…...
Safety of Dams
Built up considerable knowledge base from global experience
A few Institutions in the country have also geared up - hardware/
software
Experts of repute from across the countries consulted for studies
and guidance
Reliability of Investigations
Technological / procedural improvements in
Survey & Investigations
• State of Art equipment / technology
• Consultation with Experts - a continuous process
18
Contd...
Contd…...
Multiple agencies’ clearances
The players :
M/o • Power
• Environment & Forest
• Water Resources / Central Water Commission
Continuous process of improvement
Procedures streamlined
Speedy clearances
System of regular Inter Ministerial reviews in force
19
Contd...
Contd…...
Compressing Construction cycle
Construction management
• Construction lead reduced - 4 to 5 years
• Clearance / approval period reduced by 18 to 24 months with
Three stage clearance procedure
Construction technology
• Choice of technology
- mitigate the geological / hydrological surprises
- faster implementation
20
Contd...
Contd…...
Communication
Consensus arrived through regular consultation process
• Political consensus
• Public awareness
• Media support
21
Contd...
Opportunities in Indian hydroelectric sector
Hydro Capacity addition target :
2002-07 - 14,000 MW
2007-17 - 50,000 MW
Detailed investigations and preparation of DPRs
EPC contracts for development of projects
Package contracts in other projects
Investment as equity partner / J.V. opportunities
Funding for the project
22
Major concern, so long, of the investors
- Poor financial health and creditworthiness of the Sector :
Distribution Reforms, the key confidence indicator
Electricity Act, 2003 notified and A.P.D.R.P. scheme
introduced by Government of India :
Distribution business to become commercially viable within
next 3 to 5 years
Competitive Environment, Power Trading
Hydro as inexpensive power more viable
23
Thank you
Ministry of Power
Website
http://powermin.nic.in
24
