Incident Management and the NIMS

							  Risk Management Lessons
from Outside the United States
        Session 6 Slide Deck




                Session 6      Slide 6-1
        Session Objectives
6.1   Consider how a National Risk Management
      Standard Led to an International Standard

6.2   Discuss the ADPC Community-Based Risk
      Reduction Process

6.3   Discuss Various Risk Assessment
      Techniques Utilized by UN-HABITAT


                     Session 6              Slide 6-2
   Australia and New Zealand
• Similar in terms of:
  –   Geography
  –   Social makeup
  –   Political frameworks
  –   Agendas (public, policy)
• Collaborate on risk management efforts


                        Session 6          Slide 6-3
Risk Management: Australia

 A systematic process that produces a
range of measures that contribute to the
  well-being of communities and the
            environment.




                   Session 6               Slide 6-4
Risk Management: New Zealand
    The process of considering the social,
economic and political factors involved in risk
   analysis; determining the acceptability of
  damage and/or disruption that could result
from an event; and then deciding what actions
should be taken to minimize likely damage or
                  disruption.

                     Session 6             Slide 6-5
             AS/NZS 4360
• 1993: New South Wales Government Risk
  Management Guidelines
• Joint Standards Australia and Standards
  New Zealand Technical Committee
  – AS/NZS 4360:1995
  – AS/NZS 4360:2004
     • Communication
     • Review/Improve
                        Session 6      Slide 6-6
   AS/NZS RM Methodology
• Risk management:
  – “a process that identifies the level of tolerance a
    group has for a specific risk”
  – used to decide “what to do where risk has been
    determined to exist”
• At the center is Communication
  – A ‘two-way process”

                        Session 6                 Slide 6-7
    AS/NZS Risk Communication
• Acknowledge presence of multiple potential stakeholders
• Identify key stakeholders
• Identify the issues and commence consultation process
• Begin stakeholder analysis and refine through dialogue
• Establish representation group of technical and stakeholder
  groups
• Assess stakeholder acceptance of risk including
  implications of treating or not treating risk/s
• Establish stakeholder acceptability criteria
• Develop risk communication strategy


                           Session 6                    Slide 6-8
         AS/NZS RM Process
•   Establish the Context
•   Identify Risks
•   Analyze Risks
•   Assess and Prioritize Risks
•   Treat Risks
•   Risk Acceptance

                       Session 6   Slide 6-9
           Establish the Context
• Establishes the strategic, organizational and risk
  management contexts in which the process will take
  place
• Criteria against which risk measured are established
• Structure of analysis defined
• Involves the following steps:
   –   Define the problem
   –   Identify stakeholders
   –   Developing risk evaluation criteria
   –   Defining key elements

                             Session 6         Slide 6-10
            Identify Risks
• Identify what, why and how things can arise
  as the basis of further analysis
• Characteristics and interaction of the
  hazards, the community, and the
  environment that form the basis of the
  problem to be solved
• Hazard analysis
• Vulnerability analysis
                    Session 6           Slide 6-11
             Analyze Risks
• How likely is the event to happen and what
  are the potential consequences and their
  magnitude
  – Determine risk controls
  – Analyze likelihood
  – Analyze consequence



                      Session 6         Slide 6-12
    Assess and Prioritize Risk
• Risk assessment = “the method used to
  define the likelihood of harm (probability x
  consequence) coming to an individual,
  group, or community or the occurrence of
  an event as a result of exposure to a
  sustenance or a situation.”
• Risks ranked to identify management
  priorities
                     Session 6            Slide 6-13
              Treat Risks
• Accept and monitor low-priority risks
• For other risks develop and implement a
  specific management plan that includes
  consideration of funding
• In emergency management, this is typically
  referred to as mitigation


                    Session 6           Slide 6-14
          Risk Acceptance
• Develop public awareness programs
• Evaluate implementation process




                   Session 6          Slide 6-15
          ISO 31000:2009
• International Organisation for
  Standardisation
• Supported by Australia and New Zealand
• First international risk management
  standard
• Similar to AS/NZS 4360:2004


                   Session 6          Slide 6-16
ISO 31000:2009 Diagram




         Session 6       Slide 6-17
       AS/NZS / ISO Differences
• Principles of Risk Management
   –   Risk management creates and protects value
   –   Risk management is an integral part of all organizational processes
   –   Risk management is part of decision making
   –   Risk management explicitly addresses uncertainty
   –   Risk management is systematic, structured, and timely
   –   Risk management is based on the best available information
   –   Risk management is tailored
   –   Others
• Defines risk to be “the effect of uncertainty on objectives”
• Provides guidance on how RM might exist within the
  organization or agency performing it
                                  Session 6                        Slide 6-18
                  ADPC
• Asian Disaster Preparedness Center
• Regional emergency management technical
  assistance and training resource center
• Created in response to an expressed need to
  assist countries in the region with
  formulating policies and developing
  capabilities in all aspects of disaster
  management
                    Session 6            Slide 6-19
       Community-Based DM
• Top-down RM resulted in ‘poorer outcomes’
• Vulnerable communities most negatively
  affected
• Must involve vulnerable people themselves
• Communities feel they are the best judges of
  their own vulnerability
• Aim: reduce vulnerabilities and strengthen
  people’s capacity to cope with hazards
                     Session 6            Slide 6-20
     Participatory Approach
• Local participatory method works well
  because the community members are not
  only the primary drivers in the process, but
  also the beneficiaries
• Community participation vs. community
  involvement


                     Session 6            Slide 6-21
             Essential Features
• The community has a central role in long term and short
  term disaster management
• Disaster risk or vulnerability reduction is the foundation of
  CBDM
• Risk management is linked to the development process
• Community as a key resource in disaster risk reduction
• Application of multi-sectoral and multi-disciplinary
  approaches
• CBDM as an involving and dynamic framework

                            Session 6                    Slide 6-22
Tools and Methods




       Session 6    Slide 6-23
               Strategies
• Self insurance
• Conducting seasonally based action
• Encouraging long-term investments
• Strengthening social and organizational
  support structures
• Making health and sanitation services
  available at the community level
• Conducting advocacy and campaigns
                    Session 6               Slide 6-24
           The ADPC Process
• Foundation is Disaster Risk Reduction
• Six sequential stages
  –   Initiating the disaster risk reduction process
  –   Community Profiling
  –   Risk Assessment
  –   Formulation of Disaster Risk Reduction Plan
  –   Implementation and Monitoring
  –   Evaluation and Feedback
                         Session 6               Slide 6-25
                UN-HABITAT
• Mandated by the UN General Assembly to promote
  socially and environmentally sustainable towns and cities
  with the goal of providing adequate shelter for all
• To help policy-makers and local communities get to grips
  with the human settlements and urban issues and find
  workable, lasting solutions
• Assessing the Risk of habitats and settlements is central to
  the UN-HABITAT Disaster and Risk Management
  function.


                            Session 6                    Slide 6-26
     UN-HABITAT Techniques
•   Access Model
•   Computer Assisted Techniques
•   Disaster Risk Indexing
•   Event Tree Analysis
•   Failure Modes and Effects Analysis
•   Fault Tree Analysis
•   Historical Analysis
•   Impact Analysis
•   Participatory Analysis
•   Pressure and Release Model
•   Remote Sensing
•   Social Survey
                            Session 6    Slide 6-27