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World History
Review
Renaissance
&
Reformation
What are manmade objects used to
learn about past cultures?
Artifacts
What is a firsthand account of an
event in history?
Primary Source
What is an interpretation of an
event in history?
Secondary Source
How does one “do” history?
Interpreting Primary Sources
What is the French word for
“rebirth”?
Renaissance
Where did the Renaissance
begin?
Northern Italy
What was the purpose of art
during the Middle Ages?
Glorify God
Who wrote the Divine Comedy?
Dante
What has been called, “knowledge
that all educated people should
have?”
Humanities
The ideal Renaissance woman differed
from the ideal Renaissance man in that
she was to be ___.
Humble
What wealthy family controlled the
politics of Florence?
Medici
Who wrote The Prince?
Machiavelli
Who was the greatest patron of
the arts during the Renaissance?
The Church
Who wrote The Praise of Folly?
Erasmus
Who wrote Utopia?
Sir Thomas More
What did the Hanseatic League
control in Northern Europe?
Trade
What English playwright is said to have
had a deep understanding of human
nature?
Shakespeare
What was the famous theater in
London where Shakespeare’s
play were often performed?
The Globe
What was the religious revolution
that split the Christian Church in
Europe?
The Reformation
Sir Thomas More and Erasmus were part
of what group that set high standards of
behavior and education?
Christian Humanists
Who first translated the Bible into
English?
John Wycliffe
In what profession was Martin
Luther trained?
Law
What was the answer to Martin
Luther’s burning question?
Faith Alone
What did Martin Luther consider to
be the final authority for Christian
life?
The Bible
What priesthood did Martin Luther
advocate?
All Believers
What were the pardons from
purgatory sold by the Catholic
Church?
Indulgences
Where did Martin Luther post his
95 Theses?
Wittenburg Church Door
What is the term for the denial of
sacraments to a person by the
Roman Catholic Church?
Excommunication
In what decree did Charles V
banish Martin Luther?
Edict of Worms
Into what language did Martin
Luther translate the Bible?
German
Whose side did Martin Luther take
in the uprising of the German
peasants?
Upper Classes’
What did the princes loyal to
Martin Luther come to be called?
Protestants
What two sacraments did the
Lutheran Church keep?
Baptism & Communion
What is the Calvinist belief that
the events of our lives are
predetermined?
Predestination
What is the doctrine that says the
choices we make determine our
destiny?
Free-Will
Who were the fixed number of the
saved in Calvinist belief?
The Elect
What is a government controlled
by religious leaders?
Theocracy
Who started the Anglican Church?
King Henry VIII
Who was Henry VIII’s second
wife?
Anne Boleyn
What church did John Knox start
in Scotland?
Presbyterian Church
What did the Anabaptists practice
that gave them their name?
Believers’ Baptism
What was the reformation of the
Catholic Church?
Counter-Reformation
At what conference did the Catholic
Church reaffirm its doctrine and institute
many reforms?
Council of Trent
What group founded by Ignatius Loyola focused
on educating the clergy, converting non-
Christians to Catholicism, and stopping the
spread of Protestantism?
The Jesuits
What arm of the Church fought
against free-thought and persecuted
people for heresy?
The Inquisition
What was the list of books that the
Catholic Church told people reading
would result in the loss of their souls?
Index of Forbidden Books
What was the ousting of Muslims
from Spain called?
La Reconquista
At what conference was it decided that
the individual German princes could
decide if their principalities would be
Catholic or Lutheran?
Peace of Augsburg
Who said, “Paris is well worth a Mass?”
King Henry IV
Who did the Edict of Nantes allow
freedom of worship?
Huguenots
European & Asian
Expansion
What were the motivations for the
European Age of Exploration?
God, Gold, & Glory
What does an astrolabe
determine?
Latitude
What was used to determine
longitude at sea before GPS?
Time Difference
From where did the Europeans
adopt the compass?
The Chinese
What exploration era ship first
used the lateen sail?
Caravel
Who monopolized the trade route
across the Mediterranean Sea
during the Age of Exploration?
Italians
Who established the trade route
around Africa during the Age of
Exploration?
The Portuguese
Which European was the first to
round the Cape of Good Hope?
Bartholomeu Dias
Who was the first European to
round the Cape of Good Hope
and reach India?
Vasco da Gama
Which Portuguese sailor first
sighted Brazil and claimed it for
Portugal?
Pedro Cabral
How did the Spanish attempt to
establish a route to Asia?
By Sailing West
What did Columbus miscalculate?
Circumference of the Earth
Thinking he had arrived in the
Indies, what did Columbus call the
Native Americans?
Indians
Who named America?
Martin Waldseemuller
For whom was America named?
Amerigo Vespucci
Who discovered the Pacific Ocean
for the Europeans?
Balboa
Who was the first to
circumnavigate the globe?
18 of Magellan’s Crew
What did the English, French, and Dutch
search for through the Americas during
the Age of Exploration?
The Northwest Passage
How did Spain become the
wealthiest European country
during the Age of Exploration?
Exploitation of the Americas
Who led the expedition that
conquered the Aztec?
Cortes
What is Tenochtitlan called today?
Mexico City
What two things made the
conquest of the Aztec possible?
Indian Allies
&
European Disease
Who led the expedition of
conquistadors that conquered the Inca?
Pizarro
What was the Spanish system of land
grants that included the enslavement of
the Native Americans?
The Encomienda System
What did Bartolome de Las Casas
condemn?
Treatment of
the Native Americans
Who drew the Line of
Demarcation?
Pope Alexander VI
Between which two countries was
the Treaty of Tordesillas?
Spain & Portugal
What profitable purpose did the
French find in the New World?
Fur Trade
What type of relationship did the
French have with the Native
Americans?
Cooperative
Who explored the Mississippi
River Valley and claimed it for
France?
Robert La Salle
For whom was Louisiana named?
King Louis XIV of France
What was the Dutch name of
New York City?
New Amsterdam
What did the Dutch call the
English who took over New
Netherlands?
Yankees
(Land Pirates)
What was the first permanent English
settlement in the New World?
Jamestown
What was the French and Indian
War called in Europe?
Seven Years’ War
What did the English gain in the
New World as a result of the
French and Indian War?
French Territory
What do historians call the
transfer of goods and ideas from
the Old and New Worlds?
The Columbian Exchange
What food from the Americas
became a status symbol?
Chocolate
In what economic theory does a
country’s wealth depend on a
trade surplus?
Mercantilism
What do historians call the trade route
between Europe, Africa, and the
Americas that included the transatlantic
slave trade?
Triangular Slave Trade
What was the ocean crossing of
slaves ships called?
Middle Passage
What type of slavery was practiced in
the Americas in which people could be
bought and sold at will?
Chattle Slavery
When overt resistance to slavery was
all but impossible, what form did
resistance take?
Passive Resistance
What do historians and geographers
call the decimation of the African
population during the transatlantic
slave trade?
African Diaspora
In what city was Muhammad
born?
Makkah (Mecca)
In what city did Muhammad come
to power?
Medina
What was Medina’s original
name?
Yathrib
What does “Medina” mean?
City of the Prophet
What is the belief in only one God?
Monotheism
What shrine in Makkah contains
the Black Stone?
The Ka’bah
Who is the last and greatest
prophet of God in Muslim belief?
Muhammad
What is the holy book of Islam?
Qu’ran (Koran)
What does the root word of Islam,
“salam” mean?
Peace
What is the term for one who
submits to the will of God?
Muslim
What is the Arabic word for God?
Allah
What pillar of Islam includes repeating,
“there is no God but God, and
Muhammad is His prophet”?
Faith
Toward what place do Muslims
face when praying?
Makkah
What is the Muslim pilgrimage to
Makkah?
The Hajj
What does the word “jihad” mean?
Struggle
What are the two branches of
Islam?
Shi’ah & Sunni
What are the three holy cities of
Islam?
Mekkah, Medina, & Jerusalem
What is the holiest site in
Jerusalem for Jews?
Western Wall
(Wailing Wall)
What is the holiest site in
Jerusalem for Christians?
Church of the Holy Sepulcher
What is the holiest site in
Jerusalem for Muslims?
Dome of the Rock
For what does the acronym OPEC
stand?
Organization of Petroleum
Exporting Countries
What peninsula was the heart of
the Ottoman Empire?
Anatolian Peninsula
What did the Ottomans adopt from the
Chinese which they weaponized?
Gunpowder
Who defeated the Ottomans at the
Battle of Ankara?
Timur the Lame
What Byzantine city did the
Ottomans conquer in 1453?
Constantinople
What is Constantinople called
today?
Istanbul, Turkey
What Christian Church in
Constantinople did the Ottomans
convert into a mosque?
Hagia Sophia
Which Ottoman sultan reformed the tax
system, the bureaucracy, the courts,
and the legal system, earning him the
title of “Lawgiver”?
Suleyman the Magnificent
Who founded the Safavid Empire?
Esma’il
What branch of Islam did Esma’il
make the official religion of the
Safavid Empire?
Shi’ah
The culture of the Safavid Empire
was a blending of Shi’ah Islam
and what else?
Persian Traditions
By what title were Safavid
emperors called?
Shah
What empire in South Asia did the
Muslims establish?
Mughal Empire
Who founded the Mughal Empire
Babur the Tiger
Akbar’s success as a Mughal
emperor had a great deal to do
with what practice?
Religious Tolerance
What belief did the Sikhs adopt
from Islam?
Monotheism
What belief did the Sikhs adopt
from Hinduism?
Reincarnation
Who had the Taj Mahal built in Agra?
Shad Jahan
For what purpose was the Taj
Mahal built?
Tomb
(Mausoleum)
What is the concept for a Chinese
dynasty receiving its power to rule?
Mandate of Heaven
What dynasty did the Ming
replace?
Yuan
(Mongol Dynasty)
Who founded the Ming Dynasty?
Hongwu
What is the system for hiring the
best people for government jobs
that includes testing?
Civil Service System
To where did Yonglo move the
Chinese capital?
Beijing
What is the city within a city in
Beijing?
Forbidden City
Who was the admiral that led the
Chinese voyages of exploration?
Zheng He
What Catholic missionaries
worked in China during the early
part of the Ming Dynasty?
Jesuits
Why didn’t the Chinese Age of Exploration
excite the Chinese as much as the
European Age of Exploration excited the
Europeans?
Chinese believed their goods
to be superior to others
What two manufactured goods
from China were highly sought
after by the Europeans?
Silk & Porcelain
What group of people established
the Qing Dynasty in China?
Manchu
What policy of the Ming did the Qing
continue that was very unpopular with
the European merchants?
Isolation
In what political system does a vassal
provide military service to a lord?
Feudalism
What were the Japanese lords called?
Daimyo
What were the Japanese “knights”
called?
Samurai
What were the Japanese
“generals” called?
Shoguns
What was the Medieval capital of
Japan?
Kyoto
What were the codes of conduct
for the samurai?
Seven Codes of Bushido
What was the ritual suicide practiced by
the samurai when they failed to follow
the Codes of Bushido?
Seppuku
What teachings that focused on
discipline and meditation did the
samurai follow?
Zen Buddhism
What did the Japanese believe
protected them from
Mongol/Chinese invasion?
Kamikaze
(Divine Wind)
Under what shogunate did Ieyasu
unite Japan?
Tokugawa
What is Edo called today?
Tokyo
What group was at the very
bottom of the social class system
in Tokugawa Japan?
Merchants
What two forms of theater were
popular in Tokugawa Japan
Noh & Kabuki
What type of Japanese poetry is
written with 5 syllables in line 1, 7
in line 2, & 5 in line 3?
Haiku
The Age of Absolutism
Who was the first king to rule a
unified Spain?
Charles I
(Became HRE Charles V)
Of what family was Holy Roman
Emperor Charles V a part?
Hapsburg
Who was known as “the Most
Catholic of Majesties”?
King Philip II of Spain
What was King Philip II’s palace?
Escorial
Who did the Catholic alliance led
by Philip II defeat at the Naval
Battle of Lepanto?
Ottoman Turks
Who painted “View of Toledo”?
El Greco
Who wrote Don Quixote?
Cervantes
The Netherlands were part of
what empire until 1581?
Spanish Empire
The southern provinces of the
Spanish Netherlands became
what country?
Belgium
What modern economic system
developed in the Netherlands?
Capitalism
In the late sixteenth century, what
city became the financial center
of Europe?
Amsterdam
Upon what theory was the Age of
Absolutism based?
Divine Right of Kings Theory
King Henry IV of France was the
first monarch of which dynasty?
Bourbon
What religion was Henry IV of
France before he converted to
Catholicism?
Huguenot
(French Calvinist)
What was Henry IV’s famous
quote explaining his conversion to
Catholicism?
“Paris is well worth a mass.”
What decree issued by Henry IV
provided limited protection for the
freedom of worship of the Huguenots?
Edict of Nantes
What “entrepreneurial” system of
collecting taxes did Henry IV use
in France?
Tax Farming
What two groups were exempt from
the tallie during Henry IV’s rule in
France?
Nobles & Clergy
Who was Henry IV’s finance minster
who created a budget surplus and
encouraged trade and industry in
France?
Duke of Sully
Who was killed under the orders of
Queen Catherine de Medici in Paris
during the Saint Bartholomew's Day
Massacre?
Protestants
Who was Louis XIII’s finance
minister who ran the French
government until 1642?
Cardinal Richelieu
What did Cardinal Richelieu
prohibit the Huguenots from
doing?
Fortifying Their Cities
What administration system used by
Cardinal Richelieu used officials
appointed by the crown, thereby
weakening the nobility?
Intendant
During what war did Cardinal
Richelieu strengthen France’s
position among the European
countries?
Thirty Years’ War
What treaty ended the Thirty
Years’ War?
Treaty of Wesphalia
What king of France was known
as the “Sun King”?
Louis XIV
Who ruled France for Louis XIV
while he was too young to rule?
Cardinal Mazarin
What revolt of the nobility did
Cardinal Mazarin put down?
Fronde
(Sling)
Who was Louis XIV’s finance
minister who created a
prosperous French economy?
Jean-Baptiste Colbert
Where did Louis XIV have a new
grand palace built?
Versailles
What did the revocation of the
Edict of Nantes cause in France?
Exodus of Protestants
What is the term for making alliances
of relatively equal strength as a
deterrence to starting a war?
Balance of Power
What was the time in Russian history
following the death of Ivan the
Terrible in which several different
people ruled poorly?
Time of Troubles
Which ruler of Russia decreed
that the serfs could not leave the
estates they were born on?
Boris Gudinov
Who were the Russian nobles?
Boyars
From where did the “False Dmitri”
come?
Poland
What dynasty ruled Russia for
more than 300 years?
Romanov
Because of his efforts to
modernize Russia, what was
Peter I known as?
Peter the Great
What were Peter the Great’s two
principle goals as Tsar?
Westernize Russia
&
Maintain Autocracy
What was Peter the Great’s
“Window on Europe”?
Saint Petersburg
Who did Elizabeth I choose as the
heir to the Russian throne?
Peter II
Who did Elizabeth I choose as a
wife for Peter II?
Sofia of Anhalt-Zerbst
What did Sofia’s name become
when she converted from
Lutheranism to Eastern Orthodoxy?
Catherine II
Who was Peter II and
Catherine II’s son?
Paul I
Because of her continued efforts to
modernize Russia as the Tsarina, by
what title is Catherine II known?
Catherine the Great
By what name was Catherine the
Great known in the gossip circles of
the European courts?
“The Naughty Empress”
Who was made the heir of
Emperor Charles VI by the
Pragmatic Sanction?
Maria Teresa
What was the war in which Prussia,
France, and Spain attempted to take
advantage of the rise to power of
Maria Teresa in Austria?
War of Austrian Succession
Who was Maria Teresa’s most
famous child?
Marie Antoinette
What war pitted Austria, France, and
Russia against Prussia and Great
Britain in which fighting took place on
three continents?
Seven Years’ War
The Hohenzollern Dynasty ruled
which European country?
Prussia
What made Frederick the Great’s
father worry about the future of
Prussia?
Frederick’s love of music,
poetry, and philosophy
In what way did Frederick the
Great rule Prussia?
Tyrannical Militarism
What did Frederick the Great call
himself?
“The First Servant of the People”
What territory was linked to
Prussia as a result of the First
Partition of Poland?
East Prussia
(Now – Kaliningrad, Russia)
What 1215 document gave the English
Parliament real political power, limiting
the power of the monarchy?
Magna Carta
The collection of documents such as the
Magna Carta and the English Bill of
Rights collectively make up what?
(Unwritten) British Constitution
Who started the Anglican Church?
Henry VIII
Why did Henry VIII start the
Anglican Church?
The Pope refused to annul his
marriage to Catherine of Aragon
What friend and trusted advisor did
Henry VIII have executed for refusing to
acknowledge the Act of Supremacy and
his marriage to Anne Boleyn?
Sir Thomas More
Who was Catherine of Aragon’s
Catholic daughter that ruled
England?
“Bloody” Mary
Who was Elizabeth I of England’s mother?
Anne Boleyn
Who was Henry VIII’s only son?
Edward VI
(Jane Seymour’s Son)
Who ruled England during the era of
exploration and the time of Shakespeare?
Elizabeth I
What relative of Elizabeth I was beheaded
for plotting to overthrow her?
Mary Queen of Scots
What were the English pirates like Sir
Francis Drake who were encouraged by
Elizabeth I to plunder Spanish treasure?
Sea Dogs
Who put together the Invincible
Armada that attempted to invade
England in 1588?
Philip II of Spain
Who were the extreme Calvinists
in England that wanted to purify
the Anglican Church?
Puritans
In what governmental body did the
Puritans become the majority prior
to the English Civil War?
House of Commons
Who commissioned the
publication of a new version of the
Bible in the early 17th century?
King James I of England
Who was the king of England
during the English Civil War?
Charles I
What was the time from 1629 to
1640 when Charles I refused to
call Parliament into session?
The Eleven Years’ Tyranny
A conflict with who forced Charles I to
call Parliament into session in 1640?
Scots
What does “MP” stand for in
England?
Member of Parliament
What nickname was given to the
royalists during the English Civil War?
Cavaliers
What nickname was given to the
Parliamentary forces during the
English Civil War?
Roundheads
Who was the leader of the New
Model Army during the English
Civil War?
Oliver Cromwell
What happened in London on
January 30, 1649?
King Charles I Was Executed
What was Oliver Cromwell’s title
as the ruler of England?
Lord Protector
of the Commonwealth
Who did Oliver Cromwell
persecute as the ruler of England?
Irish
Who became the ruler of England as a
result of the Restoration of 1659?
Charles II
What form of government in
England began with the rule of
Charles II?
Constitutional Monarchy
From what did the Act of Habeas
Corpus protect the English people?
Arbitrary Arrest
What 17th century English political
party wanted a weak monarchy
and a strong Parliament?
Whigs
What 17th century English political party
wanted a strong hereditary monarchy?
Tories
Who became the rulers of England
during the Glorious Revolution of 1688?
William & Mary
Who wrote Leviathan, advocating
a absolutist government?
Thomas Hobbes
Which English political thinker
developed natural rights philosophy?
John Locke
John said that natural rights
included …
Life, Liberty, and Property
According to John Locke, what is
the purpose of government?
To protect our rights
According to John Locke, what
obligation do the people have if their
government fails to protect their rights?
Abolish the Government
The Enlightenment
What new manner of scientific
investigation began to be used
during the Scientific Revolution?
Scientific Method
Who argued in favor of the
Heliocentric Theory in his book On the
Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies?
Copernicus
What did Kepler use to attempt to
prove the Heliocentric Theory?
Mathematics
Who used a telescope to provide
concrete evidence for the
Heliocentric Theory?
Galileo
Who forced Galileo to recant his
findings about the
Heliocentric Theory?
The Inquisition
Who published the book about
human anatomy entitled On the
Fabric of the Human Body?
Vesalius
What is Rene Descartes’ famous
quote about our existence?
“I think, therefore I am”
Who published his ideas about motion
and gravity in Mathematical Principles
of Natural Philosophy?
Sir Isaac Newton
What era in European history can be seen
as the marriage of the Renaissance and
the Scientific Revolution that gave birth to a
new spirit of progress and the improvement
of society?
The Enlightenment
What two revolutions were
inspired by Enlightenment ideas?
The American Revolution
&
The French Revolution
What are rights with which
everyone is born?
Natural Rights
What is the concept that all
government’s power comes from
the people?
Popular Sovereignty
What rights are protected by the
First Amendment to the U.S.
Constitution?
Freedoms of Expression
(Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, Petition)
What is the term for the division of
powers and responsibilities between
the three branches of government?
Separation of Powers
What gives each branch of
government the power to watch
over the other branches to prevent
the abuse of power?
Checks & Balances
What is the term for fair and equal
treatment by the legal system without
which a person cannot be deprived of
life, liberty or property?
Due Process of Law
What was the term for the
traveling studies done by many
upper class students during the
Enlightenment?
The Grand Tour
What type of music did Bach compose?
Baroque
What type of music did Beethoven
compose?
Classical
Who were the Enlightenment philosophers
that met in salons to discuss their ideas?
Philosophes
Who wrote Candide?
Voltaire
What term from Candide means
hopeless optimism?
Panglossian
Using what model did Voltaire believe we
should study history?
Cause & Effect
Who put together the first Encyclopedia?
Diderot
Who wrote On the Wealth of Nations?
Adam Smith
What did Adam Smith call the forces that
govern a free market?
The Invisible Hand
What is the term for the belief that
governments should not
interfere in the economy?
Laissez-Faire (Capitalism)
Who studied the British system of
government and became an advocate to
separation of powers and
checks and balances?
Montesquieu
Who wrote The Social Contract?
Jean Jacque Rousseau
What is “traded” in the social contract?
Power for Security
What were the monarchs like Catherine the
Great and Frederick the Great who adopted
Enlightenment ideas, but continued rule
according to absolutism called?
Enlightened Despots
What was the slogan of the
French Revolution?
Liberty, Equality, & Fraternity
Who made up the First Estate in
French society?
Higher Clergy
Who made up the Second Estate in
French society?
Nobility
What three groups made up the
Third Estate in French society?
Bourgeoisie, City Poor, Peasants
Fighting which war caused the French
government under Louis XV to incur
a great deal of debt?
Seven Years’ War
What was the part of the Seven Years’ War
that was fought in North America called?
French & Indian War
Louis XVI’s support of whom made the
financial crisis he inherited worse?
Americans During Our Revolution
What advisory body did Louis XVI call into
session to deal with the financial crisis
in France?
Estates General
Where was Marie Antoinette originally from?
Austria
What new group did the Third Estate form
that vowed to write a new constitution for
France?
National Assembly
In what document did the members of the
National Assembly promise to write a
constitution?
Tennis Court Oath
On what date did the revolutionaries in
France storm the Bastille Prison in Paris?
July 14, 1789
Where did the conservatives sit in the
French Assembly?
Right-Wing
Where did the liberals sit in the
French Assembly?
Left-Wing
What was the uprising of the peasants
during the French Revolution?
The Great Fear
What document was produced by the
French Assembly that ended the special
privileges of the nobility and clergy?
The Declaration
of the
Rights of Man
Who made up the majority of the group that
marched to Versailles and forced Louis XVI
and Marie Antoinette to Paris?
Women
What event prompted the end of the
constitutional monarchy under Louis XVI?
The Great Escape Attempt
Against what two countries did the French
Government preemptively declare war
against in 1792?
Austria & Prussia
What radical body became the government
of Paris during the French Revolution?
Paris Commune
Of what radical Paris political club were
Danton and Robespierre members?
Jacobins
Of what radical group of the Parisian
workers was Jean-Paul Marat a part?
Sans-Culottes
(“without knee pants”)
Who “led” France during the Reign of Terror?
Robespierre
What did 1792 become on the
new French calendar?
Year 1
What efficient and egalitarian method of
execution was developed during the
French Revolution?
Guillotine
What was the executive of five men
established during the French Revolution?
The Directory
What revolutionary army did Napoleon lead?
People’s Army
On what island was Napoleon born?
Corsica
What was Napoleon’s “nickname”?
The Little Corporal
What is the French term for a violent
take-over of the government?
Coup d'état
Who crowned Napoleon Emperor?
Napoleon
What new legal code was established under
Napoleon’s rule?
Napoleonic Code
Who led the British to victory over the
French in the Battle of Trafalgar?
Admiral Horatio Nelson
What was Napoleon’s blockade
of Britain called?
Continental System
What country did Napoleon invade
with his Grand Army?
Russia
What tactic did the Russians successfully
use against Napoleon’s Grand Army?
“Scorched Earth”
What was the brief time period of
Napoleon’s restoration to power after being
exiled to the Island of Elba called?
100 Days
Where was Napoleon defeated for the
final time on June 18, 1815?
Waterloo (Belgium)
Who said of Napoleon, “He was as great as
a man can be without virtue”?
Alexis de Tocqueville
At what conference did the European
powers restore the Old Order following
the Napoleonic Wars?
Congress of Vienna
What dynasty in France was restored
under Louis XVIII?
Bourbon Dynasty
Who was instrumental in establishing the
Holy Alliance following the
Napoleonic Wars?
Tsar Alexander I
What is the age in European history
following the Congress of Vienna
sometimes called?
Age of Metternich
The Industrial Revolution
What revolution came just before the
Industrial Revolution?
Agricultural Revolution
What was the fencing off of commons land
to be used for large scale scientific
farming in Britain?
Enclosure Movement
What was the secret code of the rebelling
peasants during the Enclosure Movement
in Britain?
“Captain Swing”
Who invented the seed drill?
Jethro Tull
Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?
Great Britain
What are the three factors of production?
Land, Labor, & Capital
What factor of production includes natural
things used to produce goods, services,
and information?
Land
What factor of production includes the
physical effort necessary to produce goods,
services, and information?
Labor
What factor of production includes
manmade things used to produce goods,
services, and information?
Capital
What was the first industry of the
Industrial Revolution?
Textile
Who invented the Spinning Jenny?
James Hargreaves
What system did the factory system
replace?
Cottage Industry
Near what were the early factories located?
Rivers
Who invented the first practical
steam engine?
James Watt
What type of industries are located near
their raw materials?
Bulk-Reducing
What type of industries are located near
their markets?
Bulk-Gaining
Who patented the cotton gin?
Eli Whitney
In what way was the great
connection between the textile
industry and cotton production in the
American South described?
“King Cotton”
What was the McAdam System?
Road Surfacing
What industry became the most powerful
and influential during early industrialization?
Railroads
From where to where was the first
major rail line built?
Yorkshire to Stockton
(manufacturing region to port)
What was the name of the locomotive built
by George Stephenson that could pull 13
tons at the amazing speed of 24 mph?
The Rocket
To where in Continental Europe did the
Industrial Revolution first diffuse?
Industrial “Islands”
By 1850, what industrial title had
Britain assumed?
“Workshop of the World”
What is the term for people moving from
rural areas to the cities?
Urbanization
What did the Factory Act and the Mines Act
do in Britain?
Restricted Child Labor
What environmental phenomenon did
Svante Arrhenius describe in 1830?
Greenhouse Effect
Who first formed trade unions?
Skilled Workers
In what economic system does the
government control the means of
production and the distribution of goods,
services, and information?
Socialism
Who wrote the Communist Manifesto?
Marx & Engels
What is the scientific study of society?
Social Science
Who invented the telegraph?
Samuel Morse
Who invented the telephone?
Alexander Gramm Bell
Who invented the radio
(wireless telegraph)?
Guillermo Marconi
Who are considered the
“Fathers of the Automobile”
Daimler & Benz
Who invented the airplane?
Wright Brothers
What do Americans call
Association Football?
Soccer
What ancient competition was reborn in
Athens in 1896?
The Olympic Games
What is the term for someone who take the
risks to start a new business?
Entrepreneur
What is the term for the belief that
governments should not interfere with
the economy?
Laissez-Faire Capitalism
In what type of business organization do
shareholders make investments and face
risks only up to the amount of their
investment?
Corporation
In what type of art and literature is life
portrayed as one wishes it were?
Romanticism
Who developed a better system of
manufacturing steel during the early
part of industrialization?
Henry Bessemer
What was Robert Fulton’s Clermont?
Steamboat
Who wrote On the Wealth of Nations and
described market forces as the
“Invisible Hand”?
Adam Smith
Who wrote An Essay on Population in which
he described how he believed human
population would outpace our food supply?
Thomas Malthus
Who wrote A Christmas Carol?
Charles Dickens
What idea supported by John Stuart Mill
stated that everyone could prosper in a
capitalist economy?
Utilitarian Economics
(“Greatest Good for the Greatest Number”)
Who outlined The Stages of Economic
Growth that refuted Marxism?
Walter Rostow
Who invented the practical light bulb?
Thomas Edison
Who developed the concept of natural
selection in the evolution of
biological beings?
Charles Darwin
Who developed the
Periodic Table of the Elements?
Dmitry Mendeleyev
Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for
her work with radioactivity?
Marie Curie
Who developed the formula E= mc2 ?
Albert Einstein
Who is considered the
“Father of Sociology”?
Auguste Comte
Who developed the concept of
classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
Who developed the psychodynamic theory?
Sigmund Freud
Who wrote Ivanhoe?
Sir Walter Scott
Who wrote a collection of fairytales
including Hansel and Gretel?
The Grimm Brothers
Who wrote The Last of the Mohicans?
James Fennimore Cooper
Who composed The Nutcracker Ballet?
Pyotr Tchaikovsky
Who wrote The Adventures of Tom Sawyer?
Mark Twain
(Samuel Clemmons)
Who sculpted The Thinker and The Kiss?
Auguste Rodin
Nationalism & Imperialism
The Reform Act passed by Parliament
in 1832 was aimed at what?
Increasing representation and
voting rights
The abolition of slavery in the British
Empire was what kind of process?
Gradual
What was the reform movement in
nineteenth century Britain aimed at
improving representation and voting
rights?
Chartism
Who was the longest reigning
monarch in British history?
Queen Victoria
Who was the Conservative
Nineteenth Century British Prime
Minister that believed in women’s
suffrage?
Benjamin Disraeli
Who was the Liberal Nineteenth
Century British Prime Minister that
adopted a progressive approach to
solving society’s problems?
William Gladstone
What act of Parliament created
the United Kingdom?
1801 Act of Union
What caused the death of a
million people in Ireland during the
nineteenth century?
Potato Famine
What does “emigration” mean?
To migrate away from a place
(exit)
What language do most people in
Quebec speak?
French
For what purpose did the British
first use Australia?
Prison Colony
Who are the indigenous people of
New Zealand?
Maori
What pioneering reform was instituted
in New Zealand in 1893?
Women’s Suffrage
Who was the last the Bourbon
Dynasty to rule France?
Charles X
What settlement following the
Napoleonic War attempted to restore
the Old Regime and absolutism?
Congress of Vienna
What was the French government
formed under the presidency of
Louis Napoleon?
Second Republic
When Louis Napoleon became
Emperor Napoleon III, what new
government was formed?
The Second Empire
When the French Assembly ousted
Emperor Napoleon III, what new
government was formed?
The Third Republic
In was event was a Jewish army officer
falsely convicted of spying for the
Germans in Nineteenth Century France?
Dreyfus Affair
What movement to reestablish a Jewish
homeland in the Middle East was
founded by Theodor Herzl?
Zionism
Who led the successful slave
revolt that eventually led to Haitian
independence?
Toussaint L’Ouverture
To whom did France sell the
Louisiana Territory in 1803?
The United States
Who were the Latin American
colonists that clashed with the
creoles?
Peninsulares
Who is considered the “Father of
Mexican Independence”?
Father Miguel Hidalgo
What is September 16, 1810?
Mexican Independence Day
Who is known as the “Liberator”
of South America?
Simon Bolivar
What city was made the capital of the
Portuguese Empire by King John VI?
Rio de Janeiro
The Early 20th Century
Which countries made up the Triple Alliance
prior to World War I?
Germany, Italy, & Austria-Hungary
What practice of the domination of
other countries became a major
cause of World War I?
Imperialism
What was the bloodiest century in
the history of mankind?
20th Century
What was the alliance of Russia,
France, the U.S., and other
countries during World War I?
The Allies
What was the World War I alliance
that included Germany?
Central Powers
What did the International
Socialists call for in an attempt to
stop World War I?
Workers’ Strike
In what city was Archduke Franz
Ferdinand assassinated?
Sarajevo
Who assassinated Franz Ferdinand?
Gavrilo Princip
What was World War I called
before it was called World War I?
The Great War
What was the tactic used by Russia during
World War I that deprived the enemy of the
ability to live off the land?
Scorched Earth
What wartime position did Tsar
Nicholas II assume in 1915?
Commander-in-Chief
Who won the Battle of Tannenberg?
The Germans
What is the area between the
trenches in trench warfare?
No Man’s Land
What new warfare technology
began to have an impact near the
end of World War I?
Tanks
For what purpose were aircraft
first used in warfare?
Reconnaissance
Almost all of the women who
actually fought in combat during
World War I fought in which army?
Russian
The Gallipoli Campaign was aimed at
taking control of what region?
Dardanelles
What group suffered the loss of
600,000 in an act of genocide in
the Caucasus Region?
Armenians
What passenger liner was sunk by
the Germans, causing many in the
U.S. to call for war?
Lusitania
What country was encouraged to attack the
U.S. by the Zimmermann Note?
Mexico
Which country withdrew from
World War I in the middle of the war?
Russia
What ceasefire agreement was
signed at 11am on 11/11/1918?
Armistice
Who suggested the formation of
the League of Nations?
Woodrow Wilson
What treaty ended World War I?
Treaty of Versailles
What large country was not a part
of the League of Nations?
U.S.A.
What empire that included the
Anatolian Peninsula was broken
apart following World War I?
Ottoman Empire
The Balfour Declaration was part of what
movement that aimed to establish the
modern-day state of Israel?
Zionism
What revolutionary group
assassinated Tsar Alexander II?
People’s Will
What is the term for the educated people in
Russian society who looked philosophically
at society and wanted to improve it?
Intelligentsia
Who were the revolutionaries in Russia that
wanted to abolish the political and economic
systems and start over?
Nihilists
Who wrote the Communist Manifesto?
Marx & Engles
What was the name of the communist
group led by Vladimir Lenin?
Bolsheviks
What occurred in Palace Square, Saint
Petersburg on January 22, 1905?
Bloody Sunday
What is the Russian parliament called?
Duma
Who was Nicholas II’s prime minister?
P.A. Stolypin
Who was the self-proclaimed man of God
from Siberia who gained a great deal of
influence with the family of the last tsar?
Rasputin
How long did the Romanov Dynasty last?
Over 300 Years
Who led the Provisional
Government in Russia?
Alexander Kerensky
What treaty ended the fighting
between the Germans and
Russians during World War I?
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Who was the leader of the Red Army
during the Russian Civil War?
Leon Trotsky
What was Lenin’s economic program aimed
at solving the immediate problems in the
USSR following the Civil War?
NEP
Who came to power in the USSR
following Lenin’s death?
Stalin
What were the Soviet
industrialization programs?
Five-Year Plans
What is the term for the exile or
execution of people who are seen as a
threat by a country’s leadership?
Purges
What was Saint Petersburg,
Russia called during World War I?
Petrograd
Who is considered the
“Father of Modern China”?
Sun Yat-Sen
What was the escape of the
Chinese Communists from the
Nationalists led by Mao Zedong?
The Long March
What is the full name of China today?
The People’s Republic of China
What imperial power controlled India and
had a lasting impact on Indian culture?
Britain
Who led the Indian independence
movement following a policy of
peaceful civil disobedience?
Mohandas Gandhi
What textile manufacturing tool
became a symbol of the Indian
independence movement?
Spinning Wheel
With what neighbor of India does the
country dispute claims to Kashmir?
Pakistan
Who assumed the title “Ataturk”
during the formation of the
modern-day state of Turkey?
Kemal Mustafa
What modern-day country was
formed out of the remains of the
Persian Empire?
Iran
What African country won its
independence from Britain in 1922?
Egypt
Which North American country supplied a
large part of the goods and armaments to
the Allies during World War I?
U.S.A.
What happened on
October 29, 1929?
U.S. Stock Market Crashed
What did John Maynard Keynes
say the government needs to do
during economic downturns?
Spend to Stimulate the Economy
During what decade did the U.S.
have a net out-migration?
1930s
What caused trade to slow to a
standstill during the Great Depression?
Tariffs
For what purpose did many in Japan
believe Japanese expansion was
necessary following World War I?
Access to Resources
What group slowly took over the
government of Japan between the
world wars?
Military
The Japanese invaded Manchuria
in which country in 1931?
China
What agreement did Japan sign with
Germany and Italy promising to help each
other stop the spread of communism?
Anti-Comintern Pact
What was the real purpose of the Greater
East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere?
Japanese Access to Resources
What type of government was formed in
Italy under Benito Mussolini?
Fascist
Who were the terrorists used by
Mussolini to intimidate his opposition?
Blackshirts
What African country did Italy
invade in 1935?
Ethiopia
What was the name of the
democratic government formed in
Germany after World War I?
Weimar Republic
Where did Hitler and the Nazis
stage an attempted coup in 1923?
Munich
What book was written by Hitler
outlining his ideology and plans
for Germany?
Mein Kampf
How did Hitler come to power?
Through the Democratic Process
What act of the Reichstag gave
Hitler dictatorial powers?
Enabling Act
What was the Nazi secret police called?
Gestapo
What does the German word,
“fuhrer” mean?
Leader
What does “Stalin” mean?
Steel
What German territory boarding France
did Hitler send troops to in violation of the
Treaty of Versailles?
Rhineland
Who became the leader of Spain
following the Fascists victory of
the Spanish Civil War?
Francisco Franco
What country did Germany invade
on September 1, 1939?
Poland
What does “blitzkrieg” mean?
Lightening War
What do the Russians call World War II?
The Great Patriotic War
What Soviet city withstood a 900
day siege during World War II?
Leningrad
What was the turning point in
World War II for the Soviets?
Battle of Stalingrad
From where were 300,000 Allied
troops rescued during World War II?
Dunkirk, France
What was the turning point in the War in
the Pacific during World War II?
Midway
What happened on June 6, 1944
D-Day Invasion
What convinced the Japanese to
surrender during World War II?
The Atomic Bomb
What army inflicted 80% of the
casualties which occurred against
the Nazis during World War II?
Red Army
Who wrote the book Night?
Elie Wiesel
Who composed the song,
The Sound of Silence?
Paul Simon
Who described the Holocaust as, “… this is
what one human can do to another if we are
silent and complacent”?
Mike Jacobs
Approximately how many Jews
were killed during the Holocaust?
6 Million
What was the Nazi answer to the
“Jewish Question” that became
the Holocaust?
The Final Solution
What was the first concentration camp?
Dachau
Where was Sobibor
Poland
Where did Dr. Mengele perform
cruel experiments on prisoners?
Auschwitz
What is the message of Pastor
Niemoeller’s poem?
Stand up for Others
Who represented the British at the
Yalta and Potsdam Conferences?
Winston Churchill
What is the tense period of time following
World War II in which the NATO Alliance
and Warsaw Pact were formed?
The Cold War
Good Luck on the Exam!
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