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							                                PE Theory 38A
                                  Chapter 1
    Sports Medicine: The Multidisciplinary Approach to Athletic Health
                                 Care
                               Sports Medicine
• The study & application of scientific & medical knowledge to aspects
  of exercise & injury prevention

• Sports medicine aims to promote health & fitness while preventing,
  treating and rehabilitating injury.
                    Professions in Sports Medicine
•   Physicians
•   Physician Assistants
•   Athletic Trainers
•   Physical Therapists
•   PT Assistants
•   Chiropractors
•   Massage Therapists
•   Strength & Conditioning.
•   Sports Nutritionists
•   Sport Psychologists
                       History of Sports Medicine
•   Developed into recognized field in early 20th century
•   Physical Training & Rehab of military veterans became major concern
•   Also desire to understand limite of human performance increased
•   1912- 1st known meeting was Sports Physician’s Congress held in Germany

                               History Continued
• 1954 American College of Sports Medicine Founded (ACSM)
• Promoted idea that athletes required a broadly trained physician as
  first point of contact when dealing with injury
• Specialization in Sports medicine over the past 50 years to meet the
  needs of athletic population
                           Sports Medicine Today
• Society Today
• Exercise at forefront

• All ages, male, female

• Modern competitive sports- the business
                          Athlete’s Circle of Care
                            (Figure 1-1 on page 6, in textbook)
•   1. Athlete reports injury to coach
•   2. Coach refers athlete to athletic trainer
•   3. Injury Assessed, may refer to an MD
•   4. ATC may talk to parents
•   5. MD refers to specialist, or back to ATC
•   6. ATC communicates with coach
                     Family & Team Physician
• Team Physician- greatest asset

• Team Physician- a physician who specializes in sports medicine
  helps the athlete maximize function and minimize time away from
  sports, work, or school; works in cooperation with the family
  physician
           Physicians Involved in Sports Medicine
•   May have primary specialty in:
•   Family Practice
•   Internal Medicine
•   Emergency Medicine
•   Pediatrics
•   Physical med/Rehab

                                   Physicians
•   Most have 1-2 years additional training in sports medicine
•   Accredited Sports medicine fellowship
•   Eligible to take subspecialty qualification exam in sports medicine
•   Continuing Education required
•   Membership with sports med societies
                         Physician Assistant (PA)
•   Originated mid-60’s at Duke University
•   Designed to increase consumer access
•   Very popular profession today
•   Work interdependently with MD
•   Help MD with patient care
                     Duties of Physician Assistant
•   Take pt histories
•   Physical exams
•   Order Labs
•   Develop treatment plan
•   Assist in surgery
•   Write prescriptions
•   Patient education
•   80% of an MDs duties
                             Physical Therapist (PT)
• A health care specialist who is responsible for performing treatments
  that require special training in therapeutic exercises, hydrotherapy, &
  electrotherapy; & for performing procedures dealing with individual
  muscles & muscular movement
                             Physical Therapist (PT)
•   Restorative Aides
•   Care during WWI
•   Polio epidemic 1950s
•   Demand Increased

• 175,000 PTs in U.S. today
                         Physical Therapists (PT)
• ~ 180 Physical Therapy Programs in U.S
• Pediatrics, sports medicine, neurology, home health, geriatrics, orthopedics,
  aquatic therapy, wound care, women’s health, acute care, education, research
  and cardiopulmonary rehabilitation
• Settings: hospitals, nursing homes, schools, clinics, fitness facilities, homes,
  industrial companies
                 Physical Therapy Assistant (PTA)
• A health care specialist who works with physical therapists to assist in
    developing treatment plans for the rehabilitation of injury
                Physical Therapy Assistant (PTA)
•   Assists in development of treatment plans
•   Documents the progress of treatment
•   Supervised by physical therapist
•   Stays within scope of PTs plan for patient
•   A PTA cannot do initial patient evaluation, progress notes to MD or
    discharge summaries
                    Physical Therapist Assistants
• PTAs can do manual therapy, myofascial release, PNF, and
  neurodevelopmental techniques

• PTs and PTAs are trained to improve movement & function, relieve
  pain, & expand mobility potential
                             Chiropractor (DC)
• A health care specialist who provides conservative management of
  neuromusculoskeletal disorders and functioanl clinical conditions
                             Chiropractor (DC)
•   A natural form of health care
•   Instead of drugs or surgery
•   Promotes body’s natural healing process
•   Spinal manipulation

• Cheir and praktkos is Greek, meaning “done by hand”

                             Chiropractor (DC)
• Chiropractors provide conservative mgmt of neuromusculoskeletal
  disorders & related functional clinical conditions
• Examples: back & neck pain, headaches
• DCs also use a variety of manual, mechanical, & electrical
  therapeutic modalities
                             Massage Therapist
• Massage is one of the oldest know methods for providing relief of pain and
  discomfort
• Popular in late 19th century, but declined

• Revival in WWI & II
                      Massage Therapy Today
•   Renaissance that began in 60’s
•   Increased awareness
•   Now, promotes wellness, stress reduction
•   70s & 80’s- private school developed
•   States required licensing for schools
•   American Massage Therapy Association
•   Today, ~ 300,000 in the U.S.
              Certified Strength & Conditioning
                 Specialist/Personal Trainer
• Accredited Certifications:

• National Strength & Conditioning Association or (NSCA)

• American Council on Exercise (ACE)

• National Academy of Sports Medicine (NASM)

                                    NSCA
• CSCS program was created in 1985
• - CSCS is a specialist who designs & implements safe & effective strength &
  condition programs
• -NSCA-CPT program started in 1993
• - the CPT is a specialist who designs & implements safe & effective strength &
  conditioning programs with individual clients

                       NSCA’s CSCS & CPT
• The NSCA has 30,000 members in 52 countries

           American Council on Exercise (ACE)
• Founded in 1985
• Provides Certification for: personal trainers, group fitness instructor,
  lifestyle & weight management consultant

• Currently 40,000 certified professionals in over 107 countries
   National Academy of Sports Medicine (NASM)
• Founded in 1987
• Provides education & credentials for fitness, sports performance &
  sports medicine professionals
• 100,000 members in 80 countries
• Certified Personal Trainer (CPT)
• Performance Enhancement Specialist (PES)
• Corrective Exercise Specialist (CES)
                        Sports Nutritionist
• A health care specialist who designs special diets with the goal of
  enhancing athletic performance
• Combat “quick fix remedy” for weight loss
• Plays vital role in ensuring correct diet
• Enhances performance by designing special diets
                        Sports Psychologist
• A specialist who works with athletes to recover from serious injury
  through emotional support. They also assist in goal setting and
  motivation

• Experts in psychology of sport & well versed in athletics, motivation,
  and performance
                        Sport Psychologist
• Employed in clinical settings, educational institutions, Pro sports,
  Olympic athletes, private practice.

• ~ 160,000 sport psychologists in U.S today

                          Role of Coaches
                         (In Circle of Care)
•   Coaches teach & direct the activities
•   Proper technique
•   For young athletes, serves as first aid
•   Knows athlete’s personality & tolerance
•   Good communication
•   Refer athlete when necessary