EmilePresentation

OCEAN ENERGY : AN UPDATE Emile Baddour Emile.Baddour@nrc.ca OREG workshop, Vancouver, March 2005 Pioneers ?… 1967 240 Mw Annapolis is one of three tidal power plants in the world. The largest plant is located in France, in the estuary of La Rance near St. Malo. With a capacity of 240 megawatts, it generates on the incoming and outgoing tide. The output capacity of Annapolis Tidal is 20 megawatts. The smallest tidal plant is located at Kislaya Guba on the White Sea in Russia. It has a 0.5 megawatt capacity. 1984 20 Mw Ocean Energy devices Questions about the application of ocean energy (wave/current) to generate power: • There is not a single ocean power technology. What type of technology and at which size will it yield optimal economics? Will the performance, reliability and cost projections be realized once ocean energy devices are deployed and tested? Evidence-based Data ? • • Contents • International scene : a selective review • An Ocean Technology Cluster : a Canadian Resource • Levels of Canadian Funding • Conclusions International scene: a selective review • • • • • • Models European initiative Norwegian model Danish (european?) model UK model Australian model External costs for electricity production in the EU (in EURcent per kWh**) Reference: http://externe.jrc.es/ Wave Energy Centre RTN Wavetrain • The EC WAVETRAIN Project has been established in order to encounter the multiple scientific and technological challenges that come along with the pre-commercial phase of ocean wave energy utilization. • Among the essential general tasks are: wave energy modeling, assessment of power plants, component devices and assessment of socio-economic and environmental impact. Reference: http://www.wavetrain.info/ Wave Energy Centre RTN Wavetrain The participating partners in the RTN are: • • • • • • • • • • • Instituto Superior Técnico Teamwork Technology BV SPOK ApS (representing Wave Dragon) Queen's University Belfast Ecole Centrale de Nantes University College Cork The University of Edinburgh Instituto Nacional de Engenharia, Tecnologia e Inovação Technische Universiteit Delft, and Chalmers Tekniska Hogskola The project receives funding from the Community’s Sixth Framework Programme and the specific Marie Curie Action involved. Norwegian Model Hammerfest Strøm AS : • Tidal and other marine current power • “shall carry out research and development for the production of electricity based on alternative, renewable sources for the production of electricity.” “The commercial exploitation shall comprise both the construction and operation of power plants.” The tidal power plant in Kvalsundet Reference: http://www.e-tidevannsenergi.com/ • • Norwegian Model • Tidal currents are highly predictable, repeating themselves in known cycles. This simplifies the design of a plant, since the components will be subjected to loads that are known with high accuracy. Reference: http://www.e-tidevannsenergi.com/ The Main Shareholders: ownership ABB AS Alta Kraftlag AL Hammerfest Elverk DA Statoil ASA Troms Kraft AS Venturos Invest AS Reference: http://www.e-tidevannsenergi.com/ THE PROJECT ORGANISATION • consists of partners with leading Norwegian research institutions and industrial companies. by integrating high theoretical competence with long practical experience, solutions are sought which are technically and economically optimised, and based largely on known technology. synergy with a number of technologies Reference: http://www.e-tidevannsenergi.com/ • • The partners Hammerfest Strøm. SINTEF NTNU ABB Distribusjon Rolls-Royce Selmer Skanska Funding info: unavailable ABB Offshore Systems ABB Corporate Research Statoil Reference: http://www.e-tidevannsenergi.com/ Danish Model Reference: http://www.wavedragon.net/ Wave power using hydro – electric turbines Project partners: Wave Dragon Ap S SPOK Ap S Armstrong Technology Associates Ltd. Veteran Kraft AB Balslev AS Kössler Ges. m.b.H. Aalborg University, Dept. Civil Eng. Promecon AS Technical University Munich, LHM NIRAS AS Nöhrlind Ltd ESB International Denmark Denmark UK Sweden Denmark Austria Denmark Denmark Germany Denmark UK Ireland Funding Investments, from the start and until year 2004 Contribution Löwenmark F.R.I SPOK ApS VeteranKraft AB Kössler Ges.m.b.h. Balslev A/S Belt Electric ApS Wilfried Knapp Nöhrlind Ltd MT Højgaard A/S Armstrong Ltd NIRAS AS ESBI Engineering Ltd EU Danish national funding University funded Total Reference: http://www.wavedragon.net/ 1000 € 1.503 891 366 101 217 70 48 68 169 136 35 88 2.078 1.929 192 7.892 Funding • Since march 2003 and to mid 2005 a development consortium will perform long term and real sea tests on hydraulic behaviour, turbine strategy and power production to the grid. € 4.35M project has been secured through grants from Danish Energy Authority European Commission Danish system operator Elkraft System's RTD fund Reference: http://www.wavedragon.net/ • • • • • (€ 1.7 M) (€ 1.5 M) (€ 0.25M). Reference: http://www.wavedragon.net/ Wave dragon 1:4.5 project The prototype has been deployed in Nissum Bredning fjord (20kW) Jan 2005 (after 1 year 9 m operation) Reference: http://www.wavedragon.net/ Australian model Energetech Australia Pty Ltd OWC technology and wave focusing The Energetech Wave Energy System is a shoreline device suitable where there is fairly deep water up the coast, such as on harbour breakwaters and rocky headland and cliffs. Port Kembla plant underway expected to be commissioned in early 2005 Reference: http://www.energetech.com.au/ Energetech Strategy: alliances which are vital in commercialising the technology. • • • • Australian Greenhouse Office (AGO) Local councils and port authorities, particularly at Port Kembla Integral Energy: the Australian electricity retailer University of Sydney, University of New South Wales Queens University Belfast Reference: http://www.energetech.com.au/ Funding • 2004 Research & Development Grant of $1.21 million dollar by the Australian Federal Government's AusIndustry R&D Start Grant Program. Under the grant, the Australian Federal Government will match, dollar for dollar, the company's expenditure on it's Wave Energy Optimisation program 2003 Energetech received venture capital funding of US$2 million from a consortium of SAM Private Equity Fund, SAM Sustainability Fund, Prime New Energy AG, and RWE Dynamics Venture Capital Management GmbH. • Reference: http://www.energetech.com.au/ Port Kembla project partners Port Kembla Port Corporation NSW Department of Lands Wollongong City Council NSW Fisheries Integral Energy Australian Greenhouse Office Weight: Size: Materials Used: Position: 485 tonnes 36 metres long, 35 metres wide Structural steel 200 metres from Port Kembla Harbour breakwater Reference: http://www.energetech.com.au/ Energetech America LLC GreenWave Rhode Island project wave energy project in the United States. Planned for an area more than a mile off the southern coast of Rhode Island, outside the Harbor of Refuge near Point Judith. “GreenWave Rhode Island” pilot project is an estimated $3.5 million project to convert ocean waves into clean electricity. Operations are projected to begin in 2006 Reference: http://www.energetech.com.au/ Funding The pilot project, planned to operate for three years, has received $1 million in planning and development funds from the renewable energy funds of three New England states (Rhode Island, Massachusetts and Connecticut). The facility is planned as a not-for- profit operation intended to demonstrate the commercial viability of its wave energy technology. Research for the project is being conducted by the University of Rhode Island (URI). Reference: http://www.energetech.com.au/ UK model • • UK identifies ocean energy projects as a promising technology major gap between investor support of ocean energy projects and what is needed to make them a reality Response: combination of – revenue based support: 15 pence per Kwh – 25% capital grants Plan funded from £ 50M Marine research Deployment Fund (Aug 2004) Will support UK’s wave and tidal industry to construct demonstration farms • • • UK model cont. • Wave and Tidal Stream Energy Demonstration Scheme published by DTI (2005) to support pre-commercial operations New and Renewable Energy R&D Programme (past 5 years) becomes the Technology Programme Pre-commercial projects objectives: reduce cost of KWh by – Reducing capital cost – Increasing power capture efficiency – Improving reliability Reference: http://www.dti.gov.uk/renewables/renew_4.3.2.htm • • • Ocean Power Delivery Ltd Reference: http://www.oceanpd.com/ • OPD Ltd is an Edinburgh based company to develop the Pelamis WEC system. Building on technology developed for the offshore industry, each Pelamis machine has a rated power output of 750kW. W.S.Atkins, offshore consultant, has been advising OPD for two years, bringing experience in design and construction of offshore structures. First full-scale pre-production prototype has been deployed at the new European Marine Energy Centre in Orkney. The first offshore wave energy was sent to the grid. (Aug 14, 2004). • • • • A wave-farm consists of – a number of WEC machines – interlinked sharing a common sub-sea cable back to shore. In the case of the Pelamis WEC Example: – 30MW wave farm would consist of 40 machines occupying approximately one square kilometer, and would provide sufficient electricity for over 20,000 households. – Reference: http://www.oceanpd.com/ Ocean Power Delivery Ltd Model Test programme 80th Scale 35th Scale 35th Scale 20th Scale 20th Scale 20th Scale 33rd Scale 33rd Scale 7th Scale 33rd Scale 50th Scale 20th Scale 20th Scale 7th Scale 20th Scale Reference: Survivability Numerical model validation Alternative configurations Survivability Numerical model validation Power capture and mooring specification Power capture Power capture Systems verification on going Digital control systems Mooring response Survivability Control and Survivability Control systems Mooring response and development http://www.oceanpd.com/ May 1998 July 1998 July 1998 Sept 1999 Aug 2000 Oct 2000 Jan 2001 Aug 2001 Oct 2001 Mar 2002 Aug 2002 Oct 2002 Mar 2003 Apr 2003 Mar 2005 Pelamis test program Ocean Power Delivery Ltd 20th scale model 7th scale model 33rd scale model Reference: http://www.oceanpd.com/ Funding • March 2002, OPD Ltd. secured £6m (EUR 9.8m) funding from an international consortium of venture capital companies: – Norsk Hydro Technology Ventures, the venture capital arm of Norway's largest industrial company – 3i Europe's leading venture capital company – Zurich-based Sustainable Asset Management (SAM). • Each organization provided an equal level of funding to produce the largest investment of its kind in a wave power company. In June 2004, OPD Ltd. completed the first round of investment of over £7.5m, including £1.5m new investment from the Carbon Trust, which co-invested alongside OPD's existing venture capital investors. Reference: http://www.oceanpd.com/ • • Other projects • • The Seaflow Project, Marine Current Turbines (MCT) underwater windmill, a maximum of 300 kW in a 2.7 m/s current (5.5 knots). Extensive test program Phase II of this project should involve the design, manufacture, installation and testing of the first ‘full-size’ twin rotor system to be rated at 750-1200kW grid connected and completed by the end of 2005. Phase III is predicted to involve the installation of the first small farm of tidal turbines, intended to give an aggregate power for the system of about 4-5MW. Reference: http://www.marineturbines.com/home.htm • • • • Other projects cont. • • Wavegen The LIMPET (Land Installed Marine Powered Energy Transformer), 0.5MW. At the end of 2000 it successfully fed electricity into the local Islay electricity network Secured a 15-year Power Purchase Agreement with the major public electricity suppliers in Scotland. Wavegen has also a test facility sees partnership with the education sector as crucial to the ongoing development of wave power projects • • • Reference: http://www.wavegen.co.uk/ LIMPET PELAMIS SEAFLOW Reference: http://www.r-p-a.org.uk/home.fcm European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC) Ltd • established by : Highlands and Islands Enterprise Funding partners, including the Carbon Trust. To provide the facility for independent verification and testing of full scale, grid connected marine energy machines. officially opened on 10th August 2004. Pelamis WEC first to use the facility Reference: http://www.hie.co.uk/default.aspx?locid=0finewk91 • • • • European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC) Ltd • The Centre's facilities consist of four test berths situated along the 50m water depth contour off Billia Croo on the Orkney mainland (some 2km offshore) armored cables link each berth to a substation on shore link to an 11kV transmission cable connecting to the national grid and to a data/communications centre located in nearby Stromness Funding Reference: http://www.hie.co.uk/default.aspx?locid=0finewk91 • • • • Carbon Trust Reference: www.thecarbontrust.co.uk • • The Carbon Trust is an independent company funded by UK Government. Role of the Carbon Trust: – help the UK move to a low carbon economy help business and the public sector reduce carbon emissions now, to meet ongoing targets for CO2 emissions. – capture the commercial opportunities of low carbon technologies. – since 2001 committed £ 9.8M, leveraging £21M supports ground-breaking projects that demonstrate a potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions grants of up to £250K towards the cost of the project providing it also demonstrates: – Genuine innovation – Clear need or demand for the outputs of the project – Benefits the UK http://www.thecarbontrust.co.uk/energy • • An Ocean Technology Cluster: A Canadian resource Ocean technology cluster Oceans Advance.net Reference: http://www.oceansadvance.net/ • • • • • • • • NRC - Institute for Ocean Technology OTEC Ocean Technology Enterprise Centre MI Marine Institute MUN Memorial University of Newfoundland C - CORE Centre for Cold Ocean Research Industry Canada, Fisheries and Oceans Canada NRCAN, ACOA, IRAP SME Other resources • • • NRC CHC Vizon SciTec, BC research other IOT Institute for Ocean Technolgy About IOT http://iot-ito.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/about.html The Institute for Ocean Technology (IOT) was established in 1985 to provide technical expertise in support of Canada's ocean technology industries. The Institute's capability is unique to the nation — no other organization offers the combination of knowledge, experience and world-class facilities. IOT conducts ocean engineering research through modeling of ocean environments, predicting, evaluating and improving the performance of marine systems, and developing innovative technologies that bring benefits to the Canadian marine industry. More information may be had by contacting Noel Murphy: noel.murphy@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca About IOT • IOT has established a world-wide reputation for the excellence of its work, building an impressive record of collaborative and contractual research and a history of solid scientific achievement help to commercialize vessel prototypes, offshore technologies, underwater systems and more. carry out performance evaluations of ocean deployed systems in simulated ocean environment ongoing research projects provide long-term investment in knowledge required for Canada to compete in the international marketplace of the 21st century. • • • IOT Facilities major test facilities include: • • • • • Offshore Engineering Basin Towing Tank Ice Tank Cavitation Tunnel Other capability Offshore Engineering Basin One of the world's most advanced basins for testing models of bottom-mounted, moored or floating structures and ships. It is equipped with a multi-segmented wavemaker capable of producing long and short-crested waves, as well as current and wind generation systems. Current Direction Wave Makers Offshore Engineering Basin • Description • Wave Generation • Current Generation • Wind Generation Offshore Engineering Basin Offshore Engineering Basin Model Size: ship models up to 4.5m in length, floating or fixed structures 0.5m to 6m diameter. Instrumentation: wave measurement using capacitance and ultrasonic probes, pressure transducers and electromagnetic and acoustic flow meters, force measurement with strain gauge load cells. Data Acquisition: A VMS and Windows NT based distributed client/server system using one or more IOtech DaqBoards, each with 256 channel capability at 100kHz aggregate. Towing Tank • • • • • Description Carriage Wave Generator Wave Absorber Current Generation • Wind Generation Towing Tank is equipped with a wavemaker and is used for resistance, propulsion, wake survey, flow visualization, sea keeping and other investigations as ocean energy devices modelling. Towing Tank Towing tank Wavemaker Towing Tank Model Size Range: ships models up to 12m in length, floating structures 0.5m - 4m diameter. Instrumentation: force measurement, strain gauge load cells, capacitance and sonic wave probes, model position, Qualisys optical tracking, accelerometer arrays and motions package for model motions, propeller characteristics, open water propeller dynamometer, propulsion and control system for free-running models, under and above water video, transient recorders, and flow measurement. Tests Performed: (1) resistance and propulsion (3) flow visualization (5) seakeeping structures (7) loads due to wind and current (9) dynamics of underwater systems (2) wake survey (4) propeller open water (6) floating and moored (8) lift and drag (10) ocean energy systems Cavitation Tunnel Cavitation Tunnel Description: vertical plane, closed recirculation tunnel with a working section 2.2 m long and 0.5 m square. Cavitation Tunnel • • • • • • Type of Drive System Impeller Motor Power: 56 kW, 1500 rpm. Worling Section Max. Velocity: 12 m/s ABS. Pressures: 5.7 kPa to 200 kPa Cavitation Number Range: sigma = 0.8 to 3.0 for J = 0.5 to 1.5 Instrumentation Cavitation Tunnel • Propeller or Model Size Range: diameters from 130 to 250mm, 200mm typical. • Tests Performed: (1) propeller tests in uniform & non-uniform flows. (2) forces & pressure distributions on rudders, fins, hydrofoils, cable fairings, submerged bodies, etc. Ice Tank Ice Tank Ice Tank • • • • • • • Description Carriage Test Ice Model Size Instrumentation Data Acquisition Tests Performed: - ship resistance, ship self-propulsion and manoeuvering in ice. - ice forces on moored and fixed structures. -offshore simulation. Other resources • • • • • • • • • Full scale modern sea trials capability Instrumentation (including Triaxys directional wave buoy) Design and Fabrication Yacht Dynamometer Marine Dynamic Test Facility Planar Motion Mechanism Two cold rooms Fluid Dynamics software for CFD calculations Wave-current-structure interaction Design and Fabrication IOT has capability in all aspects of model construction and has on-site shops for machining, welding, carpentry, fibreglassing and painting. At the core of this capability is a computerized five-axis Milling Machine, used in shaping models of up to 12 metres in length. OTEC Ocean Technology Enterprise Centre a facility to assist in the growth and development of new ventures in ocean technology. With a Young Entrepreneurs Program and an Ocean Technology Co-Location Program, the centre helps new and established enterprises to develop their concepts and technologies in a supportive environment, with access to IOT facilities and expertise. Marine Institute Flume Tank Constructed at a cost of $ CAN 8.5 million. Opened in 1988, the flume tank provides the physical environment required to: • carry out performance evaluations and tests of equipment in simulated underwater and near surface conditions • provide consultancy and technical services • demonstrate the operations and behaviour of fixed and mobile systems in water. Flume Tank Dimensions: The test section is 8m wide x 4m deep x 22.25m long (the water level may be changed from 4m to 3m depth). Water Velocity: 0 - 1 metre per second Typically equivalent to: 6 knots at 1:10 scale, i.e. 3 m/s 2 knots at full scale, i.e. 1 m/s 58 m Towing tank MUN Levels of Canadian Funding Levels of Canadian Federal funding to renewable energy projects with a breakdown by sector. Federal Canadian Clean Energy Funding Initiatives Announced and Funded Since 2003* Sector • • • • • • • • • Biomass Fuel Cells Hydroelectric1 Solar2 Wave energy Wind energy3 Renewable energy (multi-technology/sustainable) Clean air Total Copyright NRC CISTI Funding $40,467,459 $98,784,413 $1,100,000 $39,846,032 $400,000 $27,499,484 $9,486,160 $6,603,352 $224,186,900 % 18.05% 44.06% 0.49% 17.77% 0.18% 12.27% 4.23% 2.95% Levels of Canadian Federal funding to renewable energy projects with a breakdown by sector. Cont. 1. Includes PERD funding of $700k identified only as small hydro. 2. Includes one project of $29.5m to an Ontario company. 3. Includes one project of $27.4m to an Alberta company. Methodology and hypothesis of study Search done by NRC – CISTI For more info emile.baddour@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca trish.leblanc@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca Copyright NRC CISTI Large pre-2003 Investments • • • • • • • • • • • Large pre-2003 Investments Biomass Fuel cells Solar General Clean air General Fuel cells Fuel cells Wind Total Copyright NRC CISTI Agency Funding CFI $1,130,120 CFI $481,200 CFI $140,000 CFI $3,593,973 CFI $125,000 CFI $1,222,270 CFI $828,163 CFI $282,547 CFI $186,980 $7,990,253 Organization UBC U Ottawa BCIT UBC UBC UBC Simon Fraser U Alberta U Quebec NRC – CISTI for more info emile.baddour@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca trish.leblanc@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca Conclusions • • Ocean energy is a huge resource in Canada Ocean Energy harnessing is an emerging technology and at the confluence of a number of technologies. Designs are evolving. R,D & D : Models, Prototypes, demonstration projects Ocean Energy network, collaboration, education Funding gap ? Time is right : clean air, significant opportunities, collaboration opportunities, e.g. wind energy sector • • • • Acknowledgments • • • • IC Marine Branch G. Lewis, R. Ladha, NL branch NRC, CISTI T. Leblanc NRC, IOT collaborators & colleagues F. Winsor Photographs: web sites of organizations cited in this presentation. For more info: Emile Baddour, PhD emile.baddour@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca OR noel.murphy@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca Institute for Ocean Technology Arctic Avenue P.O.Box 12093 St. John’s, NL, A1B 3T5 CANADA Phone: 709 772 0817