Lesson 13
Mobile Multimedia Service Over Wireless Networks
• • • • • • • • Mobility and Universal Services Wireless LAN (Local Area Network) Wireless WAN (Wide Area Network) 3G Wireless Networks and IMT-2000 FOMA and DoCoMo Mobile Services WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) Wireless Media Service and WMF Techniques and Challenges in Mobile Multimedia
What is Mobility?
Terminal mobility: A terminal that moves
- Between different geographical locations - Between different networks - Laptop, PDA, cellular phone, etc
User mobility: A person who moves
- Between different geographical locations - Between different networks - Between different communication devices - Between different applications
Service mobility
- A communication & information system can serve mobile device/user - Mobile service vs fixed service - Fixed networks, i.e., wired Internet, provides such service for PC/WS - Mobile networks, i.e., wireless Internet, supports mobile device/user
Universal Service
Universal Service = Fixed Service + Mobile Service
-- Enable anybody to communicate with anyone and get required information from any terminal at anywhere in anytime
Anybody Anyone Any terminal Anywhere Anytime
Multimedia: from Desktop, to Internet, to Hand-helds, and to Wireless Terminals
Data Farms / Storage
Edge server
E-Commerce Server Media Server
Web Server Edge server
Apps/DB Server
Wireless Comm Server
Wireless Communications
General Wireless Communication Model
t
Analogy Communication
Source
Transmitter t
Wireless Network
Receiver
Destination
Digital Communication Frequency (Hz) 102 103 104 105
106
107
1GHz 10GHz 108 109 1010 1011
1012
1013 1014 1015
Visible light
ELF VF VLF LF
Power Telephone Music Microphone
MF HF VHF UHF SHF EHF
Microwave
Terrestrial Relay Satellite Comm. Mobile Comm. Wireless LAN
Radio Radio Broadcast Television HF Communication Sea Communication
Infrared
Laser Comm. Missile Comm.
Optical Comm.
Multiple Access Control (MAC)
Multiple access: to effectively utilize limited frequency resources by enabling multiple users to share radio communications channels to simultaneously conduct communications. Three types of systems FDMA - Frequency Division Multiple Access TDMA - Time Division Multiple Access CDMA - Code Division Multiple Access
FDMA
Code Space
TDMA
Code Space
CDMA
Code Space
Time
Time
Time
Frequency
Frequency
Frequency
Wireless LAN
Wireless LAN: small range (< 100m) IEEE 802.11 (similar to Ethernet)
- Defined by IEEE (Institute for Electrical and Electronic Engineers) - Access control: CSMA/CD (only one can send each time similar to TDMA, listen and transmit if no other transmission, otherwise wait) - Speed: 2Mbps (infrared), >10Mbps (Microwave, 2.4/5.2GHz)
HIPERLAN
- Defined by ETSI (European Telecommunication Standard Institute) - Access control: dynamic TDMA - Speed: 25Mbps (5GHz) and 155Mbps (17GHz)
HomeRF
- Defined by Home Radio Frequency Working Group (Industry, 1998) - Access control: similar IEEE 802.11 with priority and reservation control - Speed: 10Mbps (2.4GHz), support both data, voice and streaming
Bluetooth
- Defined by Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG, industry) - Access control: TDD (Time Division Duplex) with circuit and packet switch - Speed: >1Mbps
WLAN Frequency & Bluetooth Applications
26 Mhz 83.5 Mhz 125 Mhz
902 Mhz
928 Mhz Wireless LANs
2.4 Ghz 2.4835 Ghz
5.725 Ghz
5.785 Ghz High-speed WLAN/UWB
802.11, Bluetooth
Wireless Access System Frequency in JAPAN
Frequency 2.4GHz band 5GHz
outdoor
indoor
22/26/38 GHz
25/27 GHz
Wireless LAN Wireless access
60GHz
Wireless LAN Wireless access
usage
Wireless LAN Wireless Wireless LAN Wireless access access
FWA
Bandwidth
(MHz) Radio Station
100 free
10 -> 20
Ordinance for enhancemen t settled
160
required (base station)
100 free 20-50
Products emerges since last autumn
2880
Required
940 free 100
Ordinance Settled Expects Products this autumn
7000
LAN:free
License
Transmissio n speed (Mbps)
5-50
Ordinance will be settled this summer
156
MPHPT issues license to 15 operators
Some of 100s
Products emerges since last year
Note
Ultra-Wideband (UWB)
Regulated in the US since February 2002
UWB is available spectrum, not a specific technology 7,500MHz of unlicensed spectrum First regulation ever that allows spectrum sharing: low emission limit (-41.3dBm/MHz EIRP) doesn’t cause harmful interference Transmitters need to occupy at least 500MHz all the time UWB devices are NOT defined as impulse radios or by any specific modulation
Enough spectrum to reach much higher data rates than in the ISM band (83.5MHz at 2.4GHz) or the U-NII bands (300MHz at 5GHz) Optimized for short-distances applications
UWB Communication/Network
UWB is wireless personal area networking (WPAN) technology for transmitting data Quickly Cost-effectively 110Mbps @ 10m With low power consumption
.11n promises 100Mbps @ 100m
1000
UWB
Data Rate (Mbps)
Short 200Mbps @ 4m Distance Fast download 100
480Mbps @ 2m
UWB
Room-range High-definition Quality of service, streaming
802.11a/b/g/n Data Networking
10
Bluetooth
1 1 10 100
Source: Texas Instruments
UWB Application Vision
Personal Wireless Storage/Wallet Photo Printer Share video clips Music & Photos
Photo & Video Clip Display
SHARE and EXCHANGE Create New User Models not possible in the Cabled World Connecting PC, CE and Mobile Segments
Media Center
In Car Media center & video
Multi Channel Speakers
UWB R&D History
Notice of Inquiry Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
Multiband Coalition Becomes
Multiband Coalition Forms
Approval for Unlicensed UWB
Announces Formation of SIG
Forms Standards based on WiMedia UWB Released
Approval of MBOA Waiver Request
and Merge Proposal Reviewed by Ecma
First WiMedia Products Introduced
• Four years of public debate before FCC issues approval
• Four years of standards debates in IEEE yield two competing approaches • Majority of competing approaches align into single standard: Multiband OFDM (MB-OFDM)
Wireless WAN
W-WAN (Wireless Wide Area Network): city, country, continent, the globe
1G (1st generation) wireless networks (1980’s) - Analog and FDMA, Data rate: < 2.4Kbps 2G wireless networks (1990’s) - Digital and TDMA/CDMA - 2G: GSM, PDC, IS-136, IS96/CDMAOne, Data rate: 10Kbps - 2.5G: GPRS, EDGE, IS-95B, Data rate: 64Kbps 3G wireless networks (2000’s) - Digital and CDMA: WCDMA, UWC136, CDMA2000 - Data rate: 144Kbps (Vehicular), 384Kbps (Pedestrian), 2Mbps (Indoor) 4G wireless networks - Research/service is under going
3G: W-CDMA
Multimedia and high volume data communication
Voice, data, images, videos, etc.
2G: Digital Voice & data (e.g. i-mode)
1G: Analog
Voice
International Mobile Telecommunication
Status of IMT-2000
Interface Transmission Speed Frequency band
W-CDMA
384kbps
2GHz
(1X) 144kbps CDMA 2000 (1X EV-DO) max. 2.4Mbps 800MHz
Domestic Status NTT Docomo 2001.10: Launch Subscribers: 421thousands (As of Apr,2003) J-Phone 2002.12: Launch Subscribers: 34thousands (As of Apr,2003) KDDI 2002.4:Launch(1X) Subscribers: 7,511thousands (As of Apr,2003)
Foreign Status Europe Around the beginning of 2003 Launch (UK) Korea Trial service launch
Korea 2000.9 : Launch(1X) 2001.12: Launch(1X EV-DO) USA 2002.1: Launch(1X) China 2003.1: Launch(1X)
2GHz
KDDI 2003.4: Trial service launch (1X EV-DO)
Systems beyond IMT-2000
Systems beyond IMT-2000
A long-term plan required for R&D and allocating frequency
Key Elements
1. Very high-speed communication
(50-100Mbps) equivalent to OPT fiber
Mobility
New Elements
of Systems Beyond
High IMT2000 Enhanced IMT-2000
Enhancement
Mobile
2. All IP network (IPV6) 3. Integration of cellular type and wireless LAN type system. 4. Use of Software Defined Radio technology
(Note:3G network will not be replaced by new elements, rather co-exists with them)
Access
(4G)
Medium
Low
Nomadic / Local area
wireless access
1
10
100
Communication speed (Mbit/s)
Mobile Multimedia Access
Mobile Internet Access
1200
Internet
Subscribers (millions)
1000 800 600 400 200 0 Fixed Mobile
0
1
2
3
4
5
6 0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
2
2
2
2
0
Year
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
Source: Ericsson
Mobile Multimedia Data Service
2,000
1G
2G
3G
Video Streaming
Data Transmission Speed - k bps
384 Audio Streaming
Video Conference (Lower quality)
Remote Medical Video Service Conference (Medical (High quality) image)
Still Imaging
144
Video on Demand: Sports, News Weather
Text Messaging
128
Voice
64
Voice Mail
Electronic Newspaper JPEG Still Photos
Image Mobile TV Video Surveillance, Video Mail, Travel
E-Commerce
32
Fax E-Mail
Electronic Publishing
Karaoke
Mobile Radio
9.6
Telephone (Voice)
0
Data Weather, Traffic, News, Sports, Stock updates
Audio Voice-driven Web Pages Streaming Audio
PDC-P Network and i-mod Server
FOMA
Freedom of Mobile Multimedia Access Used in Japan for NTT DoCoMo's 3G service W-CDMA Service starts from October 1, 2001
FOMA Terminals
The FOMA N2001 model delivers high-speed data communications, remarkably clear voice quality and handles multitasking, such as simultaneous voice and i-mode
The FOMA P2101V model is equipped with an actual video camera and large color screen for advanced multimedia communications, including videophone.
Please visit the associated websites to get the newest ones!
The FOMA P2401 is a card-type model that enables portable PCs to be used for mobile packet transmission of data at a downlink speed of up to 384 kbps or 64 kbps for uploading
Current and Future FOMA Services
WAP (Wireless Application Protocol)
Performance of mobile terminal
Desktop Laptop PDA Cell Phone CPU/NetB/Power High Middle Low Very Low M/Storage/Screen Large Middle Small Very Small
Need special OS: PalmOS, EPOC, Windows CE, OS/9, JavaOS Need special data representation, delivery, browser WAP Forum is the industry association to develop world standard for wireless information and telephony services on digital mobile phones, pagers, PDA and other wireless terminals WAP is an open, global specification for mobile users with wireless devices to easily access and interact with information and services
WAP is an analogy of Internet protocol for wireless networks WAP Forum works closely with W3C and IETF
WAP Protocol Stack
WAP Dev
WML/CHTML
WP-HTTP WP-TLS WP-TCP WL-IP Wireless
WAP Gateway/Proxy WP-TCP TCP WL-IP IP Wireless Wired
Web Server XML/HTML HTTP TLS TCP IP Wired
WML (Wireless Markup Language) and simplified XHTML CHTML (simplified HTML) from DoCoMo is included for i-mod WP-HTTP is a wireless profiled HTTP, 1.1 compatible WP-TLS is a wireless profiled TLS (Transport Layer Security) WP-TCP is a wireless profiled TCP, optimized for wireless environment
WMF (Wireless Multimedia Forum)
WMF is an international, multi-vendor forum for vendors developing
products, services and information focused on the delivery of rich media content to and from an exploding number of mobile, wireless devices.
WMF Application Areas
1. SMM: Streaming multimedia (on-demand/live/scheduled audio & video) 2. DMM: Downloading multimedia 3. UMM: Uploading multimedia 4. MMM: Multimedia messaging (e.g. video email) 5. WVS: Wireless Video Surveillance (e.g. wireless video camera) 6. MMC: Real-time multimedia communication (e.g. videoconferencing) 7. IMG: Interactive multimedia games
The WMF End-to-End System Model
Content Content Creation Subsystem Content Stream
Wireless Stream
Multimedia Distribution Subsystem
File Storage
Wireless Multimedia Terminal Wireless Multimedia Terminal Wireless Multimedia Terminal
Data Transform for Optimal Wireless Delivery
• • • Send out content from origin Internet servers to different devices/demands Reduce media data via reduce quality: color, size, resolution, sample/frame rate Devise/Content-based transformation, transmission, presentation, etc. called transcoding, scalable coding, adaptive coding, …
Armando Fox
PhD Candidate, UC Berkeley Computer Science Division Advisor: Eric Brewer
Example of a Scalable Coding
Original
0.384 Mbps
2 Mbps
0.144 Mbps
Mobile Multimedia Challenges
Adaptive Decoding - Optimizing rich digital media for mobile information devices with limited processing power, limited battery life and varying display sizes Error Resilience - Delivering rich digital media over wireless networks that have high error rates and low and varying transmission speeds Network Access - Delivering rich digital media without adversely affecting the delivery of voice and data services Negotiable QoS for IP multimedia sessions as well as for individual media components