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Columbia Lake East
Forest Ingrowth Management Strategy
Submitted By: Jeff Allen Forest Consultants
Introduction
The purpose of this document is to develop a strategic plan for the implementation of the Kootenay
Boundary Land Use Plan NDT4 Guidelines within the East Side Columbia Lake Wildlife Management
Area. The intent of these guidelines is to “improve the productivity and health of fire-maintained forests
and rangelands by restoring stand structure and species composition through modern methods of logging,
thinning and prescribed burning”. Previous resource uses and management practices, including harvesting,
grazing, Christmas tree activities, and fire suppression have resulted in excessive overstocking of pole sized
Douglas-fir of low quality and degrading open grasslands dominated by lower quality grass’ and shrubs.
This has lead to degraded ecological values within this internationally significant critical Bighorn Sheep
habitat and ungulate winter range. This area is also significant in that all terrestrial Identified Wildlife (as
per the Identified Wildlife Management Strategy), except Fisher, use the East Kootenay Trench ecosection
(appendix A).
This report covers the East Columbia Lake Wildlife Management Area, as designated within the Kootenay
Boundary Land Use Plan - Implementation Strategy, from Canal Flats in the south to Fairmont Hot Springs
in the north, from the foreshore of Columbia Lake in the west to the height of land in the east (appendix B).
Elevations of the study area range from a minimum of approximately 820m in the west along Columbia
Lake to a maximum of 2640m in the northeast (Fairmont Mountain). This elevation range covers three
biogeoclimatic Zones and three Natural Disturbance Types (as designated within the Forest Practices Code
of B.C. Biodiversity Guidebook - 1995) including the Windermere Lake unit of the Interior Douglas fir-
undifferentiated (IDFun); the Montane Spruce-Dry Cool (MSdk); and the Englemann Spruce-Subalpine
Fir-Dry Cool (ESSFdk) and Dry Cool Parkland. These sub-zones include Natural Disturbance Types
(NDT) 4, 3, 3, and 5 respectively.
1.0 Methodology
The study area was initially mapped by land ownership, tenure holders and previous activities to determine
feasible areas for the re-introduction of fire (ie Active christmas tree permits are not considered for the re-
introduction of fire). Initial treatment units were designated using existing roads and natural fire breaks,
where available, as boundaries.
Once the treatment units were identified the areas were assessed to determine which series of treatments
were required in-order to restore stand structure and species composition.
Each treatment unit has been scheduled using an Early, Desired and Latest date. The desired scheduling is
designed to allow for a steady state burning plan over an approximate 30 year cycle, over a 100 year
planning horizon. It was considered desirable to have all the preparatory activities (ie harvesting and
spacing) and at least on prescribed burn completed on all treatment units prescribed for fire re-introduction
completed in the first 30 year period (ie between 2002 and 2032).
3.0 Guiding Principles
The following guiding principles were used to set treatment scheduling:
(a) The Kootenay/Boundary Fire-Maintained Ecosystem Restoration Components and Targets (Table 1)
and the Kootenay Boundary Land Use Plan Fire Maintained Ecosystem (NDT4) Management
Guidelines (Table 2) would guide, but not dictate, areas to be managed under each of the 4 ecosystem
component types within any individual treatment unit. Rather the percentage of each component would
be considered for the entire NDT4 within the Invermere Forest District. This could mean that any
given plan area could potentially exceed or lack in any given component.
(b) The current levels of crown closure, over the entire management unit, would be the maximum
allowable over time.
(c) Current tenure holders would be respected in the development of the strategy.
(d) It is desirable to reintroduce fire into these ecosystems in-order to keep crown closure in check,
invigorate shrubs and grass’, and reduce the risk of catastrophic wildfires or pathogen outbreak.
(e) Stand tending activities and harvesting prior to initiation of burns, to capture existing volumes and
avoid wasting current under sized volumes would be employed were possible.
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(f) A goal of initiating burns, and thus all pre-burn activities, within 30 years, on all areas except managed
forest areas, would allow for the capture of volumes existing on sites and also be a realistic time frame
for implementation of this initiative. Once all units have reached desired stand structures a rotational
prescription of burning, resting, stand tending and harvesting, to maintain desired stocking
levels/crown closures would be implemented.
(g) Harvesting could occur over time in all ecosystem components, where stand structures warrant.
(h) It is understood that restoration activities such as burning and road/trail building may have an impact
on the spread of noxious weeds. A diligent program of monitoring and treatments should be
incorporated into all operational plans.
TREATMENT UNIT ONE
Overview:
This unit is located at the south end of the study area immediately north and east of Canal Flats.
The unit consists of ingrown age class 4-8 Douglas-fir (Fdi) and Ponderosa Pine (Py). Crown closure
currently ranges from 5-65%, with the majority being in the 50-65% range. The terrain within this unit
consists of rock outcroppings and talus slopes along the west facing slopes with a glaciolacustrine terrace
along the south facing slopes at the base of Mount Sabine.
This unit includes an Ecological Reserve at the north end of the unit and Christmas tree permit C00128 in
the southeast portion of the unit. As well, a residential development along the southeastern shore of
Columbia Lake is of concern. This subdivision has its water supplied from water sources originating
within the study area. There is also a radio tower located along the shores of Columbia Lake.
Stratum A:
This stratum is located on a glaciolacustrine terrace with slopes ranging from 0 to 70% and a predominately
south facing aspect. There are minor gully structures throughout the unit. Elevation ranges from
approximately 900m to 1230m, near the Mount Sabine cliff base. The upper portions of this stratum grade
into the talus slopes/cliff bands (stratum B) along the base of Mount Sabine.
Prior to the last harvest (est. > 40yrs bp) the stand consisted of an uneven-aged large diameter (>40cm dbh)
Douglas-fir dominated stand with a minor component of Ponderosa Pine, as evidenced by the existing
stumps. The removal of the larger diameter stems released the intermediate and suppressed Fdi and Py as
well as resulting in the regeneration of a Fdi and Juniper understory. Currently this stand consists of an
uneven-aged Fdi dominated stand with scattered dominant Py. Stem quality of the dominant layer is low
due to extensive scarring on the older stems, a high live crown ratio and very high taper. Scattered
throughout the stand is a pole sized Fdi dominated intermediate layer growing in clumps of 2000 to 4000
stems per ha. This type is located primarily on micro-topographic north facing and more neutral slopes.
However, in the vicinity of Christmas Tree Permit number C00128 this type becomes common on south
facing slopes.
The understory currently consists of high levels of Juniper ingress (Juniperus communis and Juniperus
scopulorum) and scattered Sheperdia canadensis. There are scattered remnant bunch grass' throughout the
type. Understory development is being negatively impacted by the high crown closure throughout the
stratum. There is evidence of previous Christmas tree activity scattered throughout the stratum, which has
resulted in many of the pole sized stems being forked and/or of poor form.
There is, as mentioned above, an active Christmas Tree Permit (Number C00128) located adjacent to this
stratum. The holder has been actively managing this permit, with extensive thinning and pruning
operations occurring over the last 2-3 yrs. Protection of this permit would be priority in the restoration of
this stratum. There are access trails in place along the boundaries of portions of the permit. However,
upgrading would be required for fireguard use.
This stratum has been identified as a high priority restoration area for Rocky Mountain Bighorn Sheep
(Ovis canadensis) winter range improvements. Reduction of crown closure to both improve the understory
development and increase sight lines is required to meet this objective. However, due to the majority of the
merchantable volumes being in the larger diameter Fdi and Py, and the fact that these same stems are
2
desirable components in the "restored stand", harvesting at this time would be marginal, and/or detrimental
to the overall stand structure. In order to retain the large diameter Fdi and Py in historic densities, and
allow for recruitment over time, thinning from below and slashing of the juniper layer is required, followed
by the reintroduction of fire. A harvest approximately 30-40 yrs in the future would then remove a
proportion of the dominant stems. Within this unit consideration should be given to leaving patches of non
treated areas within the middle of the unit to allow for crown firing, with resulting thicket and/or snag
habitats, thereby increasing structural diversity.
This prescription would require the establishment of a fireguard on all boundaries except portions in the
north, as the Mount Sabine cliff band is in an excellent natural guard.
Stratum B:
Stratum B consists of the talus slopes and cliff bands located along the base of Mount Sabine. This entire
stratum is considered to be non-productive ground for timber production. Slopes range from 10% to
vertical, with the majority of the unit having greater than 50% slopes. Aspects range from due south to due
west. The combination of slope, talus substrate and aspect results in a very hot xeric regime for this entire
stratum. Soils in this type are discontinuous resulting in a discontinuous vegetation cover, which limits the
use of fire in this type, while making portions of it an excellent natural fireguard.
It appears that due to the physiographic feature of this stratum that broad scale fires did not play a role in
the vegetative structure of this unit, due to lack of fuel continuity. Ground fires would have historically
been limited in this type. Insects and spot fires, due to lightening strikes, probably were the major
regenerative processes. As a result, the current stand structure of large diameter, old full crowned Fdi, and
large diameter (> 20cm) and tall (>3m) juniper is probably similar to the historic norm.
Due to the discontinuous understory broadcast burning is neither feasible nor desirable in this type. This
type would require very hot dry conditions, with high winds to carry a burn through the stratum.
The Columbia Lake Ecological Reserve (Stratum E) is located at the north end of the stratum. Discussions
with B.C. Parks staff (Will Van Delft) indicate that human interventions are not allowed within these
reserves.
Spot burning, either manually with hand drip torches or with a heli torch, in conjunction with stratum C
(see below) would be of benefit in stratum B.
Stratum C:
This unit is similar to Stratum B but has a slightly more northwest aspect, with a more continuous soil
veneer, and resultant higher crown closure. Current stand age of 100-120 yrs, with few large diameter
older stems indicates that historically this unit had a more open stand structure than exists today.
The unit is currently stocked with an age class 6-7 Douglas-fir dominated stand with 65-80% crown
closure. Arboreal lichen development is advanced. Average piece size is less than 20cm with poor height
(< 13m) and quality. Site index is mapped at 10m. Merchantability is poor given the high development
costs that would be required to harvest the stand. Road development would require establishment across a
visually sensitive area (not considered feasible).
Due to the location of this stratum in a high lightening strike area the reintroduction of fire is desirable.
This should be accomplished through spot burning, in the fall, to increase the structural diversity of the
stratum by burning out small patches in the 0.5 to 5.0 ha range.
Stratum D:
Stratum D consists of extensive rock outcroppings and talus slopes with scattered Fdi, Pa (Pf), and juniper.
This stratum has no commercial forestry potential. The stratum is physiographically similar to stratums B
3
and C but is separated due to its proximity to the residential developments along the southeast shore of
Columbia Lake (this stratum includes private lands). This stratum should be managed as an interface area
and manually treated to reduce the fire hazard. Douglas-fir beetle (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae) is killing
the larger diameter class' resulting in excellent wildlife tree distribution. However, due to the proximity to
Canal Flats firewood cutters are removing these snags as they become available. A program of education
and signage should be initiated throughout the Wildlife Habitat Area in order to combat this problem
Stratum E:
This stratum is part of stratum B but has been delineated due to its legal designation as an Ecological
Reserve (Columbia Lake Ecological Reserve). No treatments are allowed, by regulation, to occur within
this stratum. Currently insects are the primary disturbance agent in this site. Douglas-fir beetle is currently
killing the older age class', resulting in a good distribution of wildlife trees.
4
TREATMENT SCHEDULE FOR TREATMENT UNIT ONE
Stratum Ecosytem Treatment Year Objectives/Comments
Component
Early Desired For Latest
Steady State Opportunity
Burn Levels
A Open Forest Slash/ Thin 2002 2002 2007 Space sub-merch., non-merch., and juniper thickets to enhance
with inclusions from below stand quality and further reduce crown closure to create open
of Open Range range/open forest conditions in approximately 30 years. Pile and
and minor Burn slash to set up for prescribed habitat enhancement
thickets underburns.
Burn hand piles 2004 2004 2009 Burn to maintain/enhance the forage values by rejuvenating grass’,
forbs and shrubs.
Broadcast Burn 2006 2012-2032 2015-2032 Allow rejuvenation of understory prior to initiation of broadcast
burns. Burn to control ingress of conifers.
Harvest 2032 2032 2042
B Open Forest Spot Burn 2002 2002-2009 2009 Spot burning to increase structural diversity within this old growth
(Talus slope/ area.
outcropping
habitats
C Open Forest Spot Burn 2002 2002-2009 2009 Spot burning to increase structural diversity within this old growth
(Talus slope/ area.
outcropping
habitats
D Open Forest Manually Slash 2002 2002 2010 Manually slash as a sub-urban interface fire hazard reduction tool.
(Talus slope/
outcropping
habitats
E Open Forest No Treatment N/A N/A N/A Ecological Reserve
(Talus slope/
outcropping
habitats
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TREATMENT UNIT TWO
Overview:
This unit is located immediately north of treatment unit one bounded by Columbia Lake to the west and the
upper elevations (managed forest) of the Wildlife Habitat Area to the east. The terrain consists of a gully
system oriented primarily east-west (ie north-south facing side slopes) with side slopes in the 40-80%
range. The gully bottoms consist of riparian types dominated by a mixed forest overstory of Fdi, Lw
(Western Larch), Sx (Spruce), Ep (Birch) and At (Aspen) and a diverse shrub layer. Overall the gully
bottom types are somewhat unique in the lower elevations of the East Columbia Wildlife Habitat Area.
This type supplies excellent habitat to a variety of species including birds, rodents and furbearers.
There have been restoration works completed in the southern portion of this unit (stratum 2A), and a minor
amount of current harvesting in the upper, eastern portion (stratum 2D)
Stratum A:
Stratum A consists of upland open range and open forest types that have been previously treated through
thinning of Fdi thickets. Elevations range from approximately 820m along Columbia Lake to 925m near
the communications towers. The area is characterized by a glaciolacustrine veneer, interspersed with rock
outcroppings.
The previous stand, based on stump distribution and current stand age, appears to have been an open
forest/open range matrix. The area has seen extensive stand management treatments, approximately >15yrs
bp, resulting in an open forest/open range matrix. There are no pre-treatments required prior to the re-
introduction of fire, which at this time is more of a maintenance tool to keep ingress in check than to reduce
crown closure. There is a minor amount of juniper ingress, as well as pole sized Fdi thickets currently
existing in this stratum, however, introduction of fire is expected to reduce the levels of both these
components.
Firewood cutters are active in the area and should be allowed to extract the poorer quality stems, as a
previous volume removal has resulted in only poor quality stems being available for removal.
This area has been identified as high priority for sheep habitat improvements, and is currently extensively
used by sheep during the winter months. Upwards of 25 sheep were observed, on multiple occasions,
utilizing this area during fieldwork for this report.
A communications facility (tower) is located immediately south of the southern boundary of the stratum.
Stratum B:
The stratum consists of a deeply incised east-west running gully system with its associated
riparian/receiving site bottoms and steep side slopes. Elevations range from 820m along Columbia Lake to
approximately 1000m near the eastern end along an upper access road. Side slopes in this stratum are
upwards of 70%.
Due to the deeply incised gully system and existence of receiving areas this stratum would naturally have a
greater propensity to produce a closed forest canopy of mixed species, which is evidenced by the old age
class Fdi, Sx. Lw, Ep, Ac and At currently on site. This stratum historically contained some of the largest
diameter and height stems within the entire Wildlife Habitat Area.
Currently this stratum consists of a mixed forest, in the gully bottoms, dominated by an overstory of
mature/old Fdi, Sx, Lw, and Ep, At, and Ac. The understory consists of a healthy shrub layer of Red-Osier
Dogwood (Cornus sericea), Douglas Maple (Acer glabrum) and Prickly Rose (Rosa asicularis) among
others. The steep north facing slopes are characterized by pole sized Fdi reaching full crown closure, with
an understory dominated only by moss, while the south facing slopes have a more open crown structure
(<40%) with juniper being the dominant understory shrub.
This unit should be managed as a fire refugia type and allowed to develop without active volume removal
or introduction of fire.
6
Stratum C:
Stratum C is located on upland, primarily west to south-west facing slopes adjacent to the riparian type
(stratum 2B). Harvesting has previously occurred within this stratum indicating that previous stand
structure was a multi-layered Fdi dominated stand of large diameter (up to 60cm at stump height).
This stand now consists of an immature pole sized Douglas-fir dominated stand with an average diameter
less than 16cm dbh. Crown closure is high (est 65-80%). Openings in the stand are dominated by juniper
ingrowth, which is contributing to the reduction in understory shrub and herbaceous vigour.
This stratum is located in an area that has been identified for priority sheep habitat restoration.
A combination conifer thinning and juniper slashing should be carried out within this stratum to promote a
more open crown structure, resulting in greater sight lines for sheep security and rejuvenation of the
understory.
Terrain makes the use of a burning sloop impractical, requiring the use of hand burn piles to reduce the
slash loading following treatment.
Stratum D:
Stratum D is characterized by two north-west to west flowing drainage gullies that both flow into stratum
B. Side slopes are upwards of 80%. Soils are comprised of glaciolacustrine silts, as are common
throughout the lower benches of the East Columbia Lake unit. The upper reaches of this stratum grade into
the MSdk biogioclimatic zone. The upper boundary is located along a main access road to be used as a
fireguard at time of broadcast burning.
The south facing slopes were previously an open structure with widely spaced large diameter Fdi.
The gully bottoms and north facing slopes have higher crown closure consisting primarily of Fdi.
The south facing slopes currently consist of widely spaced Fdi with an understory of juniper, while neutral
and north facing slopes have high crown closure of primarily Fdi, with Western Larch (Lw) coming into the
stand at the upper elevations. Volumes within the stratum overall are low-moderate.
Redstem Ceanothus (Ceanothus sanguineus) was observed in the upper elevations of this unit, in an old
cutblock area.
The steep, broken terrain is the main concern, with regards to the re-introduction of fire, within this stratum.
As well a small portion of an old cutblock (logged 1988-1990) extends into this stratum. Amendments to
the stocking standards for this block must be completed prior to the re-introduction of fire.
This unit is not located within a priority sheep habitat restoration area, but is immediately adjacent to
priority areas (stratum 2A, 2B, 2C) that are currently being used as winter range. Treatments within this
unit should promote a variable stand structure with lower end open forest/open range on the south facing
slopes with a higher crown closure open forest structure on the neutral and north facing slopes. The stratum
could eventually be incorporated into a prescribed burn along with stratum 3, as fireguards are currently in
place to allow for this.
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TREATMENT SCHEDULE FOR TREATMENT UNIT TWO
Stratum Ecosystem Treatment Year Objectives/Comments
Component
Early Desired For Latest
Steady State Opportunity
Burn Levels
A Open No Treatment N/A N/A N/A
Forest/Open
Range
Spot Burn 2004 2004 2009 Burn to maintain/enhance the forage values by rejuvenating grass’,
forbs and shrubs.
B Shrub/Riparian No Treatment N/A N/A N/A Manage as Fire Refugia
C Open Forest Thinning from 2002 2002 2009 Thin to open Forest densities.
Below Pile and burn slash manually.
D Open Forest Harvest 2010 2010 2020 Harvest to create Open Forest/Open Range mosaic across this
aspect variable site in preparation for the re-introduction of fire.
Broadcast Burn 2012 2012 2022 Burn to maintain open structure, while promoting recruitment of
conifers.
Initiate burning 2 years after the preparatory spacing has been completed. If funding and market conditions allow for an accelerated level of spacing and
harvest burning should be moved up accordingly.
8
TREATMENT UNIT THREE
Overview:
Treatment unit three is being proposed for restoration through harvesting and the reintroduction of fire.
The unit is located on the upper slopes above the glaciolacustrine terraces, with elevations ranging from
approximately 985m to1500m, incorporating the upper end of the IDFun and MSdk biogeoclimatic zones.
Terrain is relatively even with slopes in the 20 to 50% range, with inclusions of steeper slopes, especially in
the north end of the unit which grades into dispersed rock outcroppings. This area is considered potential
sheep escape cover if sight lines were increased, through an Open Forest/Open Range stocking mosaic.
The east and west boundaries of this unit are located along existing access roads, which were selected due
to their being excellent guards for the reintroduction of fire. The north boundary of the unit runs east-west
along an unnamed creek draw, with the south end located along the north edge of stratum 2D. Both the
north and south boundaries will need to have fireguards established. This could be accomplished through a
combination of mechanical works and manual grub lines and/or blacklines.
This treatment unit has private lands (Lot 345) located within its boundaries. These lands are currently
owned by the Nature Conservancy Canada. Consultation will be required to allow for the implementation
of restoration activities over this area.
Stratification of this treatment unit is based on existing forest cover. Currently there are three cover class'
within this treatment unit:
Stratum A
Stratum A consists of previously harvested areas that are currently stocked with residual pole sized Fdi and
regenerating Fdi and Lodgepole Pine (Pl). No pretreatment for cover management would be required
within this stratum prior to the re-introduction of fire, if the re-introduction occurs with the next 4-5 yrs.
However, inorder to combine this stratum with strata B and C following harvesting a pre-slashing treatment
will be required to ensure full effects of restoration will be achieved (spring burns may not kill enough
regen.). Slashing once in the near future will maintain this stratum in an open range/open forest state until
the harvesting occurs in strata B and C, at which time all strata can be combined into a burning unit for
maintenance of an open forest type.
Stratum B
Stratum B consists mainly of immature age class 4 Fdi with inclusions of age class 6. Overall the timber on
this site is of low merchantability due to a combination of small diameters, short heights and terrain.
Harvesting of this stratum is required prior to the re-introduction of fire to ensure that the objectives for an
Open Forest/Open Range mosaic can be achieved. Harvesting should be deferred to the end of this plans
30 year initial time horizon.
Stratum C
Stratum C consists of the "mature" Fdi types within the treatment unit consisting of age class 7 and 8
stands. This type should be harvested to allow for the establishment of an Open Forest/Open Range
mosaic, and the re-introduction of fire. There are small inclusions of existing harvesting within this type
along the east boundary, which were harvested between 1988-1990 and will need to have stocking
standards amended to meet the objectives of Open Forest stocking.
Subsequent to harvesting and slashing, fireguards will need to be established along the south and north ends
of the treatment unit. The south end should have a hand grubbed line established along the gully separating
units 2 and 3. Similarly the north guard should be established along the main gully system separating units
3 and 9, 10. The west and east sides have existing access roads that will serve as excellent guards.
9
TREATMENT SCHEDULE FOR TREATMENT UNIT THREE
Stratum Ecosystem Treatment Year Objectives/Comments
Component
Early Desired For Latest
Steady State Opportunity
Burn Levels
A Open Forest Slash* 2002 2005 2010 Area does not immediately require treatment. If broadcast burns
are not initiated within 4-5 yrs then the stratum will require
slashing prior to broadcast burning of treatment unit 3
Broadcast Burn 2004 2027 2032 Burn to maintain open forest/open range structure and enhance the
forage values by rejuvenating grass’, forbs and shrubs.
B Open Forest Harvest 2002 2025 2030 Harvest to Open Forest structure for a combination of habitat and
timber objectives.
Broadcast Burn 2004 2027 2032 Burn to maintain open forest/open range structure and enhance the
forage values by rejuvenating grass’, forbs and shrubs.
C Open Forest Harvest 2002 2025 2030 Harvest to Open Forest structure for a combination of habitat and
timber objectives.
Broadcast Burn 2004 2027 2032 Burn to maintain open forest/open range structure and enhance the
forage values by rejuvenating grass’, forbs and shrubs.
* Initiate burning 2 years after the preparatory spacing has been completed. If funding and market conditions allow for an accelerated level of spacing and harvest
burning should be moved up accordingly.
10
TREATMENT UNIT FOUR
Overview
This treatment unit is being proposed for ecosystem restoration to re-establish the historic mosaic of Open
Forest/Open Range. The area historically is excellent ungulate winter range and currently has high
populations of wintering Elk, Deer and Sheep.
Treatment unit four is located due west of treatment unit three and is situated on the glaciolacustrine
terraces along the eastern shores of Columbia Lake. Elevations range from approximately 820m, along the
foreshore of Columbia Lake, to 985m in the east. This unit lays fully within the IDFun biogeoclimatic
zone. Boundaries consist of Columbia Lake to the west, the common road boundary with treatment unit
three to the east. The southern boundary of this unit consists of existing roads requiring minimal works for
use as fireguards. The northern boundary of the unit will have to be established prior to the reintroduction
of fire. The guard is proposed to be established using a combination of mechanical and hand works.
Stratification is based on existing and potential cover class'.
Stratum A
Stratum A consists of the current open range and open forest stocking class. Previous thinning operations
have occurred throughout this unit and will require little pre works to carry out a prescribed burn. Any
existing overstocking will be reduced through the use of fire.
The timbered gullies along the lakeshore have low quality Fdi, mostly located in the gully bottoms and
north facing slopes. A system of alternating crown fires (ie burn one, leave one, burn one) should be
considered at the time of broadcast burning. This will work to provide both movement corridors through
the thickets, as well as burned out areas with high densities of snags such as is considered high quality
habitat for species such as Lewis' Woodpecker (Melanerpes lewis).
Stratum B
Stratum B is currently a fully stocked age class 7-8 Fdi stand, with inclusions of deciduous types located
along receiving and seepage sites. There are artesian springs located throughout this stratum, along with
calcareous seepage areas, which show signs of extensive use by ungulates. This stratum requires harvesting
and slashing to an open forest type, with dispersed open range areas, as well as reserve patches along the
riparian types. Where non-merchantable patches are located within the boundaries of this type they may be
left and burned through (with possible crown fires) to supply structural diversity over the landscape. Any
such type should not be located within 50m of a boundary which has not been fire proofed sufficiently to
ensure that the crown fire could not escape from the unit.
Harvesting in the vicinity of stratum D should ensure a multiple canopy layer forest structure, characterized
by widely spaced, uneven-aged Douglas-fir with thickets of young Douglas-fir, remains to supply habitat
for species which thrive in the vicinity of the adjacent deciduous/shrub types. This would be ideal for
species such as Flammulated Owls (Otus flammeolus), as well as Pileated Woodpeckers (Dryocopus
pileatus) and Northern Flickers (Colaptes auratus). This structure should also be considered in the vicinity
of the dispersed shrub types within the eastern portions of stratum B.
As with stratum A the lake shore gullies, where non merchantable conifer cover exists should be crown
burned in an alternating manner to supply structural diversity, and thus habitat diversity, across the
landscape.
Stratum C
Stratum C has high levels of juniper ingress, with minor amounts of pole sized poor quality Fdi inclusions.
This stratum requires immediate slashing of the juniper (and Fdi thickets) prior to prescribed burning.
Without slashing an intense crown fire situation would occur due to the juniper acting as ladder fuels.
Crown closure of the Fdi on site should also be lowered through the selective falling of Fdi stems that are
greater than 16cm and less than 30cm but are of such poor quality that they are non-merchantable. Follow
slashing by prescribed burning, along with strata A,B and D.
11
Stratum D
Stratum D is a unique hygric deciduous type of Aspen, Cottonwood and birch. Archeological sites are
associated with this type (pit house). No treatment is required in this type. The burn boundary should be
located along the eastern edge of this stratum. Spring burning will have a very minimal risk of escape into
this type.
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TREATMENT SCHEDULE FOR TREATMENT UNIT FOUR
Stratum Ecosystem Treatment Year Objectives/Comments
Component
Early Desired For Latest
Steady State Opportunity
Burn Levels
A Open Range Prescribed 2004 2004 2011 Burn to maintain open forest/open range structure and enhance the
Burn * forage values by rejuvenating grass’, forbs and shrubs.
B Open Forest Harvest 2002 2002 2009 Harvest to an Open Forest structure with dispersed thickets
surrounding existing shrub types.
Prescribed 2004 2004 2011 Burn to maintain open forest/open range structure and enhance the
Burn * forage values by rejuvenating grass’, forbs and shrubs.
C Open Forest Slash 2002 2002 2009 Slash to reduce juniper and Fdi thickets to prepare area for
broadcast burning by reducing ladder fuels.
Prescribed 2004 2004 2011 Burn to maintain open forest/open range structure and enhance the
Burn * forage values by rejuvenating grass’, forbs and shrubs.
D ShrubType No Treatment N/A N/A N/A Maintain as deciduous/shrub fire refugia type.
* Initiate burning 2 years after the preparatory spacing has been completed. If funding and market conditions allow for an accelerated level of spacing and harvest
burning should be moved up accordingly.
13
TREATMENT UNIT FIVE
Overview
This treatment unit is located immediately north of treatment unit four and south of Armstrong Bay.
Consisting almost entirely of private lands entrusted to the Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection, this
unit has been identified as high priority sheep habitat. The unit is currently in an Open Forest/Open Range
mosaic bounded by a cliff band to the east and Columbia Lake to the west. The erosion gullies into
Columbia Lake are typically dominated by closed crowned poor quality Fdi stands on the north facing
slopes and gully bottoms, with open eroding lacustrine cliffs on the south facing slopes. The existence of
dying, dead and down deciduous stems in the gully bottom attests to the previous, more open structure, that
existed along the lake shore areas in the past. Due to the low quality of the timber in these areas a slashing
from below, with concurrent removal of poor quality stems greater than 16cm but less than 30cm, will
result in a more open, large diameter conifer open forest/grassland structure.
The area immediately surrounding Armstrong Bay has had a vegetation assessment completed by Hans
Roemer in 1993. No species of "particular interest, phytogeographical interest, or popular appeal", as
designated by Roemer were noted on the Douglas-fir dominated lacustrine benches. There were numerous
species of particular interest, phytogeographical interest, or popular appeal located in the immediate
vicinity of Armstrong Bay however. No treatments are proposed within, or immediately surrounding the
inner gorge of Armstrong Bay.
Stratum A
Stratum A consists of lakeshore gullies as mentioned above. Slashing and thinning from below within the
timbered areas should be complete prior to the re-introduction of fire. Thinning should target the high
levels of juniper cover as well as undersized and poor quality Fdi. As with other stratum containing the
eroding gully systems a system of alternating treated (spaced and or burned) and untreated gullies should be
considered to maintain both movement, nesting and feeding habitats.
Stratum B
Stratum B is currently in an Open Range/Treed Grassland stocking status. The eastern boundary of the unit
consists of eroding lacustrine gullies and rock bands. This stratum should be maintained in the current
structure over time through the use of prescribed fire. Fireguards along the eastern boundary must be
established using a combination of mechanical and manual means. The rock bands can be used where
available.
14
TREATMENT SCHEDULE FOR TREATMENT UNIT FIVE
Stratum Ecosystem Treatment Year Objectives/Comments
Component
Early Desired For Latest
Steady State Opportunity
Burn Levels
A Open Slash/ Thin 2004 2007 2010 Space sub-merch., non-merch., and juniper thickets to enhance
Range/Open from below stand quality and further reduce crown closure to create open
Forest range/open forest conditions in approximately 30 years. Pile and
Burn slash to set up for prescribed habitat enhancement
underburns. Use of a burning sloop is feasible within this unit.
Broadcast Burn 2006 2008 2011 Burn to maintain open forest/open range structure and enhance the
forage values by rejuvenating grass’, forbs and shrubs.
B Open Range Broadcast Burn 2006 2008 2011 Burn to maintain open forest/open range structure and enhance the
forage values by rejuvenating grass’, forbs and shrubs.
* Initiate burning 2 years after the preparatory spacing has been completed. If funding and market conditions allow for an accelerated level of spacing and harvest
burning should be moved up accordingly.
15
TREATMENT UNIT SIX
Overview
Treatment unit six is located immediately north of Armstrong Bay, south of private land Lot 48, and
extends east from the shores of Columbia Lake to the slope break in the east. This unit lies entirely within
the IDFdm2 biogeoclimatic zone. Slopes are generally low, in the 10-20% area, but increasing along the
eastern edge of the unit up to 50%+.
Treatment unit six is considered a high priority sheep habitat restoration area. There has been previous
habitat works completed within stratum 6D consisting of juniper slashing and piling.
A Douglas-fir bark beetle infestation is currently active within this treatment unit. Salvage of the dead and
dying large diameter Douglas-fir is considered a priority for Tembec Forest Industries. The time frame for
this salvage is tight in that the infestation has been active for a number of years.
Stratum A
Stratum A is a mature Fdi stand in which the bark beetle is active. Harvesting is required to capture the
volumes killed by the beetle, while allowing for the creation of an Open Forest structure of very large
diameter Fdi. This will also result in rejuvenation of the understory shrub and herbaceous layers.
Stratum B
Stratum B is currently an Open Forest/Treed Grassland structure, which is to be maintained in this state
through the use of prescribed fire. No pre-treatments are required prior to the reintroduction of fire. There
is ingrowth occurring within this stratum but prescribed fire will reduce the levels to maintain the area in its
current open state.
Stratum C
Stratum C extends from the shores of Columbia Lake to the upslope areas in the eastern portion of
treatment unit six. Slopes range from flat in the western portions to 50%+ in the east. The portions located
nearer to the lake are dominated by a mature Fdi stand with extensive juniper ingress having occurred over
the past century. An under story slashing of the juniper, combined with a prescribed burn will result in an
excellent stand structure of mature open forest Fdi. The portion to the east along the toe of the slope is
currently dominated by a fully stocked pole sized Fdi stand, with very poor shrub and herbaceous
development. Though this portion is located on a northwest facing slope it should be thinned down to open
forest densities to allow for forage development, while supplying fiber supply over time.
Access to the eastern portions of stratum C is limited due to lack of access roads. Quad access for slashing
crew is an option.
Stratum D
Stratum D has been previously treated to reduce the high levels of juniper ingress that have occurred over
the past century. This area should also be maintained in an open forest condition. This will result in a
combination of benefits including forage production, timber production and movement corridors. This unit
lies immediately to the west of a band of limestone cliffs that supply excellent escape cover for sheep and
are recognized as both primary and secondary winter range for bighorn ewes.
16
TREATMENT SCHEDULE FOR TREATMENT UNIT SIX
Stratum Ecosystem Treatment Year Objectives/Comments
Component
Early Desired For Latest
Steady State Opportunity
Burn Levels
A Open Forest Harvest 2002 2002 2005 Harvest to capture Douglas-fir beetle mortality. Maintain and open
forest structure within the unit. Promote understory development.
Broadcast Burn 2004 2004 2007 Burn to maintain open forest/open range structure and enhance the
* forage values by rejuvenating grass’, forbs and shrubs.
B Open Range Broadcast Burn 2004 2004 2007 Burn to maintain open forest/open range structure and enhance the
* forage values by rejuvenating grass’, forbs and shrubs.
C Open Slash/ Thin 2002 2002 2007 Space sub-merch., non-merch., and juniper thickets to enhance
Forest/Open from below stand quality and further reduce crown closure to create open
Range range/open forest conditions in approximately 30 years. Pile and
Burn slash to set up for prescribed habitat enhancement
underburns.
Broadcast Burn 2004 2004 2007 Burn to maintain open forest/open range structure and enhance the
* forage values by rejuvenating grass’, forbs and shrubs.
D Open No Treatment N/A N/A N/A Previously treated. Include in burning plans in 2020.
Forest/Open
Range
* Initiate burning 2 years after the preparatory spacing has been completed. If funding and market conditions allow for an accelerated level of spacing and harvest
burning should be moved up accordingly.
17
TREATMENT UNIT SEVEN
Overview
Treatment unit seven is located at the north end of Columbia Lake East. This treatment unit overlies both
private land (Lot 48) and Columbia Lake Provincial Park. This unit has been designated due to the difficult
logistics inherent with these areas; both physically and by jurisdiction. Access is limited due to the private
land and park. All strata within this treatment unit are located on upslope areas and are dominated by poor
quality conifer stands that include Douglas-fir, Ponderosa Pine, Whitebark Pine and Limber Pine.
Stratum A
Stratum A is located immediately east of the lacusterine benches along the toe of the slope and is
considered to be primary bighorn ewe winter range and a priority for restoration. Currently there are very
high levels of juniper cover within this entire unit that require slashing to allow for forage production.
Timber qualities within this unit do not warrant a harvest pass and therefore we are left with a manual
slashing treatment only. Removal of poor quality conifers that do not meet merchantability criteria should
also be carried out at the time of treatment. The eastern boundary of this treatment unit is determined by
the maximum safe distance for a worker to be working from transportation (ie approximately 400-500m
from where the truck can be parked). Follow up burning is problematic due to both poor fuel continuity
and lack of fire guards along the eastern, upslope, boundaries of the stratum. This unit should be
maintained in an Open Forest/Treed grassland state in perpetuity through manual slashing treatments.
Strata B and C
Strata B and C are located along the glacio-lacusterine terrace, which dominates the eastside of Columbia
Lake. Both units lay almost entirely within either Columbia Lake Provincial Park and Private Land Lot 48.
Stratum B is the currently timbered areas while Stratum C consists of current open range areas, including
the cultivated fields within Lot 48.
Harvesting of Stratum B is the preferred treatment in-order to create and Open Forest/Treed Grassland type.
However, it is recognized that harvesting within the provincial park is unlikely and that thinning from
below and slashing is a more probable treatment. Follow up burning is a feasible treatment given the ease
of fireguard creation along the toe of the slope. Burning to maintain the resultant (following harvest and/or
slashing of stratum B) open forest/open range complex is the preferred treatment. Otherwise a program of
continuous slashing will be required to maintain this structure. Treatment of these units will improve both
the forage quality and quantity, as well as for fire proofing. Both units are priority areas for bighorn sheep
ewe winter range enhancement
Stratum D
This stratum is located on the upper slopes at the north end of the planning unit. The area consists of
ingrown Fdi types that contain poor quality timber of small diameter and poor form. This stratum, due to
the proximity to the developments at Fairmont Hot Springs, is considered to be high wildfire risk from an
urban interface perspective. Terrain in this stratum is broken and contains very steep slopes. Harvesting of
this stratum would be desirable, however, due to the steep terrain, high viewscape characteristics, and
poorer quality of timber this option should be pursued only if all stakeholders agree. Otherwise a program
of thinning from below and slashing would be the better option to create an open forest type with widely
spaced crowns and no ladder fuels build up.
18
TREATMENT SCHEDULE FOR TREATMENT UNIT SEVEN
Stratum Ecosystem Treatment Year Objectives/Comments
Component
Early Desired For Latest
Steady State Opportunity
Burn Levels
A Open Forest Slash/ Thin 2002 2006 2007 Space sub-merch., non-merch., and juniper thickets to enhance
from below stand quality and further reduce crown closure to create open
range/open forest conditions in approximately 30 years. Pile and
Burn slash.
Unit adjacent to private land Lot 48.
B Open Forest Slash/ Thin 2002 2006 2007 Space sub-merch., non-merch., and juniper thickets to enhance
from below stand quality and further reduce crown closure to create open
range/open forest conditions in approximately 30 years. Pile and
Burn slash.
Objective includes urban fire interface risk reduction for
developments at Fairmont Hot Springs Resort.
C Open Range No Treatment N/A N/A N/A Currently Open Range. Maintain using prescribed burns where not
cultivated
D Open Forest Slash/ Thin 2002 2006 2007 Space sub-merch., non-merch., and juniper thickets to enhance
from below stand quality and further reduce crown closure to create open
range/open forest conditions in approximately 30 years. Pile and
Burn slash.
Objective includes urban fire interface risk reduction for
developments at Fairmont Hot Springs Resort.
* Initiate burning 2 years after the preparatory spacing has been completed. If funding and market conditions allow for an accelerated level of spacing and harvest
burning should be moved up accordingly.
19
TREATMENT UNIT EIGHT
Treatment unit eight is prescribed for Managed Forest status. This entire treatment unit is located above
approximately 1500m up to the height of land (Wildlife Management Area boundary). Biogeoclimatic
zones include the MSdk, ESSFdk, ESSFdkp, and AT. Management and entry timing should be maintained
within the Forest Development Planning process.
20
TREATMENT SCHEDULE FOR TREATMENT UNIT EIGHT
Stratum Ecosystm Treatment Year Objectives/Comments
Component
Early Desired For Latest
Steady State Opportunity
Burn Levels
A Managed Harvest as per N/A N/A N/A Treatment unit is to be managed for timber production and
Forest Forest transitional grazing.
Development
Planning
Process
21
TREATMENT UNIT NINE
This treatment unit is similar to treatment unit Seven D but the access is limited due to both steep terrain
and distance from access roads. Establishment of an access road would be possible but would be dominant
in this high viewscape area. The treatment unit, located immediately east of treatment units five and six, is
a transitional type between the NDT4 and the NDT3. Treatment within this area would ideally be to
harvest the unit to an open forest type. However, due to the above mentioned access concerns, and the poor
quality and quantity of timber within the stratum, harvesting is unlikely to be profitable or desirable. As
harvesting is unlikely within the 30yr time horizon, as set in the guiding principles, the area will be required
to be slashed/thinned from below. No re-introduction of fire is proposed, as guarding of these units would
be problematic due to steep inaccessible terrain upslope of this unit.
22
TREATMENT SCHEDULE FOR TREATMENT UNIT NINE
Stratum Ecosystem Treatment Year Objectives/Comments
Component
Early Desired For Latest
Steady State Opportunity
Burn Levels
A Open Forest Slash/ Thin 2002 2034 2045 Harvest and/or Space sub-merch., non-merch., and juniper thickets
from below to enhance stand quality and further reduce crown closure to create
open range/open forest conditions in approximately 30 years. Pile
and Burn slash.
23
TREATMENT UNIT TEN
This treatment unit consists of upper elevation areas that are problematic for restoration activities. Terrain
is complex and highly broken with poor quality timber and lower site class' (<12) present. Development
for the removal of the current standing timber would be expensive and controversial due to roading the
steep slopes within this important viewscape. These slopes are nearly entirely composed of polygons
designated as environmentally sensitive due to unstable soils. The timber is not of sufficient value to
warrant helicopter removal. Both portions of this unit supply important transitional movement corridors.
Harvesting should be allowed, if it is shown to meet proper environmental standards, where timber quality
warrants.
Stratum A would be an excellent candidate for a fall prescribed burn, without initial mechanical treatments.
This unit is located in inoperable terrain and has no commercial timber values, while having an excellent
deciduous and shrub cover. A fall burn would rejuvenate these components.
Prescribed burning is problematic in that there is no economically feasible manner in which to pre-treat the
area to reduce the escape hazard. Initiation of small prescribed fall burns to rejuvenate the shrub layer may
be considered but these would be of obviously higher risk.
24
TREATMENT SCHEDULE FOR TREATMENT UNIT TEN
Stratum Ecosystem Treatment Year Objectives/Comments
Component
Early Desired For Latest
Steady State Opportunity
Burn Levels
A No Treatment N/A N/A N/A Inaccessible unit
Fall Prescribed 2002 2028 N/A Consideration should be given to initiating a fall burn to rejuvenate
Burn the shrub and deciduous components within this steep gully
system.
B No Treatment N/A N/A N/A Inaccessible unit
25
Long Term Treatment Scheduling - Columbia Lake East
Treatment 2002- 2007- 2012- 2017- 2022- 2027- 2032- 2037- 2042- 2047- 2052- 2057- 2062- 2067- 2072- 2077- 2082- 2087- 2092- 2097-
Unit/Stratum 2006 2011 2016 2021 2026 2031 2036 2041 2046 2051 2056 2061 2066 2071 2076 2081 2086 2091 2096 2101
Management
Objective
1/A Slash/ No Burn No No No Harvest No No Burn No No Burn No No No No No No Harvest
Open Forest Thin Treat Treat Treat Treat Burn Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Burn
from
Below.
Burn
1/B Spot No No No Spot No No No Spot No No No Spot No No No Spot No No No
Open Burn Treat Treat Treat Burn Treat Treat Treat Burn Treat Treat Treat Burn Treat Treat Treat Burn Treat Treat Treat
Forest/Talus
1/C Spot No No No Spot No No No Spot No No No Spot No No No Spot No No No
Open Burn Treat Treat Treat Burn Treat Treat Treat Burn Treat Treat Treat Burn Treat Treat Treat Burn Treat Treat Treat
Forest/Talus
1/D Manual No No No Manual No No No Manual No No No Manual No No No Manual No No No
Open Slash/ Treat Treat Treat Slash/ Treat Treat Treat Slash/ Treat Treat Treat Slash/ Treat Treat Treat Slash/ Treat Treat Treat
Forest/Talus Fire Fire Fire Fire Fire
Proof Proof Proof Proof Proof
1/E No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No
Open Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat
Forest/Talus
26
Treatment 2002- 2007- 2012- 2017- 2022- 2027- 2032- 2037- 2042- 2047- 2052- 2057- 2062- 2067- 2072- 2077- 2082- 2087- 2092- 2097-
Unit/Stratum 2006 2011 2016 2021 2026 2031 2036 2041 2046 2051 2056 2061 2066 2071 2076 2081 2086 2091 2096 2101
Management
Objective
2/A Spot No No No Harvest No No Burn No No Harvest No No No No No No Harvest No No
Open Forest Burn Treat Treat Treat Slash Treat Treat Treat Treat Burn Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Burn Treat Treat
2/B No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No
Shrub/ Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat
Riparian
2/C Thin No No No Slash No No Harvest No No Burn No No No No No No Harvest No No
Open Forest from Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Burn Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Burn Treat Treat
below
2/D No No No No No No No Harvest No No Burn No No Harvest No No No No No Harvest
Open Forest Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Burn Treat Treat Treat Treat Burn Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Burn
3/A Slash No Slash No Harvest No No Slash No No Harvest No No No No No Harvest No No Slash
Open Forest Treat Treat Slash Treat Treat Burn Treat Treat Slash Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Slash Treat Treat Burn
Burn Burn Burn
3/B No No No No Harvest No No Slash No No Harvest No No No No No Harvest No No Slash
Open Forest Treat Treat Treat Treat Slash Treat Treat Burn Treat Treat Slash Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Slash Treat Treat Burn
Burn Burn Burn
3/C No No No No Harvest No No Slash No No Harvest No No No No No Harvest No No Slash
Open Forest Treat Treat Treat Treat Slash Treat Treat Burn Treat Treat Slash Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Slash Treat Treat Burn
Burn Burn Burn
4/A Burn No No Burn No No Burn No No No No No Harvest No No Burn No No Burn No
Open Range Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Slash Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat
Burn
4/B Harvest No No Burn No No Burn No No No No No Harvest No No Burn No No Burn No
Open Forest Burn Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Slash Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat
Burn
4/C Slash No No Burn No No Burn No No No No No Harvest No No Burn No No Burn No
Open Forest Burn Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Slash Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat
Burn
4/D No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No
Shrub/ Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat
Riparian
27
Treatment 2002- 2007- 2012- 2017- 2022- 2027- 2032- 2037- 2042- 2047- 2052- 2057- 2062- 2067- 2072- 2077- 2082- 2087- 2092- 2097-
Unit/Stratum 2006 2011 2016 2021 2026 2031 2036 2041 2046 2051 2056 2061 2066 2071 2076 2081 2086 2091 2096 2101
Management
Objective
5/A No Slash No No Burn No No Harvest No No No No No No Harvest No No Burn No No
Open Treat Burn Treat Treat Treat Treat Burn Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Burn Treat Treat Treat Treat
Range/Open
Forest
5/B No Burn No No Burn No No Burn No No No No No No Burn No No Burn No No
Open Range Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat
6/A Harvest No No Burn No No Burn No No No No No Slash No No Burn No No Burn No
Open Forest Burn Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Harvest Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat
Burn
6/B Burn No No Burn No No Burn No No No No No Slash No No Burn No No Burn No
Open Range Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Harvest Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat
Burn
6/C Slash No No Burn No No Burn No No No No No Slash No No Burn No No Burn No
Open Forest Burn Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Harvest Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat
Burn
6/D No No No Burn No No Burn No No No No No Slash No No Burn No No Burn No
Open Forest Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Harvest Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat
Burn
28
Treatment 2002- 2007- 2012- 2017- 2022- 2027- 2032- 2037- 2042- 2047- 2052- 2057- 2062- 2067- 2072- 2077- 2082- 2087- 2092- 2097-
Unit/Stratum 2006 2011 2016 2021 2026 2031 2036 2041 2046 2051 2056 2061 2066 2071 2076 2081 2086 2091 2096 2101
Management
Objective
7/A Slash No No Slash No No Slash No No Slash No No Slash No No Slash No No Slash No
Open Forest Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat
7/B Harvest No No Burn No No Burn No No No No No Harvest No No Burn No No Burn No
Open Forest Slash Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Burn Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat
Burn
7/C No No No Burn No No Burn No No Burn No No Burn No No Burn No No Burn No
Open Range Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat
7/D Harvest No No No Slash No No Harvest No No No Slash No No Harvest No No No Slash No
Open Forest Slash Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat
8/A Harvest Harvest Harvest Harvest Harvest Harvest Harvest Harvest Harvest Harvest Harvest Harvest Harvest Harvest Harvest Harvest Harvest Harvest Harvest Harvest
Managed As Per As Per As Per As Per As Per As Per As Per As Per As Per As Per As Per As Per As Per As Per As Per As Per As Per As Per As Per As Per
Forest FDP FDP FDP FDP FDP FDP FDP FDP FDP FDP FDP FDP FDP FDP FDP FDP FDP FDP FDP FDP
9/A No No No No No No Harvest No No Slash No No Slash No No Slash No No Slash No
Open Forest Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Slash Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat
10/A No No No No No Burn No No No No No No Burn No No No No No No Burn
Shrub Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat Treat
10/B Harvest Harvest Harvest Harvest Harvest Harvest Harvest Harvest Harvest Harvest Harvest Harvest Harvest Harvest Harvest Harvest Harvest Harvest Harvest Harvest
Managed as per As Per As Per As Per As Per As Per As Per As Per As Per As Per As Per As Per As Per As Per As Per As Per As Per As Per As Per As Per
Forest FDP FDP FDP FDP FDP FDP FDP FDP FDP FDP FDP FDP FDP FDP FDP FDP FDP FDP FDP FDP
29
