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Document Sample
Commercial Space Transportation Advisory Committee
Advanced Spaceport
Advanced Range Technologies Technologies Working Group
Working Group
Reducing the cost of sustained operations through
technology infusion
Keith Britton
NASA KSC
October 2004
1
The ARTWG & ASTWG : Responding to National Needs
U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, “Reducing Launch Operations Costs: New
Sept 1988 Technologies and Practices”, OTA-TM-ISC-28
– “ Reducing these costs, therefore, should be a critical part of any effort to reduce the life-cycle
cost of a space transportation system.”
Presidential Directed OSTP & NSC Report: The Future Management and Use of the U.S. Space
Feb 2000
Launch Bases and Ranges
– “The Air Force and NASA should develop a plan to examine, explore, and proceed with next-
generation range technology development….”
May 2002 Defense Science Board Summer 2001 Study (related to technology development in general)
– “…foster “relationships” and create new incentives with critical technology sectors to motivate
them to apply their knowledge and technologies to critical national security challenges.”
Nov 2002 Presidential Directed Commission on the Future of the United States Aerospace Industry
– “The federal government must assume responsibility for sustaining, modernizing, and providing
critical, often high-risk, defense-related technologies and infrastructure when it is in the nation’s
interest. This includes critical design capabilities, solid rocket boosters, radiation hardening,
space launch infrastructure, critical research, …”
Feb 2004
NASA, The Vision for Space Exploration
“ NASA will focus on technology innovations that reduce the cost of sustained space operations”.
“The Vision is not about one-time events and, thus, costs will be reduced to maintain the
affordability of the vision”
“Develop the innovative technologies, knowledge, and infrastructures both to explore and to support
decisions about the destinations for human exploration;”
June 2004
President’s Commission on Implementation of United States Space Exploration Policy
“Finding 4 – The commission finds that successful development of identified enabling technologies
will be critical to attainment of exploration objectives within reasonable scheduled an and
affordable costs. …17 areas for initial focus.. …We identify the following enabling technologies,
which are not yet prioritized:…
Transformational spaceport and range technologies – launch site infrastructure and range capabilities 2
for
National Vision for Tomorrow
• High flight rates
– Increase responsiveness
– Support concurrent operations
– Reduce costs
• Seamlessly integrated with National Airspace System
– Global coverage
• Nationally Interoperable
– Implement standardization
– Enhance flexibility & adaptability
3
What is the ARTWG & ASTWG:
Responding to a National Need
Advanced Range Technology Working Group (ARTWG):
Response to Presidential Directed OSTP & NSC Report, “The Future Management And Use Of
The U.S. Space Launch Bases And Ranges,” February 2000
Nationally Adopted Strategic Roadmaps
Focus on next-generation range technologies
MOA between NASA/Code M, and AF Space Command to jointly develop strategy
Co-Chairs from NASA/KSC & AF Space Command
Advanced Spaceport Technology Working Group (ASTWG):
Focus on next-generation ground processing technologies
Chaired by NASA KSC, Vice Chair Executive Director Aerospace States Association
National forums for all United States parties who
have an interest in range and spaceport technology
development Baseline Reports
More than 500+ subject matter experts from across
the nation
Over 90 government, industry and academic
organizations involved
Nationally adopted roadmaps developed which
identify key technologies to enable space exploration
Objective: Create a national strategy for spaceport and range
technology development 4
ASTWG Draft Roadmap Product Review
Subgroups
Advanced Planning /
Documentation /
Servicing
Analysis / Learning
Transportation, Inspection &
Handling & Assembly System Verification
Command, Control &
Monitoring
Roadmaps have been developed for each subgroup area
5
Spaceport System Capability Roadmap
Near-Term: Mid-Term: Long-Term:
• High flight rate of a single • Multiple vehicles from common • Airport-like Operations – Plug &
architecture spaceport infrastructure Play
• Standardized servicing ports • Common standards between • Minimal servicing with self
vehicle and spaceport diagnosis and autonomous repair
and interfaces
• Containerized payloads • Piggy Back payloads – self
• Standard payload carrier sufficient; non invasive to vehicle
• Robotic support for lifting
• Common/universal lifting GSE operations • Plug & Queue – minimal
• Control software development • Spaceport interfaces recognize facility/vehicle interfaces
based on abstract interfaces flight system connected • Gas & Go – on-demand propellant
• Control software for automatic • Automated servicing operations loading operations
propellant loading • Automated safing / • Autonomous safing /
reconfiguration of vehicle and reconfiguration after landing
• Enhanced remote sensing for
vehicle safety after landing payload after flight • Automated paperless supply chain
• Automated and integrated management integrated with
• Paperless integrated logistics paperless logistics system equipment integrated health
systems management
• Automatic interactive
• Centralized data repository – scheduling of flight vehicle, • Integrated business systems and
integrated databases ground support facilities and processes into one data
• Enhanced support logistics management system
information/communication • Integrated communication • Autonomous, adaptive self-
architecture system linking several training scheduling system for
spaceport flight vehicle, ground facilities and
• Integrated emergency services support infrastructure
• Semi-autonomous surveillance
• Global connectivity to spaceports
• Autonomous surveillance
6
ASTWG Example Roadmaps Advanced
Servicing
Technology Subgroup: Integrated Operations
Capability Roadmaps Challenges & Technical Approaches
Execute Departure Operations (E)
Weather dependent
Challenge
Last minute power requirements for last possible moment for vehicle
Final commodity fueling and topping is hazardous operation and requires contamination control
Need to condition lines for cryogenics before pump through
Advanced
Servicing
Weather dependent
Minimize servicing required Autonomous umbilical
Approach
Technical
Non-volatile fuels Self-cleaning, Leak-free mechanical interfaces (QDs)
Advanced fluid system filtering, storage and transfer Automatic de-icing
Robust fluid systems for weather mitigation High accuracy, Multi-parameter leak detection capability
Service station approach Visualization techniques for fire detection and Enhanced
Non-intrusive instrumentation for cryogenic system hydrogen fire detection
Large amount of structure around vehicle to be retracted and Range safety system activation
stowed Number of interface and umbilical connections
Challenge
Last minute handling Potential move to final departure point
Runway orientation A lot of T-0 umbilicals
Transportation/Assembly
Vertical stacked element movement Last minute connection of pyrotechnic devices
Final component installation Control hazards through brute force methods
Rapid Handling,/
Flight crew systems
Battery activation
Wireless sensors Eliminate confined spaces
“Clean pad” and “clean runway” Eliminate potential leak sources
Transport under own power to departure point (horizontal) Integrate and fuel at, or as close to, departure point as possible
Approach
Technical
Eliminate by design Use rechargeable batters
Artificial vision Wireless sensing and commanding
Rechargeable batters Minimize and automated umbilicals with self-verifying interfaces
Self-healing seals Leak-free mechanical interfaces (QDs)
Sealing technology Wireless or laser communications
Leak detection De-couple payloads from other systems
Final FTS checks
Challenge
Countdown procedure = final checkout
Inspection & System
Restriction on data can get—bandwidth limited
Loading range safety code is manual
Verification
People in danger for final inspection
Artificial vision and intelligence
Approach
Technical
Integrated health monitoring
On-board sensing
Fault tolerant systems
Remote sensing of hazardous gases and high-accuracy optical techniques for gas imaging
Key Technology Development Needs
Self-fault isolation and repair systems
Loading range safety code is manual
Challenge
Pseudo-automated process—direct touch
Many people in the decision loop
Limited by weather
Key Technologies for “Gas & Go”:
Control, Monitoring
Final FTS checks
Countdown procedure = final checkout
Command,
Centralized launch management
Technical Approach
Automated handoff between launch and flight management
Command, Control and Monitoring Systems
Automated go/no go criteria
Risk management approach
o Situational Awareness Automated decision making process: Knowledge-based decision tools and Adaptive reasoning Advisors
Automatic hardware recognition and configuration
o Human-machine interfaces Data Visualization
o Mass Storage Memory Software fusion
Automated & remote sensing techniques
o High-volume/speed processing and display technologies Remote optical imaging for fire detection and leak detection
Lots of interaction for approval to launch Modifications for flight data files—hard to get in last minute
o Intelligent software agents Massive critical requirements documentation process changes
o Who is in charge? Who notifies NORAD and other countries?
Challenge
Planning/Documentation/
Advanced Decision Support Tools Manual recording and processing thousands of measurements
and comparison to family and trends lengthy planning process
Analysis/Learning
Integrated Health Management Limited lessons learned Flight plan development (e.g., trajectory)
Limited operational learning opportunities Large quantity of data needs to be recorded and processed
o Artificial Intelligence Integration of requirements between vehicle owner/operator and Information shared verbally over comm. nets
o Adaptive algorithms
payload developer
Automated systems File COMBO analysis and orbit insertion data similar to flight plan
o Data fusion techniques Risk management
Approach
Technical
Real-time data reduction, configuration control analysis
Automated, intelligent processing Automated trend analysis
Encryption Technologies Data warehousing and archive Semantic networks and AI tools
Standard Data Formats High-fidelity training models Knowledge-based decision tools
Interoperable databases (cross-cueing, dynamic database fusion)
Low-maintenance Insulation Systems
Inexpensive, non-intrusive hazardous gas and leak detection systems
Self-sealing, self-cleaning cryogenic quick disconnects
Cryogenic “Quick Chill & Fill” methods
7
Future Interagency Range & Spaceport Technologies Program:
Technology Infusion Program
Interagency
Program Consortium
Industry, Strategic
Academia, Technology
Direction
Government National Coalition
One of several
inputs each agency
will consider
DoD FAA
• Tri-Agency Consortium (NASA, FAA, DoD) has been $TBD $TBD
focusing for the last 1.5 years on developing spaceport NASA
$TBD
and range technologies
• Joint planning & each partner manages their portion of
dollars Joint Funding Decisions
• Currently in 2nd year of 3-year formulation effort Focused national
spaceport & range
(FY ’03-’05) technology projects
• Strategic technology roadmap development
• Interagency Concept of Operations development
• Technical Gap Assessment
• Business Case/Value Proposition assessment
• Program Planning and Documentation Development Stakeholder community
technology & project development
• Working towards an FY06 new start (Industry, Academia, Government)
“We are excited to support NASA leadership of FIRST efforts by targeting and investing in
range & spaceport technologies. It is the right time for partnership!”
8
(Brigadier General, John T. Sheridan: 15 January 2004 letter to NASA Director, KSC)
Summary
• Studied the problems
– Identified the shared needs requirements, investigated the technologies, built the
roadmaps
• Engaged and leveraged other centers
– KSC serving as lead center as the critical insight to the impact of vehicle architectures
on ground and launch operations – also holds the critical partner relationships
– All Center development technologies are leveraged –coordination across centers and
partners assures investments are made in the areas of best return and those which
support common needs / multiple mission sets
• Built a formal inter-agency partnership: DOD, NASA, FAA
– “We are excited to support NASA leadership of FIRST efforts by targeting and investing
in range & spaceport technologies” (Brigadier General, John T. Sheridan)
• Established nationwide forums with government, industry, and
academia
– Over 500 registered members in working groups for advanced range and spaceport
technologies; three national conferences held; 10 technology-focused teams formed
9
Upcoming ARTWG/ASTWG Events
• ARTWG/ASTWG Conference (
– In conjunction with the AF Space Command, S&T
workshop)
– Jan. 11 -13 2005
– Colorado Springs, Co.
• ASTWG Workshop (to develop conceptual
spaceport architectures)
– Nov. 16-17 2005
– Kennedy Space Center, Fl
Thank You for your continued Support!
10
Reducing the cost of sustained operations
through technology infusion
http://artwg.ksc.nasa.gov http://astwg.ksc.nasa.gov
Contacts:
Mr. Darin Skelly, ARTWG Co-Chair
NASA/KSC
Planning America’s Ph # (321) 861-3639
Email: darin.m.skelly@nasa.gov
Next-generation Ground
& Launch Operations Mr. Keith Britton, ASTWG Chair
NASA/KSC
Technologies Ph # (321) 867-1955
Email: keith.j.britton@nasa.gov
Maj Jennifer Draper, ARTWG Co-Chair
AFSPC/XPXZ
Ph# (719) 554-3563
jennifer.draper@peterson.af.mil
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