Ch18 S3

							 Chapter 18: Cold
  War Conflicts

  Section 3: The
Cold War At Home
  California Academic Standards: 11.8.7 & 11.9.3
11.8 Students analyze the economic boom and social
   transformation of post-World War II America.
 .7 Describe the effects on society and the economy of
   technological developments since 1945, including the computer
   revolution, changes in communication, advances in medicine,
   and improvements in agricultural technology.
11.9 Students analyze U.S. foreign policy since World War II.
 .3 Trace the origins and geopolitical consequences (foreign and
   domestic) of the Cold War and containment policy, including
   the following:
       The era of McCarthyism, instances of domestic Communism (e.g., Alger
        Hiss) and blacklisting
       The Truman Doctrine
       The Berlin Blockade
       The Korean War
       The Bay of Pigs invasion and the Cuban Missile Crisis
       Atomic testing in the American West, the "mutual assured destruction"
        doctrine, and disarmament policies
       The Vietnam War
       Latin American policy
     Objectives:
Following lecture and reading of this
   section, students will be able to:
1. Describe government efforts to
   investigate the loyalty of U.S. citizens.
2. Explain the spy cases of Alger Hiss and
   Julius and Ethel Rosenberg.
3. Describe the efforts of Senator Joseph
   McCarthy to investigate alleged
   Communist influence in the United
   States.
Fears  of Communist
 Influence
   Americans are worried
    about the U.S. security
    because they saw Eastern
    Europe and China fall to
    Communists and feared
    it could happen any
    where anytime.
 Also  about 100,000
  Americans claimed
  membership in Communist
  parties in the U.S.
Loyalty   Review Board
 Truman   accused of being
  soft on Communism.
 Purpose: to investigate gov’t
  workers and dismiss any that
  were disloyal to the U.S.
Belonging  to certain
 groups was cause for
 suspicion
3.2 million investigated;
 212 dismissed as threats;
 2,900 resigned to avoid or
 protest investigations.
House  Un-American
Activities Committee
Purpose: one of
 several agencies that
 investigated
 Communist influence
 both inside and
 outside the U.S. gov’t.
Famous    for investigating
 movie industry in 1947
 believing Communist
 propaganda had
 infiltrated Hollywood.
Many in Hollywood
 agreed, and supported
 belief in accusations
The  Hollywood Ten refused
 to testify claiming the
 hearings and investigations
 were unconstitutional, and
 were imprisoned.
Because of investigation, a
 blacklist of about 500 was
 compiled in which names of
 suspected communists were
 placed and could no longer
 find work.
 McCarran     Act
  Purpose:   Make any act that
   would lead to the
   establishment of a
   totalitarian gov’t unlawful.
Spy Cases Stun the Nation
 Alger Hiss
  Convicted  of perjury for
   lying about passing soviet
   gov’t documents.
Ethel   & Julius Rosenberg
 Minor  activists in the
  American Communist Party
 Found guilty of espionage
  and sentenced to death, for
  leaking information on our
  atomic bomb to the USSR
  allowing them to develop it
  years earlier than they
  would have.
  1st U.S. civilians
   executed for espionage.
McCarthy Launches His
 “Witch Hunt”
  Senator Joseph
   McCarthy of Wisconsin
   (Republican), charged
   that Communists were
   taking over the gov’t.
McCarthy’s   Tactics
 Accused people in the
  gov’t of disloyalty
  without providing
  evidence.
 Only made claims in the
  senate where he had
  legal immunity from
  slander.
Republicans  did little
to stop him, because
they thought they
would win 1952
presidential election if
America saw them as
ridding the gov’t of
Communists.
McCarthy’s
Downfall
1954, McCarthy
 bullied witnesses in
 a televised
 investigation and
 cost him public
 support.
Other Anti-
Communist Measures
By 1953, 39 states
 passed laws making it
 illegal to advocate the
 violent overthrow of
 the gov’t.
People  had to take loyalty
 oaths, people were afraid to
 sign petitions quoting the
 Declaration of Independence
 fearing they were
 Communist ideas.
Union leaders, librarians,
 reporters, and scientists
 were investigated.
 The   Cold War at Home

 Duringthe late 1940s and early 1950s, fear of
 communism leads to reckless charges against
 innocent citizens.