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Document Sample
15th African Water Association
Congress
Water and Sanitation: Perspectives
and Challenges relating to Energy and
Climate Change
Summary of Technical Outcomes
Technical Coordination Team:
Piers Cross, Halifa Drammeh, Dennis Mwanza, Grace Lwanga
Outline
• The Conference Problematic
• Summary of Overall Outcomes
• Summary of Water and Sanitation
Discussion Outcomes
• Implications of Conference and Kampala
Statement
15th AfWA Congress Themes
Title: Perspectives and Challenges relating
to Energy and Climate Change
• The challenge of climate change and
environmental degradation
• Better Water and Sanitation Service
Delivery
• Energy and Water Governance
Congress Design
Opening Climate Better WSS Energy and Closing
Plenary: Change: Service Delivery: Water Plenary:
Outlining Global Trends Performance Governance: Technical
themes Benchmarking Energy Outcomes
Environmental
Setting and Watershed Service delivery for Optimization MoU AfWA
Context Degradation the poor Infrastructure and
Financing AMCOW
Keynote Implications for Sanitation and fecal
Challenges water investment sludge Integrating Way
and management Research Forward
management
Sustainable Tackling
Adaptation and financing Corruption
Mitigation
Leadership and Water Safety
Specific Cases Capacity Building Plans
Customer
Management
Exhibition, Poster Presentations, Side Events, Business Meetings, Launches
Cross-cutting
Conference Problematic Themes:
Leadership
Threats Challenges Capacity Building
• Climate Change Weak Political
• Environmental Degradation Technical
WSS • Sustain water Innovation
• Water Resource Threats Leadership sources
• Food crisis increases • Reduce energy Environmentally-
irrigation+water competition Uneven needs friendly
National Policy • Deepen technologies
• Weak governance Frame reforms,
• Institutional complexity improve Performance
governance benchmarking
• Political interference • Improve
performance Partnerships
• High urbanization Africa • Serve the Poor
• Slums+ Changing Cities Water • Become Customer
• Increasing demand from Utilities financially Management
the poor/ MDGs viable +
bankable Financing
• Energy shortages + Governance
increasing energy costs Sanitation/
Existing Low WSS Scorecard:
• Financial crisis increases Managing fecal
- Water Coverage just >50%
cost of borrowing sludge
- Flush toilets – less than 8%
• Lack of access to capital Serving the poor
- 221m people use open defecation
• Insufficient revenue: for
O&M, replacement - High UAW Disaster resiliency
Impacts of Climate Change on water resources
Increasing Temperatures and Changing Weather
Patterns Affect the Water & Sanitation Sector
Water Citizens and
WSS Services
Resources Households
Water Scarcity Breakdown or flooding of Changing weather patterns
subsurface infrastructure can prompt migration from
water stressed areas
Contaminated aquifers Overwhelmed sanitation Increase incidence of
systems water –borne diseases
Reduced ability for self- Supply and disposal of Increase disparity between
cleaning water and wastewater is rich and poor
disrupted
Unpredictable patterns of Increased cost to cope
rainfall Extreme events affect with polluted water
operational costs
Launches:
Scale of Congress AMCOW-AfWA
Partnership
AfWA-IWA
• Over 1000 delegates from 64 countries Partnership
• Opened by President of Uganda, supported Africa Water
by royalty, attended by Ministers, agency Academy
heads, World and African sector leaders GRUBS
• 52 sessions, over 250 presentations, over Dr Muhairwe’s
Book “Making
500 speakers Public
• Exhibitions, side events, launches, AMCOW Enterprises
Work”
and business meetings
AWF/AfWA/WOP
• Multimillion $ event, fee-based, supported Peer-Learning
by 19 sponsors Agreement
SUWASA
(USAID/ARD)
Program
Observations on Technical Discussions
Encouraging Trends Characteristics
• Recognition that Africa can/needs to lead • Practitioners
exchanging
solving its own problems experience
• Increasing adoption of utility reforms • Blend of utility,
• Focus on performance improvement academic, CSO,
PS, political
• Sanitation: Increasing recognition of perspectives
importance • Learning from
• Utilities discussing implications from climate case-studies
change + environmental threats • Great variety
• Beginnings of energy-water nexus awareness • Many “aha”
moments
• Good examples of utility-CSO collaboration in
serving the poor
Showcasing Water in Uganda
“Uganda considers the WSS sector as one of the cardinal means to transform the
economy and increase productivity” President Yoweri Museveni, AfWA Congress Opening Address
• Political Leadership: Presidential attention to water,
outstanding Ministerial leadership, African-wide influence
• NWSC Flagship Utility: Institutional reforms, technical
innovations, financial viability/bankability, Africa Water
Academy
• Finance and Governance: SWAp, increased gov finance,
increasing revenue, clear institutional responsibilities, small
towns managed by PS
• Partnerships: Intra-government, public-private, NGO network
• Openness: in tackling ongoing issues: environmental
degradation, poor quality lake water, hydropower,
sanitation/sewerage, serving the poor, energy
• Impact: Coverage > water MDGs – aiming for universal
coverage
• Innovation, research and monitoring: Willingness to
experiment, encourages research and strong monitoring,
golden indicators
What’s New? What’s Exciting?
• IWA – New urban design • Growing body of practical
strategies and city responses to experience in performance
closing the environmental loop benchmarking
• UN-HABITAT/ Google • Durban recovering oil for growing
partnership geo-referencing
utility and service data algae in waste water treatment
• Using mobile phone technology • Successful adoption of OBA
in service monitoring in Senegal approaches (Kenya, Morocco,
• Utilities undertaking strategic Uganda)
business planning, introducing • Cases (incl Ghana) of better
low-cost water quality testing, fecal sludge management
undertaking energy audits
• Future city modeling
• Pro poor units set up in Dar Es
Salaam, Kampala, Nairobi, • Micro-credit for extending
Lusaka sanitation to low-income
• New approaches and technology households
to improve water meter • WHO/DFID Vision 2020 studies
management
on resilience to climate change
• Findings from SWITCH initiatives
Main Recommendations: To Utilities on
Water Resource Management
1. Adopt proactive approaches to water resource
development: conservation programs, customer
awareness, efficiency measures, source protection, wetland
protection, risk management strategies, use non-traditional
water sources (Urban stormwater; wastewater; recycling; cities as
catchments; desalinisation), consider decentralised water systems
2. Adopt proactive approaches to energy conservation
through reducing NRW, full cost pricing to reduce wastage,
using gas from treatment processes to generate power,
using alternative energy sources
3. Adopt environmentally-friendly decentralized sanitation
systems (constructed wetlands, biogas, UDDT, carbon credit financing of
WWT)
Main Recommendations: To Utilities on
Better WSS Services
1. Performance measurement can make significant improvements in
utility efficiency. Measurement and benchmarking should be
explicitly linked to decision-making and investment.
2. Adopt to demand-driven approaches to water service management
3. Strengthen customer education and customer dialogue
4. Call to action for utilities to focus on services to the poor
• Many win-win opportunities: turning NRW into revenue
• Institutionalize pro-poor approaches
• Delegated management approaches
• Establish pro-poor units
5. Take on sanitation and solid waste disposal – generate finance
specifically for sanitation (sanitation levy, user fees); develop
specific expertise in on-site sanitation and SWD
6. Consider getting a shadow credit-rating and getting market finance
– brings market rigour to operations and incentivize reforms
7. Adopt OBA: OBA are making connection fees affordable and
motivating service providers to serve low-income households.
Main Recommendations: To National
Sector Leaders
1. National Plans to Incorporate Adaptation/Mitigation of
Environmental Degradation and response to Climate Change
Concrete and realistic country plans, sustainable service delivery,
target poverty, improving financial viability of utilities
2. Follow-up on national implementation of Sharm El-Sheikh and e-
Thekwini commitments
3. Bold, comprehensive and sustained reforms are key in weathering
the multiple crises
4. Institutional and financial autonomy are key elements of the reform
process
5. Good governance and clear institutional roles needed for utilities
can become credible, financially viable + bankable
6. Link Gov transfers to performance improvements and targeting of
poor
Main Recommendations: To AfWA
1. Inclusive AU Commission on Water
Maintain highest-level political attention on water in Africa
Cement AU/AMCOW/AfDB/UN/development partners high level
collaboration
Track Water/Environment/Climate Change Interactions
2. AfWA/AMCOW develop process with all main stakeholders for one
global water learning process:
One Annual High Level Political event
One Annual Review of Commitments
One Water “Week” of technical exchange/advocacy
One quality multi-agency Africa report (building on GLAAS and CSOs)
3. AfWA develop one high-level all-Africa Water Utility Benchmarking
Process (supported by IWA/AfDB/UN/ WB/WOP/Regulators)
Many performance measurement and benchmarking initiatives– need
to understand what works best
4. AfWA/AMCOW San Task Force to launch Major Push to support
countries get on-Track for Sanitation MDGs
Last Half-a Decade of Intensive Effort/UNSGAB
AfWA to become partner in AfricaSan 3 (planned for 2011)
