1st Quarter Benchmark Review

							Name:                                                                                             Class:
Date:                                                                                         Miss Heller
                                                   Unit 1 Test Review
Part I: Government Systems (p12)—Define each of the following terms in your own words:
     Unitary System—

     Federal System—

     Confederate System—

1. In which government system do states and cities have the greatest amount of power?

2. The United States has a ______________________ system of government because power is shared between the national
   and state governments.

3. In which type of government system do states and cities have the least amount of power?


Part II: Types of Government (p18-20)—Read the list of statements below. Decide what type of government best matches that
description and write the letter on the line.

         A. Dictatorship                           D. Direct Democracy                     F. Parliamentary
         B. Oligarchy                              E. Representative                          Democracy
         C. Absolute Monarchy                         Democracy                            G. Presidential Democracy

    1.   ____ A small, select group of people hold power.
    2.   ____ Allows for the greatest amount of citizen participation.
    3.   ____ Citizens elect people to run government on their behalf.
    4.   ____ The government controls all or most aspects of life, including the economy.
    5.   ____ Citizens elect lawmakers; those lawmakers choose the rest of government.
    6.   ____ The leader is born to his/her position and rules with total power.
    7.   ____ The executive and legislature are elected separately by the people; both are accountable to the people.

    Part III: Economic Concepts (Reading Online)

    Opportunity Cost                         Socioeconomic Goals                       Scarcity

    ________________________ is a condition that exists because there are not enough resources to satisfy human
    wants/needs. Because of this, people must make decisions. What a person gives up in order to make an economic
    decision is a(n) ______________________________ ___________________________. Governments too must
    make decisions; all governments have socioeconomic goals, objectives that link economic activity and social
    needs/wants. The following are some goals of the United States government:

    Economic Freedom      means there is freedom from government control of the economy
    Economic Growth       means the expansion of the economy to produce more goods and services, jobs, and, in
                          turn, wealth for the people.
    Economic Productivity Means getting the most from limited resources
    Economic Equity       means that everyone should be given access to the same economic opportunities.
    Economic Security     People like to feel safe and secure. Economic security means that people have some
                          protection from economic difficulties.
    Full Employment       people who choose to work have jobs that are suited to their ability and experience
    Economic stability    means that if prices go up and down rapidly, people cannot plan their purchases.
    Other Goals           high quality public education, national defense, environmental protection, space
                          exploration, technological development, high quality medical care, etc.
Name:                                                                                               Class:
Date:                                                                                           Miss Heller
Part IV: Types of Economy—Locate information about each economic system and tell below how each system
answers the three basic economic questions:
                           TRADITIONAL                    COMMAND                         MARKET
                             SYSTEM                        SYSTEM                         SYSTEM

    WHAT TO
   PRODUCE?


    HOW TO
   PRODUCE?


   FOR WHOM
      TO
   PRODUCE?


1. What is a mixed economy?

2. List specific examples to show how the United States is a mixed economy (describe elements of each type of
   system in our economy):
        a. Traditional—
        b. Command—
        c. Market—

Part V: Brief Constructed Response Items—The following items will be included on the test; consider how you would
respond to each.

    1. Think about different government systems. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of unitary,
       confederate, and federal systems of government. Include details and examples to support your response.

    2. A mixed economy is one in which elements of market, command, and/or traditional economic systems are
       combined. Explain why the United States can be called a “mixed economy.” Use specific examples and
       details to support your response.

    3. Opportunity Cost BCR—see cartoon from class! Describe how the cartoon illustrates the concept of
       opportunity cost. Explain how the government might prevent such a situation from occurring. Include specific
       examples and details to support your response.

    4. Are the rights and the will of minorities better protected in a representative democracy, an autocracy, or an
       oligarchy? Explain your response using specific examples and details.

BONUS: Describe characteristics of limited (democratic) and unlimited (authoritarian) governments in the venn
diagram below.